About Art.
What was the first in the life of mankind: drawings in caves or primitive drum music? It's a matter of questions. But art appeared from the very beginning, as man became rational.
There is an opinion: of all the arts, music is the most human and widespread. As an imitation of natural sounds that arose, but acquired its own special features, carrying its own goals.
Shakespeare said beautifully about music:
Music drowns out sadness.
There is no living being on earth
So tough, tough, so damn evil
So that she could not at least for one hour
In it, the music to make a revolution.
Who is cold to charming harmony,
He can be a traitor, a liar,
Robber. Souls of his movement -
Dark as night and as Erebus
Black is his affection. Such a person-
Do not trust!
Music is (always has been, like) a consolation for a sad person. But at the same time and for a long time and today - music inspires the whole world. It supplies human souls with wings, promotes the flight of the imagination. Music gives both life and joy to everything that exists…. It can be called the embodiment of everything beautiful and everything sublime. Music is capable of exerting a certain influence on the ethical side of the soul; and since music has such educational properties, then, obviously, it should be included in the number of subjects for the education of young people. This is where you need to start when introducing a person to art.
Everything can be conquered with the help of art - and all sorrows that have a limit and fears that have no limits. Art, if it does not win, can mitigate all human suffering.
There was and is freedom in art. It is one, for the needs, but there are many types of it. New arts were born out of imitation of nature, but so far, no art can surpass the mastery of nature itself. And gardens and parks, only slightly tweaked by the hand of a gardener, belong to the art of manipulating nature itself! And they show us beauty.
Art has no other enemies than the ignorant.
Man has always created art himself, but where the spirit does not lead the hand of the artist, there is no art. It disappears when it is replaced by the ambition of the creative artist. “Painter, see that the greed for earnings does not overcome the honor of art in you, for earning (acquiring) honor from art is much more significant than honor from wealth. When an artist is glorified by people for his works - and remembered for centuries.
Painting has developed and now it is equal to the poetry that is seen. And poetry is equal to the same painting that is heard.
Thus, from drawing and painting, every creator of art is called an artist: a writer is an artist of the word, and even a culinary specialist is an artist of cooking.
An artist, a creative person, is subject to a different, higher law than the law of simple duty. For someone who is called to perform a great deed, to carry out a discovery, for example, and / or a feat that will advance all of humanity - for such a person, the true homeland is no longer his fatherland, but his deeds. He feels responsible, in the final analysis, only to one instance - to the task that he is destined to solve, and he will rather allow himself to despise state and temporary interests than the internal obligation that has been placed on him - his special destiny, and special gift.
An example of this is the Renaissance artists - the same Michelangelo. When forbidden by a religious society was the depiction of nature and human nature. And they know all the examples of Galileo and Giordano Bruno, burned at the stake - they were true artists of science - who presented to the gaze of mankind the infinite beauty of the universe and our solar system, the beauty of the cosmos!
The greatness of art lies in this, in this eternal tense duality, in the resistance of the mythical old world to the new real:
Between beauty and compassion
Love for people and passion for creativity,
Torment of loneliness and irritation from the crowd,
Between rebellion and consent.
On the crest of the ridge along which the great artist goes forward - his every step is an adventure and the greatest risk. In this risk, however, and in this alone, lies the freedom of art.
Each work of art belongs to its time and its people and its environment. Art has taken over everything. Art, like nature, if you don't let it through the door, it will enter through the window. For the artist, the moral life of a person is just one of the themes of his work. Art brings to light all the hidden human passions for all to see. The ethics of art is in the perfect application of imperfect means.
There is an obligatory moment in creativity, when the artist judges the whole world according to his own understanding.
"Art craves autocracy
And draws souls to the bottom.
As soon as the soul sighs about happiness -
She's already been dismissed." -
As one poet said.
There are no assistants in art, and this is what distinguishes it from everything else. In production, it is impossible without deputies and without assistants, but then the art was created and exists, that the person here is himself (one). The methods of creativity change, but the soul, the spirit invested in the creation of a work of art, can never die or become obsolete.
Art is freedom. It is one, but its types are many. It is durable, if life is short. It is a common property that softens the morals of all times.
