Basic information MIDI keyboard is a keyboard electronic musical instrument, the most common type of MIDI controller. The MIDI keyboard is an electronic piano keyboard with optional additional controls - in particular buttons and faders, to which the user can assign, for example, various parameters of virtual synthesizers. MIDI keyboards can have a different number of keys and other features. Important characteristics of MIDI keyboards are the ability to determine the force
Basic information Virginel (virgin) (virgin - maiden, young lady) is a small table-shaped keyboard stringed musical instrument, a kind of harpsichord with one set of strings and one manual (keyboard), unlike the muselar, shifted to the left from the center. The term "Virginel" first occurs in a treatise from the 3rd quarter of the 15th century, where the instrument is described as "having a rectangular shape, like a clavichord, and metal
Basic information The harpsichord is a keyboard stringed musical instrument. A musician who performs musical works both on the harpsichord and on its varieties is called a harpsichordist. Origin The earliest mention of a harpsichord-type instrument appears in a 1397 source from Padua (Italy), the earliest known image is on an altar in Minden (1425). How the solo instrument harpsichord was preserved in everyday life
Basic information Clavichord (from lat. clavis - key) - a small old keyboard string percussion-clamping musical instrument, one of the forerunners of the piano. The sound on the clavichord is extracted using metal pins with a flat head - tangenots. The range of the clavichord has changed over time. So, initially, it was 2 and a half octaves, from the middle of the 16th century it increased to 4, and
Basic information Keyboard (from keyboards + guitar, tracing paper from English keytar) is a keyboard electronic musical instrument, synthesizer or guitar-type MIDI keyboard. In common parlance - "comb". Keyboards were very popular in the 80s in the domestic and foreign pop scene. One of the advantages of the keyboard is the ability to hang the keyboard on a strap over the shoulder like a guitar, which makes it possible to freely
Basic information Mellotron (from English melody and electronics) is a polyphonic electromechanical keyboard musical instrument. The Mellotron was developed in England in the early 1960s on the basis of Chamberlin. It is the forerunner of digital samplers. The sound is generated by playing tapes, one for each key. Mellotron became widespread in rock music in the 60s and 70s, was later replaced by digital
Basic information Muselare is a small table-shaped Flemish keyboard stringed musical instrument, a kind of harpsichord. It has one set of strings and one manual (keyboard), shifted, unlike the virginal, to the right of the center. Video: Muselaar on video + sound Thanks to these videos you can get acquainted with the instrument, see the real game on it, listen to its sound, feel the specifics of the technique:
Basic information Organ (lat. organum) is the largest keyboard wind musical instrument that sounds with the help of pipes (metal, wooden, without reeds and with reeds) of various timbres, into which air is blown with the help of bellows. The organ is played using several hand keyboards (manuals) and a pedal keyboard. In terms of sound richness and abundance of musical means, the organ
Basic information The Hammond organ is an electromechanical keyboard musical instrument, which is an electric organ. Modern digital signal processing and sampling technologies make it possible to accurately reproduce the original sound of Hammond instruments. There are also a number of electronic organs and synthesizers that qualitatively emulate the Hammond organ. However, players appreciate Hammond's original electromechanical instruments for their special feel and feel.
Basic information A pedal piano is a keyboard musical instrument, a kind of piano equipped with a foot keyboard, similar to an organ. It is known that Mozart played the pedal piano. Works for this instrument were written by Robert Schumann (most famously "Six studies in the form of canons", German: Sechs Stucke in canonischer Form, op.56) and Charles Valentin Alkan. In the 20th century pedal piano
Piano (Italian pianino - small piano) is a keyboard stringed musical instrument, a type of piano in which the strings, soundboard and mechanical part are arranged vertically and not horizontally, as a result of which the piano takes up much less space than a grand piano. The first piano was invented by the American J. Hawkins in December 1800; independently of him, the piano was also designed by the Austrian M.
Basic information A prepared (prepared) piano is a keyboard musical instrument, a kind of piano, the sound of which is created using various objects that are placed on or between the strings or on the hammers; as a result, the piano sound is combined with the percussion sound, creating a special unique sound. The idea of changing the timbre of the instrument by placing various objects was subsequently used in other
One of the oldest instruments is the oldest of them all. The keys of the organ were wide and pressed with fists, they replaced the large levers introduced in the 11th century to replace inconvenient manual valves. At the beginning of the 16th century, wide keys were replaced by more comfortable ones - narrow ones, with which they play now. Thus, the organ became a keyboard wind instrument.
