Black and white are considered the actual absence of color. Therefore, the question of how to get black can be answered that it is possible to get only a color close to it by mixing several.
For the artist, this color means the darkest, and for scientists - the absence of color. Black is an achromatic shade that absorbs all light. According to the absorption of the light flux, it is opposite to white, which completely reflects the light and radiation falling on it. In the natural environment, there is a material close to it in tone - this is Vantablack dark carbon, which absorbs 99.96% of incident light and other radiation.
Back in the Renaissance, masters of painting tried to get black paint and concluded that it was impossible to make it from other paints. Therefore, they used burnt bones, from the soot of which they made paint of a matte black tone.
Today, black paint is made industrially from natural carbon pigments such as graphite and carbon black.
Color models
In practice, 2 main color models are used:
- RGB- additive, the basis of which is the superposition of rays reflected from the surfaces of objects. It is used in computer monitors, contains the main colors: R-red, G-green, B-blue. The remaining colors and shades are obtained by overlaying.
- CMYK- subtractive model, which is based on the physical mixing of pigments, with white being the absence of color, and pure black obtained by mixing cyan (C-blue), magenta (M-magenta) and yellow (Yellow) tones, K (key color) - key. This system is used in the printing industry and printer printing.
What colors to mix?
To get a black color that is close to ideal, you can go by mixing paints of the following colors:
- Red and green - the resulting tone will be close to the desired one (in fact, it turns out to be very dark, and if you look closely, it is not quite ideal).
- Blue, yellow and red - if you take these 3 primary colors, then mixing them will also allow you to get a fairly saturated color scheme.
- Additional colors (brown, purple, blue) - you need to mix them in small quantities, then you get an approximate color.
You can use for mixing any paint intended for drawing or household purposes: acrylic, gouache, watercolor and oil. If there is no ready-made dye of a classic tone, then there are a lot of options for how to make black paint from others.
To obtain a pure color, you will have to work hard and select the necessary proportions, gradually adding different colors.
On the video: what colors to mix to get black.
Shades of black
There are many shades that differ slightly from the classic black, which will allow the artist to add originality to his work. Historically, the following shades have developed:
- Slate - essentially it is a dark gray, the name comes from the slate-aspid, which was used earlier in the manufacture of the school board.
- Caramasy - synonyms "black", "black -haired".
- Anthracite is a highly saturated color with some sheen.
- Bull blood is a black and red color scheme.
- Bardadym - the name of the king of black suit in the game of cards.
Modern shades of black differ from those previously used:
- Soft black - to get it, you need to mix the following colors: turquoise, pink and yellow, sometimes a little white is also added.
- Medium - pink, ultramarine and light yellow paints are mixed for it.
- A rich color can be made not only from the three primary colors (chromatic), but also with the help of red, yellow and blue colors.
- Blue-black - obtained by mixing brown and dark blue.
Many shades of dark and light gray can be made by experimenting with adding white paint or adding a little water. Experience will show what colors and shades are obtained.
Primary color mixing (1 video)
What colors to mix to get black?
Black and white colors are also called the absence of color as such. If you want to get black by mixing other colors, then this can be done by mixing three colors - magenta, yellow and cyan.
You can get black by mixing red and green. However, in this case, the color will not turn out 100% black.
If you need to get black from other paint colors, then you will need only three colors for this, namely:
There are also two more paints when mixed, which will turn out black - red and green. The only thing is not quite black, but very close to it.
If there are no paints with black, and you need it right now, then black can be obtained by mixing paints of other colors. In order to get black, you need to mix colors such as blue, red and yellow. From these three popular colors of paints, we get the desired black color.
To get black color, one color, we need to have as many as three others available: this is cyan, yellow and magenta.
- If you mix only blue and yellow, you get green
- yellow + magenta gives us red
- mix magenta and cyan to get blue
- well and get black color if you mix all these three colors.
If you mix red, blue and green in equal proportions, we get a pure black color, but it will not be saturated.
If you need black color in paints for drawing, then you can make it yourself. To do this, take activated charcoal (in tablets) and dissolve it in vodka.
