Business plan sample ready. Ready-made business plan with calculations using the example of a web studio

And when you find attractive, you only get halfway through studying it in detail? Next comes the impossible for you?

Most likely, you have difficulties with a business plan. Either with its writing, or with an understanding of what it is and what it is for. Actually, there is nothing special about this problem. For entrepreneurs of various levels of training, experienced or beginners, with a specialized economic education, or those who have a peculiar talent for a particular type of activity, writing business plans can be difficult. And it's not just the lack of skill or specific knowledge of how it's done. The main difficulty is in understanding what it is in principle.

Do you need a business plan for an aspiring entrepreneur?

Often, those who are just embarking on the path of entrepreneurship and creating their own project from scratch, there is a strong opinion that writing a business plan can be postponed “for later”, to do this only when such a document is required for taking a loan or other purposes. That is, it is considered a kind of "obligation" for situations of communication with banks and investors. And if the task of obtaining a loan is not worth it right now, then the business plan can wait.

Such an opinion is fundamentally erroneous, it deprives a novice entrepreneur of the opportunity to see the prospects of his project and does not allow him to comprehensively assess its potential risks, even if this is a “simple” enterprise. This approach is fraught with trouble in the future and, accordingly, can lead to the death of the entire project.

Having a business plan will not only allow you to see the whole picture, it solves a number of problems for the owner or someone who is trying to realize the idea. He shows:

• prospects and potential of the project;
• possible "thin places";
• in what direction it is necessary to move for development;
• how much time and money will be needed to implement the idea and promote it.

And, most importantly, a business plan is able to suggest that the project is not viable or unprofitable. That is, he will not let you make a mistake and waste time and savings.

Order a business plan or write it yourself?

There is another approach that is now in vogue among entrepreneurs of the “middle hand”. By the way, they are sometimes “sinned” by established businessmen, owners of large dynamically developing and profitable enterprises. They order the preparation of business plans for specialized companies that practice this type of service. The option is, of course, acceptable. But often the customer receives a voluminous document of one hundred pages, which absolutely does not reflect the features of his business, incomprehensible and too general.

Naturally, some calculations of a specific nature, market research, forecasting can be entrusted to a third-party company, where this will be done on a professional basis. However, only the owner of a business or a person who knows it from the inside is able to fully and comprehensively describe it, analyze prospects and possible problems, and also show it in a profitable way for obtaining investments. He will be able to do this so specifically and with reference to the company that it will immediately be clear what kind of business he is talking about, what his real potential and “problem areas” are, what can be done to minimize them, and the like. It is this format that attracts investors the most.

What is a business plan in essence?

This document is necessary for understanding the goals, objectives, direction of development and the required costs for the creation and development of any project, from, to a global one, where it is planned to organize a federal network of retail hypermarkets. It is worth considering that a business plan has several varieties, which directly depend on who it is intended for:

• drawn up for internal use or for yourself, in the case of a preliminary assessment of your own business idea;
• directed at an external user or "assessor" of the project.

The second option is about obtaining funding. Here the business plan is written for:

• credit organizations and banks in order to obtain loans;
• state structures and officials, on whom the allocation of funds from the budget depends, what can be obtained for business development;
• potential investors who may be interested in investing in the idea;
• various foundations and organizations that issue grants.

In the first option, special attention should be paid to the analysis of potential risks and threats for the development of the project. In the second, there must be a presentation component showing prospects and competitive advantages. Also important here is the design of the document, the presence of all standard subsections, financial calculations and applications with visual materials (graphs, tables, etc.)

Advice: when writing a business plan in any version, in no case should you embellish reality. It is worth remembering that the implementation of a project may require twice as much money and three times as much time as it was originally thought. An idea presented in the vein of “everything is great and there are no threats” will only cause irritation and indignation in the potential investor at the illiteracy of the entrepreneur who compiled such a document. For the project initiator himself, this is fraught with a one-sided vision, which in the future can lead to negative consequences.

How to write a business plan: step by step instructions

Each project, whether it's an idea or an online gift store, must have its own "face", features, specifics. In addition, they differ by regional affiliation, nuances of the range of goods or services, and the audience of customers for which they are designed. It is impossible to “squeeze” all of them into any standard scheme.

Advice: do not download a ready-made business plan from the Internet, even suitable for the type of activity, in order to use it for yourself. You can take a few of those offered on specialized resources and, having carefully analyzed them, taking them as a basis, write your own, original and fully consistent with your project.

This document should fully answer three main questions:

• what do i want to achieve?
• how do i plan to do it?
• what do I need for this?

If any of these points is not fully disclosed, an indistinct answer is given, there are understatements - the document needs to be improved, it is not effective.

