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The announcers of Soviet television are the property of the national culture. “Now there are no announcers with a capital letter Announcers of Leningrad television women

The announcers of Soviet television are the property of the national culture. “Now there are no announcers with a capital letter Announcers of Leningrad television women

10.07.2019

Soundless. On October 1, 1931, the Moscow Radio Center on medium waves launched the first TV channel in the Soviet Union, broadcasting daily with sound for 30 minutes a day. Moscow broadcast 12 times a month for 60 minutes.

Moscow Department of Television (1934-1939)

In 1933, the All-Union Committee for Radio Broadcasting was removed from the subordination of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs and renamed the All-Union Committee for Radio and Radio Information. production of radio programs (the only radio channel at that time also began to be called). In December 1933, television broadcasting in Moscow ceased, due to the fact that the creation of electronic television was recognized as more promising. However, since the industry had not yet mastered the new television equipment, on February 11, 1934, medium wave transmissions resumed. On February 11, 1934, the Moscow Department of Television of the All-Union Radio was created.

Moscow Television Center (1939-1949)

In 1938, experimental television transmissions of electronic television took place. On March 10, 1939, within the framework of the All-Union Radio, the Moscow Television Center (MCT) was created, which launched the TV channel of the same name on ultrashort waves, which was attended by broadcasts and the Leningrad television center. On April 1, 1941, the ICT stopped broadcasting on medium wave. During the Great Patriotic War, the ITC did not broadcast. The broadcasts were resumed on May 7, 1945, and on December 15, Muscovites were the first in Europe to switch to regular broadcasting. The main TV programs of those years were devoted to the life of the Soviet Union, cultural events, science, and sports. In December 1948, the Moscow Television Center suspended transmissions for the duration of the reconstruction.

Moscow Department of Television Broadcasting (1949-1951)

In 1949, the All-Union Committee for Radio and Broadcasting was divided into the All-Union Committee for Radio Information (in charge of the Central All-Union Radio Broadcasting) and the Radio Broadcasting Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (in charge of Foreign Broadcasting), the MTC was withdrawn from the All-Union Radio and became subordinate to the Ministry of Communications, but it remained only technical functions, and the production of programs was transferred to the Moscow Department of Television Broadcasting, which remained part of the All-Union Radio, on June 16, 1949, broadcasting according to the standard of 625 lines began from the Moscow Television Center.

Central Television Studio (1951-1957)

March 22, 1951 as part of the All-Union Radio was created Central Television Studio(CST), the TV channel received a similar name. As part of the Central Television Studio, thematic departments were formed - "editorial offices": socio-political editorial office, editorial office of literary and dramatic broadcasting, editorial office of programs for children and musical editorial office. On April 8, 1952, the Leningrad Television Studio was established. In 1953, the Radio Information Committee was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Radio Information, the Committee on Radio Broadcasting under the Council of Ministers of the USSR into the Main Directorate of Radio Broadcasting, both committees were part of the USSR Ministry of Culture.

Since January 1, 1955, the CST has been broadcasting daily. On February 14, 1956, the CST launched the second TV channel in the USSR and Russia, called CST Moscow program, the CST channel itself became known as CST First program. Both channels broadcast only in Moscow and Leningrad. In 1956, the editorial board of Latest News was created.

Central Television (1957-1991)

In 1957, the Central Television Studio was withdrawn from the All-Union Radio and reorganized into the state institution "Central Television" (CT), the editorial offices of the Central Television Studio were reorganized into the main editorial offices of the Central Television, the Leningrad Television Studio was renamed the Leningrad Central Television Studio, the Main Directorate of Radio Information was removed from the subordination of the Ministry of Culture, directly reassigned to the Council of Ministers and reorganized into the USSR State Committee for Radio Broadcasting and Television, "CST First Program" became known as TsT First Program, TsT Moscow Program - TsT Moscow Program. In the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s, most of the territorial production departments of the Central Television - the Central Television Studios were created on the ground (in the centers of regions, territories and autonomies), at the same time, the Central Television First program began to broadcast throughout the European part of the USSR, and from November 2, 1967 - throughout the USSR, and in the mid-1970s, the broadcasting of the Central Television Moscow program was extended to the entire territory of the USSR.