So you can get black paint for drawing.
If you are faced with the need to get black by mixing different shades of paint, then to get black you will need to mix three colors, among which:
1) Purple color;
3) And blue color.
And here is the mix:
To get black, you can mix all the colors that are available with the exception of white, white will turn black into gray. You can also mix red with green, or you can also mix yellow, magenta and cyan.
Using additive color mixing (RGB model), black color can be obtained only at zero intensity of all three components. This is a mixture of colors, a matter of taste. Using subtractive color mixing (CMYK model) black color, theoretically, is obtained by mixing the C, M, Y components with maximum intensities. What happens in practice is very different from black, so in practice, blacK is added to the colors Cyan, Magenta and Yellow - a rich black color.
what colors can be mixed. to get black?
Comments
if you don’t need it right now, you can buy black dye))
Blue, red and green in equal proportions - you get a pure black color)))
There are 4 primary colors: yellow, red, blue and black. White separately. When they are mixed, additional colors (green, orange, purple, brown, etc.) and their shades are obtained. Therefore, black cannot be obtained, no matter what colors you mix.
what nonsense. Blue, red and green in equal proportions. That's pure black.
Activated charcoal + dilute with vodka. Check out the court http://forum.say7.info/topic48484.html
Rayda, thank you very much. you saved me.
In the future, buy all the same black paint and no problem
Girls, I’ve already rummaged through the entire Internet, I can’t find how best to mix several colors of the soap base to get multi-colored stains, how to do this so that the base does not have time to harden? Thank you all in advance for your replies.
Moms and not only, tell me how to get black, I need to make a layer of black, what to add or what to mix. Thanks
To my post. thanks a lot girls. For answers. There are several but! The son practically does not eat complementary foods, only porridge. Vegetables refuse to be cut. I even try to give an apple for several days, turning up my nose. In short today offered a mixture. First porridge.
Girls need help. I always knew perfectly well that the color on the walls is different from the color on the palette, but so much so. I chose, at the request of my daughter, of course, light pink paint, but in fact it turned out not light pink at all (((it was.
Good morning everyone. Dear professionals, do not pass by. Help advice. Ordered a cream cake. What kind of cream will turn into an intense black color (I have americolor and chefmaster gels) and will keep its shape well? Everyone in advance.
Girls, help, there is a small idea. You need to buy a lot of ordinary black and white bodysuits, without drawings, you need a lot, so the price is up to 500 rubles, but so that they are of high quality. Please help where to find black ones? Perhaps online, but preferably Russia.
Girls, dear, tell me how to get such a rich golden color of mastic? I paint with kondurin from above - it doesn’t work out that way at all ((Thanks in advance to everyone!
Ш I am looking for such a jacket, only in black. I will be glad to any offers with prices) Thank you in advance!
Tordodelochki - smarties :) please tell me how to get a purple color, such as a satin ribbon (see photo). You need to paint the mastic, I plan to paint with an airbrush. Americolor royal violet dye gives blue when dyed, which is the reason why not purple.
What colors should be mixed to get black?
What colors should be mixed to get black?
- red+blue+green=black
- light gray and brown stir to black for a long time or just mix dark colors for a very long time you get black
when mixing yellow, magenta and cyan dyes
5 proportions of red, 1-3 blue will be a little blue or a little red, then add a little yellow 0.5-1.
I had a case when black paint ran out in the Leningrad watercolor, so I still learned how to get black by mixing two colors (I don’t remember the exact names): it’s purple, and it seems dark green.
Speaking of mixing colors.
By mixing paints of three primary colors of cyan (a shade of cyan), yellow and purple (a shade of magenta) or any color of the first order with its additional color of the second order (spectral yellow + spectral violet for example). But this can be done only in the theory of subtractive synthesis with ideal colors (in the mathematical model, that is). In practice, this is not possible due to the physicochemical properties of dyes.
In polygraphy, when mixing the three primary colors, a dirty brown color is obtained, and to obtain black and its shades, an additional paint (according to English Key) is used - translucent black. Deep dense black is obtained by mixing all 4 colors.