A business plan has several mandatory sections:

• title (name, address, contacts, table of contents);
• introduction (short description and summary);
• marketing part (analysis of the market and its prospects in relation to the project, potential threats and risks, as well as the tools that will be used to deal with them);
• review of the market and competitors;
• project executors and possible partners;
• business model or calculation of income and costs;
• financial forecast and existing indicators (for existing projects);
• threats and risks for the development of the project (all possible) and scenarios for overcoming them;
• calculation of the use of funds for launch, development or modernization, as well as sources of income;
• applications (this includes all key documents, as well as materials that help you understand your idea to the end).

Please note that a business plan aimed at an external user cannot be too short or without any of these sections. As a rule, its volume is 30-40 sheets. In the “for yourself” version, some items can be excluded.

If some sections are clear to almost every novice entrepreneur, then there are those that can cause considerable difficulties.

Particular attention should be paid to the first two or three pages that come after the title, the so-called introduction. This is the main thing that will allow you to present your idea to both investors and the business owner himself. Some experts recommend writing the introduction at the very end, after everything has been analyzed, calculated, and presented in facts and figures. But there is another opinion. Start with the introduction section. And it is more correct in cases with novice entrepreneurs who are just creating their own project from scratch. It is when writing an introduction, a summary of one’s future or a business that is just getting on its feet, that its owner or initiator can understand what prospects his idea has, what risks it has, whether it has a profit potential, what can result, how much investment will be required And is there any prospect of finding this money. Naturally, the initial version can be edited and made as necessary to interest a potential investor if the business plan is written for this purpose. But you need to start the document from this chapter. It will give an understanding and a complete picture.

What you need to cover in the introduction for a newly created project:

• what type of activity you plan to engage in;
• what is your target audience (future customers);
• how much money is needed to launch and further implement the project;
• Where will the funds come from?
• what is the planned revenue for the first six months / year of work (depending on the specifics of the project);
• the main estimated financial indicators (its profitability, income, profit);
• form (organizational and legal), the number of involved employees, partners.

For an ongoing business, this section should be written with existing data and metrics in mind.

How to write a business plan for a small business yourself: a sample of the main sections

A standard business plan consists of several main sections that display various aspects of the project. The financial part, as it were, sums up everything that has been stated earlier. It is in the descriptive chapters that we present our idea, give it a comprehensive analysis and show what ways and tools we plan to implement it.

Marketing part

Many novice businessmen and even those who already have some experience have serious difficulties in writing a section on marketing. It is not entirely clear what should be in it and where to get data on a comparative market analysis. Questions that need to be reflected in this part of the document:

1. What product or groups or services do you plan to focus on?. Here it is necessary to dwell on the following points:
   • where the product is used;
   • What customer needs will you satisfy?
   • what are the advantages of your product and why it will be in demand;
   • Which customer groups are you targeting?
   • how you will convey your product / service to the buyer;
   • what are the disadvantages of your product, and how do you plan to minimize them;
   • your USP or unique selling proposition.

The last point needs to be considered in more detail. It should be borne in mind that there are practically no truly unique products today. Rather, they exist, but they are few. In addition, an innovative idea, which is simply not yet on the market, requires money, time and knowledge to develop. A success story can be written not only with the new iPhone, like the legendary Steve Jobs. Taking an already existing product, service or product as a basis, and adding your unique selling proposition to it, you can conquer the market. What may be the USP:

• in service;
• as a service and its diversity;
• in the loyalty system;
• in sales format.

That is, this is not necessarily the uniqueness of the product itself, on the contrary, most often the USP is created precisely on a “near-commodity” basis. If you perceive this concept as a lower price than competitors, then you are mistaken. For example, you decide to build your business in the field of agriculture and engage in. Planning to conquer the market by underestimating the price and putting a figure much lower than that of competitors is fundamentally wrong. Thus, you can systematically lose profits and become a loss-making enterprise. In addition, dumping is not always expedient in terms of fighting for the client. This may cause the buyer to doubt the quality of the product. It is much more efficient to find “your” consumer and organize such an accompanying service for him that your pricing policy, where the cost of the goods will be the average market price or even higher, will look justified for him.

Advice: When developing your own unique selling proposition, proceed from the premise that you can give your buyer something that your competitors do not have. There are a huge number of quite successful businesses that are built on this principle. This may be the concept of selecting an assortment for a store, focusing on a specific target audience of customers, quality or environmental friendliness of products, and much more. The main thing is not only to develop and formulate a USP, but also to think over tools that can convey it to the consumer.

1. What is your market. This part of the marketing section should describe:
   • which segment of the market you want to cover in terms of geographic location;
   • What type of buyer are you targeting?

This section can be difficult for a novice entrepreneur who does not have a successful sales record in the past. This should be based on reasonable assumptions and analysis of the work of competitors. It is also worth looking at information about projects similar to yours and ways to implement them.

