To answer the question “Are there Mitrofanushki now?” Let’s first recall who is hiding under this name, and for this we turn to the original source - the brilliant comedy “Undergrowth” by D. I. Fonvizin.
"Undergrowth" is not only the best comedy of the outstanding playwright, but of the entire Russian dramaturgy of the 18th century as a whole. This comedy has not lost its relevance today: it is no coincidence that of all the plays created at that time, only “Undergrowth” is still staged.
With its vitality and relevance, the comedy of Fonvizin
owes much to the image of the protagonist, whose name has long become a household name. It is worth pronouncing the name of the comedy, as in our imagination the image of a loafer, an ignoramus and a sissy immediately arises, in which the word “door” is either an adjective or a noun, depending on which door we are talking about.
Before Fonvizin, the word "undergrowth" had no condemnatory meaning. Undergrowths were called children of nobles who had not reached the age of fifteen, that is, the age determined by Peter I for entering the service. In Fonvizin, the word "undergrowth" for the first time acquired a derisive, ironic meaning, and in such
meaning is forever ingrained in the minds of readers.
Like all educators of the 18th century, D. I. Fonvizin attached great importance to the proper upbringing of children. And in the face of the rude ignoramus Mitrofanushka, he wanted to show "all the unfortunate consequences of bad education." The image of Mitrofanushka was drawn with great skill, because the playwright sought to combine and express in it all the ugliest features of the small estate nobility, to give a satirical denunciation of the younger generation.
Mitrofanushka inherited bad upbringing and complete disregard for teaching from his relatives - the Prostakovs and Skotinins, in whose family there were no educated people, many could not even read. Mitrofanushka's mother, Mrs. Prostakova - nee Skotinina - is an evil, hypocritical, at the same time despotic and cowardly person. She does not consider the dignity of those who live nearby: she has long crushed her husband under her, depriving him of his will and her own opinion, humiliates Sophia, considering her a parasite, scolds and humiliates the serfs. The only one in whom she does not have a soul is the son of Mitrofanushka. Brought up by his mother, Mitrofanushka grew up to be completely ignorant, rude and impudent with those over whom he feels his superiority, and fawning over those in whom he feels strength. The very name Mitrofan means: showing his mother, like a mother. With this name, the author once again emphasizes the idea that the character and behavior of children is a natural result of the examples with which they are surrounded in the parents' house.
Mitrofan is an undergrowth, primarily because he is a complete ignoramus, who knows neither arithmetic, nor geography, nor grammar. But he is also immature in moral terms, because he does not know how to respect the dignity of other people, he is immature in a civil sense, because he has not grown up to understand his duties to the state. It is quite natural that the civic feeling is alien to the Skotinins-Prostakovs, the thought “to be useful to their fellow citizens” cannot enter these heads.
The undersized Mitrofanushka does not need to study or prepare himself for public service, because he has hundreds of serfs who will provide him with a well-fed life. This is how his grandfather lived, this is how his parents live, so why shouldn't he spend his life in idleness and pleasure?
The image of the undergrowth Mitrofanushka has become a convincing example of the fact that the environment and living conditions largely determine a person's behavior in society and his outlook on life. The writer's contemporaries noted that this image is endowed with truthful, typical features. “In this comedy,” wrote P. A. Vyazemsky, “there is so much reality ... I myself happened to meet in the provinces with two or three living copies of Mitrofanushka, that is, as if they served as a model for Fonvizin.”
Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" is directed (and largely thanks to the image of Mitrofanushka) against all "those malevolent ignoramuses who, having their full power over people, use it for evil inhumanly." From the first to the last scene, this comedy is constructed in such a way that it is clear to the viewer or reader: unlimited power over the peasants is the source of parasitism, tyranny, abnormal family relations, moral deformity, ugly upbringing and ignorance.
People without honor and conscience, without mind and heart turn into cattle. We do not see anything human in them: only animal feelings, “bestiality”, “piggyness”, only concern for the satisfaction of elementary physical needs, pitiful attempts to give their lives the appearance of “education” - a naive masquerade that does not change their true essence. Yes, of course, all these are the results of anti-human serfdom. But isn't it time to go beyond that historical epoch? After all, the public danger of aggressive ignorance was felt not only in the 18th century.