In painting, special black dyes are used: black mars and soot, and all the many shades of dark brown.
In projectors and monitors, black is the absence of a signal and therefore no light. (but this is already an additive synthesis - a mixture of light rays of different wavelengths, where the sum of all the colors of the spectrum gives white)
In printers this is done by mixing yellow magenta and cyan (or red green and blue)
All colors must be mixed.
in painting - red, yellow and blue.
In the printing industry (for printing machines) - cyan, magenta and yellow. But then it turns out unsaturated black, grayish. Some percentage of black is usually added to it. Hence the CMYK palette
To get a black color, you need soot. And mixing all colors, or individual ones, does not achieve the effect of blackness.
Soot is amorphous carbon, a product of incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled conditions. In large quantities, it is used for the preparation of black ink in the printing and paint and varnish industries.
What paints need to be mixed to get black
Even a beginner knows that all shades can be made with just three basic colors - blue, red and yellow. You only need to know the rules for combining paints and the right proportions. But in practice, everything can turn out to be more complicated, and instead of the required color, a grayish, achromatic tone is obtained. It is also difficult to mix paints to find the right way to get black. Finished paints will be similar to it, but not 100%.
Black color features
Natural black (charcoal) is, in fact, the absence of color - scientists say so. This achromatic tone is the exact opposite of white. If the latter reflects the overwhelming amount of light rays, then black, on the contrary, tends to absorb them. There is no absolute black color in the world, while the darkest carbon vantablack is very close to the "ideal" - it absorbs 99.965% of the sun's rays, microwaves, radio waves. That is, this material reflects the minimum possible amount of light, therefore it is considered the blackest on Earth.
Black dye is made from various carbons, it is these substances that make it possible to obtain all types of paints of the desired tone. Most often used soot, graphite. Artists used to get matte black from burnt bone, and there was no darker tone. Today, the production of minerals is on stream, because in any art store you can buy paint, pencil, plasticine or a dark-colored felt-tip pen.
Color models and color synthesis
Scientists "brought" two basic color models, allowing you to create all sorts of tones and shades. Color synthesis involves the use of one of the models:
- RGB, or additive. It implies the imposition of light rays on each other in a certain order, with a set intensity. The main range of colors fits into the standard (basic) - red, blue and yellow. Additive synthesis is used in monitors, but making black in the same way as the rest will not work. Black, according to RGB, is the absence of reflection.
- CMYK, or subtractive. All tones are obtained by mixing paints in a physical way. Black is created by adding all other tones, and white in this system is the absence of color. This model is used in typography, its main tones are cyan (cyan), yellow, magenta (magenta).
Subtractive mixing method
This method of adding colors involves creating fewer tones than is possible with RGB. In theory, such a model involves getting black if you mix a number of other colors. But when the pigments are actually mixed, it is not a black tone that comes out, but a dark brown, with a brown glow, which will be very noticeable when diluted.
Therefore, in a printing house where the subtractive method is used, a key tone is added to this mixture - real black in finished form. No color-mixing ink can replace true black, as printers have long known.
Combining paints to make charcoal
If you read manuals for beginner artists, you can find an indication everywhere: no combination of colors will give a 100% black tone. But there are tables with information on which colors to mix in order to create the darkest possible shade, close to black.
The easiest way involves combining red, blue and yellow paints. Gouache, oil are best suited, and watercolor will be too transparent, will not give the necessary depth. Any base color set will work, although artists often use cyan, magenta, cadmium yellow, royal blue, and alizarin red.
- put on a white palette a drop of each paint (take an equal amount of all colors) at a short distance from each other;
- gently mix the colors with a brush, spatula;
- mix the materials for at least 15 seconds so that there are no streaks, using circular motions.
If you need to lighten the black a little, a drop of white paint is injected into it. To give the tone of the natural sky, add a drop of blue or purple pigment. To draw a night forest, a little green is added to black, and a little orange is added to draw the rays of the sun on a dark surface. Of course, the expressiveness of such blackness will be less; for a rich tone, it is better to buy a ready-made color scheme in a store.
