Vasil Bykov "Sotnikov", "Obelisk" A striking example of moral choice can be found in the work of Vasil Bykov "Sotnikov". Partisan Sotnikov, faced with a choice between life and death, was not afraid of execution and confessed to the investigator that he was a partisan, and the rest had nothing to do with it. Another example can be found in Vasil Bykov's story "Obelisk": the teacher Frost, having the choice to stay alive or die along with his students, whom he always taught goodness and justice, chooses death, remaining a morally free person.
Arguments for writing
A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" A hero with high moral character is Petrusha Grinev, a character in A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". Peter did not tarnish his honor even in those cases when it was possible to pay for it with his head. He was a man of high morals worthy of respect and pride. He could not leave Shvabrin's slander on Masha unpunished, so he challenged him to a duel. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev: he is a person for whom the concept of honor and nobility does not exist at all. He walked over the heads of others, stepping over himself for the sake of his momentary desires.
Happiness
Arguments for writing
A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" Happiness is understood differently by everyone. The hero of the story, for example, by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich,” realizes himself “happy” because he did not end up in a punishment cell, received an extra bowl of soup, did not get sick, but the main thing is that he enjoys honest work. The writer admires the patience, hard work of a Russian person who believes in God and hopes for his help.
Evil, good and artistic activity
Arguments for writing
Akutagawa Ryunosuke "The Torments of Hell" He creates a psychological portrait of the old artist Yoshihide, very famous in his locality - first of all, for his terrible, asocial character and the corresponding paintings. The only thing that pleases his eyes is his only daughter. Once the ruler ordered a painting from him depicting Hell and the torment of sinners in it. The old man agreed, however, on the condition that, for greater realism, he would see the death of a woman in a falling carriage. He was given such an opportunity, however, as it turned out later, that woman turned out to be his own daughter. Yoshihide calmly works on the painting, but upon completion of it, commits suicide. Thus, it is worth evaluating art through morality, but this assessment entirely depends on the actual ideals of the evaluating subject. Yoshihide had one value - his daughter, whom he lost because of art.
Does a person have freedom of choice?
Arguments for writing
V.Zakrutkin "The Human Mother" The main character Maria, having met a wounded enemy (German), faced a moral choice, to kill him or not to kill him? for all their atrocities, but it was a boy, his cry "mother" stopped her, the heroine could not take a desperate step, managed to stop in time, realizing that the hatred that overwhelmed her would not have led to anything good. V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matyora" On the banks of the Angara, the authorities were going to build a dam that would flood the nearby island, so the population had to move to another place. The main character, the old woman Daria, is presented with the right to make a moral choice: to leave, or to defend her right to happiness, to life in her native land.
The attitude of the crowd towards people who stand out from it
Arguments for writing
Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" Comedy "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov. Chatsky - a rebel, a rebel, rises against the crowd., Moscow society of that time. Their habits are wild and alien to him, the morality of society amazes him. He is not afraid to speak his mind. In the monologue "Who are the judges?" fully reveals its essence. The problem with the crowd is that they don't know how to listen and don't even want to listen to the truth. They consider as "truth" the precepts of their hypocritical fathers, which have long since outlived their usefulness. Creativity Mayakovsky Mayakovsky's work is devoted to the theme of the confrontation between the hero and the crowd. The crowd is vulgar people who live without spirituality. They do not see beauty, they do not understand true art. The hero is alone in his world. He does not leave the crowd, does not hide, but boldly challenges it, is ready to fight misunderstanding. For example, in the poem “Could you?” a sharp line is drawn between "I" and "you".
National feud
Arguments for writing
A. Pristavkin “A golden cloud spent the night” The problem of national enmity is particularly acute in A. Pristavkin's story "A golden cloud spent the night." The author shows us the tragic events of the 40s of the twentieth century, associated with the resettlement of orphanages in the Caucasus, in the territories "liberated" from local residents - Chechens. The revenge of the people forcibly evicted from the land of their ancestors falls on innocent people, including children. We see how a brutal murder separates the twin brothers Sasha and Kolka Kuzmenyshi. It is symbolic that at the end of the story, Kolka calls the Chechen boy Alkhuzur his brother. Thus, the author convinces us that, all peoples are brothers, that the humane human principle is stronger than evil, that the authorities, inciting national hatred, commit a crime against humanity and humanity.