The first stringed keyboard instrument was the clavichord. It appeared in the late Middle Ages, although no one knows exactly when. The clavichord had a device similar to that of a modern piano. However, its sound was too soft and quiet to be played in front of a large number of listeners. The clavichord, being much smaller and simpler than its relative the harpsichord, was a popular enough instrument for home music-making to be found in the homes of baroque composers including Bach.
Another keyboard instrument, the harpsichord, was most likely invented in Italy in the 15th century. Harpsichords come with one or two (rarely three) manuals, and the sound in them is extracted by plucking the string with a plectrum from a bird's feather (like a plectrum) while pressing the key. The strings of the harpsichord are parallel to the keys, like those of the modern grand piano, rather than perpendicular, like those of the clavichord and modern upright piano. The sound of a concert harpsichord is quite sharp, but too weak for playing music in large halls, so composers inserted many melismas (decorations) into harpsichord pieces so that long notes could sound long enough. The harpsichord was also used to accompany secular songs, in chamber music, and to play the digital bass part in an orchestra.
There are also musical instruments that are a kind of harpsichord in terms of similarity in sound production, but different from it in design: spinet, muselar and virginal are small harpsichords with one keyboard (rarely with two) with a range of four octaves. Since harpsichords were intended primarily for home music-making, they were usually skillfully decorated and therefore could decorate a home environment.
At the turn of the 18th century, composers and musicians began to acutely feel the need for a new keyboard instrument that would not be inferior in expressiveness to the violin. Moreover, an instrument with a large dynamic range was needed, capable of thunderous fortissimo, the most delicate pianissimo and the most subtle dynamic transitions.
These dreams became a reality when in 1709 the Italian Bartolomeo Cristofori, who was designing musical instruments for the Medici family, invented the first piano. He called his invention "gravicembalo col piano e forte", which means "soft and loud keyboard instrument". This name was then shortened, and the word "piano" appeared. Somewhat later, similar instruments were created by the German music teacher Christopher Gottlieb Schroeter (1717) and the Frenchman Jean Marius (1716).
The sound extraction device at the Cristofori piano consisted of a key, a felt hammer and a special mechanism for returning the hammer. This piano had no dampers or pedals. Striking the key caused the hammer to strike the string, causing it to vibrate, quite unlike the vibration of the strings of a harpsichord or clavichord. The returner allowed the hammer to go backwards rather than remain pressed against the string, which would dampen the vibration of the string. Later, the double rehearsal was invented, which allowed the hammer to fall halfway, which was very helpful in playing trills and rapidly repeating notes (in particular,
Keyboard instruments appeared a long time ago and have become very popular. They are characterized by a keyboard sound extraction system with the help of special levers. As a reference, it should be clarified that tools have a keyboard - an ordered set of keys arranged in a strictly defined order.
Keyboard instruments have a rather rich history that dates back to the distant Middle Ages. By right, one of the first such devices is considered to be an organ. The first organs were equipped with special valves. They were large and extremely uncomfortable. The latches were quickly replaced by levers, which were still not pleasant enough to press. Already in the eleventh century, levers were replaced by wide keys. They could even be pressed by hand. However, comfortable narrow keys familiar to contemporaries appeared only at the end of the fifteenth - beginning of the sixteenth century. Therefore, the first keyboard with a modern key system is an organ.
As another ancient instrument, the clavichord can and should be called. If the organ is based on pipes for sound extraction and can be considered to some extent wind, then the clavichords are the first stringed keyboard instruments. They appeared in the period from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century. Unfortunately, even researchers and music historians cannot provide more precise dates. The arrangement of the clavichord is reminiscent of a modern piano. It has a soft, quiet sound. The clavichord was rarely played for large audiences. Since such keyboard instruments are quite compact, they were often played at home. Rich people and the nobility preferred to play music on small "home" clavichords. Especially for such instruments, wonderful such famous composers as Mozart, Beethoven, Bach were created.
It is impossible not to mention such keyboard musical instruments as harpsichords. They appeared in the fourteenth century in Italy. Harpsichords are plucked-type keyboard instruments. The sound is produced by the fact that the string is plucked by the pick at the moment the key is pressed. The pick was made from a bird's feather. The strings of the harpsichord are already parallel to the keys, unlike the piano or clavichord. His sound is sharper and weaker. The harpsichord was often used as an accompaniment in chamber music. In many cases, this tool was even considered as a decorative element.