When determining the type of your client or drawing his portrait, you need to consider the following:

• gender, age and marital status;
• place of residence;
• social status and income level;
• occupation and hobbies.

Having created a kind of collective image of the target audience for your product, you can start counting the number of future customers. To do this, you need to take the geography of coverage and the estimated number of residents that fit the profile of the target audience.

To determine the potential volumes of consumption of your product, you should take into account the regularity and frequency of demand for them (naturally, what is bought daily and what is purchased once every five years will be radically different both in the format of the offer and in the algorithm of promotion to the market, and many other aspects). It is also necessary to take into account fluctuations in demand (seasonality, changes in the solvency of consumers, fashion trends, rivalry within the product group between analogues, and the like, which is characteristic of your product).

1. This section of the business plan also includes competitor analysis. The description algorithm can be built on:
   • listing companies that operate in your segment;
   • what are the distinguishing characteristics of their services/products;
   • the ways they use to promote their products;
   • their pricing policy;
   • nuances of how their business develops.

Particular attention should be paid to competitors closest in geography and assortment.

It also requires you to specify in what ways you will realize your benefits. This moment needs to be devoted to a separate, albeit small, subsection. It may include answers to the following questions:

• how do you plan to organize sales;
• what will you do to inform customers about your entry into the market;
• what ad format you will choose (or do without this tool);
• How will you shape your pricing policy?

In the final part of the marketing section of the business plan, it is worth giving a preliminary forecast of sales for any period. As a rule, it is better to take a year with a monthly or quarterly breakdown.

Advice: a fairly common mistake novice entrepreneurs make is that they overload this part of the business plan with too many details and details. This is understandable, they want to thoroughly describe their actions that will lead them to success, and this will prove to a potential investor that their project is promising. You don't need to do this. For greater persuasiveness, you can use applications - diagrams, diagrams, graphs that visualize and clearly show your potential. The very essence of the marketing part of the business plan is better to state on 2-3 sheets.

Production part

Do not confuse it with the production process, thinking that if you are engaged in trade or provide services, then you will not need this section, this is not true. Here you will find all the information about a particular project. To do this, you need to answer the following questions:

• what technologies, formats and methods of project implementation will be used;
• what production facilities will be used (office, retail space, equipment, storage areas, vehicles, raw materials, goods, materials and other things that are important for the project);
• who will be involved (and whether) as employees, partners, suppliers, etc.).

As a kind of result, you can attach a brief estimate showing the expenditure side. It is better to do it in dynamics, broken down into periods (month/quarter).

The estimate must be drawn up in the form of a table, where the following columns may be present:

• purchase of fixed assets;
• purchase of raw materials and supplies;
• the cost of rent, maintenance of premises and utility bills;
• expenses for the purchase of auxiliary consumables;
• wage fund;
• other current expenses, which include payment for communication services, representation, travel expenses and more.

Advice: for projects with different specifics, the cost graphs and figures will be very different. Keep this in mind when writing your business plan and don't take averages from the internet. In addition, you should not focus on the minimum. Even in the case when you have found a room for your future store with a very profitable lease, almost half as low as anywhere else in the city, do not take this figure as a basis for calculating a business plan. It can change for any reason in a big way. Therefore, the data of your business plan will become irrelevant, and it will turn from a guide to action into one that will be misleading.

Organizational part

This section should indicate which organizational and legal form is chosen for the implementation of the project, why, whether changes are planned in the future. It is also necessary to touch on permits. Here you should dwell on the need for licenses and how you plan to issue them, on obtaining certificates of conformity and hygienic conclusions (if necessary), on how you will be approved in inspections of various formats to obtain permits for activities.

In addition, this part describes:

• composition of project managers;
• experience in the field of the initiator or involved persons;
• what kind of professional support do you expect and what are its sources.

You can add profiles of managers/initiator to the applications section, where you can reflect in more detail professional experience and specialized knowledge.

Financing or how to calculate a business plan

In this part of the document, it is necessary to provide a rationale for the fact that the project will be profitable, as well as determine the amount of investments, the period for reaching the break-even point and further prospects for repayment of the initial capital or borrowed funds.

In fact, it has already been written, you just need to take the necessary numbers from the previous sections and enter them here, filling them out correctly.

Here it is necessary to highlight:

• Project funding sources. These can be personal funds (investments), borrowed or credited funds, government subsidies or other forms, such as leasing.
• Initial stage of project implementation. At this point, it is necessary to make a forecast of the period required for organizing a business, that is, until it starts working.
• Stage before receiving the first profits. Here it is required to conduct a rationale for attracting funds and when they will begin to return. The point is necessary not only for obtaining loans or loans, but also for understanding whether it is worth investing your own funds in the project.
• Chosen system of taxation. Here it is worth considering that the amount and list of deductions will depend on what organizational and legal status you prefer for the implementation of your project. For individual entrepreneurs, there are some "indulgences" in this regard. By the way, they also differ in favor of simplification for the second format.

