The report on the topic "Genres of Music", summarized in this article, will help you learn a lot of useful information about musical genres, including modern ones.
What are the musical genres?
Genres of music determine the nature and style of the musical direction. The first genres that stood out were church music. It was matet and mass. Later, a genre of secular song arose. In the 17th century, the oratorio, opera, and cantata appeared. With the development of chamber music, new genres appeared, such as folk song, romances, ballad, requiem, vocalise, serenade, cant.
In the future, the development of musical genres was very fast. Today there are 4 categories:
- theatrical genres. This includes ballet and opera, musicals, musical dramas, operettas, vaudevilles, melodramas and musical comedies.
- concert genres. This includes sonatas, oratorios, symphonies, cantatas, quartets and quintets, trios, suites.
- Mass genres. These include songs, marches and dances.
- Cult and ceremonial genres. The works are associated with festive or religious rites. For example, carnival songs, Christmas carols, spells, funeral and wedding laments, troparia, bells and kontakia.
Genres of contemporary music
In modern music there are many directions and genres. Let's look at the main ones:
- Rock(heavier music for perception with elements of folk motives):
- pop rock
- Hard rock
- folk rock
2.Pop
- House is music played on a synthesizer.
- Trance is music with comic and sad melodies.
- Disco is music with rhythmic bass and drum sections.
3.rap
- alternative rap.
- Rapcore is a mixture of rap with heavy music.
- Jazz rap.
- Dirty rap.
- comedy rap.
4.Electronic music
- Deep house
- Garage house
- new disco
- Soul full house
There is also a classification of genres of such main areas as:
- Classical music. They spread in the 18th century. Among them are overture (instrumental introduction to plays, performances or works), sonata (for chamber performers), etude (small piece for honing music performance), scherzo (live and fast-paced music), symphony, opera, oratorio.
- Rock music. We have already talked about it above. The list of rock music genres also includes Grunge (guitar sound), Gothic rock (gothic music), Viking rock (punk rock combined with folk music).
- . The list of its genres is liturgy (Christmas or Easter service), antiphon (music with alternating choral groups), rondelle (original melody for one motive), proprium (part of the mass), ordinarium.
- secular music. The list of its genres is composed of guilliard (rhythmic and fast), ballad, villancico (ballad with poetic text).
We hope that the report on genres of music helped you prepare for the lesson, and you learned a lot of interesting information for yourself. And you can leave a story about musical genres through the comment form below.
ADAGIO- 1) slow pace; 2) the title of a work or part of a cyclic composition in adagio tempo; 3) slow solo or duet dance in classical ballet.
ACCOMPANIMENT- musical accompaniment of a soloist, ensemble, orchestra or choir.
CHORD- a combination of several (at least 3) sounds of different heights, perceived as a sound unity; sounds in a chord are arranged in thirds.
ACCENT- stronger, percussive extraction of any one sound compared to others.
ALLEGRO- 1) pace corresponding to a very fast step; 2) the title of a piece or part of a sonata cycle in allegro tempo.
ALLEGRETTO- 1) tempo, slower than allegro, but faster than moderato; 2) the title of a play or part of a work in allegretto tempo.
alteration- raising and lowering the degree of the modal scale without changing its name. Accidentals - sharp, flat, double-sharp, double-flat; the sign of its cancellation is bekar.
ANDANTE- 1) a moderate pace, corresponding to a calm step; 2) the title of the work and part of the sonata cycle in andante tempo.
ANDANTINO- 1) pace, more lively than andante; 2) the title of a work or part of a sonata cycle in andantino tempo.
ENSEMBLE- a group of performers acting as a single artistic group.
ARRANGEMENT- processing of a piece of music for performance on another instrument or other composition of instruments, voices.
ARPEGGIO- the performance of sounds sequentially, usually starting with a lower tone.
BASS- 1) the lowest male voice; 2) musical instruments of low register (tuba, double bass); 3) the lower sound of the chord.