Naturally, it is impossible not to mention such an instrument as the piano. It was designed in Italy at the beginning of the eighteenth century. It was the piano that helped keyboard instruments compete with the violin. The impressive range and dynamics have raised it to a high level of popularity. Inventor Bartholomew Christofi gave the instrument its name, saying it could play "both loud and soft". The principle of operation of the piano is simple: when a key is struck, a hammer is activated, which makes a certain string vibrate.
Keyboard musical instruments- instruments in which sound is extracted using a system of levers and controlled by keys arranged in a certain order and constituting the keyboard of the instrument.
Types of keyboard musical instruments
According to the type of sound production and the method of extracting sounds, keyboard musical instruments are divided into the following groups:
Self-sounding percussion keyboards
Strings
- Percussion keyboards (piano and old clavichord)
- Plucked keyboards (harpsichord and its varieties)
Brass
- Keyboard-wind (organ and its varieties)
- Reed (harmonium, button accordion, accordion, melody)
Electronic
History of keyboard instruments
Keyboard instruments have existed since the Middle Ages. The organ is one of the oldest instruments - the oldest of them all. The keys of the organ were wide and pressed with fists, they replaced the large levers introduced in the 11th century to replace inconvenient manual valves. At the beginning of the 16th century, wide keys were replaced by more comfortable ones - narrow ones, with which they play now. Thus, the organ became a keyboard wind instrument.
The first stringed keyboard instrument was the clavichord. It appeared in the late Middle Ages, although no one knows exactly when. The clavichord had a device similar to that of a modern piano. However, its sound was too soft and quiet to be played in front of a large number of listeners. The clavichord, being much smaller and simpler than its relative the harpsichord, was a popular enough instrument for home music-making to be found in the homes of baroque composers including Bach.
Another keyboard instrument, the harpsichord, was most likely invented in Italy in the 15th century. Harpsichords come with one or two (rarely three) manuals, and the sound in them is extracted by plucking the string with a plectrum from a bird's feather (like a plectrum) while pressing the key. The strings of the harpsichord are parallel to the keys, like those of the modern grand piano, rather than perpendicular, like those of the clavichord and modern upright piano. The sound of a concert harpsichord is quite sharp, but too weak for playing music in large halls, so composers inserted many melismas (decorations) into harpsichord pieces so that long notes could sound long enough. The harpsichord was also used to accompany secular songs, in chamber music, and to play the digital bass part in an orchestra.
There are also musical instruments that are a kind of harpsichord in terms of similarity in sound production, but different from it in design: spinet, muselar and virginal are small harpsichords with one keyboard (rarely with two) with a range of four octaves. Since harpsichords were intended primarily for home music-making, they were usually skillfully decorated and therefore could decorate a home environment.
At the turn of the 18th century, composers and musicians began to acutely feel the need for a new keyboard instrument that would not be inferior in expressiveness to the violin. Moreover, an instrument with a large dynamic range was needed, capable of thunderous fortissimo, the most delicate pianissimo and the most subtle dynamic transitions.
These dreams became a reality when in 1709 the Italian Bartolomeo Cristofori, who was designing musical instruments for the Medici family, invented the first piano. He called his invention "gravicembalo col piano e forte", which means "soft and loud keyboard instrument". This name was then shortened, and the word "piano" appeared. Somewhat later, similar instruments were created by the German music teacher Christopher Gottlieb Schroeter (1717) and the Frenchman Jean Marius (1716).
The sound extraction device at the Cristofori piano consisted of a key, a felt hammer and a special mechanism for returning the hammer. This piano had no dampers or pedals. Striking the key caused the hammer to strike the string, causing it to vibrate, quite unlike the vibration of the strings of a harpsichord or clavichord. The returner allowed the hammer to go backwards rather than remain pressed against the string, which would dampen the vibration of the string. Later, a double rehearsal was invented, which allowed the hammer to fall halfway, which was very helpful in playing trills and rapidly repeating notes (in particular, tremolo and other melismas).
Keyboard types
The keyboard can be static or dynamic. A static keyboard determines the position of a key (pressed or released); the strength of the sound is determined by other means. The dynamic keyboard also determines the pressing force, and accordingly changes the strength of the instrument's sound.
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See what "Keyboard musical instruments" are in other dictionaries:
A group of musical instruments, united by a common feature of the presence of keyboard mechanics and a keyboard. Divided into different classes and types ...