The same section includes the calculation of indicators and the plan of expected profits / losses. There is no need to be afraid of the term “losses” right away. The fact is that the initial stage and the period of business formation rarely pass without the need to attract additional funds or investments. Naturally, they are defined as losses, because they are not yet repaid by the profit from the project.

The form in which figures and data will be shown depends on the nature of the project, the status of the enterprise (LLC, IP) and the chosen taxation system. In its simplest expression, it may contain:

• costs of organizing a business (registration of an enterprise, purchase of equipment, materials, product range, arrangement of premises or a site for conducting activities, purchase of a license, etc.);
• fixed costs (payment of rent, utilities, salaries, etc., that is, those that do not change depending on fluctuations in sales or production volumes);
• variable costs (acquisition of consumables, transport, communications, payment to third parties or individuals for one-time work, piecework wages, that is, those that directly depend on sales or production volumes);
• income from the sale of goods / services and net profit.

The last indicator is quite easy to calculate. It is necessary to subtract from the revenue side all variable costs per unit of goods or for a certain period, as well as that part of the fixed costs that falls on the calculation period taken as the base (month, quarter).

As a result of this part of the business plan section, the profitability of the entire project is calculated. You can take as a basis the indicator of return on investment (investments of personal savings, loans, credits). As an example, a calculation scheme is given by which you can determine the efficiency and profitability of your own investments:

RR (Return on Personal Equity) is equal to NP (Net Profit) divided by the amount of RC multiplied by 100%. The payback period should be understood as the period of time for which the net profit received by the investor will cover all initial investments.

Risk assessment

This is the final section of the business plan. Here, a description and analysis of the most likely risks to which the implementation of the project may be exposed is carried out. Among them:

• natural disasters, fires, floods, accidents that can damage equipment, premises, etc.;
• illegal actions, including theft, embezzlement;
• actions of state institutions, federal and local authorities;
• economic factors, decline in production and consumption, inflation;
• non-fulfillment of obligations by partners and suppliers.

Alternatively, here you can use the pessimistic scenario from the introduction.

In this part, you need to analyze the resilience of your business and your willingness to overcome risks.

How to write a business plan for agriculture yourself?

Actually, all the main sections of a document drawn up for a business in the field of agriculture differ little from the standard for any enterprise. Its features are that for this type of activity there is a special organizational and legal form of a peasant farm (peasant farm). There is a simplified registration procedure and a specialized taxation system.

When drawing up a business plan for an agricultural project, the following points should be considered:

• business seasonality;
• dependence on weather conditions;
• the level of crop yields for a particular region (if your direction is crop production);
• marketing system and logistics.

The last point needs to be given serious attention. When writing a business plan for obtaining government subsidies or grants, as well as loans from credit organizations, this issue needs to be covered in detail. The fact is that the investor is not interested in production for the sake of production, he is looking for potential profit.

And for agricultural enterprises, it is logistics and marketing that often pose a problem, so part of the grown crop or other goods does not reach the consumer, becoming unusable and incurring direct losses instead of potential profit. If your business plan reflects how you plan to build the sale and delivery of products, moreover, confirmed by agreements of intent, preliminary agreements, then the investor's attitude will be much more loyal.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, their forecast and methods by which they can be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should the project be financed or should it be thrown into the trash?”.

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account certain procedures and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper simplifies the perception of the idea by the investor.

Self-drawing up a business plan

Drawing up a business plan yourself is not so difficult, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab onto the calculator and calculate income, you need to take a few steps.

1. Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea that has arisen. If the number of "minuses" rolls over - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "cons".
2. Competitiveness and market stability are important characteristics.
3. The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
4. The payback of the product (service) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine the (approximately) required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you do not want to abandon your brainchild, then it's time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.

It's important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of the items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in compiling such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

• name of the project;
• the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
• head of the above organization;
• developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
• date of preparation of the document;
• it is allowed to place on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the awareness of the reader that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating the document, transferring it to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "Main idea of ​​the project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief Summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a result. A summary is an abbreviated description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, by answering which you can get a great resume:

1. What product is the company planning to sell?
2. Who wants to buy this product?
3. What is the planned volume of sales (production) for the first year of the company? What will be the revenue from this?
4. What is the total cost of the project?
5. How will the enterprise be formed according to the organizational and legal form?
6. How many workers are planned to attract?
7. What is the required amount of capital investments for the implementation of the project?
8. What are the sources of funding for this project?
9. How much will be the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, payback period, amount of cash at the end of the first year of the enterprise, profitability. net discounted income.