On March 29, 1965, TsT launched the third TV channel in the USSR - TsT Educational program, and on November 4, 1967, the fourth TV channel - TsT Fourth program, which mainly showed replays of TsT First program, the broadcast of both channels covered Moscow and the Moscow region. On October 1, 1967, the CT First program began regular broadcasting in color. On January 25, 1971, the Technical (sixth) program TsT began broadcasting in Moscow, which was used as a technical channel during the Olympics-80 and where the Open Tennis Championships of England and France were broadcast (already in perestroika, without commentators and in full). In 1971, the CT launched a duplicate of the CT of the First program on the Orbita system (Orbit-1) for the Urals, Central Asia and part of Kazakhstan, taking into account the difference in time zones (+2 hours from Moscow time), and by January 1, 1976, the CT also launched three more duplicates of the CT First program (“Orbita-2,-3,-4”) specifically for the eastern territories of the USSR with a time shift of +8, +6 and +4 hours. Since January 1, 1977, all DH programs have been broadcast in color.

In 1981-1983, a number of regional TV channels were launched on the third TV channel - Ukrainian television of the Kyiv studio CT, Belarusian program of the Minsk studio CT, CT Leningrad program of the Leningrad studio CT (broadcast in Moscow on the fifth TV channel) and others. transferred to the second channel and became known as the TsT Second program, the TsT Moscow program was transferred to the third channel, its broadcasting was limited to the territory of Moscow, Moscow and some adjacent regions, the TsT Educational program was transferred to the fourth channel. The TT also launched four duplicates of the TT Second program for the eastern territories (“Double-1,-2,-3,-4”).

In October 1990, the weekly Friday evening air (from 21.30 until the end of broadcasts) of the first TV channel was transferred to the private television company "VID", weekly air on Mondays - to the private television company "ATV", weekly air on Wednesdays - to the private television company "REN" TV, daily morning and afternoon broadcast of the third channel - the commercial television company "2x2".

All-Union State Television and Radio Company (March 7 - December 27, 1991)

On March 7, 1991, the Central Television and VR were merged into the All-Union State Television and Radio Company (VGTRK), the USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting and the USSR State Committee for Press were merged into the Ministry of Information and Press. On May 13, 1991, the evening part of the air of the second TV channel was transferred to the All-Russian State Television and Radio Company (RTR). On September 16, 1991, the second channel was transferred in full to RTR, VGTRK The second program was transferred to the morning and afternoon air of the fourth channel.

Russian state television and radio company Ostankino (1991-1995)

On December 27, 1991, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company was abolished, and on its basis the Russian State Television and Radio Company Ostankino (RGTRK Ostankino) was created, subordinate to the Ministry of Press and Information of the Russian Federation. 2 days later, the chairman of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, Yegor Yakovlev, signed an order to dismiss the employees of the television company on January 5, 1992 in connection with its liquidation. At the beginning of 1992, the Studio of Moscow Television Programs of the RGTRK Ostankino and the Studio of Moscow Radio Broadcasting Programs of the RGTRK Ostankino were withdrawn from the RGTRK Ostankino and merged into the Russian Moscow State Television and Radio Company Moskva (RMTK Moskva), which was transferred to the RGTRK Ostankino Moscow program (which was renamed the Moscow television channel) and "regional windows" on Radio 1 in Moscow and the Moscow region. The Leningrad television studio of the RGTRK Ostankino and the Leningrad radio broadcasting studio of the RGTRK Ostankino were merged into the St. Radio-1 in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region and RGTRK Ostankino Leningrad program, renamed Channel Five. On July 6, 1992, the Educational program was transferred from the evening air of the fourth channel to the morning and afternoon, and the Fourth program from the morning and afternoon air to the evening, in addition, the Fourth program received all the air on the fourth channel at the weekend. RGTRK Ostankino First program became known as the 1st channel Ostankino, RGTRK Ostankino Fourth program - 4th channel Ostankino, RGTRK Ostankino Educational program - Russian universities. On December 22, the Ministry of Press and Information of the Russian Federation was divided into the State Press Committee of the Russian Federation and the Federal Service of the Russian Federation for Television and Radio Broadcasting (FSTR). On January 17, 1994, the morning and afternoon broadcasts of the fourth channel were transmitted by the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (which broadcast as the Russian Universities channel), the evening broadcast - by the private television company NTV. In the same 1994, the evening broadcast on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays on the first TV channel was taken from private television companies and returned to the Ostankino RGTRK, private television companies began to produce television programs on her order. On April 1, 1995, the first TV channel was transferred to the Public Russian Television. October 12, 1995 RGTRK "Ostankino" was abolished.

Subordination

from 1953 to May 16, 1957 - the Ministry of Culture of the USSR;
May 16, 1957 - April 18, 1962 - Committee on Radio Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
April 18, 1962 - October 9, 1962 - State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Radio Broadcasting and Television;
October 9, 1965 - July 12, 1970 - Committee on Radio Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
July 12, 1970 - July 5, 1978 - Union-Republican State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Television and Radio Broadcasting;
July 5, 1978 - March 7, 1991 - State Committee of the USSR for Television and Radio Broadcasting;
March 7 - December 27, 1991 - All-Union State Television and Radio Company.