A group of musical instruments, united by a common feature of the presence of keyboard mechanics and a keyboard. * * * KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, a group of musical instruments united by a common feature ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Instruments in which the sound is extracted using the levers of the keys, arranged in a certain order and making up the keyboard (See Keyboard). According to the method of extracting sounds K. m. are divided into percussion keyboards (an old Clavichord, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Strings Plucked Bowed Wind Wood Brass Reed ... Wikipedia
Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Musical instruments- Musical instruments. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS already existed in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. The oldest functions of musical instruments are magic, signal, etc. In modern musical practice, musical instruments are divided into ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Instruments designed to extract musical sounds (see Musical sound). The oldest functions of musical instruments are magical, signaling, etc. They existed already in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. In modern musical practice ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Keyboard musical
tools
Completed by: Mestyashova Nadezhda
Keyboard musical instruments - tools , the extraction of sound in which is carried out using the system leverage and managed with keys , arranged in a certain order and components keyboard tool .
Types of keyboard musical instruments
According to the type of sound production and the method of extracting sounds, keyboard musical instruments are divided into the following groups:
Self-sounding percussion keyboards
Celesta (italian . celesta- "heavenly") - a small keyboard-percussion musical tool, similar in appearance to piano, sounding like bells .
Story: The Celesta originates from the "tuning fork clavier", invented in 1788 by C. Clagget from London. In this instrument, hammers struck tuning forks different sizes. In the 1860s, the French master Victor Mustel created a similar instrument called the "dulciton", and his son Auguste later replaced the tuning forks with metal plates with resonators and in 1886 received a patent for a new instrument called the celesta.
Strings
percussion keyboards (old clavichord )
Clavichord (from lat. clavis - "key" and other Greek . χορδή - "string") - small key string percussion clamp musical instrument , one of the predecessors piano . The clavichord is one of the oldest keyboard instruments and comes from the ancient monochord. For the first time the name "clavichord" is mentioned in documents 1396, and the oldest surviving instrument was created in 1543 by Domenicus Pisaurensis and is now in the Leipzig Museum of Musical Instruments.
Strings
plucked keyboards ( harpsichord and its varieties)
Harpsichord (from fr. clavecin; ital. cembalo, clavicembalo; English harpsichord)- key string musical instrument with plucked sound extraction. Probably invented in Italy 15th century . Harpsichords come with one or two (rarely three) manuals, and the sound in them is extracted by plucking the string with a plectrum from a bird's feather (like mediator ) when a key is pressed.
There are also musical instruments that are a kind of harpsichord in terms of similarity to it in sound production, but different from it in design:
Spinet
Muselare
Virginal
- these are small harpsichords with one keyboard (rarely with two) with a range of four octaves. Since harpsichords were intended primarily for home music-making, they were usually skillfully decorated and therefore could decorate a home environment.
Strings
Percussion ( piano)
piano ( italian . forte - loud, piano - quiet) - a stringed percussion and keyboard musical instrument. The forerunners of the piano were harpsichords and invented later clavichord .
The piano was invented by the Italian harpsichord master Bartolomeo Cristofori. In the invention of B. Cristofori, the main details of the modern piano mechanism were laid - the hammer, pin, schulter, fenger, damper. The invention of Cristofori marked the beginning of the development of the mechanics of the English system.
Strings
Percussion ( Piano)
Piano ( fr. royal - royal) - musical instrument , main view piano , wherein strings , soundboard and the mechanical part are located horizontally, the body has a wing-shaped shape, and the sounds are made by blows of felt hammers on the strings using the keys.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the solid cast iron frame and the cross-string arrangement were invented, which led to more perfect quality and the appearance of the grand piano. From the 1850s, factory production began in Europe (especially rapidly in Germany), America and Russia. The piano becomes the "king" of musical instruments. By the beginning of the 20th century, the piano took on a modern form: a wooden case, a one-piece armored cast-iron frame, and a double rehearsal mechanism.
Brass
keyboard wind ( organ )
Organ ( lat. organum from other Greek . ὄργανον - "tool, tool") - keyboard - wind musical instrument , the largest type of musical instrument.
The organ is one of the oldest musical instruments. Its history goes back several thousand years. Hugo Riemann believed that the ancestor of the organ is the ancient Babylonian bagpipes (XIX century BC): “The fur was inflated through a tube, and at the opposite end there was a body with pipes, which, no doubt, had tongues and several holes.” The embryo of an organ can also be seen in pan flute , Chinese shene and other similar tools.