BELCANTO- a vocal style that arose in Italy in the 17th century, distinguished by the beauty and ease of sound, the perfection of the cantilena, the virtuosity of the coloratura.
VARIATIONS- a piece of music in which the theme is stated several times with changes in texture, tonality, melody, etc.
VIRTUOSO- a performer who is fluent in voice or the art of playing a musical instrument.
VOCALYSIS- a piece of music for singing without words to a vowel sound; usually an exercise to develop vocal technique. Vocalises for concert performance are known.
VOCAL MUSIC - works for one, several or many voices (with or without instrumental accompaniment), with few exceptions associated with a poetic text.
HEIGHT SOUND - the quality of sound, determined by a person subjectively and associated mainly with its frequency.
GAMMA- the succession of all sounds of the mode, located from the main tone in ascending or descending order, has the volume of an octave, can be continued into neighboring octaves.
HARMONY- expressive means of music, based on the combination of tones into consonances, on the connection of consonances in their sequential movement. It is built according to the laws of mode in polyphonic music. The elements of harmony are cadences and modulations. The doctrine of harmony is one of the main sections of music theory.
VOICE- a set of sounds of different height, strength and timbre, resulting from the vibration of elastic vocal cords.
RANGE- sound volume (interval between the lowest and highest sounds) of a singing voice, a musical instrument.
DYNAMICS- differences in the degree of sound strength, loudness and their changes.
CONDUCTING- management of a musical and performing group during the learning and public performance of a musical composition. It is carried out by the conductor (bandmaster, choirmaster) with the help of special gestures and facial expressions.
TREBLE- 1) a form of medieval two-part singing; 2) a high children's (boy's) voice, as well as the part he performs in a choir or vocal ensemble.
DISSONANCE- unfused, tense simultaneous sounding of various tones.
DURATION- the time occupied by the sound or pause.
DOMINANT- one of the tonal functions in major and minor, which has an intense attraction to the tonic.
WIND INSTRUMENTS - a group of instruments whose sound source is vibrations of an air column in the bore (tube).
GENRE- a historically established unit, type of work in the unity of its form and content. They differ in the method of performance (vocal, vocal-instrumental, solo), purpose (applied, etc.), content (lyrical, epic, dramatic), place and conditions of performance (theatrical, concert, chamber, film music, etc.).
ZAPEV- the introductory part of a choral song or epic.
SOUND- characterized by a certain pitch and loudness.
IMITATION- in polyphonic musical works, the exact or modified repetition in any voice of a melody that was previously sounded in another voice.
IMPROVISATION- composing music during its performance, without preparation.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC - intended for performance on instruments: solo, ensemble, orchestral.
INSTRUMENTATION- presentation of music in the form of a score for a chamber ensemble or orchestra.
INTERVAL- the ratio of two sounds in height. It happens melodic (sounds are taken alternately) and harmonic (sounds are taken simultaneously).
INTRODUCTION- 1) a brief introduction to the first part or finale of a cyclic instrumental piece of music; 2) a kind of short overture to an opera or ballet, an introduction to a separate act of the opera; 3) a choir or vocal ensemble following the overture and opening the action of the opera.
CADENCE- 1) harmonic or melodic turn, completing the musical structure and giving it more or less completeness; 2) a virtuoso solo episode in an instrumental concerto.
CHAMBER MUSIC - instrumental or vocal music for a small group of performers.
FORK- a special device that emits a sound of a certain frequency. This sound serves as a standard for tuning musical instruments and singing.
CLAVIERE- 1) the general name of stringed keyboard instruments in the 17th-18th centuries; 2) an abbreviation of the word klaviraustsug - an arrangement of the score of an opera, oratorio, etc. for singing with a piano, as well as for one piano.
COLORATURA- fast, technically difficult, virtuoso passages in singing.