It's important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of ​​the project

1. What is the main design goal?
2. What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
3. Are there any barriers to the goal and how to get around them?
4. What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve results and achieve the goal as soon as possible? What are these timelines?

Important! It is necessary to give clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most completely without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 sides that affect the life of the organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe the enterprise, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they start writing product characteristics in the “strength” column.

Here are some parameters that can be used to describe strengths or weaknesses:

• high-tech production;
• service and after-sales service;
• multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
• level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
• the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:

• market growth rates;
• the level of competition;
• political situation in the region, country;
• features of legislation;
• features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry in the market

• dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
• growth rate of the market industry;
• trends and features of pricing;
• exhaustive assessment of competitors;
• search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as a description of their activities;
• description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
• assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
• prospects for development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for the release of "public", the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section are:

• primary goals;
• description of the target consumer segment;
• key performance factors for market success;
• a detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
• stage of product development (if production is launched), patent and author's purity;
• characteristics of the organization;
• the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule for the periods and amounts of investments;
• the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.

Marketing plan

Here the tasks, goals of the marketing policy and methods for their solution and achievement are indicated. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of successive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effectively return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

• a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
• the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
• ways to improve products;
• description of product packaging and pricing policy;
• procurement and marketing system;
• advertising strategy - clearly articulated and understandable;
• service planning;
• control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything related directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production.

Points to be noted:

• required production capacity;
• detailed interpretation of the technological process;
• a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
• the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
• subcontractors;
• required area for production;
• raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still mandatory: it determines the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals. The organizational part must necessarily contain the following data:

• name of the organizational and legal form (IP, OJSC, partnership and others);
• an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a scheme, regulations and instructions, communications and dependencies of departments;
• founders, their description and data;
• management team;
• interaction with staff;
• supplying the control system with the necessary material and technical resources;
• company location.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive to him.

Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize them:

Risk Analysis

In a risk analysis, the author must investigate the project and discover potential threats that could lead to a decrease in revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan should include:

• a list of all potential problems;
• a set of methods and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
• models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
• substantiation of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotations, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistics, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. Attachments in the text of the business plan are required to insert links and footnotes.

General document requirements

• write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
• the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
• the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
• the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
• the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
• interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
• the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
• The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project is a nice bonus for the investor;
• conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

• Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IPs. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage the desire of any investor.

• Careless design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on graphs are required!

• incomplete plan

To properly write a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

• vague plan

Work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, specific, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.

• Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it in an application.

• Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a reasonable background, a real reason supported by calculations.

• Few facts

For each assumption - its justification - real, valid. Facts give the work meaning and confidence. The fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about the details.

• "We have no risks!"

Rule of thumb: no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth surface." The investor knows this, and the author should also know this. Therefore, it's time to descend from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.

• “And we have no competitors either!”

The competitor, as well as the risk, is always there. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and an opponent will definitely appear on the horizon, waving your pen.

• Neglect of outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!

How to write a business plan correctly? We share recommendations, convenient ways, samples and calculations.

Business plan is the document from which the implementation must begin. If you do not first calculate expenses and incomes, do not take into account demand and the presence of already working competitors, you can waste your budget. In our article, you will find a sample business plan with calculations and learn how to prepare it for yourself.

But when the development of a business plan for a small business is needed specifically for investors, guarantors, creditors, then the document must comply with the requirements of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business. You can learn how to draw up a business plan in accordance with these requirements from, and consider a brief structure of the plan here.

The structure of the business plan from the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business:

If you follow all the recommendations of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business, then it is quite difficult to draw up your own business plan on your own. But there is another way to calculate the prospects for your project - using the SME Business Navigator.

How to write a business plan yourself

If you decide to open such a store, you will need to find the missing amount of 1.7 million rubles. Of course, you can take out a loan, especially since Business Navigator offers you to choose one of the partner banks. However, we should not forget that such interest-bearing borrowed funds increase the cost of the project and extend its payback period. We need to weigh carefully whether it is worth it.

If you do not want to attract additional funds to the project, especially borrowed funds, the navigator will offer you to select the type of business by the amount of investment. We go to the appropriate tab and see an extensive list of projects that you can start using only your own funds. It remains only to choose a few areas of interest to you and calculate their payback.

Now you know how to make a business plan with calculations for a small business in a specific situation. On the Internet you will find many more methods for writing and compiling business plans, samples for different businesses (coffee shop, car service, beauty salon, etc.). But remember - you need a business plan for your specific business, individual, and no one has written one for you yet. Here in this video briefly and succinctly “on the fingers of a milling machine” it is told how to do this:

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Investment amount

From 2 800 000 rubles.

Every person uses household chemicals every day. The demand for it does not depend on the season and the state of the economy. Therefore, the likelihood that the funds invested in the business will not justify itself is minimal. With the right approach, a household chemicals store will regularly make a profit. In order for a business to develop successfully, an entrepreneur needs to take into account many organizational issues.