Tragedy of the "little man"
Arguments for writing
N.V. Gogol "Overcoat" The problem of the "little man" is most fully revealed by the Russian writer, poet, and critic N.V. Gogol. In the story "The Overcoat", the playwright tells the reader about Akaki Akakievich, a poor titular adviser from St. Petersburg. He zealously fulfilled his duties, was very fond of manual rewriting of papers, but in general his role in the department was very insignificant, which is why young officials often laughed at him. In his tragedy of stealing a new greatcoat, the hero does not find a response from society's help.
Personality in history: Peter I
Arguments for writing
A.S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman" A.S. Pushkin wrote in The Bronze Horseman ... Here we are destined by nature to cut a window into Europe ... These lines were written about Peter the Great. He is a man who changed the course of history, one of the most prominent statesmen who determined the direction of Russia's development in the 18th century. Peter launched large-scale reforms of the Russian state, changed the social structure: he cut off the sleeves and beards of the boyars. He built the first Russian fleet, thereby protecting the country from the sea. Here he is, that person, that person who accomplished a lot of great and heroic things in his life, who made history. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy denied the possibility of an active influence of an individual on history, believing that history is made by the masses and its laws cannot depend on the desire of an individual. He considered the historical process as the sum of "an innumerable number of human arbitrariness", that is, the efforts of each person. It is useless to oppose the natural course of events, it is vain to try to play the role of arbiter of the fate of mankind. This position of the writer is reflected in the novel "War and Peace". Using the example of two historical figures: Kutuzov and Napoleon, Tolstoy proves that it is the people who are the creator of history. Millions of ordinary people, and not heroes and generals, unconsciously move society forward, create great and heroic things, make history.
Rudeness
Arguments for writing
M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" The main character of the story M.A. Bulgakov "The Heart of a Dog", Professor Preobrazhensky is a hereditary intellectual and an outstanding medical scientist. He dreams of turning a dog into a man. This is how Sharikov is born with the heart of a stray dog, the brain of a person with three criminal records and a pronounced passion for alcohol. As a result of the operation affectionate, though cunning, Sharik turns into a boorish lumpen, capable of betrayal. Sharikov feels himself the master of life, he is arrogant, swaggering, aggressive. He quickly learns to drink vodka, be rude to servants, turn his ignorance into a weapon against education. The life of a professor and his inhabitants apartments become a living hell.Sharikov is an image of a boorish attitude towards people. D.I Fonvizin "Undergrowth" Indignant at other people's rudeness, people often do not notice that they themselves sometimes behave just as outrageously. Perhaps the best way to see this is in the way parents treat their children. The character of a person is formed in the family, and what kind of person could Mitrofanushka become? He adopted all the vices from his mother: extreme ignorance, rudeness, greed, cruelty, contempt of others, rudeness. Not surprising, because parents are always the main role model for children. And what example could Mrs. Prostakova set for her son if she allowed herself to be rude, rude, and humiliate others before his eyes? Of course, she loved Mitrofan, but in this regard she spoiled him greatly.
False/true values, search for the meaning of life
Arguments for writing
I. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco" I. Bunin in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco" showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and that god he worshipped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is. W.S. Maugham "The burden of human passions" The novel by the famous English writer W.S. Maugham "The Burden of Human Passions" touches on one of the most important and burning questions for every person - is there a meaning in life, and if so, what is it? The protagonist of the work, Philip Carey, painfully searches for the answer to this question: in books, in art, in love, in the judgments of friends. One of them, the cynic and materialist Cronshaw, advises him to look at the Persian carpets and refuses to explain further. Only years later, having lost almost all his illusions and hopes for the future, Philip understands what he meant and admits that “life has no meaning, and human existence is aimless. Knowing that nothing makes sense and nothing matters, a person can still find satisfaction by choosing the various threads that he weaves into the endless fabric of life. There is one pattern - the simplest and most beautiful: a person is born, matures, marries, produces children, works for a piece of bread and dies; but there are other, more intricate and amazing patterns, where there is no place for happiness or striving for success - perhaps some disturbing beauty is hidden in them.