COMPOSITION- 1) construction of the work; 2) the title of the work; 3) composing music; 4) a subject in musical educational institutions.
CONSONANCE- continuous, coordinated simultaneous sounding of various tones, one of the most important elements of harmony.
CONTRALTO- low female voice.
CULMINATION- the moment of the highest tension in a musical construction, a section of a musical work, a whole work.
LAD- the most important aesthetic category of music: a system of pitch connections united by a central sound (consonance), the relationship of sounds.
keynote- a musical turnover that is repeated in a work as a characteristic or symbol of a character, object, phenomenon, idea, emotion.
LIBRETTO- a literary text, which is taken as the basis for the creation of any musical work.
MELODY- monophonically expressed musical thought, the main element of music; a series of sounds organized in a modal-intonational and rhythmic manner, forming a certain structure.
METER- the order of alternation of strong and weak beats, the rhythm organization system.
METRONOME- a tool that helps to determine the correct tempo of performance.
MEZZO SOPRANO- female voice, middle between soprano and contralto.
POLYPHONY- a warehouse of music based on the simultaneous combination of several voices.
MODERATO- moderate tempo, average between andantino and allegretto.
MODULATION- transition to a new tone.
MUSICAL FORM - 1) a complex of expressive means embodying a certain ideological and artistic content in a musical work.
NOTICE LETTER- a system of graphic signs for recording music, as well as its recording itself. In modern musical writing, the following are used: a 5-line musical staff, notes (signs denoting sounds), a key (determines the height of notes), etc.
OVERTONS- overtones (partial tones), sound higher or weaker than the main tone, merge with it. The presence and strength of each of them determine the timbre of the sound.
ORCHESTRATION- Arrangement of a piece of music for orchestra.
ORNAMENT- ways to decorate vocal and instrumental melodies. Small melodic embellishments are called melismas.
OSTINATO- repeated repetition of a melodic rhythmic figure.
SCORE- a musical notation of a polyphonic musical work, in which, one above the other, the parties of all voices are given in a certain order.
THE CONSIGNMENT- an integral part of a polyphonic work, intended to be performed by one voice or on a specific musical instrument, as well as by a group of homogeneous voices and instruments.
PASSAGE- the succession of sounds in rapid movement, often difficult to perform.
PAUSE- a break in the sound of one, several or all voices in a piece of music; a sign in musical notation indicating this break.
PIZZICATO- reception of sound extraction on bowed instruments (pinch), gives a jerky sound, quieter than when playing with a bow.
PLECTRUM(mediator) - a device for sound extraction on stringed, mainly plucked, musical instruments.
UNDER VOICE- in a folk song, the voice accompanying the main one, sounding simultaneously with it.
PRELUDE- a short piece, as well as the introductory part of a piece of music.
SOFTWARE MUSIC - musical works that the composer provided with a verbal program that concretizes perception.
REPRISE- repetition of the motive of a musical work, as well as a musical sign of repetition.
RHYTHM- alternating sounds of different duration and strength.
SYMPHONISM- disclosure of the artistic conception with the help of consistent and purposeful musical development, including confrontation and transformation of themes and thematic elements.
SYMPHONY MUSIC - musical works intended for performance by a symphony orchestra (large, monumental works, small pieces).
SCHERZO- 1) in the XV1-XVII centuries. designation of vocal-instrumental works for humorous texts, as well as instrumental pieces; 2) part of the suite; 3) part of the sonata-symphonic cycle; 4) from the 19th century. independent instrumental work, close to capriccio.
HEARING MUSICAL- the ability of a person to perceive the individual qualities of musical sounds, to feel the functional connections between them.
SOLFEGIO- vocal exercises to develop ear and music reading skills.
SOPRANO- 1) the highest singing voice (mainly female or children's) with a developed voice register; 2) the top part in the choir; 3) high register varieties of instruments.