Art is jealous: it requires a person to give himself entirely to it, and as the poet said:
“The creation can outlive the creator:
The Creator will leave, defeated by nature,
However, the image he captured
Will warm hearts for centuries.
I live in thousands of souls in the hearts
All those who love, and that means I'm not dust,
And mortal corruption will not touch me.”
No art can surpass the mastery of nature. It can make up for her shortcomings. Here, in painting - who, having drawn a face, adds something else, he already makes a picture, and not a portrait.
Nature and art are both material and creation. Even beauty must be helped: for even the beautiful will appear as ugliness if it is not adorned with art that removes flaws and polishes virtues. Nature throws us to the mercy, (and in the heat and in the cold) - let's resort to art - decorate ourselves in beautiful clothes. And without art, even an excellent nature will remain imperfect. Elegance is necessary for us, and not only in the arts of entertainment, but in all human affairs.
The earth is eventually weathered and the dust is blown away with the wind; all people die, disappear without a trace - except for those who are engaged in art. The economy and technology (like a digging stick) of a thousand years ago seems naive to us, and works of art (figurines, paintings and architectural buildings) live forever.
So the sculpture has significance: it does not tolerate buffoonery and clowning, it is not humorous and funny - marble does not laugh. The art is to find the extraordinary in the ordinary and vice versa, the ordinary in the extraordinary. Look at the figures decorating the Temples of antiquity - everything is there: both unusual demons and human vices (in the Temples of the phallus, for example).
There are some rules of real art.
one). Every work of art must express some great rule of life, must teach, otherwise it will be dead.
The artist works from the heart: a sketch is the creation of ardor (emotions) and genius (insight), a picture is the creation of labor, patience, long study and complete knowledge in art.
2). The task of art is to excite the heart.
The liveliness of the mind does not paint a person too much if it is not accompanied by the correctness of judgments. Not those watches are good that go fast, fast, but those that show the exact time. So it is in art, everything must be measured and precise, and with talent this is achieved intuitively. The highest praise for an artist is when, before his work, people forget about praises, perceiving his beauty naturally.
3). The artist (should) depict the beauty of the soul in such a way that the beauty of the soul gives charm even to a nondescript body. In the same way as the ugliness of the soul leaves a special imprint on the most magnificent constitution and on the most beautiful bodies, which arouses inexplicable disgust in people.
This is the true greatness of art. All that our soul feels in the form of vague, unclear sensations - art presents us in loud words and vivid images, the power of which is amazing. A poetic work must justify itself, for where the action itself does not speak, the words of justification are unlikely to help.
The service of the Muses does not tolerate fuss, said Pushkin.
Art strives invariably for the good, in positive or negative ways: whether it exposes us to the beauty of all that is best in man, or whether it laughs at the ugliness of all that is worst. “If you expose all the rubbish that is in a person, and expose it in such a way that each of the spectators will receive complete disgust for it, the question is: isn’t this already a praise for everything good (?), isn’t it a praise for the good?” Gogol also said.
From here it is necessary for any artist to apply his mind-reason. Art without the thought that a person without a soul is a corpse.
Art has reached great heights: it is like the highest authority for solving human life issues. There are many works of art about all passions.
“... Poetry is not in verses alone: it is spilled everywhere, it is around us. Take a look at these trees, at this sky above your head - beauty and life breathe from everywhere, and where there is beauty and life, there is poetry! Turgenev said.
There are joys in every kind of creativity: the whole point is to be able to take your good where you find it. The roads leading to art are full of thorns, but even among the obstacles they manage to pluck beautiful flowers.
The goal of the artist's personal gain kills every work of art. A writer can do only one thing: honestly observe the truth of life and skillfully portray it; everything else is the impotent attempts of hypocrites. A work of art is a corner of the universe, seen by the artist through the prism of a certain temperament. Therefore, the stories and pictures about the same thing are so different: how the four Evangelists depicted the life of Christ in different ways.
“The purpose of art is not to copy nature and/or human life, but to express it. We must grasp the mind, meaning, appearance of things and beings and intelligibly convey them to people!”
End.
Airbrushing technique is quite complicated and involves the use of additional materials. In this section, we will talk about those that are necessary for performing illustrations with an airbrush.