In many regions, the composition of drinking water, due to the climate, soil composition and technogenic factors, is often oversaturated with salts and microelements. Excessive consumption of fluorine, iron, particles of limestone deposits, chlorine, nitrites, cadmium and others negatively affects the state of the body.

From 300 000 rubles

Chinchilla is a small herbivorous rodent with thick and soft fur. It is easy to have such an animal as a pet. It is unpretentious in food and maintenance, and life expectancy in captivity is on average 10-12 years. Exotic rodents are able to bring the owner not only positive emotions, but also a good income.

From 160 000 rubles.

The implementation of hot corn is a good thing, which, with great effort and a competent approach to creating and placing a point, will bring considerable profit. Previously, it was sold in carts that were transported along the beaches and offered in resort towns. Now cobs and grains are very popular. The delicacy trade will bring even more profit if you grow a delicious vegetable yourself.

From 100 000 rubles

How can you earn money if you live in your country house? There are many answers, but I like one of them more because it is in demand. It will be about growing flower seedlings for sale. You can also grow vegetable seedlings, only if you have more than one small greenhouse. In this article, we will try to figure out how to properly grow seedlings for sale, as well as calculate the costs and income from this type of activity, subject to the use of our own greenhouse with a total area of ​​60m2.

From 500 000 rubles

Sooner or later, at least once in a lifetime, every person thinks about creating and developing their own business. We suggest you consider such an option as the production of napkins and toilet paper. They are present in every apartment and are consumed quickly enough, and therefore are sold in large quantities. The manufacture and sale of napkins is one of the promising areas of business; this product can be sold to a huge number of companies and stores.

From 1,067,000 rubles

The business idea for organizing a gym is not new and it does not lose its relevance to this day. The demand for the services of gyms, dance schools, fitness centers and yoga studios is increasing every year. A beautiful body and keeping yourself in good shape has been important for people at all times, and has only intensified recently.

Household goods, household chemicals, personal hygiene products are those goods in which the population of cities and villages has a constant need. How to open a household goods store from scratch, choosing a form of ownership, where to find suppliers, how to choose the right assortment and many other issues will be discussed in this article.

Foam rubber production is a profitable business idea. The resulting raw materials are sold for the needs of the furniture market, the production of sports equipment, protective packaging, footwear and soft toys. Foam rubber is made by foaming liquid polyurethane. The material is 90% air, but has great elasticity. This quality of foam rubber allows it to be used in various industries.

The disposable tableware business can be classified as a promising area with a high level of profitability. Every year, the population's demand for these products is only increasing, and this trend is likely to continue for a long time.

Shrimp farming is quite a promising business idea for our country. With a competent approach, even a small business can bring its owners a fairly large income. According to experts, the shrimp business can become profitable in the first year. The Russian consumer managed to appreciate the taste and health benefits of these crustaceans.

From 800 000 rubles

The manufacture of modern window systems is one of the most promising areas of modern production. But to open your own business, you need to be absolutely sure of the final result. Therefore, it is important to calculate each line of expenses and possible income. A well-written business plan for the production of plastic windows will help with this.

From 23 400 000 rubles.

The branch of beef cattle breeding and poultry farming in Russia is actively developing. However, not every enterprise or farm has its own slaughterhouse in its arsenal, and the technical regulation of the Customs Union “On the safety of meat and meat products”, which came into force on May 1, 2014, establishes mandatory safety requirements for slaughter products and meat products.

“I earn too little to afford bad shoes” - for sure, at least once you have heard a similar phrase from relatives, friends or colleagues. Indeed, in addition to practical, shoes, their appearance, quality play a huge role in our lives. It is often comparable to a litmus test, which determines our property, social status, aesthetic preferences, tells about the habits and lifestyle of a person.

From 403 000 rubles.

Many of us have heard such a phrase - anticafe. What is anticafe? This is a cafe, only with a peculiar social bias. Anticafe is a social institution designed for a pleasant pastime, creative meetings, friendly conversations in a cozy atmosphere, lectures, master classes and coworking.

From 500 000 rubles

Feed mixtures for pets such as cats and dogs became popular in Russia just over 10 years ago. Prior to this, feed was produced and sold for animals raised in rural areas for the production of milk, wool or for slaughter. The production of animal feed is a very profitable business.

From 70 400 000 rubles.

One of the interesting and popular production options that will remain relevant for many years is the production of polyethylene film. There are also risks in the form of mass abandonment of these products in favor of biodegradable materials, however, a complete phase-out will take many years, which means that you have several years left in which you can make a good profit.