Self-realization, aspirations
Arguments for writing
And A. Goncharov "Oblomov" A good, kind, talented person, Ilya Oblomov, did not manage to overcome himself, his laziness and licentiousness, did not reveal his best features. The absence of a high goal in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov. U.S. Maugham "Razor's Edge" In his late novel The Razor's Edge, W.S. Maugham draws the life path of a young American Larry, who spent half of his life with books and the other half in travel, work, search and self-improvement. His image clearly stands out against the background of young people of his circle, who spend their lives and outstanding abilities in vain on the fulfillment of fleeting whims, on entertainment, on a carefree existence in luxury and idleness. Larry chose his own path and, ignoring the misunderstanding and censure of loved ones, searched for the meaning of life in hardships, wanderings and wanderings around the world. He completely surrendered himself to the spiritual principle in order to achieve enlightenment of the mind, purification of the spirit, and discover the meaning of the universe. D. London "Martin Eden" The protagonist of the novel of the same name by the American writer Jack London, Martin Eden, is a working guy, a sailor, a native of the lower classes, about 21 years old, meets Ruth Morse, a girl from a wealthy bourgeois family. Ruth begins to teach the semi-literate Martin the correct pronunciation of English words and awakens in him an interest in literature. Martin learns that magazines pay decent fees to the authors who are published in them, and firmly decides to make a career as a writer, earn money and become worthy of his new acquaintance, with whom he managed to fall in love. Martin is putting together a self-improvement program, working on his language and pronunciation, and reading a lot of books. Iron health and unbending will moves him to the goal. In the end, having gone a long and thorny path, after numerous failures and disappointments, he becomes a famous writer. (Then he becomes disillusioned with literature, his beloved, people in general and life, loses interest in everything and commits suicide. This is so, just in case. An argument in favor of the fact that the fulfillment of a dream does not always bring happiness) Scientific facts A shark, if it stops moving its fins, will go to the bottom like a stone, a bird, if it stops flapping its wings, will fall to the ground. Similarly, a person, if aspirations, desires, goals fade away in him, will collapse to the bottom of life, he will be sucked into a thick quagmire of gray everyday life. A river that stops flowing turns into a fetid swamp. Similarly, a person who stops searching, thinking, torn, loses "the soul's wonderful impulses", gradually degrades, his life becomes an aimless, miserable stagnation.
self-sacrifice
Arguments for writing
M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil" In the story of the Russian writer, prose writer and playwright Maxim Gorky "The Old Woman Fiend" the image of Danko is striking. This is a romantic hero who sacrificed himself for the sake of people. Danko was "the best of all, because a lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes." He led the people through the forest with calls to defeat the darkness. But weak people began to lose heart and die along the way. Then they accused Danko of ineptly managing them. He overcame his indignation and, in the name of his great love for people, tore his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch. People ran after him and overcame a difficult road. And then they forgot their hero. Danko is dead. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" In his work "Crime and Punishment" F.M. Dostoevsky addresses the topic of self-sacrifice for the sake of saving someone else's soul, revealing it on the example of the image of Sonechka Marmeladova. Sonya is a poor girl from a dysfunctional family who follows Raskolnikov to hard labor to share his burden and fill him with spirituality. Out of compassion and a sense of high social responsibility, Sonya goes to live “on a yellow ticket”, thus earning a living for her family. People like Sonya, who have "infinitely insatiable compassion" are still found today. (another version) Self-sacrifice, compassion, sensitivity and mercy are an ambiguous problem. This is clearly seen in the work of the great Russian playwright F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Two of his heroines, Sonechka Marmeladova and Dunya Raskolnikova, sacrifice themselves in the name of people dear to them. The first sells her own body, thus earning a living for her family. The girl suffers cruelly, is ashamed of herself and her life, but even denies herself suicide, because she understands that without her, her relatives will be lost. And the family gratefully accepts her sacrifice, practically idolizes Sonya, her self-sacrifice is for the good. The second is going to marry a low, mean, but rich man in order to help a beggar brother.