Just like any other painting technique, airbrushing allows you to get images on the surface of the base. However, its peculiarity is that
Eight secrets in drawing
Eight secrets that will allow you
learn to draw skillfully
1. Correct construction of objects in space
This skill is the basis for any professional artist. It will create a sense of three-dimensional space in your picture, which is very important. Already he alone will greatly improve your paintings.
2. Proper strokes
With the help of strokes, a background is created for the future volume of forms and objects - this is the main basis. When you learn how to apply them correctly, everything you draw will become more saturated and clear.
3. Tone stretching with a pencil
Another secret of the masters. When you learn how to make a tone stretch with a pencil from simple to complex, gain tone with pencils of different softness, you yourself will be surprised how much more realistic your drawings will become.
4. The art of drawing three-dimensional figures
Another skill that distinguishes people who draw great from those who are new to drawing. This is the ability to give volume to objects that differ in shape, work with light and reflex, own shadow and penumbra. These skills will make your work much better.
5. The ability to work with your own shadow on the figures, to add volume
It is also important to be able to do this if you want to masterfully depict three-dimensional objects and create realistic paintings.
6. Effective construction of falling shadows
The type and shape of the falling shadows depends not only on the figure that casts it, but also on the location of the light source. Once you have mastered this skill, you will be able to draw falling shadows of various geometric shapes, but also apply this knowledge to objects of various shapes.
7. The ability to distinguish objects by tone
Thanks to this, you will not only be able to show the difference between objects and forms, but also indicate the compositional center, which is very important for building a composition.
8. Compliance with composition
But this is the most important knowledge that will “revive” your picture and fill it with meaning, make the viewer think about what mood you had at the time of creating the picture, what exactly you wanted to tell the viewer. Knowing the composition will allow you to “say” with your painting what you cannot say with words…
… and many other skills and secrets that the best artists in the world have.
How to quickly master the main skills of professional artists?
Of course you can enroll in art school. However, it is possible if you have a lot of free time. Unfortunately, not everyone can spend several hours a day getting to and from school.
In addition, you can start learning on your own - from books. But this is a very slow and difficult path, and without a professional mentor, you will learn for a very long time, making many mistakes.
The easiest way is to study the video course at home. In just 46 days, you can learn how to draw amazing drawings at home!
HOW TO LEARN TO DRAW
A detailed guide to help you become an artist
Transition to the full record and to order
Learning to paint oil portraits
Paint Your Own Portrait
while receiving a powerful energy boost,
feeling the joy of the process and pride in the result!
And I will help you with this - portrait artist Tatyana Artykova
- How to get started in oil painting?
- What paints, brushes, etc. use?
- How to build a composition?
- How to transfer an image correctly?
- How to mix colors?
- Stages of creating and completing a portrait;
Get answers in the video course: "Painting a Portrait in Oil" Steps to create a "live" portrait
What (or who) will facilitate the learning process?
Without knowledge of visual literacy, it will be difficult to cope with the tasks. You will need a “translator” who will help facilitate the process, make it as interesting, efficient and fast as possible.
I am Tatyana Artykova, a portrait painter and teacher, as a "translator".
I have been doing portrait work for 20 years. And, in parallel, at live Master Classes I share my knowledge with those who intend to master the art of portraiture as efficiently and quickly as possible. And now my experience is in video format.
Painting a Portrait in Oil
Stages of Creating a "Live" Portrait
A guide for beginners and advanced
Who is this course for?
- for those who intend to create their portraits in the near future;
- in whom a creative spark burns and there is a desire to kindle it “cooler”;
- who needs clear recommendations so that the learning process is as fast, effective, and interesting as possible!
Paint your portrait and you, using simple guidelines!
- "Textbook" is a beautiful picture. We study the secrets of portraiture on the example of a painting by a famous portrait master;
- The "object" of the study is the beautiful goddess Hebe, a symbol of eternal youth; which inspires to create a beautiful image;
- The stage-by-stage implementation makes the course as clear as possible, accessible even to absolute beginners;
- Step by step, the portrait is gaining strength, bringing Joy to the creative process;
- The problem of creating the most accurate drawing of the depicted person is easily solved;
- A simple technique for selecting the right colors and shades is shown;
- Revealed the main secrets that allow you to create a "live" portrait;
- In the additional section of the course, you will see how the students complete the task. This is important for comparative analysis.