Fonvizin posed many important questions in his comedy: about serving the fatherland, about education, about ignorance (and not just ignorance, but the worst - aggressive), about parents and children, about true and imaginary education, about the meaning of life, finally. Are we really going to pretend that this has nothing to do with us, that all this is a matter of bygone days? Of course not! The problems raised by the author remain relevant today, they concern each of us. Because even today, despite the joint efforts of the school, family and state, Mitrofanushki live nearby. Someone is immature in the moral sense, someone in the civil sense, and even ignoramuses who do not have elementary knowledge, but boast at the same time of their education, we meet very, very often. Why pretend to be soul, in each of us, if you look closely, you can find something from Mitrofanushka.
We are sure that the people around us should help us, give advice, we expect that in difficult times they will come to our aid, give us a shoulder. But are we always kind and attentive to others, to elders? There are those among us who live only at the expense of their parents and are not going to change anything further. Why? It's so convenient. There are those who do their best to evade the fulfillment of public duty or simply from the fulfillment of their duties. There are also those who do not see the need for secondary and higher education. What for? I can count, write, with the Internet, thank God, on “you” ... No matter how smart and hardworking a person is, there is a particle of Mitrofanushka in him, if only because each of us sometimes allows ourselves to be lazy. The only question is whether we will be able to recognize in ourselves and those around us in time the characteristic symptoms of the “disease” and whether we will fight them.
Unfortunately, there are a great many manifestations of ignorance ... The outstanding historian V. O. Klyuchevsky was absolutely right when he wrote: “... a mocking modern viewer of the stage Mitrofan can eventually punish himself for premature laughter not with theatrical, but with real worldly and very bitter tears. I repeat, one must carefully laugh at Mitrofan, because Mitrofans are not very funny and, moreover, are very vindictive, and they take revenge with the uncontrollable multiplication and elusive insight of their breed, akin to insects or microbes.
Glossary:
- an essay on the theme of modern mitrofanushki
- an essay on the topic Mitrofanushka
- an essay on the education of Mitrofan
- modern mitrofanushki
- are there mitrofanushki now
Other works on this topic:
- The comedy "Undergrowth" is unconditionally considered the pinnacle of creativity D. I. Fonvizin. The work is based on a story from the life of a minor - a teenager, a minor. The comedy was written by the author in...
- One of the most interesting and satirically illuminated characters in Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" is the son of the Prostakovs - Mitrofanushka. It is in his honor that the work is named. Mitrofanushka -...
- The pinnacle of Fonvizin's work is rightfully considered the comedy "Undergrowth". A minor is a teenager, a minor. The work was written in 1781, and in 1782 it was first staged on the big stage....
- At the lesson of literature, we got acquainted with the work of Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin “Undergrowth”. The author of the comedy was born in 1745 in Moscow. They began to teach him to read and write from the age of four ...
To answer the question “Are there any Mitrofanushki now?” Let’s first recall who is hiding under this name, and for this we turn to the original source - the brilliant comedy of D. I. Fonvizin “Undergrowth”.
"Undergrowth" is not only the best comedy of the outstanding playwright, but of the entire Russian dramaturgy of the 18th century as a whole. This comedy has not lost its relevance today: it is no coincidence that of all the plays created at that time, only “Undergrowth” is still staged.
With its vitality and relevance, the comedy of Fonvizin
It owes much to the image of the protagonist, whose name has long become a household name. It is worth pronouncing the name of the comedy, as in our imagination the image of a loafer, an ignoramus and a sissy immediately arises, in which the word “door” is either an adjective or a noun, depending on which door we are talking about.
Before Fonvizin, the word "undergrowth" had no condemnatory meaning. Undergrowths were called children of nobles who had not reached the age of fifteen, that is, the age determined by Peter I for entering the service. In Fonvizin, the word "undergrowth" for the first time acquired a derisive, ironic
The meaning in this sense is forever entrenched in the minds of readers.