Today, there are many ways to stand out from the faceless crowd. Printing on T-shirts and mugs will allow you to get an exclusive accessory that no one else will have. With the help of a bright T-shirt you will be able to attract your attention. A mug with an interesting print and a slogan will decorate your desktop. Business in the manufacture of such products pays for itself very quickly. In this article, we'll show you how to open it.

From 530 000 rubles

The rapid development of technology has led to the emergence of new types of building materials on the market. However, in spite of everything, the cinder block is still very popular among developers. Houses built from this material are durable and long lasting.

From 1,100,000 rubles

Most of us are well aware of these disposable shoes, indispensable in clinics, kindergartens and many enterprises. Maybe some of the readers have already had the idea to start their own production of shoe covers. But you do not know where to start and how risky such an undertaking will be. Let's look into these issues together.

But there are many more examples of failures. And the lack of a well-thought-out strategy significantly slows down development. Even in those successful cases where entrepreneurs created business empires, with proper planning, it was possible to achieve a similar result several times faster, and reach the figure obtained in a decade in just a few years.

A business plan is primarily necessary for the entrepreneur himself. Calculations allow you to find out the size of the required start-up capital and the payback time. Detailed calculations put everything in its place and make it possible to abandon a hopeless project, for example, with a payback of ten years or more, even before investing.

Planning the activities of the enterprise provides an opportunity to take into account all possible risks and prevent them, to develop a plan "B" in advance. Without a thoughtful and detailed business plan, you will not be able to attract investments either from a bank or from private investors.

Buy a ready-made business project or do it yourself?

If you are looking for a business plan for a small business, you definitely need to do it yourself. In the process of calculations and planning, an entrepreneur will be able to delve deeper into the essence of the business being opened and avoid many mistakes.

To correctly draw up a real business plan for a company, you need to have deep knowledge of tax and labor legislation, accounting and financial accounting, management, and, of course, familiarize yourself with the market segment in which you plan to operate.

If you are just taking the first steps in entrepreneurship, do not have a specialized education or practical business planning skills, use our database. It presents examples of business plans for small businesses that have been successfully implemented and proven their worth. All projects are systematized, you just have to choose a ready-made example and, based on a ready-made template with already given formulas, make your own calculations.

As for the opening of a large industrial company, the opening of which involves billions of dollars of investment, it is better to entrust the development of a business plan for production to a team of specialists. The larger the project, the more subtleties. Well, the presented examples will help to initially assess the approximate size of investments and the prospects of the project.

Our database contains detailed business plans with calculations for:

Opening of shops of various orientations, enterprises for wholesale trade;

Enterprises for the production of building materials;

Agricultural and food processing enterprises;

Enterprises in the service sector: cafes, restaurants, beauty salons, etc.;

amusement parks;

Vending (installation of vending machines: coffee, toys, photo machines, etc.);

Mini-production, etc.;

Internet shops;

Opening a shop with hand-made goods, etc.;

Social projects, etc.

Note! Our website contains typical examples of business plans with calculations and they are intended for review. The market, like prices, is in motion. Therefore, these figures can only be used as a basis. Before starting the implementation of the project, everything must be calculated in detail based on the above algorithm.

How to use business ideas from our database: an algorithm of actions

We study in detail an example of a business plan. We evaluate the volume of investments and the payback period - if these parameters are not suitable, we are looking for another direction. If the decision is positive, we move on to the next item;

We analyze the local market (where we will operate). The ideal option is to combine ready-made data from industry experts (can be found on the Internet, newspapers, television business channels) and independently evaluate the activities of competitors' enterprises;

Marketing research: analysis of competitors' activities, current prices for similar services, calculation of market capacity, average monthly and average annual revenue, taking into account seasonal fluctuations;

Estimating costs: looking for suppliers of equipment and raw materials;

Determination of the legal form and tax regime, calculation of tax deductions, salaries to employees.

After all the research and calculations, we should get the main figures - the amount of investment, profitability and payback period.

Typical mistakes of a novice businessman when drawing up a business plan

When calculating a business project, novice businessmen most often make a number of typical mistakes:

When determining investments, the cost of purchasing raw materials for just one month is taken into account, while it usually takes three to six months to reach self-sufficiency;

When calculating salaries, the real number of staff is underestimated, in addition, sick leave and tax deductions for each employee are not taken into account;

The costs of utilities are not taken into account or underestimated: payment for electricity, water and gas supply.

• 1. Sample business plan
  • 1.1. Business plan sections
  • 1.2. Project description
  • 1.3. Production plan
  • 1.4. Marketing plan
  • 1.5. Financial plan

Each company in the course of its activities must clearly understand the needs for all types of resources, as well as be able to accurately calculate the amount of funds needed to implement their business ideas. In a market economy, it is necessary to be able to plan, regularly analyze the internal and external environment, evaluate your own prospects and opportunities. For clarity, consider a sample business plan with calculations. Also at the very end of the article, you can download a detailed grocery store business plan.