Lvova Alena
Download:
Preview:
"Art makes up for the imperfections of nature"
Art is something created by human hands. Man is a creation of nature with limitless possibilities. I marvel at the thought of a man. Because he can create the impossible.
Art can be seen, heard, and most importantly felt. It can bring you to tears, It can make you smile or help you think about the great deeds of the world, of humanity. In our minds, art is, first of all, spirituality, the depth of thought. This is a state from which the spirit overflows and the heart stops. We feel delight and admiration. We begin to feel with every cell of our body.
Art is comparable to perfection. Order reigns in it, and there is nothing superfluous. Clear boundaries, clarity. And sometimes it is fraught with a complete mystery, which again allows you to bow your head into thoughts, the eternal search for secrets and magic. We open a different world that surrounds a person. We are enriched with knowledge and thoughts, our feelings, our tastes develop. Art is a wonderful chronicle of both the past and present of mankind, a chronicle of his thoughts.
Art has always existed as one of the forms of social consciousness. It cannot be separated from relationships with other phenomena of social life, from other forms of ideology, from the economic foundations of social development. At the heart of art lies the artistic and figurative reflection of reality. The art of every era is inextricably linked with national culture and historical conditions, with the class struggle, with the level of the spiritual life of society. Contemporary art, in turn, gives us the opportunity to understand and evaluate, from our point of view, the ongoing processes in modern society, to orient ourselves in the world around us. Art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs.
Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, transfer of values, not material values, but spiritual ones. Value is something that has a positive value. It can be a real-life object or a metaphysical principle, conceivable and imaginary. Values play the role of guidelines in people's lives.
Being born, a person does not possess any social qualities. But from the first minutes of his life he is introduced to human society. Growing up, developing, he is gradually included in various communities of people, starting with the family, peer group and ending with the social class, nation, people. A person forms qualities in himself that ensure his inclusion in a certain social integrity. In the process of socialization, he masters the knowledge, norms, values accepted in one or another community of people, but perceives, absorbs them not passively, but refracting them through his individuality, through his life experience. So he becomes a personality, which is a unique ensemble of social relations. And in many ways, these processes are directly influenced by art, which, along with other social institutions and forms, “connects” a person to the interests and needs of society in all its diverse forms.
Thus, we can quite confidently state that art carries not only an aesthetic meaning and direction, as it is often perceived, but also a deep social and public meaning. In the process of its study and comprehension, a person is guaranteed to receive a multifaceted image and a holistic picture of modern society. Art in today's rapidly developing world is an integral part of human life.
The diversity of the world cannot be revealed by means of one kind of art. It is embodied in visual images (fine art), in sound images (music), in words (fiction), through a combination of artistic tasks with utilitarian ones - arts and crafts, architecture. Each type of art, comprehending certain spheres of objective reality due to its figurative specificity, already by virtue of this circumstance has its own laws inherent only to it. First of all, here it is necessary to note its own special artistic re-creation of the world, characteristic only of this art, objectively incorporated in the system of its visual and expressive means. What is characteristic of music is different from what is comprehended by poetry or painting. However, the limitation in direct reflection, characteristic of every art, in reality turns into its ambiguity, comprehension of the essence.
Dance is a kind of art in which artistic images are created by means of plastic movements and rhythmically clear and continuous changes in the expressive positions of the human body. Dance is inextricably linked with music, the emotional and figurative content of which is embodied in its choreographic composition, movements, and figures.
The magical world of dance! Exciting, mysterious, alluring! Fascinating twilight and dazzling rays of light ...
Who among us has not admired this eternally young art, has not experienced the joy that Dance gives people?
Even in the most ancient times, dance was one of the first languages in which people could express their feelings. Today there are a huge number of different styles and directions of dance, thousands of different groups, but each of them has a number - this is a separate story, a fragment of life.
The history of dance has its roots in the mists of time - the primary source of dance were movements and gestures associated with sensory impressions of the surrounding world, and ritual mysteries with their inherent choreographic language and expressiveness were an integral part of the spiritual life of an ancient person.