Like all educators of the 18th century, D. I. Fonvizin attached great importance to the proper upbringing of children. And in the face of the rude ignoramus Mitrofanushka, he wanted to show "all the unfortunate consequences of bad education." The image of Mitrofanushka was drawn with great skill, because the playwright sought to combine and express in it all the ugliest features of the small estate nobility, to give a satirical denunciation of the younger generation.
Mitrofanushka inherited bad upbringing and complete disregard for teaching from his relatives - the Prostakovs and Skotinins, in whose family there were no educated people, many could not even read. Mitrofanushka's mother, Mrs. Prostakova - nee Skotinina - is an evil, hypocritical, at the same time despotic and cowardly person. She does not consider the dignity of those who live nearby: she has long crushed her husband under her, depriving him of his will and her own opinion, humiliates Sophia, considering her a parasite, scolds and humiliates the serfs.
The only one in whom she does not have a soul is the son of Mitrofanushka. Brought up by his mother, Mitrofanushka grew up to be completely ignorant, rude and impudent with those over whom he feels his superiority, and fawning over those in whom he feels strength. The very name Mitrofan means: showing his mother, like a mother.
Mitrofan is an undersized man, primarily because he is a complete ignoramus, who knows neither arithmetic, nor geography, nor grammar. But he is also immature in moral terms, because he does not know how to respect the dignity of other people, he is immature in a civil sense, because he has not grown up to understand his duties to the state. It is quite natural that the civic feeling is alien to the Skotinins-Prostakovs, the thought “to be useful to their fellow citizens” cannot enter these heads.
The undersized Mitrofanushka does not need to study or prepare himself for public service, because he has hundreds of serfs who will provide him with a well-fed life. This is how his grandfather lived, this is how his parents live, so why shouldn't he spend his life in idleness and pleasure?
The image of the undergrowth Mitrofanushka has become a convincing example of the fact that the environment and living conditions largely determine a person's behavior in society and his outlook on life. The writer's contemporaries noted that this image is endowed with truthful, typical features. “In this comedy,” wrote P. A. Vyazemsky, “there is so much reality ... I myself happened to meet in the provinces with two or three living copies of Mitrofanushka, that is, as if they served as a model for Fonvizin.”
Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" is directed (and largely thanks to the image of Mitrofanushka) against all "those malevolent ignoramuses who, having their full power over people, use it for evil inhumanly." From the first to the last scene, this comedy is constructed in such a way that it is clear to the viewer or reader: unlimited power over the peasants is the source of parasitism, tyranny, abnormal family relations, moral deformity, ugly upbringing and ignorance.
People without honor and conscience, without mind and heart turn into cattle. We don’t see anything human in them: only animal feelings, “bestiality”, “swinishness”, only concern for the satisfaction of elementary physical needs, pitiful attempts to give their lives the appearance of “education” - a naive masquerade that does not change their true essence. Yes, of course, all these are the results of anti-human serfdom. But isn't it time to go beyond that historical epoch?
After all, the public danger of aggressive ignorance was felt not only in the 18th century.
Fonvizin posed many important questions in his comedy: about serving the fatherland, about education, about ignorance (and not just ignorance, but the worst - aggressive), about parents and children, about true and imaginary education, about the meaning of life, finally. Are we really going to pretend that this has nothing to do with us, that all this is a matter of bygone days? Of course not!
The problems raised by the author remain relevant today, they concern each of us. Because even today, despite the joint efforts of the school, family and state, Mitrofanushki live nearby. Someone is immature in the moral sense, someone in the civil sense, and even ignoramuses who do not have elementary knowledge, but boast at the same time of their education, we meet very, very often.
Why pretend to be soul, in each of us, if you look closely, you can find something from Mitrofanushka.
We are sure that the people around us should help us, give advice, we expect that in difficult times they will come to our aid, give us a shoulder. But are we always kind and attentive to others, to elders? There are those among us who live only at the expense of their parents and are not going to change anything further.
Why? It's so convenient. There are those who do their best to evade the fulfillment of public duty or simply from the fulfillment of their duties. There are also those who do not see the need for secondary and higher education.
The only question is whether we will be able to recognize in ourselves and those around us in time the characteristic symptoms of the “disease” and whether we will fight them.