Brass
Reed ( harmonium , accordion , melodic )
Harmonium , or harmonium ( other Greek . φῦσα - (blacksmith's) fur, and other Greek ἁρμονία - harmony) - reed keyboard -pneumatic musical instrument, variety harmonics . Sounds are produced by vibrations of metal reeds driven by a jet of air pumped by foot pedals.
Invented in the 10s 19th century . In the middle of the 19th century, a decisive contribution to the improvement of the instrument was made by the French master Alexandre Francois Deben . From the second half of the 19th century, the harmonium became widespread throughout Europe.
Varieties of harmonium
A specific hand-held portable type of harmonium is the so-called Indian harmonium (also "harmonium") - a portable instrument with hand bellows.
The development of the harmonium was organola - an instrument in which air was supplied to the voice bars using a fan powered by the mains.
Brass
Reed -
(accordion)
Accordion (from fr. accordion)- reed keyboard -pneumatic musical instrument with full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, basses and ready (chord) or ready-selected accompaniment on the left. Modern variety manual harmonica . In 1829, this name was given by the Viennese organ master TO. Demian improved by him accordion
In the Russian tradition, only instruments with the right keyboard are called accordion. piano type (piano accordion), however, these instruments exist with both piano and keypads (button accordion).
Brass
Reed - (melody )
melodic harmonica reed keyboard - pneumatic musical instrument from the family harmonics , which bears some resemblance to accordion (also a pneumatic tool with a keyboard piano type) and harmonica .
The tool is an invention of the company Hohner . Melodika was first introduced in a printed brochure in German in November 1958 and has gained popularity around the world since the early 1960s.
Electromechanical
electric piano - electromechanical musical instrument .
Electric pianos create sound mechanically, after which the sounds are converted into electrical signals using pickup. Unlike synthesizer, the electric piano is not electronic instrument, but electromechanical.
One of the first was an electric piano Neo Bechstein 1929 release.
The earliest model without strings was probably Vivi-Tone Clavier Lloyd Loara .
Neo-Bechstein (1929)
Vierling-Forster grand piano (1937)
Electromechanical
clavinet
The clavinet is the "harpsichord of the future" as it is an electric keyboard instrument. It is a case with a keyboard. The keyboard has a limited degree of sensitivity. The "highlight" of the clavinet is the so-called swing keys, which can change the sound of the instrument. The clavinet is a simplified version of the old harpsichord, the sensors in it are fixed near the strings that are struck by the hammers. The instrument is almost devoid of dynamics, the sound production is sharp, staccato. It is quite difficult to get legato on the clavinet, in addition, there is no pedal, and the combination of legato chords is difficult to play.
Electromechanical
Mellotron
Mellotron (from English melody and electronics)- polyphonic electromechanical key musical instrument. The Mellotron was developed in England in the early 1960s on the basis of Chamberlin.
The sound is generated by playing tapes, one for each key.
Mellotron became widespread in rock music in the 60s and 70s, was later supplanted by digital samplers, and its production was discontinued. In the 90s, the interest of rock musicians in it revived, and several new models were released.
Electronic
electric organ
electric organ (English electronic organ) - an electronic keyboard musical instrument, the acoustic prototype for the design of which was harmonium and organ .
Initially, the electric organ was created to electronically simulate the sound of wind organs, but then the electric organs were divided into several types according to their functional purpose:
Church electric organs, the possibilities of which are maximally adapted for the performance of sacred music in churches.
Electric organs designed for concert performance of popular music, including jazz and rock.
Electric organs designed for amateur home music playing.
Programmable electric organs designed for professional studio work.
Electronic
Keyboard
Keyboard (from clavi shny + gi container , tracing paper from English keytar) - key electronic musical instrument , synthesizer or MIDI keyboard guitar type. In common parlance - "comb". One of the advantages of the keyboard is the ability to hang the keyboard on a strap over the shoulder like a guitar, which makes it possible to move freely around the stage. Of the minuses, one can name a small number of octaves - a maximum of 3.5 (for example, Roland AX-7). But, as a rule, the game on the “comb” is a solo with one hand, so the size is quite determined by the tasks.
Electronic
synthesizers
Synthesizer ( English Synthesizer)- electronic musical instrument , creating ( synthesizing ) sound using one or more generators sound waves. The desired sound is achieved by changing the properties of the electrical signal (in analog synthesizers) or by adjusting the parameters of the central processor (in digital synthesizers).
One of the creators of the first synthesizer -
Milton Babbitt .
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