Compassion, love in the neighbor
Arguments for writing
A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" In the story "Matryonin Dvor" by the Russian writer, Nobel Prize winner in literature A.I. Solzhenitsyn is struck by the image of the peasant woman Matryona, her humanity, disinterestedness, compassion and love for everyone, even strangers. Matryona "helped strangers for free", but she herself "did not chase the equipment": she did not start "good", she did not try to get a tenant. Especially her mercy is manifested in the situation with the upper room. She allowed her house (where she had lived all her life) to be disassembled into logs for the sake of Kira's pupil, who had nowhere to live. The heroine sacrifices everything for the sake of others: the country, neighbors, relatives. And after her quiet death, there is a description of the cruel behavior of her relatives, who are simply overwhelmed by greed. Thanks to her spiritual qualities, Matryona made this world better and kinder, sacrificing herself, her life. Boris Vasilyev "My horses are flying..." In the work "My horses are flying ..." Boris Vasilyev tells the story of a wonderful person - Dr. Jansen. Out of a sense of compassion, the doctor, at the cost of his life, saved the children who fell into the sewer hole! L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Having been taken prisoner, Pierre Bezukhov met a simple soldier Platon Karataev there. Plato, despite his sufferings, lived lovingly with everyone: with the French, with his comrades. It was he who, with his mercy, helped Pierre gain faith and taught him to appreciate life. M. Sholokhov "The fate of man The story tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act shows that love and the desire to do good give a person strength for life. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" Raskolnikov, out of a sense of compassion, gives the last money for the funeral of Marmeladov.
Ingratitude of children, parental love
Arguments for writing
A. S. Pushkin "The Stationmaster" Samson Vyrin, the protagonist of the story, has a daughter, Dunya, in whom he does not care. But a passing hussar, who has laid eyes on the girl, takes her away from her father's house by deceit. When Samson finds his daughter, she is already married, well dressed, lives much better than him and does not want to return. Samson returns to his station, where he subsequently becomes an inveterate drunkard and dies. Three years later, the narrator travels through those places and sees the grave of the caretaker, and the local boy tells him that in the summer a lady with three barchats came and cried for a long time at his grave. F.M. Dostoevsky "Humiliated and Insulted" Natasha, the heroine of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Humiliated and Insulted", betrays his family by running away from home with his lover. The girl's father, Nikolai Ikhmenev, painfully perceives her departure to the son of his enemy, considering it a shame, and curses his daughter. Rejected by her father and having lost her beloved, Natasha is deeply worried - she has lost everything that was valuable in her life: her good name, honor, love and family. However, Nikolai Ikhmenev is still madly in love with his daughter, in spite of everything, and after much mental anguish, at the end of the story, he finds the strength to forgive her. In this example, we see that parental love is the strongest, most selfless and all-forgiving. D. I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" Despite the fact that Mrs. Prostakova is a rude, greedy landowner, she loves her only son Mitrofan and is ready for anything for him. But the son turns away from her at the most tragic moment. This example shows us that parents try to do everything for the benefit of their children. But children, unfortunately, cannot always appreciate and understand this. A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" The Russian writer A. S. Griboyedov did not bypass the problem of fathers and children in his work “Woe from Wit”. The comedy traces the relationship between Famusov and his daughter Sophia. Famusov, of course, loves his daughter and wishes her happiness. But he understands happiness in his own way: happiness for him is money. He teaches his daughter to think about profit and thereby commits a real crime, because Sophia can become like Molchalin, who has adopted only one principle from her father: to seek profit wherever possible. The fathers tried to teach their children about life, in their instructions they passed on to them what was most important and significant for them.
Generation conflict
Arguments for writing
I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" The novel of the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". We see the conflict of generations in the relationship between Bazarov and his parents. The main character has very conflicting feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves his parents, on the other hand, he despises the "stupid life of fathers." First of all, his convictions are alienated from Bazarov's parents. If in Arkady Kirsanov we see superficial contempt for the older generation, caused more by a desire to imitate a friend, and not coming from within, then with Bazarov everything is different. This is his position in life. With all this, we see that it was to the parents that their son Eugene was truly dear. The old Bazarovs love Yevgeny very much, and this love softens their relationship with their son, the lack of mutual understanding. She is stronger than other feelings and lives even when the main character dies.