Unfortunately, there are a great many manifestations of ignorance ... The outstanding historian V. O. Klyuchevsky was absolutely right when he wrote: “... a mocking modern viewer of the stage Mitrofan can eventually punish himself for premature laughter not with theatrical, but with real worldly and very bitter tears. I repeat, one must carefully laugh at Mitrofan, because Mitrofans are not very funny and, moreover, are very vindictive, and they take revenge with the uncontrollable multiplication and elusive insight of their breed, akin to insects or microbes.
Glossary:
- an essay on the theme of modern mitrofanushki
- an essay on the topic Mitrofanushka
- an essay on the education of Mitrofan
- modern mitrofanushki
- are there mitrofanushki now
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COMPOSITION of a student of the 8th grade of class 50 of the secondary school in Tallinn
Zhovnikova Alexander (written in 1968-50 years ago).
MODERN MITROFANUSHKI
A man lived in the eighteenth century in Russia. His name was Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin.
He noticed many shortcomings in people and wanted to somehow try to reduce them. But how? .. Fonvizin chose a pen for this.
He began to write comedies in which he ridiculed the bad, the evil in the people of his time.
One of these comedies was his famous "Undergrowth".
At that time, nobles who had not grown up to military service, but had come out of childhood, were called undergrowths. Mitrofanushka, the hero of the writer's comedy, was such an undersized man.
Mitrofan... Mitrofanushka... It immediately rhymes: a fat man... a simpleton... He loved to sleep, and even more, to eat, but to study... he did not like at all...
And if something is wrong for him, then you can shout at someone (he thought): “Well, who is at hand here? Yeah, Eremeevna (nanny)! "
This is how it exists ... For your own pleasure ...
I wonder if there is such a Mitrofanushka in our modern society? ..
Let's go, let's see, eat...
It's evening, let's start in the morning.
Morning. From above someone's conversation is heard,
- Mom, how can I go to school? My throat is red, the temperature is not thirty-six and six, but thirty-six and eight! Cough, runny nose... What? No runny nose? So, go to school? So I knew!
I'll be back with a high temperature, I'll lie down and die! You will cry later!
But he still goes to school.
Let's go and follow him.
School. Turn.
Some overgrown man is tormenting a junior high school student in the corner, who cannot even reach his shoulder.
Suitable teacher.
- What are you, Arina Dmitrievna, why should I beat him? We played with him! Did they really play?
He also showed me a badge! Where is the icon? Um, for some reason I ended up in my pocket...
So that it doesn't happen again? Okay!"
Call. Lesson.
A fat man sits at the last desk and eats a huge sandwich.
- Khlebnikov, take it away now! Didn't you get enough change?
An indistinct murmur. Bread is put in the pocket - closer ...
They call to solve a problem. That's no luck: there is a piece in the mouth again. And some kind of task ... When there is food nearby, you don’t understand anything ...
Two. Well, nothing: I will return to my place and calmly sing.
But a half-asleep boy is sitting by the wall: he probably did his homework at night. Why at night? But how can you make it here? You play enough football, you come home, and then, it turns out, your homework is not written down ... While you run away to your friend, you will find notebooks, and it's time to sleep, otherwise your grandmother will not wake you up in the morning ...
Now the teacher's explanation goes past the ears ...
It's always late like this...
Such are modern Mitrofanushki. And their interests are more modern than those of Fonvizin's Mitrofanushka. They often go to the cinema, and sit and lie at the TV for hours, and devote a lot of time to football ...
After all this, it is difficult to take lessons, and there is not enough time for them ...
So, alas, there are Mitrofanushki in our time ...
Is it possible for modern Mitrofanushkas to try to eradicate the qualities that discredit them?
Can!
The first of those mentioned should always do his homework, and then he will not have to pretend to be sick!
The second should force himself to understand that it’s not a matter of offending kids!
Khlebnikov needs to find a suitable sport for him: after all, as you know, sport heals!
Conclusion: you should get rid of the traits inherent in Mitrofanushkas, but first you need to notice them in yourself, find them, and do it for sure!
CONCLUSION: you need to try not to let Mitrofanushka into yourself, and if you let him in, declare war on him - EVIL AND MERCY!