There are other methods to get the desired color:
- red + green;
- purple + brown;
- blue + orange;
- purple + yellow;
- blue + brown.
All the resulting tones will be close to black, but not ideal; upon closer examination, it is easy to reveal a “fake”. In the first option, it is better to take red alizarin and emerald. But the finished color scheme can still have a shade of one of them or become olive, purple, brown.
According to artists, the best color scheme is obtained by mixing blue and brown paint, regardless of its brand and specific type. At the same time, the more brown, the “warmer” the blackness will be. On the contrary, blue greatly “cools” the finished color scheme. Dilution of this color with water gives an excellent gray tone.
Shades of black
Professionals distinguish a lot of shades of the darkest dye. Not so long ago, artists denoted such tones:
- slate (with an admixture of gray);
- anthracite (with gloss);
- bovine blood (mixed with red).
Now colorists and artists create completely different colors, their range has seriously expanded. With the introduction of different colors, coal will not be so dark, but brownish, bluish or with a violet glow. Many shades are obtained by introducing white. Here are interesting variations of a dark tone:
- soft charcoal - to create it, mix turquoise, pink, yellow, add a drop of ready-made black;
- medium coal - combine ultramarine, reddish, light yellow, add a little blackness;
- black and blue - combine brown and blue, and the second color should be 2 times more.
Mixing colors is easy, and experimenting is always fun. In practice, you can choose the necessary proportions to make the required color scheme for the drawing - even a schoolboy can do it.
»we touched on the basics of drawing - what you need to do to draw about what you want. And they did it on the example of a pencil and paper. Why? Because it is easier than learning to paint with paints, because in the case of using paints, in addition to the problem " How can I draw this? the problem "" appears - so that what happens is very similar to what is intended. And in this article we will try to give an exact answer to this question.
How to get the right color? There are two ways. The first is traditional, using the color wheel known to many:
So, there are primary colors:
- yellow
- blue
- red .
which, when mixed, give
- Orange
- green
- violet
- brown .
Moreover, the shades of mixed colors depend on the proportion of the primary colors. And, using the color wheel, you can get the desired color like this:
- Take a certain amount of the main color (for example, blue )
- Add some amount of a second base color (for example, yellow )
- Compare the resulting green with what you wanted to get
- Add one or another primary color to correct the hue.
- Or simply take the desired shade of green from a tube jar.
Why does the last paragraph appear - take the desired shade from the jar? Because getting the right color by mixing the main ones sometimes happens difficult.
Basically, to start, you can get the desired color using such a color wheel. However, as skill grows, so does the need for more precise color matching. After all, with the help of the principles described, it often turns out dirt. For example, it is very difficult to get a good violet color by mixing red and blue. Or is it hard to get necessary shades green , orange, brown colors. That is, the principles do not take into account any factors that affect the result when mixing colors.
We are happy to tell you that these factors really exist, and, moreover, with their help you can cope with the problem of "dirt" and still learn to get the right colors not by intuitive mixing, but by ordinary simple sequence of actions. This sequence and the reasons for the “dirty” of the standard color wheel were not discovered by us, but by Michael Wilcox. Who wrote the book . How to get the color you really want". By the way, you can download this book by Michael Wilcox at the link Blue and yellow do not make green.
Naturally, it will not be possible to present all the material of the book in one article, so we will limit ourselves to the main points, and we recommend that you take the details from this very book by Michael Wilcox “Blue and yellow do not make green".
So, how to reliably and accurately get the right color?
For this, it is necessary to take into account an important theoretical point. Why do we see color? Because different objects (including paint pigment) have different surface, which reflects light differently from the sun or other light source. That is, the surface, for example, of a bathtub, has such a structure that it reflects all colors and absorbs nothing. And all the colors of the rainbow, as we know, form white. Accordingly, the bath appears white. On the other hand, the surface of soot has such a structure that it absorbs all the light falling on it. And soot reflects nothing. As a result, we see black soot.