Influence of the teacher
Arguments for writing
In the story of V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" an ordinary rural boy, hard fate and hunger force him to contact local boys and start playing for money. Having found out that the child is malnourished, and he has no other way to get the funds he needs, a young French teacher, Lidia Mikhailovna, invites the boy to study French additionally. But this is only a plausible suggestion. In reality, she seeks to somehow help a child in a difficult situation, but out of pride, he refuses to dine with his teacher, indignantly returns the package with food to her. Then she offers to play with her for money, knowing for sure that he will beat her, get his coveted ruble and buy the milk that he needs so much. She deliberately commits a crime from the point of view of pedagogy, violates all the existing rules for the sake of her student, showing genuine philanthropy and unostentatious courage. The director of the school, however, considered the game with the student a crime, seduction and dismissed Lidia Mikhailovna. Having left for her place in the Kuban, the woman did not forget the boy and sent him a parcel with food and even apples, which the boy had never tried, but had only seen in pictures.
Globalization, technical and scientific progress, their impact on man and society
Arguments for writing
E.I. Zamyatin - Russian writer of the early 19th, late 20th century "We" In the novel "We" by Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin, the main character, D-503, describes his life in the totalitarian "United State". He enthusiastically talks about the organization based on mathematics, the life of society. The author in his work warns people about the harmful effects of scientific and technological progress, about its worst sides, that scientific and technological progress will destroy morality and human feelings, since they are not amenable to scientific analysis. M.A. Bulgakov - Russian Soviet writer and playwright of the 20th century "Fatal Eggs" The problem of scientific and technological progress is reflected in M. Bulgakov's story "Fatal Eggs". Pursuing only his own goals, Professor Rokk mindlessly uses Persikov's invention and grows giant reptiles, ostriches. In this ridiculous catastrophe, Rocca Manya's wife, thousands of people and Persikov himself perish. M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" The problem of interaction between people and nature is also reflected in the literature. In M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog", Professor Preobrazhensky performs an operation to transform a dog into a human. In the work, the reader sees how the pretty dog Sharik turns into the disgusting Sharikov. “The moral of this fable is this” - you cannot interfere in the natural processes of nature without foreseeing the nature of the consequences.
The memory of the feat of soldiers
Arguments for writing
K.Simonov The poet Konstantin Simonov, who during the war years worked as a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper and was constantly in the army, writes: “Do not forget about the soldiers, Who fought with all their might, Moaned in bandages in medical battalions And so hoped for peace!” I am sure that none of those soldiers Simonov wrote about will ever be forgotten, and their feat will forever remain in the memory of posterity.
Arguments for writing
M.A. Sholokhov "The fate of man" The main character, Andrey Sokolov, fought to save his homeland and all mankind from fascism, losing relatives and comrades. He endured the most difficult trials at the front. The news of the tragic death of his wife, two daughters, and son fell upon the hero. But Andrey Sokolov is a Russian soldier of unbending will who endured everything! He found the strength in himself to accomplish not only a military, but also a moral feat, adopting a boy whose parents were taken away by the war. Soldiers in the terrible conditions of the war, remained a man under the onslaught of enemy forces and did not break. This is the real feat. It was only thanks to such people that our country won a victory in a very difficult struggle against fascism. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich, Galya Chetvertak and foreman Vaskov, the main characters of the work, showed real courage, heroism, moral endurance, fighting for the Motherland. More than once they could save their lives, it was only necessary to step back a little from their own conscience. However, the heroes were sure: you can’t retreat, you need to fight to the end: “Do not give the German a single piece ... No matter how hard, no matter how hopeless - to keep ...”. These are the words of a true patriot. All the characters of the story are shown acting, fighting, dying in the name of saving the Motherland. It was these people who forged the victory of our country in the rear, resisted the invaders in captivity and occupation, and fought at the front. Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man" Everyone knows the immortal work of Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man." The dramatic story is based on the real facts of the biography of fighter pilot Alexei Meresyev. Shot down in battle over the occupied territory, he made his way through the steppe forests for three weeks until he got to the partisans. Having lost both legs, the hero subsequently shows amazing strength of character and replenishes the account of air victories over the enemy.