STRINGS INSTRUMENTS - according to the method of sound production, they are divided into bow, plucked, percussion, percussion-keyboard, plucked-keyboard.
TACT- specific form and unit of musical meter.
TOPIC- construction that forms the basis of a musical work or its sections.
TIMBRE- the color of sound characteristic of a voice or a musical instrument.
PACE- the speed of metric counting units. A metronome is used for accurate measurement.
TEMPERATION- alignment of interval ratios between the steps of the sound system.
TONIC- the main step of the fret.
TRANSCRIPTION- Arrangement or free, often virtuoso, processing of a musical work.
TRILL- iridescent sound, born from the rapid repetition of two neighboring tones.
OVERTURE- an orchestral piece performed before a theatrical performance.
DRUMS INSTRUMENTS - instruments with a leather membrane or made of a material that itself is capable of sounding.
UNISON- simultaneous sounding of several musical sounds of the same pitch.
TEXTURE- a specific sound image of the work.
FALSETTO- one of the registers of the male singing voice.
FERMATA- stopping the tempo, as a rule, at the end of a piece of music or between its sections; expressed as an increase in the duration of the sound or pause.
THE FINAL- the final part of a cyclic piece of music.
CHORAL- religious chants in Latin or native languages.
CHROMATISM- halftone interval system of two types (ancient Greek and new European).
HATCHES- ways of extracting sound on bowed instruments, giving the sound a different character and color.
EXPOSURE- 1) the initial section of the sonata form, which sets out the main themes of the work; 2) the first part of the fugue.
STAGE- a type of musical performing art
Music genres(genres of music) - a list and a brief description of musical genres and trends.
Music genres
1. Folk music - music of various peoples of the world.
2. Latin American music- a generalized name for the musical genres and styles of Latin American countries.
3. Indian classical music- the music of the Indian people, one of the most ancient genres of music. It takes its origins from the religious practices of Hinduism.
4. European music- a generalized concept that characterizes the music of European countries.
5. Pop music Disco (from the word "disco") is a genre of dance music that originated in the early 1970s. Pop (from the word "popular") is a type of mass musical culture. Light music (from “easy listening” - “easy to listen to”) - music that covers different styles, the common thing in such music is simple, catchy melodies. The singer who performs music in the genre of Pop - Madonna.
6. Rock music - the generalized name of the direction of music, the word "rock" means - "swing, rocking" and indicates the rhythm of the music.
country rock - a genre that combines country and rock, and became part of rock and roll after Elvis Presley performed at the 1955 Grand Ole Opry.
southern rock - "southern" rock, was popular in the USA in 1970.
heartland rock - "rock from the outback", founded in 1980 on "country" and "blues".
garage rock - founded in the United States of America and Canada in 1960, the forerunner of "punk rock".
surf rock - (from the English "surf") - American beach music, was popular in the early 60s.
instrumental rock - this is a genre of rock music, the music of this genre is dominated by music, not vocals, was popular in the 1950s and 1960s.
folk rock - a genre that combines elements of folk and rock, was formed in the UK and the USA in the mid-1960s.
blues rock - a hybrid genre that combines elements of blues and rock and roll, began its development in England and the USA in 1960.
Rock'n'roll - (from the word "roll") the genre, born in the 1950s, in the United States, is an early stage in the development of rock music.
Merseybit - (the meaning of the genre comes from the name of the bands from Liverpool, which is located near the River Mersey)—the genre originated in the UK in the 1960s.
Psychedelic Rock - musical genre, it originated in Western Europe and California in the mid-60s, is associated with the concepts of "psychedelia" (hallucinogens).
progressive rock - a genre that is characterized by the complication of musical forms and the introduction of dialogue.
experimental rock - a style that is based on experiments with the sound of rock music, another name is avant-garde rock.