Structure and leadership

The Central Television was headed by a director who, by virtue of his position, was the Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting and was appointed Chairman of this committee.

Central television consisted of thematic production departments - "main editions":

Main editorial office of film programs
Main edition of literary and dramatic programs
Main edition of international programs
Main edition of music programs
The main edition of folk art
Main edition of programs for children and youth
Main edition for children and youth
Main edition of propaganda
Main edition of journalism
Main edition of sports programs
Main edition of popular science and educational programs
Main edition of programs for Moscow and the Moscow region
Main edition of literary and art programs
Main editorial office of socio-political programs

Each main editorial office was headed by an editor-in-chief, who was appointed by the director of the CT. The main editorial offices were divided into departments, headed by department heads, departments into program editors, headed by editors-in-chief.

In addition, in each territory, region, union and autonomous republic, there were territorial production departments - “studios”, within which thematic main editorial offices could also be created. The regional studios of the CT were headed by directors appointed by the director of the CT, and being in dual subordination to the regional committee on television and radio broadcasting and the director of the CT, the editors-in-chief of the main editorial offices of the regional studios were headed by the chief editors, who were appointed by the directors of the studios.

CEOs

Broadcast time

TV broadcasts on weekdays began at 6:30 with a morning information and music program (in the 1970s - at 9:00-9:10 from the release of "News", from 1978 and until January 4, 1987 - at 8 o'clock in the morning from the release of Novosti with a repeat of yesterday's release of the Vremya program) and lasted until about 12 o'clock, then there was a break until 14:00 (from 1978 - until 14:30, from 1979 - until 14:50, from 1986 of the year - until 16:00), during which the signal of the exact time was broadcast in the form of an arrow clock (according to the "Second Program" the tuning table was broadcast). The evening broadcast continued until 23:00, sometimes until 00:00. At the end of the broadcast, a flashing reminder was broadcast for several minutes - the final signal, marking the end of the broadcast with the inscription "Don't forget to turn off the TV", accompanied by a loud intermittent sound signal.

The first program worked from 6:30 to 23:00, the second program from 8:00 to 23:00 with a break for local broadcasting, in large settlements there was a third Moscow program, a fourth educational program.

Clocks, screensavers and decoration

The main screensaver of the first and second programs was a rotating globe against the background of a communications satellite transmitting the program, depicted on a yellow background. In the 1960s, the song “Soviet Moscow” by A. Titov and S. Vasiliev performed by Alexander Rozum was the screen saver before the start of the first program of the Central Television. Since 1982, when Central Television rescheduled broadcasting, the screen saver was a star-antenna on a blue background with moving rings symbolizing radio waves, and the signature “Program I” or “Program II” at the bottom, which then changed to “TV USSR”. Around February 1988, the splash screen was changed: the circles became fixed, the inscription "TV USSR" disappeared, and the background became light blue with a white gradient.

On holidays, at the beginning of the broadcast, against the background of a star with a red banner, as well as newsreels of the Soviet country, the State Anthem of the USSR sounded. The clock on the splash screen, displaying the exact time, was on a dark blue background with yellow (or white) numbers and no sound. The clock broadcast on the screen was actually a mechanical black and white clock, which was filmed by a camera and, using a specialized printed circuit board, was painted in the desired two colors. When the screensaver with the song "Motherland" began to be used in the program "Time", the background of the clock was dark green. After the appearance of the Kremlin tower, the dark blue background was returned to the clock. In 1991, advertising was displayed below the clock (Crosna, Olivetti, MMM). This idea is still used by modern TV channels (for example: RBC). Subsequently, these watches were used on other TV channels, in particular, Channel 1 Ostankino in 1991-1994, 2x2 and MTK in 1989-1997, TV-6 in 1993-2000 and the Third Channel in 1997-2002 during the transition from TVC and back.

Landscapes of Moscow, nature or direct designations - "Feature film", "Film-concert", etc. were used as screensavers.

Broadcast programs

Perestroika

Information programs

The production of information programs for the Central Television of the USSR was carried out by the Main Editorial Office of Information.