This ancient art was born simultaneously with the appearance of man. It is inherent in absolutely different cultures of mankind, different traditions. Throughout the history of human history, it has inextricably existed with man. The person changed, the dance also changed. It is in dance, as in a special kind of art, that the cultural development of mankind can be traced. Being a truly universal art, dance is accessible to people of all races and continents.
We learn through dance, through movement to feel our body, to treat it with love and respect. Accept your body, accept yourself, accept your life as it is. Learn to treat life like a dance. The joy of movement is the main meaning of the dance. Each person has his own dance, his own music that sounds inside. It makes no sense to dance someone else's drawing. It is important to hear your music and follow it. When creating a dance, we create ourselves, expressing the beauty of our feelings, the beauty of our body, our personality.
Who can measure the true benefit that great art brings to people? The benefits and impact of art cannot be measured or calculated. After all, a person who touches him becomes not only more interesting and acquires a taste, but he begins to relate in a new way to the race and society that gave birth to great works.
art.
There is an old Russian legend that came to us from the Middle Ages. When Christ was about to ascend to Paradise, a wandering singer approached him and asked: “Great God, to whom are you leaving us? How will we live without you?" And Christ answered: "My children, I will give you golden mountains and silver rivers and beautiful gardens, you will be well-groomed and happy." But then St. John approached Christ and said: “Oh, Lord, do not give them golden mountains and silver rivers. They do not know how to treat them, and someone rich and powerful will attack them and take away the mountains of gold. Give them only your name, your beautiful songs, and point out that all those who understand and recognize these songs and who help and protect the singers will find the gates of Paradise open.” And Christ answered: “Yes, I will give them not mountains of gold, but my songs, and those who understand them will find their way to Paradise.”
Lvova Alena Olegovna
Chuvash Republic,
S. Shemursha,
MOU "Shemurshinskaya secondary school"
Literature:
1. S.V. Filatov “From figurative word to expressive movement”, Moscow, 1993.
2. Yu. Slonimsky "In honor of the dance", Moscow, 1988
3. Amirgamzaeva O.A. "The most famous ballet masters", Moscow, 2004
4. Bottamer P. "Dance Lessons", Moscow, 2004.
Architecture is also a chronicle of the world: it speaks when both songs and legends are already silent, and when nothing speaks of the dead people (N.V. Gogol)
One of the arts is architecture - the art of building and decorating buildings. This is a special kind of art, because. the creations of architects are not only admired, our lives pass through them. Over the many years of its existence, people have created hundreds of thousands of buildings: from ancient times, buildings and structures associated with religion have come down to us - temples and tombs. They are well preserved, because for their gods, pharaohs, rulers, people built buildings from the most durable material, making every possible effort. Each era of history is characterized by its architecture. We will never confuse the Egyptian pyramids with the tomb of Tamerlane in Samarkand. The peoples who built them have long disappeared, the history of these nations has long been forgotten, but the works of architecture remain. It is they who convey to us the peculiarities of the development of a particular nationality. With the help of such buildings, we are trying to restore the course of events that took place in those distant times, and gradually, analyzing and collecting all the facts together, we can confidently tell about the people who created such magnificent buildings. In addition to architectural monuments, various peoples have their own oral folk art: myths, legends, tales that reflect the life, customs, customs of their people. But it happens that these legends are erased from the memory of ancestors, forgotten. Perhaps because there was no written language, or today it has not been deciphered. For example, everyone knows the Inca civilization that arose in the 10th century BC. During their existence, the Incas built beautiful roads and palaces in their country. They had a knot letter, which has not yet been deciphered. We learn about this people from the records of the invaders and the architectural structures of the Incas. I do not 100% agree with the opinion of the author, because. many buildings of the past are destroyed or not preserved today, but the memory of them remained in myths. An example of this is the seven wonders of the world, among which only the Egyptian pyramids have survived, but the legends about them pass from generation to generation. Even the streets of Cheboksary recreate the annals of the city's history. The Vvedensky Cathedral tells about the 17th century, the Assumption Church - about the 18th century, the Efremov's mansion about the 19th century. Someday our descendants will judge our time by the structures that are just being built.