What happens if you mix white and soot? It will turn out beautiful grey color. Why? Because the light is reflected from the pieces of white completely, as white. And then it is partially absorbed by soot particles. The more soot in the white, the darker the gray obtained - due to the fact that more and more white light reflected by the white particles is absorbed by the soot particles.
Exactly the same principle works for colored pigments. Thus, red paint is red because it reflects predominantly red color. Blue color looks blue, since the pigment in its composition absorbs all colors except blue. In the same way "works" and yellow color - the pigment absorbs most colors except yellow.
Next, we move on to mixing colors. So, for example, you take blue paint and red paint. mix them up and get dirt. Why? Because the reflected red ABSORBED blue pigment in the same way as the entire incident color. Accordingly, the red pigment absorbs all the emission of blue - because the nature of its surface is so arranged that predominantly red pigment is reflected.
But you may ask: "What nonsense, because mixing blue and yellow we still get green, and according to your theory, dirt should also turn out? Well, if there were really pure colors in nature, then we would see the formation of dirt. But there is one but, which makes it possible not only to mix colors, but also to carefully and reliably select the right shade of color.
So, the pigment reflects not only one light. Light of one wavelength is reflected in greater measure. So, the red pigment mainly reflects red color. However, all other colors are also reflected (for example, violet or Orange). Exactly the same can be said about yellow color - mainly the pigment reflects yellow, but nevertheless it can be reflected in a sufficiently large amount Orange or green. FROM blue same thing - it can carry additional "harmonics" green or purple .
So there is not three primary colors. There is six primary colors:
- Mainly reflective paint red and to a lesser but significant extent Orange .
- Paint that mainly reflects red and to a lesser (but significant) extent violet .
- Pigment that reflects predominantly yellow and in addition green .
- Pigment that reflects predominantly yellow and plus additive orange .
- Mainly reflective material blue and partially violet .
- Material that reflects predominantly blue and partially green .
Well, have you already understood the principle of color formation?
It's very simple: you take yellow from point 3 and blue from point 6, mix these colors. The blue pigment neutralizes the yellow color, the yellow pigment absorbs the blue color. Which color remains? Correctly, green! And not just green, but beautiful, bright and juicy green.
In the same way: by mixing the blue from point 5 and the red from point 2, you neutralize the blue and red colors, and a juicy and saturated color appears. violet color.
And finally: by mixing yellow 4 and red 1, you get Orange due to the fact that the red pigment will absorb the radiation from the yellow, and yellow - the reflected radiation from the red pigment.
The result is NEW color wheel of the six primary colors:
The colors have arrows that point the way for the optimal development of the "blended" color. Respectively, variety of shades is born as a result of some combination of these SIX primary colors. "Incorrect" combinations (eg blue 6 and red 1) produce muted shades of colors (eg muddy purple). The combination of one "correct" color and one "wrong" (for example, blue 6 and red 2) produces more developed shades (for example, a brighter purple). And finally, the combination of the "right" colors (for example, blue 5 and red 2) produces a pure and bright color (bright and beautiful purple).
Naturally, reading the article is not enough to master getting the right color. It is best to read the book Blue and yellow don't make green» by Michael Wilcox plus do the practical color matching exercises in the book. However, our question has been answered.
Black is an achromatic shade that completely absorbs all colors. In other words, black means the absence of light flux as such. Black is the opposite of white, which reflects the radiation falling on it. Black, on the contrary, absorbs it. There is no absolute black color in the world. However, a material has already been found that is as close as possible to it. It is called Vantablack. At the time of 2014, it was this substance that was named the blackest on the planet. It absorbs 99.965% of the radiation falling on it, which is understood not only as light itself, but also as radio waves and microwaves. Now let's talk about how to get the most black color and what you need for this.
What colors to mix to get black
There are several ways to get black. The first one is the mixing of green and red. As already mentioned, it is almost impossible to achieve absolutely black, but using this method you can get the color as close to black as possible. If you want to get a more saturated black color, then you can try the following method - this is the use of a subtractive scheme. To do this, it is tedious to mix magenta, cyan and yellow. These colors are called primary. Blue and purple have another name - cyan, magenta. You can mix oil, watercolor or acrylic paints.