Operative information

TV news 1960-1967
News 1985-1989 (daily review of information for the past 6 hours, twice a day)
Time 1968-1991 (daily news program)
Time Moscow 1968-1986 (daily news magazine for Moscow)
News from May 13, 1991, when Russian television began broadcasting on the frequency of the Second Program
Moscow teletype 1988-1991 (information section of the program "Good evening, Moscow")
Television Information Bureau (information and advertising program, broadcast on the Moscow program)

Information-analytical and infotainment programs

News relay 1963-1969 (weekly news magazine)
International Panorama 1969-1991 (weekly news program)
Ninth studio (information and analytical program)
The Soviet Union through the eyes of foreign guests (information and journalistic program)
Seven days 1988-1990 (weekly summary information program)
120 minutes since 1986, before that it was called "90 minutes", "60 minutes" is currently the morning channel "Good Morning" (morning infotainment program)
Searchlight perestroika 1987-1989 (information-analytical)
Good evening, Moscow 1986-1991 (evening infotainment program, since 1988 - Moscow infotainment video channel)
Television service "Chapygina, 6" 1988-1991 (evening infotainment program from Leningrad, conducted a teleconference with the program "Good evening, Moscow")

Live broadcasts

In memory of the leaders of the Communist Party (broadcasts of funeral ceremonies from Red Square: on mourning days 11:00-12:00).
Sports holidays in Luzhniki (once a year).
Moscow . Red Square (the festive edition of the Vremya program, annually on May 1 and November 7 at 9:45, was also broadcast on Intervision channels).
Solemn meetings and festive concerts in honor of the International Women's Day, the birthday of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and the anniversary of the Great October Revolution (broadcasts from the State Academic Bolshoi Theater and the Kremlin Palace of Congresses).

Advertising

Advertising as inserts in the middle of the programs appeared during the Thames Television week (KitKat chocolate, which was not sold in the USSR at that time) and during the Posner-Donahue teleconferences, when the American side was forced to take breaks for it. In 1988, an advertisement for Pepsi was shown, performed by American singer Michael Jackson. Also, advertisements in the form of inserts were shown during the broadcasts of the Olympic Games in Seoul (1988) .

DH announcers

Sports commentators

Nadezhda Kvyatkovskaya
Maya Gurina
Tamara Lvova
Irina Agayeva
Yulia Dyatlova (Boldinova) (native daughter of Nadezhda Kvyatkovskaya)
Tatiana Kotelskaya
Tatiana Hovhannes
Vera Khlevinskaya
Tatiana Bocharnikova
Ludmila Ovsyannikova
Irina Rudometkina
Varvara Romashkina
Lyudmila Levina (the last television sign language interpreter who started working on television 8 years after the collapse of the USSR).

Forecasters of the program "Time"

Ekaterina Chistyakova (1971-1982)
Galina Gromova (until 1982)
Valentina Shendakova (until 1982)
Anatoly Yakovlev (1987-1991)
Alexander Shuvalov (until 1991)

Deceased employees of the Central Television of the USSR

Tatyana Krasuskaya (1954-1982), a graduate of the VTU. B. Shchukin (1975), since 1977 [ ] (led “Good night, kids”)
Nonna Bodrova (1928-2009), hosted "Time"
Alexey Dmitriev (Shilov) [ who?] (1948-2002), since 1972
Alexey Druzhinin (1963-2007), hosted the program guide, then worked for TV-6, Radio Retro, TVS and STS; killed by unknown persons on March 26, 2007
Valentina Leontyeva (1923-2007), hosted “Good night, kids”, “Visiting a fairy tale”, “From all my heart”
Vladimir Ukhin (1930-2012), from 1960 (hosted Good Night, Kids, program guide)
Anna Shilova (1927-2001), since 1956 (hosted "The Song of the Year" in tandem with Igor Kirillov)
Nina Kondratova (1922-1989)
Olga Chepurova (1925-1959), since 1952
Tatyana Korshilova (1946-1982), since 1978 (hosted “With a song through life”, “Wider Circle” and the television festival “Song of the Year”)
Yuri Fokin (1924-2009)
Nikolay Ozerov (1922-1997), sportscaster
Evgeny Mayorov (1938-1997), sports commentator of the Central Television of the USSR, later

Television for Soviet citizens was a friend, a window to the world, a source of information and one of the main entertainments. Therefore, announcers and presenters were perceived by many as almost family members. Today...

Nina Kondratova

The first announcer and one of the founders of the Soviet announcer school. She worked on TV from the very first years of broadcasting. For a long time there were only three women presenters on the Central Television: Kondratova, Leontieva and Chepurnova, who died early. In the 50s, the main rivalry for popularity among the audience was between the first two, and it was Kondratova who was considered the “official” leader.

Often she was assigned to lead premieres, from the evening news to Goodnight, Kids. The degree of popularity is indicated at least by the reaction of the audience to the tragedy that happened to Kondratova. During the recording of the program at VDNKh, a bull gouged out her eye. Information about the emergency was carefully concealed. Despite this, Shabolovka was simply flooded with letters in its support. Later, Kondratova began to teach young TV presenters skills.