Art is a dialogue in which the interlocutor is silent. (G. Landau)
In this expression there is a combination of "art-dialogue". Dialogue is one of the forms of communication. Thus, it turns out that art is communication. That is, the author wanted to point out that works of art prompt us to talk with the author, to express our feelings, emotions, and thoughts. Is it true? Art is a specific form of social consciousness and human activity. Drawing a picture or looking at it in an art gallery, we communicate with an imaginary partner. And this communication can console us, give us some knowledge, educate us, bring us pleasure. We see that the functions of art are in many ways similar to the functions of communication. For example, in a stressful situation, a person can call a friend and tell him about all his problems. Or maybe just listen to soothing music or throw out all your anger, as many artists do, onto paper by drawing something. In both cases, the effect will be the same. Art is like a smart, understanding person, with whom it is pleasant to talk, because it brings pleasure to a person. After all, it’s not just that people go abroad to visit the Louvre or pass through hundreds of rooms in the Hermitage. Creativity is an integral part of art, it allows a person to create his own fictional world, where he communicates with the created artistic image. This artistic image will become a participant in a dialogue with other people who will evaluate this picture. The use of works of art in different lessons at school makes learning easier, because. the student receives knowledge not only in the course of communication with the teacher, but also in the course of communication with artistic images. Therefore, I believe that the author is right. True works cause the viewer to a mental dialogue with the author.
The easiest way to declare yourself a genius is over the radio. (Don Aminado)
Radio in the 19th century was the first step towards the emergence of mass culture.
Radio, television, the press, the Internet are the products of the information age, which are in the service of mass culture today. It is in a post-industrial society that the artificial creation of idols of literature, pop music, cinema, etc., the so-called "star factories", is possible. Often, people who do not have the proper abilities in reality become stars of this kind. Radio, television, the press, the Internet ring about their imaginary talent. So, in a short period of time, huge masses of people suddenly learn the names and surnames of people who were previously unknown. In such cases, they say: "He woke up famous." Here is a more positive example of the influence of the media on the consciousness of society: in order for Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn to be recognized as a classic of Russian literature, he had to go through a long path of non-recognition and persecution equal to almost 90 years of his life, and the media reported on the talented writer Evgeny Grishkovets, and his name became widely known in a short lines. After how many years we would have known the poet and bard Vladimir Vysotsky, if not for the "tape recorder revolution" in the USSR of the 70s.
We agree with the opinion of the Russian poet of the 20th century D. Aminado that it is easiest to tell mankind that someone is a genius on the radio, but whether a person is a genius in fact will become clear after many, many years, when the contribution of this individual to the development of society will be comprehended .
Civilization is the stage of the dying of culture. (O. Spengler)
The development of culture and civilization are inextricably linked: apart from the spiritual values created in the process of cultural activity of people, a civilizational community cannot take shape.
Some researchers completely identify culture and civilization. This point of view originated in the Enlightenment, when Voltaire, Turgot considered culture primarily as the development of the mind. At the same time, the “culture”, “civilization” of a nation or country was opposed to the “savagery” and “barbarity” of primitive peoples.
However, the German philosopher O. Spengler had a different point of view. He believed that culture is the receptacle of all the best in a person, and civilization is associated only with standardized mass production. According to Spengler, civilization is the highest stage of culture, at which its final decline occurs, and culture is a civilization that has not reached its maturity and has not ensured its growth.
Spengler identified eight cultures. Each of them goes through a number of stages during its existence and, dying, turns into a civilization. In his opinion, the transition from culture to civilization means the decline of creativity, heroic deeds; true art turns out to be unnecessary, mechanical work triumphs. Thus, O. Spengler denying the relationship and continuity in the development of culture.
However, I do not agree with Spengler's opinion. Spengler titled his 1913 work The Decline of Europe. Nevertheless, over the past century, European civilization not only did not die, but stepped onto a higher level of development. I believe that from the point of view of science, one should not equate culture and civilization. I prefer N. Roerich's statement that culture is the soul, it is the core of civilization, spiritual values, and civilization is the body, some kind of technological framework in which the soul lives.
Let's give the arguments. No civilization can exist without culture, just as the body cannot exist without a soul. When the soul leaves the body, it dies. Therefore, to be more precise, when culture dies, civilization also dies.