How to get a shade of black
In addition to the classic black color, there are also its shades, with which you can give originality to your work. In order to consider this issue, let's plunge into history and look at what shades of black existed before and which of them are common in our time. Previously, there were the following shades of black:
- Aspid shade. It is black and grey.
- Anthracite black color. This is a very rich black color with a sheen.
- Caramel shade.
- Clushy.
- A hint of bull's blood. It is black mixed with red.
- Bardadym.
Other shades of black are currently in use. With various proportions of the paint used, black can turn bluish, brown and other shades. Moreover, by adding white to the already obtained paint, one or another shade of black can be achieved. Consider several shades of black, and also talk about how you can get them.
- Soft shade of black. To get this shade, you need to mix turquoise, pink and yellow. You can also add a little white to the already obtained black paint.
- Medium black tint. In this color, the black shade will be much more than in the soft shade of black. To obtain, you need to mix pink, ultramarine and light yellow.
- Intense black color. This black color can be obtained not only by mixing the three primary chromatic colors. To obtain it, you can mix red, yellow and blue paint.
- Blue-black shade. It can be obtained by mixing brown and dark blue paint.
If, when receiving one or another shade, the color does not suit you, then you can add red, yellow or blue paint to it.
To achieve black paint, you will have to work hard when mixing colors, since you need to add paint in certain proportions. However, this will be much easier to do in the future, since you will already have a lot of experience in mixing colors.
Today, it is almost impossible to imagine repairs without the use of paint. It is used not only for painting windows (as it used to be), but also for painting putty walls, painting wallpaper, concrete, facades, roofs, furniture and other surfaces. But what to do if you need to get a black color, because the paint is originally white?
Today, it is almost impossible to imagine repairs without the use of paint. It is used not only for painting windows (as it used to be), but also for painting putty walls, painting wallpaper, concrete, facades, roofs, furniture and other surfaces. But what if you need to get black color, paint is it originally white? It is really very difficult to choose the desired color, because it is not always possible to get the desired shade. All paints, whichever you choose, initially have a white or snow-white color, special tinting materials are used to give them the desired color.
Is it possible to tint the paint yourself?
As a rule, when buying paint, a special tinting machine gives the desired color, but if you do not need to match the shade to already painted walls or under the ceiling, then it is quite possible to get the black color yourself.
Please note that when applying paint over large vertical areas, the color will look somewhat richer.
What colors should you choose?
If you need to get perfect black color, paint should be snow-white, as it has the least unwanted pigment that can interfere with obtaining the desired shade. When buying a color scheme, the manufacturer should be taken into account. So, if you chose Optimist paint, the dye for tinting should also be from this series.
How much color should be added to get black?
Getting the desired shade of black is a delicate matter, even one drop can change the color, make it darker, more saturated. Lightening it back will be much more difficult. Therefore, do not rush, do everything gradually, applying drops. Stock up on small jars. Pour 100 ml of paint into a small bowl and add a few drops of color to it, be sure to write down the ratio. Initially add about 3 drops of color (in this case the color will be pale and desaturated), to achieve darker, brighter shades, continue to add drop by drop. When the color in the jar is about the same as it should be, paint a section of the wall and leave it until the paint is completely dry. Remember that on the wall, the black color you made will be somewhat brighter. It is necessary to evaluate the resulting color in daylight and in electric light.
If the resulting shade satisfies all your wishes, tint all the paint in the proportion that you used when tinting the paint in the jar. If you plan to paint large areas, then subtract 20% of the color as it will look brighter than a small test area.
If, however, the resulting color seemed somewhat pale or not black enough, add a few more drops of black color to the paint. Do this until the resulting color completely satisfies you. Do not be too picky about this work, treat it as entertainment, and then you will definitely succeed. If suddenly you accidentally poured more color, you can lighten it by using special additional materials.