Reviews
50 years have passed since Alexander wrote about the Mitrofanushki, his contemporaries, and it seems that he wrote about today's youth - all one to one.
Mitrofanushki, as they were before, are now and will be in the future: there is no getting away from them.
The daily audience of the Proza.ru portal is about 100 thousand visitors, who in total view more than half a million pages according to the traffic counter, which is located to the right of this text. Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors.
The answer to the question whether Mitrofanushki are alive in our time is already contained in the text of the comedy. Prostakova and Vralman discuss the problem of Mitrofanushka's education. A caring mother is very worried that teaching can damage the health of her beloved son. Vralman's response is both comical and tragic. The comic is based on the fact that the teacher compares the head with the stomach: if yesterday Mitrofanushka overate and feels so bad, what will happen when he "stuffs" his head with "extra" knowledge?
The tragedy of the situation is that such intelligent people as Mitrofan are half, if not a large part of Russia. In Vralman's intonation, there is not the slightest doubt about the justice of the existing order: “Do not collapse, my mother, do not collapse, what is your most precious son, there are millions, millions of them on the planet. How can he not screw up all the campaigns?
Both viewers and readers openly laugh at Mitrofan. However, as noted by the famous historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, "it is very dangerous to laugh at him." “Only his thoughts are funny, but his actions are not at all funny,” because they are in conflict with basic moral concepts.
The character of Mitrofan potentially poses a great danger to others: he carries active evil in himself. N.V. Gogol called Mitrofan a tyrant: “a tyrant of all, and most of all of those who love him the most, that is, mothers and nannies, so that insulting them has become a pleasure for him.” P.A. Vyazemsky believed that the source of Mitrofan's wickedness was ignorance: “the underage is not ridiculous and pathetic because he has not yet served sixteen years: he would have been pathetic if he had not reached the age of reason; but you laugh at him because he is ignorant.” These are the testimonies of Fonvizin's contemporaries, but how are things in our time?
First of all, let's consider what in the image of Mitrofan causes laughter from modern readers. Taking into account the fact that Fonvizin preserved intact the classical principle of the “trinity” of time, place and action, all the events taking place in the comedy last for one day. Thus, we can almost exactly restore one of the everyday days of Mitrofanushka. Reading the beginning of the play, we can assume that the action takes place in the morning: Mitrofan tries on a caftan, fulfills the instructions of his mother. The minor does not feel well, because in the evening he almost did not have supper at all (of course, five buns, three slices of corned beef, five or six hearths, a jug of kvass does not count). Mitrofanushka is upset: a bad dream was added to the poor state of health, in which the mother beats the priest. Mitrofanushka felt sorry for the poor mother: "You are so tired, beating the father." Let's pay attention to the author's comment to Mitrofan's remark: the son talks to his mother "spreading out". That is, he behaves like a five-year-old kid. Mitrofan deliberately manipulates his mother, feeling her boundless love and care.
Perhaps only Eremeevna is trying to admonish the loafer Mitrofan: "Yes, learn at least a little." Mitrofan, in his opinion, does not need to wait for the teachers to arrive: his mother has already taught him the main lessons. Mitrofan Eremeevna's answer could well have belonged to Prostakova: “Well, one more word, old bastard! I'll finish them off...” Given the age of the nanny, Mitrofan's rudeness cannot be justified in any way. Such cases are not uncommon in modern life.
Take, for example, public transport. Very often, during the most intense hours, verbal skirmishes occur between passengers. Recently, I witnessed a situation where an elderly woman turned to a seated young man with a request to give her a seat. The reaction of the modern undergrowth followed immediately, his remark was reminiscent of the words of Mitrofan quoted above. The woman, unlike the accustomed Eremeevna, was very upset: the undeserved insult echoed in her heart with bitterness and pain. It can be assumed that this modern undergrowth behaves in a similar way at home. Obviously, in his family it is customary to insult and humiliate each other. But, on the other hand, it is quite possible that he is just a spoiled sissy. A consumerist, boorish attitude towards loved ones has become the norm for him, spreading to complete strangers.