Let's give examples. When Christianity was adopted as the state religion in ancient Roman civilization, which was contrary to Roman culture, Roman civilization perished. When they tried to replace the communist ideology of the USSR with a liberal one, the Soviet Union collapsed.
Thus, culture and civilization, in my opinion, are somewhat different concepts, but closely interconnected. It is impossible to agree with Spengler's paradoxical point of view.
The author believes that ignorance, not the ability to understand anything, and even more so in art, can bring great harm to art. And we can agree with this. Ignorance comes from the word "know" (to know). Ignorant people who don't know anything.
This phrase has been in the language for many centuries. It is ignorance, i.e. the complete lack of knowledge in this area hindered the development of art, especially when the ignoramuses were in power. Understanding art is difficult. Thus, art is a specific form of consciousness and activity of people, reflecting the world in artistic images. It is characterized by visualization and figurativeness, specific ways of reproducing reality, fantasy and imagination. And this is not given to everyone. Not everyone can understand the meaning of this or that work of art. It is no secret that many artists died in poverty because of the ignorant, because because of them, the works often did not reach society. For example, many films before the "perestroika" lay on the shelves of the Goskino archives, because. were censored. Or, as a result of the Greco-Roman war, many works of art were taken out of Greece, but they were valued not according to the genius of creation, but according to the value of the material from which they were made. And again, history repeats itself like a farce twice: during the capture of Rome, the vandals melted gold sculptures into ingots. One can endlessly give examples when, due to ignorance, that which has been accumulated over the centuries and which is priceless perishes. Consequently, art will develop only when it has more connoisseurs.
Art has an enemy whose name is ignorance. (D. Kennedy)
What is art? This word has several meanings. Art is the reproduction of reality in artistic images; skill, craftsmanship, knowledge of the matter - for example, the art of knitting; the business itself - for example, the art of war. Perhaps, most often we mean art by art, aimed at creating something new, original, unlike what is already created by others. Art is very broad: it includes architecture, painting, theatre, and so on. We know many works of art that have come to us from time immemorial: the poems of Homer, the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Each era gave birth to more and more new creations that cannot be compared with anything. How are masterpieces of art created? A huge role is played by the artist's love for life, for art, inspiration. The author creates his works in the throes of creativity, often in poverty, trying to truthfully convey the moments of life, his dreams of the harmony of the world, of the unity of man and nature. But unfortunately, at all times there was such a feature as ignorance, i.e. lack of knowledge, lack of culture. First of all, it consisted in the denial of obvious cultural values, in complete contempt for them. For example, during the October Revolution and the Civil War, many cultural monuments dedicated to kings, statesmen, and the church were destroyed. The ignorant people did not understand that these were works of art, they thought that they were getting rid of bourgeois attributes. And during the Inquisition in the XII-XVII centuries. in Europe, a huge number of paintings and scientific books were burned (a manifestation of the ignorance of the Catholic Church). Ignorance caused irreparable harm, because the views of an ignorant person were driven into a religious, everyday framework. Summing up, I want to agree with the author's opinion and add that it is possible to solve the problem of ignorance by familiarizing with spiritual values, by developing the personality.
The poet is infinitely inferior to the artist in depicting the visible, and to the musician in depicting the invisible. (Leonardo da Vinci)
And the poet, and the artist, and the musician are the creators of art. We know that art is a special way of knowing and reflecting reality through artistic images. It is represented in the artistic activity of a person, designed to satisfy the needs of people in enjoying beauty. The objects of a person's aesthetic reaction to reflecting reality are works of art in literature, music, painting, etc. However, Leonardo da Vinci believes that the art of poetry is lower than painting and music. Perhaps he thought so because he was a painter himself. And the principles of literary art were less clear to him. But I don't agree with him.
The creation of a perfect, highly artistic work of art largely depends on the creative talents of its author. Poets, artists, musicians, through the creation of works of art, realize such a type of cognitive activity of people as artistic knowledge. But each of the works is conveyed in its own way: in its own language of art, in its own way. The poet conveys with the help of the word those events, feelings, experiences, reflections that took place in his life, in nature, in the world. The poet can allow artistic fiction. For example, such poets as A.S. Pushkin, Tyutchev, Bunin and others devoted many of their works to the description of nature.