Love to motherland
Arguments for writing
S. Yesenin, poem "Rus" The theme of love for the motherland permeates the work of S. Yesenin: “But most of all, Love for the native land tormented, tormented and burned me.” Desiring with all his heart to help the Fatherland in difficult times, the poet writes the poem "Rus", in which the voice of people's anger is heard. Yesenin fully reveals the theme of love for the Fatherland: “If the holy army shouts:“ Throw you Russia, live in paradise! I'll say: "Don't need paradise, Give me my homeland" A. Blok The lyrics of A. Blok are filled with a very special love for Russia. He spoke about his homeland with infinite tenderness, his poems are full of sincere hope that his fate and the fate of Russia are inseparable: “Russia, impoverished Russia, Your gray huts are for me, Your wind songs are for me, Like the first tears of love! ..” Legend There is a legend that one day the wind decided to knock down a mighty oak that grew on a hill. But the oak only bent under the blows of the wind. Then the wind asked the majestic oak: "Why can't I defeat you?" The oak replied that it was not the trunk that was holding it. Its strength lies in the fact that it has grown into the earth, holding on to it with its roots. This ingenuous story expresses the idea that love for the motherland, a deep connection with national history, with the cultural experience of their ancestors makes the people invincible. Blok, "To sin shamelessly, soundly" In the lines of the poem, Russian everyday life is traced, reflecting the stupidity and inertness of its social system. The main idea is contained in the lines: Yes, and such, my Russia, You are dearer to me than all. What a strong feeling for the native land the poet has! He believes that a true patriot should love Russia as it is. Despite the imperfection of their country, its troubles and difficulties, everyone needs to have bright feelings for her. This example of sincere and selfless love for the Motherland may help someone to look at their father's house in a different way.
The problem of preserving the culture of the Russian language (the problem of clogging the language) - ready-made arguments
Possible theses:
- "Great and mighty" changes are necessary, despite the fact that it brings people inconvenience
- The change in the Russian language has a particularly painful effect on the lives of the older generation.
- Due to the appearance of new words in the language, it may be difficult to understand the interlocutor
- The Russian language is not in danger of dying, it is so flexible that it can adapt to any changes.
- Indeed, we cannot do without borrowed words, however, their excessive use greatly complicates the understanding of the text (speech)
- Using buzzwords, people clog up their speech, which makes it difficult to communicate between people.
- Excessive use of borrowed words clutters speech
In the book The Russian Language on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Maxim Krongauz says that our world is changing and therefore the emergence of new words, even borrowed ones, is a normal phenomenon. If the language does not change, it will cease to perform its functions. The linguist gives an interesting example: global warming has led to the fact that the Eskimos did not have enough words in the language to give names to animals moving to the polar regions of the globe.
M. Krongauz popular science book "Russian language on the verge of a nervous breakdown"
In the book The Russian Language on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Maxim Krongauz came to the conclusion that significant changes in our language are mainly of concern to the older generation. There are too many new words, and they blur the boundaries of the literary language, which frightens and annoys people who are used to this language.
M. Krongauz popular science book "Russian language on the verge of a nervous breakdown"
M. Krongauz did not bypass this problem either. The linguist believes that concerns about the Russian language are groundless, but at the same time he notes that its rapid changes make it difficult for people to communicate, especially if they belong to different generations.
M. Krongauz popular science book "Russian language on the verge of a nervous breakdown"
The linguist M. Krongauz does not see a threat to the Russian language, reading that it is not afraid of either the flow of borrowings and jargon, or the changes that take place in it. The Russian language will “digest” all this, preserving something, discarding something, develop new norms, and stability will come in place of chaos.
A. Knyshev "On the air of news"
A. Knyshev does not hide his ironic attitude to the topic under discussion. Using the example of the story “On the air of news”, where the news anchor uses mostly borrowed words, which makes his speech extremely incomprehensible, he shows what will happen to the Russian language if we oversaturate it with “foreign words”.