Glam rock - (from the word "spectacular" - "glamorous") - the genre originated in the UK in the 1970s.
pub rock The forerunner of punk rock, a genre of music that arose in the 1970s as a protest by British rock representatives against the excessive purity of sound in American AOR and prog rock.
hardcore - the genre appeared in the UK and the USA in the late 1970s. The sound is faster and heavier than the traditional punk rock sound.
skiffle - singing with accompaniment. The instrumentation included a washboard, a harmonica, and a guitar as a rhythm instrument.
Hard rock - ("hard rock") - a genre that is characterized by the release of the sound of percussion instruments and bass guitar. The genre originated in the 1960s and took shape in the early 1970s.
Punk rock - a musical genre that was formed in the USA in the 1970s, a little later - in the UK. The meaning that early bands put into this genre is "the desire to play dominates the ability to play."
bard rock - a genre that appeared in the "Soviet Union" in the 1970s. Developed under the influence of poetry: Viktor Tsoi, Okudzhava.
J-rock ("Japanese rock") is the name for the various styles of rock music that originated in Japan.
Metal - a genre that was formed and hard rock in England and the United States, in the 1970s.
post-punk - a musical genre that was formed in the late 1970s in the UK. It was a continuation of punk rock and was distinguished by a variety of self-expression in music.
new wave - a direction that includes different genres of rock music, ideologically and stylistically broke with all previous rock genres. It emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
no wave - direction in cinema, music and performance art. Developed in New York in the late 1970s. This is a kind of response of free musicians and artists to the commercial "New Wave".
stoner rock is medium tempo or slow music with low frequency musical instruments such as bass and guitar.
The genre originated in the 1990s, based on the work of the Kyuss group.
Alternative rock - this term refers to various styles of rock music. Appeared in the 1980s and covers many styles and trends that originate in post-punk, punk rock and other styles and musical genres.
post-rock is an experimental musical genre of rock music. The genre is characterizedthe use of instruments that are usually used in rock music and chords that are not characteristic of rock (traditional).
7. Blues - a musical genre that originated at the end of the 19th century, in the Southeastern United States in the African American community, among the rebels of the Cotton Belt.
8. Jazz - a genre of music that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States as a result of the synthesis of European and African cultures.
9. Country - (“country music”) is one of the most widespread varieties of North American music.
10. Chanson - (translated from French - chanson, which means song).
Has 2 meanings:
1. French cabaret song.
2. Soviet song in French, Renaissance and late Middle Ages.
The first composer and poet who performed songs in the chanson style was Guillaume de Machaux.
The peculiarity of the genre is that the performer, author of the song, music and words is one and the same person.
12. Romance - ("romance" means - "in Spanish") - a short poem that has a lyrical content, sung to the music. The term itself originated in medieval Spain and meant a Soviet song sung in Spanish.
13. Blatnaya song - a genre of a song in which it is sung about heavy morals and life in a criminal environment. Since the 1990s, the Russian music industry has called the thieves' song "Russian chanson", although it has nothing to do with chanson.
13. Electonic musicis a musical genre denoting music that has been created using electronic musical instruments. Often, various computer programs are used to create it.
14. Ska - a style that appeared in the late 1950s, in Jamaica.
The style is characterized by a 2 by 4 rhythm: when the bass guitar or double bass emphasizes odd drum beats, and the guitar emphasizes even ones.
15. Hip-hop - a genre of music that originated in New York, among the working class - on November 12, 1974. Hip-hop was founded by DJ Kevin Donovan.
The above list includes only the most popular musical genres.
Currently, new musical genres (genres of music) and directions are constantly emerging.
Lady Gaga - Judas (combines electronic music and dance rhythms).
The song is one of the most common genres of vocal music; it combines a poetic text with an easy-to-remember melody. Songs can be performed by one performer, as well as by a group or choir, with instrumental accompaniment and a cappella.
The most popular is the song. Basic and composing. Their main difference is that the compositional one has at least one author, while the folk one does not have an author, its creator is the people.