Valentina Leontieva

The most popular and diverse TV presenter of the Soviet era. Leontieva is also from the first composition of announcers, she worked on television since 1954 and with short breaks worked there until the beginning of the 90s. Already in the late 50s, she became insanely famous and popular. The most striking thing is that for a long time she almost did not appear on official broadcasts.

Leontyeva hosted "Blue Lights", holiday broadcasts, many children's programs, especially "Good night, kids" and "Visiting a fairy tale." The real all-Union hits at the time were "Skillful Hands" and "From the bottom of my heart." The last project was unique for the Soviet Union: it was filmed in different cities and was something between a concert, a talk show and "Wait for me." Leontieva became one of its founders, and the program was based on it.

Anna Shilova

The first TV star of the USSR. Became phenomenally popular in 1959, when the program "Our Club" was aired. After several transformations, the program turned into the famous "Blue Light" and in many respects its success was due not only to the format, but also to the personalities of the main presenters - Shilova and Kirillov. The duet was so harmonious that most Soviet citizens were sincerely sure that they were spouses.

Shilova was distinguished by her amazing charm, the ability to improvise, which was very important at the beginning, since many programs were broadcast live, and a very expressive voice, by which she was often recognized. She was the first host of Song of the Year, hosted Vremya and took part in other programs.

Nonna Bodrova

An announcer whose style of conducting official programs has become a reference. In Soviet times, the requirements for announcers were very high, and the selection of CT was no less strict than that of future cosmonauts. Strictness was explained not only by ideology. The first presenters, including Bodrova, raised the bar very high in the profession, and the rest had to meet these standards.

She was remembered by viewers from the program "Time". Bodrova was the first presenter and for a long time, together with another legend, Igor Kirillov, talked about the main news of the country and the world. Bodrova was a professional, but she stood out not only because she read the text clearly and in perfect Russian from a piece of paper. She had her own special intonation, which was perfect for official information.

Svetlana Zhiltsova

The most stylish and beautiful presenter on central television in the 60s. Unlike many of the first set, she came to TV without acting education. She was invited initially due to her knowledge of English and was sent mainly to international projects. However, she entered the top announcers when she got into the then mega-popular KVN.

One of the few in the country, a sharply satirical project was broadcast live, the hosts of the program were required to have a special skill in broadcasting at ease, keeping in touch with the audience and at the same time not allowing anything seditious so that it would not be closed. Neither Maslyakov nor Zhiltsova were the first to be tried in it as hosts, but as a result, it was they who took root. After the closure of KVN, Zhiltsova remained in the first bracket of TV presenters and worked in the programs "Time", "Morning Mail", "Song of the Year", "Spark" and many others.

In those distant times, when television was the only source of visual communication with the outside world, these women were met in every home as the closest people. Many of them have changed a lot. Some are no longer alive.
Angelina Vovk (72 years old)
The first association with the name of this TV presenter is the Song of the Year festival, the broadcast of which was not missed in any family. In the 80s, Angelina Vovk hosted the program “Good night, kids!”. In those days, the children's program was going through hard times: higher authorities demanded that Khryusha be removed from the program - they say, why should the little pig teach Soviet children. Aunt Lina convinced the management that without Piggy, broadcasting was impossible.
Tatyana Vedeneeva (61 years old)
Graduated from GITIS. Even while studying in the first year of the institute, she first appeared in films. In 1975, Vedeneeva played in two films - "Hello, I'm your aunt", "We didn't go through this." She worked at the Mayakovsky Theater. She made her debut as a host of night broadcasts. The programs “Good night, kids”, “Visiting a fairy tale”, for which Tatyana Vedeneeva was remembered, did not go to her right away. The children's programs were followed by the Morning program.

Larisa Verbitskaya (55 years old)
In 1987, Larisa became one of the first presenters of the nascent morning broadcast. Today, Larisa Verbitskaya is the only TV presenter on Russian television who has worked in the same program for more than 20 years.

Svetlana Morgunova (75 years old)
Over a long career on television, Morgunova managed to work in different genres: she hosted the Vremya program, introduced viewers to the TV program guide. But it was the releases of Blue Light that brought glory to Morgunova. Together with the popular presenter, more than one generation of viewers met the New Year.

Tatyana Chernyaeva (72 years old)
She has worked at Central Television since 1970, when she took the position of assistant director. In 1975, Chernyaeva became the host of the new children's program "ABVGDeika" and subsequently combined this work with the position of head of the editorial board of children's programs. She said that ABVGDeika was the only non-politicized program on Soviet television.