But back to Mitrofanushka. Cowardice is hidden behind his aggression and rudeness: having been rude to Eremeevna, in a moment he hides behind her back, feeling threatened by Uncle Skotinin. At the same time, Mitrofan is very prudent: by the age of sixteen, he developed his own strategy of behavior, subtly feeling who he can use for his own purposes, and from whom he can receive a worthy rebuff. Mother, as we have already understood, belonged to the first group: she could complain about the offenders, she could be blackmailed.
In the scenes of Mitrofan's teaching, rather the ignorance of the teachers themselves is manifested, and the impromptu examination of the underage gives certain information about his character. We see that despite his ignorance, Mitrofan has a developed logic and is able to think extraordinary. But all these qualities remained in the bud. Their development was hindered, on the one hand, by the natural laziness of a teenager, and on the other, by the general atmosphere of an unfriendly attitude towards science. Do such ignoramuses study in our modern school? Great multitude. At school, such unfortunate students most often have no problems, since parents make every possible effort to ensure that their child receives an education, and then a higher educational institution, which anyone, including Mitrofan, can finish in our time, would be only money from parents. At the end of the institute, detachments of ignoramuses enter adulthood, naturally, their thoughts are not focused on the interests of society and the good of the fatherland. For modern Mitrofanushki, the priority is to ensure their own well-being, the desire to achieve this goal. For them, all means are good. From year to year, our society never ceases to wonder: why do we, having rich, fertile lands, continue to drag out a miserable existence? Alas, the question remains unanswered.
If you look in detail, then there are a lot of people who fit the image of Mitrofanushka from the famous comedy by Fonvizin. It is also necessary to sanctify the fact that of all the works that were created in that era, only "Undergrowth" by D.I. Fonvizin, is still being installed today. This suggests that the comedy has absolutely not lost its topicality and relevance.
To answer the question of whether there are "Mitrofanushki" in our time, you must first find out what the word "undergrowth" means. Before the advent of comedy, this word was absolutely not ironic. So called the children of nobles who did not reach the 15th age. Namely, upon reaching this age, according to the Decree of Tsar Peter the Great, the young man had the right to enter the service.
In Fonvizin, this word takes on an ironic and humorous character. He translates the word "undergrowth" from the age plane, into the plane of mental and social development. “He has grown over the years, but he has not grown up with brains” - this is how many critics characterized the main character of the comedy, whose name has become a household name for two centuries. And it is true, at the mention of this comedy, for almost everyone, the first association is the unfortunate Mitrofanushka. For many, besides laughter and irony, he evokes pity.
Let's analyze this image in more detail. The fact that he is ignorant, absolutely uneducated and uneducated is not only his fault. This "inheritance" he received from his relatives. The Prostakovs-Skotinins, throughout their entire family, never had smart and literate people. Most of the relatives couldn't even read! The lady Prostakova herself, an evil, cruel, illiterate and despotic person, was absolutely sure that education for the nobles was superfluous. Her husband did not exist for her as a person, she hated Sophia and considered a freeloader. Meanwhile, she was very afraid of her brother with huge fists, who most of all in life adored pigs, and when he decided to marry, he certainly wanted to have his own piglets.
The same fear was transmitted to Mitrofan. The author didn't call it that for nothing. The word "Mitrofan" literally means "looks like a mother." It is precisely by this circumstance that Fonvizin emphasizes that what kind of atmosphere and what principles reign in the family, the same is transmitted to children. And the result was not long in coming. Mitrofanushka discusses the door with great pleasure, calling it either a “noun” or an “adjective”. He does not want and does not want to study, because he was not instilled with an interest in this. It cannot even enter his head that it is possible to be useful to society.
Although more than two hundred years have passed since the writing of the comedy, the problems of upbringing in the family are very relevant today. Those children who are not instilled from early childhood with an interest in knowledge, those children who grow up in dysfunctional families, or, conversely, in very rich families, where they fulfill every childish whim and desire, it is in such cases that they grow out of such heirs, “Mitrofanushki ”, who are not accustomed to work, who are antipathetic to moral values and everything else. Unfortunately, there are very, very many cases of "undergrowth" in modern society.