Web studio business plan - sample with calculations

1. Sample business plan

The article presents a sample business plan with calculations for starting a website development company. Today, many companies decide to open their representative office on the Internet. As a result, there is a need to create an official website.

A business plan is an official document that will subsequently be presented to potential investors and partners. Therefore, when developing it, certain principles should be followed.

1.1. Business plan sections

• introduction,
• (brief description of the project and main financial indicators),
• project description,
• analysis of the company's capabilities,
• production plan,
• marketing plan,
• financial plan,
• risk analysis,
• conclusion,
• links to sources.

1.2. Project description

The projected company is created for the purpose of developing websites and their subsequent placement on the Internet. The company's product is a website, made in accordance with the client's requests, the chosen concept and functionality. The average price of a website (based on the arithmetic mean) will be 64 thousand rubles.

At the moment, the development stage of the project is evaluated as a business idea. The objective of the project is to position itself in the market as a professional company creating websites of varying complexity, with a modern concept and user-friendly interface.

When recruiting, it is planned to look for professional layout designers and web designers based on an assessment of their portfolio (CV).

1.3. Production plan

For the implementation of the business project, it is planned to spend 200 thousand rubles of own funds and 800,000 rubles - borrowed funds in the form of a bank loan, i.e. all in all 1 million rubles.

All information is given as an example - this business plan is a sample with approximate calculations

At the moment, the IT-technologies segment is in the stage of dynamic growth. As a result of the penetration of broadband access into the regions of Russia, the development of mobile and wireless data transmission networks, there has been an increase in Internet users.

The preparatory period for the opening of the project is planned to be completed in full within six months.

The staff of the company will consist of 6 people: CEO, accountant, workers and four programmers, each of which is responsible for a specific project and is a highly specialized specialist.

Web studio staff

Estimated payroll will amount to 1659 thousand rubles. in the first year, 1893 thousand rubles. in the second year and 1962 thousand rubles. in the third year of the project.

Estimated revenue for the first year will amount to 3793.93 thousand rubles, for the second year - 6140.19 thousand rubles, and for the third year - 6278.12 thousand rubles.

Acquisition costs fixed assets are estimated at 634.88 thousand rubles. The amount of depreciation deductions is not calculated, since the organization will work on a simplified taxation system.

Cost of services provided in 2015 - 3918.55 thousand rubles, in 2016 - 3491.906 thousand rubles and in 2017 - 3527.547 thousand rubles, respectively. The decrease in cost in 2016 compared to 2015 is due to the write-off of the cost of fixed assets, and the increase in cost in 2017 compared to 2016 is due to an increase in the cost of staff salaries, the purchase of consumables for the subsequent creation of services. It should be noted that business plan calculation samples depend on the specific economic situation in the country.

1.4. Marketing plan

Marketing expenses are estimated at 13% of revenue in 2015, 4.2% in 2016 and 4.15% in 2017.

1.5. Financial plan

The financial results of the project implementation are estimated as follows. In the first year of operation, the financial result will be negative and the loss in 2015 will amount to 124.62 thousand rubles.

In 2016, the profit will be 2,648,284 rubles, and the maximum profit of 2,750,573 rubles will be achieved in 2017.

Cumulative net profit at the end of 2015 will be -230.807 thousand rubles, at the end of 2016 - +1813.725 thousand rubles, and at the end of 2017 - +4215.028 thousand rubles.

We will calculate the effectiveness of investments for the project

1. Net present value:
   NPV = 2947.435 rubles.
2. Internal rate of return (IRR):
   2947.435 / (1 + x) 3 = 100 * 0.579;
   2947.435 = 57.9 * (1 + x) 3;
   (1 + x) 3 = 50.91;
   x = 2.71, IRR = 271%.
3. Yield Index (PI):
   PI = A / KV = 2947.435 / 1000.0 = 2.647
   Index of return on investment > 1. This indicates that this project is effective.
4. Payback period (PP):
   PP = 2 + = 2 + 0.7 = 2.7 quarters
5. Discounted payback period (DPP):
   DPP = 3 + = 3 + 0.74 = 3.74 quarters

Thus, the payback period of the business project is 3.74 quarters, and a year after the start of the project, a guaranteed repayment of the loan and income will be made if the specified conditions for the implementation of the project are met.

2. How to write a business plan - video + ready sample

This sample includes all the main points and necessary calculations and can be used as an example of a business plan for your own development. It should also be noted that a detailed business plan sample with calculations can be bought from specialized companies.

You can also view the detailed grocery store business plan.

3. Write and implement a business plan

Now that you know about the basic principles of writing a specific business plan, try to implement your old business idea. Carefully consider each step, the business plan should be drawn up taking into account the characteristics of the market you are going to enter.