A. Knyshev "On the air of news"
In a short story, A. Knyshev ridicules people who use mostly borrowed words to demonstrate their “modernity”. Using the example of a news anchor, whose monologue is difficult to read and almost impossible to understand, the satirist writer shows how ridiculous the speech of a person who runs after the fashion for words sounds.
A. Knyshev "On the air of news"
In A. Knyshev's story “On the air of news”, the host of the program cannot be understood, since his speech is oversaturated with borrowed words. Of course, by drawing the image of a modern speaker, the writer deliberately exaggerates, nevertheless, the humorous text once again proves that it is more difficult for people to understand the speaker if he uses too many borrowed words.
Real life example
The emergence of new, including borrowed, words is necessary. “Computer”, “smartphone”, “slow cooker” alarmed and confused people, but today we use these words more often than the original Russian “well” or “kalach”. It is even more difficult to imagine that once “car” and “TV” were incomprehensible to Russians, not to mention “potatoes”. The world is changing and language has to adapt so that people can understand each other.
- The Russian language is our common property that needs to be protected
- For the most part, people have forgotten about the value of their native language.
- Internet communication is a serious test for the Russian language
- Love for one's language is manifested in the careful handling of words, the study of the rules of the language and the features of their application.
- The distortion of words negatively affects the development of the Russian language and the preservation of its charms
- You can tell a lot about a person by how they feel about their language.
Arguments
T. Tolstaya "Kys". By their irresponsibility, people have caused great damage to the language. Its former beauty and melodiousness has been lost, because everyone just “throws” words, not thinking about the consequences. Wrong pronunciation of words destroys the beauty of the language. The work encourages thinking about the consequences of such an attitude to the language. After reading the book, I want to protect, preserve my native language, eliminating slang and jargon.
D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful." Reflecting on the richness of the Russian language and the attitude of people towards it, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev says that the language allows you to evaluate a person at the first meeting with him. Language makes it possible to learn about someone's attitude to the world around them and to themselves. A smart, educated, intelligent person will not unnecessarily speak too loudly, emotionally, use inappropriate and ugly words. It is not easy to learn beautiful, intelligent, competent speech. You need to learn to speak, because speech is the basis of human behavior, something by which you can judge him in the first place. These thoughts of Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev are very accurate. They are relevant now and will be just as true many years later.
I.S. Turgenev "Russian language". The lines of this poem in prose are known to everyone since school. It is amazing how accurately the writer assessed the strength and power of the Russian language in just a few lines. For I.S. Turgenev's native language is "support and support." The whole poem, however small, is filled with a sense of pride. The writer appreciates the Russian language.
V.G. Korolenko "Without language". The author claims that without language, each of us is “like a blind or small child.” People who do not know how to write and speak competently and beautifully clog speech, thereby causing irreparable damage to the language. Native speech should not only be appreciated, but also protected and tried to be preserved. The future of the Russian language depends only on the person.
- Heartlessness manifests itself even in relation to very close people.
- Greed often leads to callousness and dishonorable acts
- The spiritual callousness of a person complicates his life in society.
- The reasons for a heartless attitude towards others lie in education.
- The problem of heartlessness, spiritual callousness can be characteristic not only of an individual, but of society as a whole.
- Difficult life circumstances can make a person heartless
- Often spiritual callousness is manifested in relation to moral, worthy people.
- A man admits that he was heartless when nothing can be fixed
- Mental callousness does not make a person truly happy.
- The consequences of a callous attitude towards people are often irreversible.
Arguments
A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". The conflict between Andrei Dubrovsky and Kirill Petrovich Troekurov ended tragically due to callousness and heartlessness on the part of the latter. The words spoken by Dubrovsky, although they were offensive to Troekurov, were definitely not worth the abuse, dishonest trial and death of the hero. Kirilla Petrovich did not spare his friend, although in the past they had a lot of good things in common. The landlord was driven by heartlessness, a desire for revenge, which led to the death of Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. The consequences of what happened were terrible: officials were burned, people were left without their real master, Vladimir Dubrovsky became a robber. The manifestation of spiritual callousness of just one person made the lives of many people miserable.