Anna Shatilova (76 years old)
She got on TV by chance - while studying at the philological faculty of the Pedagogical Institute, she saw an advertisement for the recruitment of announcers of the All-Union Radio and decided to take part in it. In 1962, Shatilova was admitted to the Central Television of the USSR. Yuri Levitan himself was Shatilova's mentor. For many years she hosted the main information program of the country - "Time".

Tatyana Sudets (67 years old)
On TV since October 1972. A popular presenter, she worked in the announcer department of the Central Television. She hosted the programs: “Time”, “Blue Light”, “Skillful Hands”, “More Good Goods”, “Our Address is the Soviet Union”, “Song of the Year”, “Good Night, Kids!”.

Valentina Leontieva
She worked at Central Television for 35 years - from 1954 to 1989. Valentina Leontyeva became the first host of the Good Night, Kids! program. The children called her Aunt Valya, and her parents called her “All-Union Mother”, because she “put to bed” all the children of the Soviet country. Since 1976, Leontieva has hosted the most popular children's program "Visiting a fairy tale." The TV presenter died in 2007 at the age of 83.

Julia Belyanchikova
Yulia Vasilievna hosted one of the first programs on medical topics on domestic TV - the popular science program "Health". Moreover, by profession she is not an artist or a TV presenter at all, but a doctor. She remained the permanent host of the program for over twenty years. During this time, the flow of letters for transmission has grown from 60,000 a year to 160,000. Yulia Belyanchikova died at the age of 70 in 2011

Anna Shilova
The first host of the first "Song of the Year". Together with Igor Kirillov, she held issues from 1971-1975. She was also the host of many Blue Lights. In 2001, the TV presenter died, she died at the age of 74.

Central Television of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting of the USSR (TsT USSR)- Soviet state organization as part of the USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting, responsible for all-Union and partly regional television broadcasting. It existed along with republican and local (regional, city) television from 1951 to 1991. connection with the collapse of the USSR ceased to exist. On the basis of Central Television, the Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Ostankino was formed.

1. History
2 Broadcast time
3 Subordination
4 CEOs
5 Structure
6 Clock, screensavers and decoration
7 Broadcast programs
- 7.1 Perestroika
- 7.2 Information programs
  - 7.2.1 Operational information
  - 7.2.2 Infotainment and Infotainment Programs
  - 7.2.3 Live broadcasts
8 VU announcers
9 Sportscasters
10 Deceased employees of the Central Television of the USSR
11 Sign language interpreters
12 Forecasters of the Vremya program
13 See also
14 Notes
15 Links
16 Literature

Story

On May 1, 1931, the first in the USSR experimental television transmission of mechanical television, without sound, took place. On October 1, 1931, the first medium-wave television broadcasts with sound began in Moscow. Later, television broadcasts also began to appear from Leningrad and Odessa. Moscow broadcast 12 times a month for 60 minutes. In October 1932, a film was shown about the opening of the Dnieper hydraulic power plant.

In December 1933, broadcasting in Moscow ceased due to the fact that the creation of electronic television was recognized as more promising. However, since the industry has not yet mastered the new television equipment, on February 11, 1934, transmissions resumed. On February 11, 1934, the television department of the All-Union Radio Committee was created. Mechanical television finally stopped broadcasting on April 1, 1941.

Since 1936, television centers operating on electronic technology have existed in Moscow and Leningrad. Moreover, Leningradsky, with a decomposition standard of 240 lines, used domestic equipment, in contrast to Moscow with a standard of 343 lines, based on RCA equipment.

In 1938, experimental television transmissions of electronic television took place, and in March 1939 it began regular broadcasting. On July 7, 1938, Leningradskoye TV was founded in Leningrad. during the Great Patriotic War, television did not work. The broadcasts were resumed on May 7, 1945, and on December 15, Muscovites were the first in Europe to switch to regular broadcasting. The main TV programs of those years were devoted to the life of the Soviet Union, cultural events, science, and sports. In December 1948, the Moscow Television Center suspended transmissions for the duration of the reconstruction. On June 16, 1949, broadcasting began according to the 625-line standard from Shabolovka.

On March 22, 1951, the Central Television Studio was established as part of the All-Union Radio, which included thematic departments - “editorial offices”: a socio-political editorial office, a literary and dramatic broadcasting editorial office, an editorial office for programs for children and a musical editorial office. Since January 1, 1955, it has been operating daily. On February 14, 1956, the Second (Moscow) program of the Central Television went on the air. In 1956, the editorial office of Latest News was created. In 1957, the Central Television Studio was withdrawn from the All-Union Radio and reorganized into the state institution "Central Television", the editorial offices of the Central Television Studio were reorganized into the main editorial offices of the Central Television, the Main Directorate of Radio Information was removed from the Ministry of Culture, resubordinated directly to the Council of Ministers and reorganized into the State broadcasting and television committee. In the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s, most television studios were created locally (in the centers of regions, territories and autonomies) and television companies of the Union republics (such as Ukrainian Television, Belarusian Television, etc.). ), which, almost until the very end of the Soviet period, were single-program and broadcast in every union republic (except for the RSFSR), usually on the second, and since 1982 - on the third button.

