Federal districts by area. Federal districts of Russia

Federal District of Russia- this is an economic region of the highest level, which is a large territorial and industrial complex, which combines industries of market specialization with industries that complement the territorial complex, and infrastructure.

Federal districts of Russia (Russian Federation) were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" dated May 13, 2000.
In accordance with this Decree, all subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are united into eight federal districts: the Northwestern Federal District, the Central Federal District, the Volga Federal District, the Southern Federal District, the North Caucasian Federal District, the Urals Federal District, the Siberian Federal District , Far Eastern Federal District. Each of the eight existing federal districts has an administrative center.
In accordance with the Federal Law "On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ, the regions of Russia include urban districts and municipal districts.

A municipal district is a combination of several urban or rural settlements or settlements and inter-settlement territories united by a common territory.

An urban district is an urban settlement that is not part of a municipal district.

Russian Federation (Russia)- the largest state in the world by area. The year of foundation of Russia is considered to be 862 (the beginning of Russian statehood). The area of ​​the Russian Federation is 17.1 million km2, and is divided into 83 subjects of the federation in eight federal districts, including 46 regions, 21 republics, 9 territories, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous regions and 2 federal cities.

Federal districts of Russia: Central Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Urals Federal District, Southern Federal District, Siberian Federal District, Volga Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District.

Central Federal District in Russia.

Central Federal District. The administrative center of the federal district is the city of Moscow.

Central Federal District (CFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District”. The territory of the district is 650.3 thousand square meters. km. (3.8%) of the territory of Russia and ranks first in Russia in terms of population. The Central Federal District is located in the central part of the East European Plain, its administrative center is the city of Moscow.
The Central Federal District consists of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Northwestern Federal District in Russia.

NORTH-WESTERN Federal District. Area 1,677,900 sq. km. The administrative center of the district is the city of St. Petersburg.

Northwestern Federal District (NWFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." The North-Western region is located in the north and north-west of the European part of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The center of the Northwestern Federal District is the city of St. Petersburg.
The Northwestern Federal District consists of 11 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Southern Federal District in Russia.

Southern Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Southern Federal District (SFD)- formed by Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the System and Structure of Federal Executive Bodies" .
From the moment of formation on May 13, 2000, the district was called "North Caucasian", by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 of June 21, 2000 - it was renamed into "Southern".
The Southern Federal District is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The Southern Federal District consists of 13 subjects of the Russian Federation

By decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated July 28, 2016 No. 375, the Crimean Federal District was abolished, and its constituent entities - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol - were included in the Southern Federal District.

Volga Federal District in Russia.

Volga Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

Volga Federal District (VFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The Volga Federal District occupies the central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. The center of the Volga Federal District is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The Volga Federal District consists of 14 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Ural Federal District in Russia.

Ural federal district. The administrative center of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.

Ural Federal District (UrFO)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." The center of the Ural Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg.
The Ural Federal District consists of 6 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Federal districts, which in the Russian Federation are essentially a variety of the so-called special districts, are quite well known in the world practice of federal states. 5 The purpose of creating special districts is to ensure effective management in a particular industry and solve problems that are either not at all within the competence of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation, or should be addressed at the interregional level. At the same time, bodies and individual officials in special districts usually implement technical and executive functions.

The purpose and regulatory framework for the creation of federal districts in modern Russia.

The authority of the President of the Russian Federation to appoint and dismiss his plenipotentiaries is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 (clause "k" of Article 83). This constitutional provision lays the foundation for the appointment by the President of any of his representatives, and the head of state actively uses this authority. In practice, the President appoints representatives to other government bodies (the State Duma, the Federation Council, the Constitutional Court, etc.), special representatives on any issue (for example, for negotiations with the European Union on the Kaliningrad Region) and plenipotentiaries to federal districts.

The federal districts were formed in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". This Decree does not name the reasons that prompted the reorganization of the entire system of representatives of the President on the ground (previously, plenipotentiary representatives of the President were appointed to the subjects of the Russian Federation) and the creation of federal districts, but contains a standard phrase: "In order to ensure the implementation by the President of the Russian Federation of his constitutional powers, increase the efficiency of federal bodies of state power and improving the system of control over the execution of their decisions ... "However, many of these reasons arising from this goal are quite obvious:

1. In particular, outside the capital, in some cases at a very remote distance from it, there are objects that are in federal ownership. It cannot be said that they were ownerless, but at best they were managed by separate departments. However, it is known that the departmental interest does not always coincide with the national one.

2. In addition, at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, the problem of bringing the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation into line with federal legislation on issues of joint jurisdiction between Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation became more acute. However, in many cases, the contradictions are rooted not so much in the principled position of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but in the insufficient expert study of draft legislative acts, in the absence of the opportunity to hold consultations with the relevant federal authorities even at the stage of preparing draft laws.

The concept of the federal district. In Russia, a federal district is a territory covering the area of ​​several subjects of the Russian Federation, within which the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation operates. In total, there are seven federal districts on the territory of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the federal districts do not represent administrative units, but only provide a territorial "binding" for the activities of authorized representatives. In fact, the Decree of May 13, 2000 only expanded the territorial boundaries of the functioning of each of the plenipotentiaries of the President of the Russian Federation: before the Decree was adopted, the plenipotentiary acted within one subject of the Russian Federation, as a result of the adoption of the Decree, the limits expanded to several subjects of the Federation.