A.S. Pushkin "The Queen of Spades". Act heartlessly Hermann, the main character of the work, makes the desire to get rich. To achieve his goal, he presents himself as a fan of Lizaveta, although in fact he does not have feelings for her. He gives the girl false hopes. Penetrating into the countess's house with the help of Lizaveta, Hermann asks the old woman to tell him the secret of the three cards, and after her refusal he takes out an unloaded pistol. Graphia, very frightened, dies. The late old woman comes to him a few days later and reveals the secret on the condition that Hermann does not bet more than one card per day, in the future he will not play at all and marries Lizaveta. But the hero does not expect a happy future: his heartless deeds serve as a pretext for retribution. After two wins, Hermann loses, which drives him crazy.
M. Gorky "At the bottom". Vasilisa Kostyleva does not feel any feelings for her husband, except for hatred and complete indifference. Wanting to inherit at least a small fortune, she very easily decides to persuade the thief Vaska Pepel to kill her husband. It's hard to imagine how heartless a person would have to be to come up with such a plan. The fact that Vasilisa was not married out of love does not in the least justify her act. A person must remain a person in any situation.
I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco". The theme of the death of human civilization is one of the main ones in this work. The manifestation of the spiritual degradation of people lies, among other things, in their spiritual callousness, heartlessness, indifference towards each other. The sudden death of the San Francisco Gentleman evokes not pity, but disgust. During his life, he is loved because of the money, and after death, he is heartlessly removed to the worst room so as not to spoil the reputation of the institution. A person who died in a foreign country cannot even be made a normal coffin. People have lost true spiritual values, which were replaced by a thirst for material gain.
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". A life full of deeds and events captivates Nastya so much that she forgets about the only person truly close to her - old mother Katerina Petrovna. The girl, receiving letters from her, is also glad that her mother is alive, but she doesn’t think about more. Even a telegram from Tikhon about the poor condition of Katerina Petrovna Nastya does not immediately read and perceive: at first she does not understand at all who she is talking about. Later, the girl realizes how heartless her attitude towards her loved one was. Nastya goes to Katerina Petrovna, but does not find her alive. She feels guilty before her mother, who loved her so much.
A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona Dvor". Matryona is a person you rarely meet. Without thinking about herself, she never refused to help strangers, she treated everyone with kindness and sympathy. People did not answer her the same. After the tragic death of Matryona, Thaddeus thought only about how to win back part of the hut. Almost all relatives came to cry over the coffin of a woman only for duty. They did not remember Matryona during her lifetime, but after her death they began to claim the inheritance. This situation shows how callous and indifferent human souls have become.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The heartlessness of Rodion Raskolnikov expressed his desire to test his terrible theory. Having killed the old pawnbroker, he tried to find out to whom he refers: to “trembling creatures” or “having the right”. The hero failed to maintain composure, to accept what he had done as correct, which means that absolute spiritual callousness is not characteristic of him. The spiritual resurrection of Rodion Raskolnikov confirms that a person has a chance for correction.
Y. Yakovlev “He killed my dog”. The boy, showing compassion and mercy, brings a homeless dog to his apartment. His father does not like this: the man demands to drive the animal back into the street. The hero cannot do this, because "she was already kicked out." The father, acting absolutely indifferent and indifferent, calls the dog to him and shoots him in the ear. The child cannot understand why an innocent animal was killed. Together with the dog, the father kills the child's faith in the justice of this world.
ON THE. Nekrasov "Reflections at the front door". The poem depicts the harsh reality of that time. The life of ordinary peasants and officials who spend their lives only in pleasures are contrasted. High-ranking people are heartless because they are indifferent to the problems of ordinary people. And for an ordinary person, the decision of an official of even the most insignificant issue can be a salvation.
V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow". Lena Bessoltseva voluntarily took responsibility for a very bad deed, to which she had nothing to do. Because of this, she was forced to endure humiliation and bullying from her classmates. One of the most difficult was the test of loneliness for the girl, because it is difficult to be an outcast at any age, and even more so in childhood. The boy who had actually committed this act did not muster up the courage to confess. The two classmates who learned the truth also decided not to interfere in the situation. The indifference and heartlessness of others made a person suffer.