Experiments with transmissions in color began on January 14, 1960. Since March 29, 1965, the Third (educational) program has been broadcasting, and since November 4, 1967 - the Fourth Program. On October 1, 1967, the First Program began to broadcast regularly in color. The signal was transmitted to the European part of the USSR via terrestrial radio relay lines.

On May 1, 1965, an experiment was conducted to retransmit DH programs via the Molniya-1 communications satellite to the Far East. The Orbita system began regular operation on November 2, 1967, when the television center in Ostankino was opened. The broadcasts were intended for the Far North, Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia. Since 1971, a double of the First Program has been transmitted to the Urals, Central Asia and part of Kazakhstan - the Vostok program, taking into account standard time (+2 hours from Moscow). Since January 1, 1976, Ostankino has been broadcasting on eight channels: in addition to the four main programs, four more takes of the First Program on the Orbita satellite system are transmitted specifically for the eastern territories of the USSR with a time shift of +8, +6, +4 and +2 hours (“ Orbita-1, -2, -3, -4 "respectively. So, the first issue of the evening program "Time" on the Orbita-1 system went on the air at 12:30 Moscow time. The Screen satellite system, which launched on October 26 1976, allows you to receive DH transmissions on receivers for collective use in the settlements of Siberia and the Far North. All DH programs are broadcast in color since January 1, 1977. In 1981, during the school holidays, the animated series "80 Days Around the World" was shown.

On January 1, 1982, the Central Television rescheduled its programs: the Fourth evening program became the Second Program, the Moscow program became the Third, and the educational program became the Fourth, the all-Union status of which was provided by four doubles for the eastern territories (“Double-1, -2, -3, -4 "). She began work at 8:00 and after a day break she resumed broadcasting at 18:00 with the release of Novosti. In 1986, the program "Panorama of the Moscow Region" and the program "Good evening, Moscow" appeared on the air of the Moscow program. On Saturdays, the program "Moscow Saturday" was on the air. In January 1988, an experiment began on the creation of the Moscow TV channel Good Evening, Moscow. From July 1, 1989, the Moscow channel came out three times a day: on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Since the autumn of the same year, it began to appear daily. it included the programs "Dialogue", "Hot Line", "Blue Trolleybus" and other programs from Moscow. On Sundays, the video channel aired the program “Sunday Evening with Vladimir Pozner”. Since March 1988, the Good Evening, Moscow video channel has been conducting a teleconference with the program Chapygina 6 Television Service. This teleconference was broadcast simultaneously on the Moscow and Leningrad programs. In April 1988, the information heading “Moscow Teletype” appeared in the program. From November 1, 1989, on the Moscow program from 7:00 to 18:00 and from 23:00 to 02:00, the 2x2 TV channel broadcast. The fourth curriculum broadcast on weekdays from 16:30 to 21:00, on weekends - all day.

Until the mid-1980s, advertising was not shown on the Central Television in the form of inserts into programs: it was in the form of separate programs called “More good goods” (under the First or Second program) or simply “Advertising” (under the Moscow program). According to the Moscow program, an information and advertising program "Television Information Bureau" was broadcast. Advertising as inserts in the middle of the programs appeared during the Thames Television week (KitKat chocolate, which was not sold in the USSR at that time) and during the Posner-Donahue teleconferences, when the American side was forced to take breaks for it. In 1988, an advertisement for Pepsi was shown performed by American singer Michael Jackson. Also, ads in the form of inserts were shown during broadcasts of the Olympic Games in Seoul.

Since 1990, on Friday evenings, the First Program of the Central Television aired the evening channel VID presents, which was a block of programs of the VID television company. The host of the channel was Igor Kirillov. it included the following programs: Program 500, "Vzglyad", Field of Miracles, "Politburo", "MuzOBOZ", "Show Exchange". Since January 1, 1990, in connection with the advent of the Television News Service, the information studio has changed. Behind its glass wall, a technical control room was visible. 1-3 presenters worked in the studio, depending on which program is on - TSN or Vremya, and TSN went on the air at 15:00 and 23:00, and Vremya - at 12:30, 18:30 and 21:00. In the same year, the first private television companies appeared - VID, REN-TV, 2X2, ATV, while the penultimate one became the producer of most of the programs for the third, and the last - for the fourth program.