It is easier to choose the black color of the paint and its shade if you use the Optimist-Elite color fan, as well as the tinting paste of this series. The ratio of paste per 1 kg of material is indicated on the fan or in the instructions for the paste.
It is extremely individual and depends on how the human eye perceives the rays reflected from various surfaces. There are surfaces that do not reflect rays, but absorb them. When they are absorbed, a person sees. That is why black is called a "dead" color or "lack of color."
Therefore, the answer to the question of how to get black from paints will be the following: real black cannot be obtained by mixing any other shades of the spectrum. However, it is possible to create very dark shades that, in contrast to others, give the impression of black. To find out what paints need to be mixed to get black, you should turn to the theory of art and the psychology of color perception.
Color models and color synthesis
There are two models of color synthesis, that is, obtaining new colors and shades.
Additive - a model for obtaining color, based on the addition and superposition of rays reflected from the surfaces of objects. This model is used in monitors and screens, its main color range is RGB. Additive color synthesis is based on three main lights: red, green and blue. By superimposing and mixing these rays, all other shades are formed, except for black. In this model, black is considered to be the complete absence of reflection.
Subtractive - a model based on a mixture of physical pigments and paints. It considers white to be the absence of color. And black is obtained by mixing all the basic shades. So what colors do you need to mix to get black? In the subtractive model, the primary (or primary) hues are magenta, cyan, and yellow.
Subtractive mixing method
Compared to additive color synthesis, the subtractive model produces fewer shades. In addition, the theoretical or mathematical model of subtractive synthesis is fundamentally different from what is obtained in practice. For example, theoretically mixing three primary colors should result in black. However, in practice, this color comes out very dark brown.
The subtractive method is used in printing and polygraphy, where it is very important to achieve true black. In order to get it, a “key” is added to the three primary colors. It is from here that the name of the main range of the subtractive model is CMYK, where C is cyan (cyan, in Russian it is called blue or greenish blue), M is magenta (a shade of purple), Y is yellow (yellow), and K is key color (key color). In this range, natural black is key. Asking how to get black from the colors of the chromatic spectrum, the printers realized that no shade obtained could replace natural black.
Three primary colors
According to the theory of art by Johannes Itten, there are three primary colors, when mixed, all other colors of the spectrum are obtained. Itten singled out red, yellow and blue as the main ones. Subsequent theories determined that the ideal primary colors were purple (magenta), cyan (cyan), and yellow. It is they who are called primary - colors that reflect a larger spectrum and which cannot be obtained by combining other shades.
In fact, red and blue are not primary. They absorb more light than they reflect, but despite this, they are still often referred to as primary colors and are used to create the rest of the color wheel.
Note: White and black are not included in the spectrum and are called achromatic. How to get black from paints has always varied and depended on many theories that currently exist.
pure colors
According to the early theory, the pure colors were red, blue, yellow and green. It was believed that they could not be obtained by mixing other shades. Later, with the development of technology, it turned out that the three primary colors that cannot be obtained are magenta, cyan and yellow.
Modern color theory distinguishes three primary, three secondary chromatic and one achromatic - black. What colors to mix to get black varies. Everything works in comparison, from mixing primary hues to mixing red, blue and yellow, or even red and green.
The secondary colors are green, blue and red. Green is obtained by mixing yellow with greenish-blue. Magenta and cyan make blue. And by mixing purple with yellow, you can get red.
In theory, the question of how to get black from paints is solved by mixing the three primary colors in their ideal shades. These are cyan, magenta and yellow. However, it is practically impossible to get the perfect black by combining others. In typography and painting, natural black is used.
natural black
Black is actually the absence of color. The more light rays the surface of an object absorbs, the darker it appears. In nature, there is no absolute black color, but the darkest carbon Vantablack is as close as possible to one hundred percent absorption of light, it reflects only 0.035% of the rays.
The main natural pigments from which black paint is made are carbons. Among them, the main ones are graphite and soot. Artists at the dawn of painting thought about what paints should be mixed to get black, and came to the conclusion that black cannot be achieved. During the High Renaissance, painters mined black from burnt bone. It was the darkest available during the Renaissance.