As for the artist, he really conveys visible phenomena with the help of paints and colors, he can copy them, restore them from memory. For example, well-known landscape painters I. Levitan, V. Shishkin, I. Repin devoted their paintings to depicting the reality of nature.
The musician also expresses both visible and invisible phenomena with the help of sounds. For example, having heard the magnificent singing of birds, the murmur of water, the rustling of leaves, Tchaikovsky immediately reproduced these phenomena in his musical work The Four Seasons.
But they all reproduced the real picture of the world around us. A huge role in the process of knowing the world with the help of art is played by the imagination and fantasy of the learner.
The language of art is accessible to everyone, but everyone is close to what he understands more. As for me, I like works of fiction. The thing is that each type of art has its own specific way of reproducing reality. Each person has his own ability to perceive different types of art.
But both the poet, and the artist, and the musician allow us to better know the world - both visible and invisible.
communication, collaborative activities
2 . Similarities in animal behavior and human activities
1) goal setting 2) expediency 3) creative activity 4) transformation of nature
3 . Are the statements true?
A. The diverse connections that arise between social groups in the process of economic, political, cultural activity are called social relations.
B. A person can independently determine or change the purpose of the activity.
4. Are the statements true?
A. Material culture includes scientific theories, works of art, and morality.
B. The social sciences include archeology, political science, aesthetics, and social psychology.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong
5. Sign of society as a system:
1) constant changes in public life 2) the presence of spheres of society 3) degradation of the elements of society
6 . Separated from nature, but closely connected with it, part of the world, which includes the ways of interaction between people and the forms of their unification, is
1) active community 2) scientific association 3) society 4) stage of historical development
7. The difference between animal behavior and human activity
1) goal-setting 2) expediency 3) care for offspring 4) self-preservation
8 . Are the statements true?
A. In a broad sense, "culture" is everything created by man.
B. Both animal behavior and human activity are expedient.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong
9 . Are the statements true?
A. Spiritual culture includes household items, railways, equipment of enterprises.
B. The social sciences include cultural studies, jurisprudence, economics, and history.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong
10 . Sign of society as a dynamic system:
1) the presence of spheres of society 2) constant changes in public life
3) a person is a universal element of society 4) the presence of different groups
11 . A holistic view of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of the individual, social group, society is
1) nature centrism 2) science centrism 3) worldview 4) sociocentrism
12 . The process of mastering knowledge and skills, ways of behavior is called:
1) education 2) adaptation 3) socialization 4) modernization
13 . The form of interaction inherent only to man with the outside world is
1) need 2) activity 3) goal 4) program
14 . Definition by a person of himself as a person capable of making independent decisions, entering into certain relationships with other people and nature:
1) socialization 2) education 3) self-realization 4) self-consciousness
15. The form of interaction inherent only to man with the outside world is
1) need 2) activity 3) goal 4) program.
16. The term "society" not includes the concept:
1) Form of association of people
2) Parts of the material world
3) Natural habitat
4) Ways of interaction of people
17 .The transition from slash-and-burn to arable farming is an example of the relationship:
1) Society and nature
2) Societies and cultures
3) Economy and religion
4) Civilizations and formation
18. All examples, except for two, refer to the concept of "social needs". Give extra examples.
Creation of cultural values, labor activity, communication, social activity,
participation in the game, sleep.
19. Complete the sentences:
1) According to the need for the reproduction of the genus, a social
institute - ... .
2) Man is a product of biological, cultural and social ... .
3) What is most precious is sacred both for one person and for all mankind
- this is … .
4) In accordance with social needs, social ... have developed.
5) The origin of man is called ....
6) Perfection, the highest goal of human striving, is ...
20. Spiritual and physical in man:
1) precede each other
2) Connected to each other
3) Oppose each other
4) Independent from each other
21. The hallmark of a person is
1)Satisfaction
2) Adaptation to the environment
3) Understanding the world and yourself
4) Use of tools
22 .Gennady has the knowledge and ability to protect personal rights, respects the rights of others, strictly fulfills his duties, and abides by the laws of the country. What qualities does Gennady have?
1) Citizenship
2) Conscience
3) Patriotism
4) Responsibility