On March 7, 1991, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company was created, which unites Central Television and All-Union Radio, local studios were reorganized into local state television and radio companies that were part of the All-Union State Television and Radio Company. On May 13, 1991, the last of the union republics, the RSFSR, received its own television channel, Russian Television, to which the evening part of the broadcast of the second program was transferred; thus, Russian Television became the only republican television channel broadcasting to all the Union republics. The first issue of the new information program "Vesti" has been released. Since August 1991, the Fourth Program of Central Television, which previously aired only in the evening, broadcasts on weekdays all day. On September 16, 1991, the Second Program of Central Television ceased broadcasting, and Russian Television began to broadcast in full, replays of the programs of the First Program are transferred from the Second Program to the Fourth.

On December 27, 1991, the All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company was liquidated. At the same time, the Vremya program also leaves the air for a short time. The Central Television of the USSR became known as Ostankino Television, and the First Program, Second Program, Moscow Program, Fourth Program, Leningrad Program, Technical Channel are replaced on the air with Channel One Ostankino, RTR, MTK and 2x2, Russian Universities and Channel Four Ostankino, St. Petersburg - Channel 5 and TV-6 Moscow, respectively.

Broadcast time

TV broadcasts on working days began at 6:30 with a morning information and music program (in the 1970s - at 9:00-9:10 from the release of Novosti, from 1978 and until January 4, 1987 - at 8 o'clock in the morning from the release of Novosti with a repeat of yesterday's release of the Vremya program) and lasted until about 12 o'clock, then there was a break until 14:00 (from 1978 - until 14:30, from 1979 - until 14:50, from 1986 year - until 16:00), during which the exact time signal was broadcast in the form of an analogue clock (the tuning table was broadcast according to the "Second Program"). The evening broadcast continued until 23:00, sometimes until 00:00. At the end of the broadcast, a flashing reminder was broadcast for several minutes - the final signal, marking the end of the broadcast with the inscription "Do not forget to turn off the TV", accompanied by a loud intermittent sound signal.

Subordination

from 1953 to May 16, 1957 - the Ministry of Culture of the USSR;
May 16, 1957 - April 18, 1962 - Committee on Radio Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
April 18, 1962 - October 9, 1962 - State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Radio Broadcasting and Television;
October 9, 1965 - July 12, 1970 - Committee on Radio Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
July 12, 1970 - July 5, 1978 - Union-Republican State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Television and Radio Broadcasting;
July 5, 1978 - March 7, 1991 - USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting;
March 7 - December 27, 1991 - All-Union State Television and Radio Company.

CEOs

1951-1957 - Vladimir Osminin
1957-1960 - Georgy Ivanov
1960s - 1980s - Pyotr Shabanov

Structure

Central television consisted of thematic production departments - "main editions":

Main editorial information
Main editorial office of film programs
Main edition of literary and dramatic programs
Main edition of international programs
Main edition of music programs
The main edition of folk art
Main edition of programs for children and youth
Main edition for children and youth
Main edition of propaganda
Main edition of journalism
Main edition of sports programs
Main edition of educational and popular science programs
Main edition of programs for Moscow and the Moscow region
Main edition of literary and art programs
Main editorial office of socio-political programs

Clocks, screensavers and decoration

The main screensaver of the first and second programs was a rotating globe against the background of a communications satellite transmitting the program, depicted on a yellow background. Since 1982, when Central Television rescheduled broadcasting, the screen saver was a star-antenna on a blue background with moving rings symbolizing radio waves, and the signature “Program I” or “Program II” at the bottom, which then changed to “TV USSR”. Around February 1988, the splash screen was changed: the circles became fixed, the inscription "TV USSR" disappeared, and the background became light blue with a white gradient.

At the beginning of the broadcast, the call signs “The morning meets us with coolness” from “The Song of the Counter” sounded, at the end - a fragment of Isaak Dunayevsky’s melody “Quiet, everything is quiet” performed by the All-Union Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra conducted by Peter Saul.

On holidays, at the beginning of the broadcast, against the background of a star with a red banner, as well as newsreels of the Soviet country, the National Anthem of the USSR sounded. The clock on the screen saver, displaying the exact time, was on a dark blue background with yellow (or white) numbers and no sound. When the screensaver with the song "Motherland" began to be used in the Vremya program, the background of the clock was dark green. After the appearance of the Kremlin tower, the dark blue background was returned to the clock. In 1991, advertising was displayed under the clock (Crosna, Olivetti, MMM). This idea is still used by modern TV channels (for example: RBC). Subsequently, these watches were used on other TV channels, in particular Channel One, 2x2 and the Moscow Television Channel, TV-6 in 1993-1999 and Channel Three in 1997-2002 when switching from TVC and back.