Folk songs are passed down from the older generation to the younger. They spread throughout the country thanks to itinerant musicians who replenished their repertoire and moved from city to city, bringing them to different listeners. The common people were not taught to read and write, they did not know how to write down music and texts, so the songs were memorized. Naturally, in different cities they could sing the same piece with different words or melody. In addition, each performer could change the text or motive at will, so in our time you can find several different versions of one song. At first, people sang at weddings, funerals, on the occasion of the birth of a child, during rituals. Then people began to sing when they worked, and rested when they were sad or happy.
Composer songs appeared around the 16th and 17th centuries, with the development of secular culture. These are compositions that have at least one specific author and must be performed as intended by the creator. The song creativity of composers reaches the listener in its original form, even if several centuries have passed since its creation.
Types of songs
There are the following genres of songs:
- author's (or bard);
- Neapolitan;
- hymns;
- folk;
- historical;
- rock ballads;
- variety;
- country;
- romances;
- chanson;
- ditties;
- lullabies;
- children's;
- drill.
Both long-established and contemporary song genres are listed here. Examples of some of them: “It's great that we all gathered here today” O. Mityaeva (bardovskaya); "Oh, frost, frost" (folk); “I remember a wonderful moment” by M. Glinka to the words of A. Pushkin (romance); "Return to Sorrento" by E. de Curtis and J. de Curtis (Neapolitan); “Soldiers, brave kids” (combatant) and so on.
Russian folk songs
Folk songs are divided into ritual and non-ritual. Ritual accompanies any ritual: a wedding, a funeral, the birth of a child, harvesting, etc. Non-ritual - performed not on any particular occasion, but at gatherings, during conversations and evenings, they are sung for mood, expressing the emotions and experiences of people. The themes of folk songs can be anything: love, a difficult peasant or recruit share, historical events or real historical figures ...
Genres of Russian songs:
- wedding;
- recruiting;
- lullabies;
- nursery rhymes;
- pestle;
- calendar ceremonial;
- crying;
- coachmen;
- ditties;
- funeral;
- robbery;
- burlatsky;
- lyrical;
- round dance;
- dance;
- invocations.
Chastushki, by the way, is not a very ancient genre; they appeared a little over a hundred years ago and were sung in them about love. Initially, they were performed only by boys.
Folk songs include works that express the feelings and moods of those who sing them. Such songs are divided into family and love. They can be different in character, even reckless and unrestrainedly cheerful. But for the most part, Russian folk lyrics express sadness and longing. Often in the lyrics, the mood of a person is compared with natural phenomena.
Folk songs can be performed by a soloist, group or choir, accompanied by instruments and a cappella.
romances
There are such genres of songs where accompaniment is no less important than words and melody. Romance belongs to this category. This genre originated in Spain in the Middle Ages. The word "romance" called works performed in the Spanish style. Later, all secular songs began to be called that. Russian composers wrote romances based on poems by Alexander Pushkin, Afanasy Fet, Mikhail Lermontov and other poets. In our country, this genre was at the peak of popularity in the 19th century. Many composed romances, the most famous works of this type of songwriting belong to M.I. Glinka, P.I. Tchaikovsky, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, S.S. Prokofiev, S.V. Rachmaninov,
bard song
The genres of songs that appeared in the 20th century are pop, chanson, bard song and others. In our country, this type of musical creativity arose in the second half of the 20th century. A bard song is different in that, most often, the author of the text, the composer and the performer are one and the same person. That is, the author himself performs his work with his own guitar accompaniment. In this genre, the dominant role belongs to the text. Initially, these songs were divided into student and tourist, later the subject expanded. Bright representatives of this genre: V. Vysotsky, Yu. Vizbor, B. Okudzhava, S. Nikitin, O. Mityaev, V. Dolina. The performers of such songs were often called "singing poets". In the 50-60s of the 20th century, this genre was called "amateur song", since often bards are not professional composers, poets and singers.