Plenipotentiary representatives are officials who ensure the exercise by the President of the Russian Federation of their constitutional powers, and in addition to such ensuring activities, representatives do not have any independent powers. Functions of authorized representatives in federal districts. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 (section II) defines as follows main tasks of the plenipotentiary: organization in the relevant federal district of work on the implementation by public authorities of the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state, determined by the President of the Russian Federation; organization of control over the execution in the federal district of decisions of federal government bodies; ensuring the implementation of the personnel policy of the President of the Russian Federation in the federal district; submission to the President of the Russian Federation of regular reports on ensuring national security in the federal district, as well as on the political and economic situation in the federal district, making appropriate proposals to the President of the Russian Federation.

On the whole, the functions vested in the plenipotentiary representative according to the Decree correspond to the main tasks of his activity set in the same decree for such a representative. However, some functions go beyond monitoring and control. Thus, the plenipotentiary representative has the right and even the obligation to organize the interaction of federal executive bodies with state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, political parties, other public and religious associations; to develop, jointly with interregional associations of economic cooperation of subjects of the Russian Federation, programs for the socio-economic development of territories within the federal district.

It should be noted that all authorized representatives took part in the analysis of the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to detect contradictions with federal legislation, so that in the future the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation would be brought into line with federal legislation.

At the same time, some plenipotentiaries in their actions sometimes went beyond the limits established by the Decree of May 13, 2000. Thus, in some cases, plenipotentiaries openly spoke out in support of one or another candidate in elections to state authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, at present, the positions of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation are considered as important political posts.

Hello dear colleague! For effective participation in tenders (public procurement), it is necessary to narrow the search for information about ongoing tenders to a specific region or region.

Why should this be done? Firstly, in a unified information system ( www.zakupki.gov.ru) information is provided on ongoing auctions for all subjects of the Russian Federation and tracking the emergence of new data for all regions is a time-consuming and useless task; Secondly, you need to take into account your capabilities (capabilities of the company) to fulfill contractual obligations in the event of your victory. Suppose your company is located in Moscow, and the Customer is in the Sakhalin Region, you yourself understand that these are additional transportation costs, travel expenses, etc. Thirdly, the Customers themselves are rather skeptical towards procurement participants (suppliers) from other regions and are doing everything possible so that the contract goes to “their own”. Therefore, you need to clearly define for yourself where you will participate and not waste your time and energy on processing all the rest of the information.

Below I have given data on the federal districts and their constituent entities of the Russian Federation. I hope this information will be useful to you, because. this is the main navigation tool for finding information in the unified information system (UIS).

I. Central Federal District (administrative center - Moscow)

1. Belgorod region

2. Bryansk region

3. Vladimir region

4. Voronezh region

5. Ivanovo region

6. Kaluga region

7. Kostroma region

8. Kursk region

9. Lipetsk region

10. Moscow region

11. Oryol region

12. Ryazan region

13. Smolensk region

14. Tambov region

15. Tver region

16. Tula region

17. Yaroslavl region

18. City of federal significance Moscow

II. Southern Federal District (administrative center - Rostov-on-Don)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Adygea

2. Republic of Kalmykia

3. Krasnodar Territory

4. Astrakhan region

5. Volgograd region

6. Rostov region

III. Northwestern Federal District (administrative center - St. Petersburg)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Karelia

2. Komi Republic

3. Arkhangelsk region

4. Vologda region

5. Kaliningrad region

6. Leningrad region

7. Murmansk region

8. Novgorod region

9. Pskov region

10. City of federal significance St. Petersburg

11. Nenets Autonomous Okrug

IV. Far Eastern Federal District (administrative center - Khabarovsk)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2. Kamchatka

3. Primorsky Territory

4. Khabarovsk Territory

5. Amur Region

6. Magadan region

7. Sakhalin region

8. Jewish Autonomous Region

9. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

V. Siberian Federal District (administrative center - Novosibirsk)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Altai

2. Republic of Buryatia

3. Republic of Tyva

4. Republic of Khakassia

5. Altai Territory

6. Trans-Baikal Territory

7. Krasnoyarsk Territory

8. Irkutsk region

9. Kemerovo region

10. Novosibirsk region

11. Omsk region

12. Tomsk region

VI. Ural Federal District (administrative center - Yekaterinburg)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Kurgan region

2. Sverdlovsk region

3. Tyumen region

4. Chelyabinsk region

5. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

6. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

VII. Privolzhsky Federal District (administrative center - Nizhny Novgorod)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Bashkortostan

2. Republic of Mari El

3. Republic of Mordovia

4. Republic of Tatarstan

5. Udmurt Republic

6. Chuvash Republic

7. Kirov region

8. Nizhny Novgorod region

9. Orenburg region

10. Penza region

11. Perm region

12. Samara region

13. Saratov region

14. Ulyanovsk region

VIII. North Caucasian Federal District (administrative center - Pyatigorsk)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Dagestan

2. Republic of Ingushetia

3. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

4. Karachay-Cherkess Republic

5. Republic of North Ossetia - Alania

6. Chechen Republic

7. Stavropol Territory

IX. Crimean Federal District (administrative center - Simferopol)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Crimea

2. City of federal significance Sevastopol

Russia is the largest state in the world. This status predetermines the specifics of its political organization. So, the highest authorities decided to organize the government of the country through the establishment of federal districts. The corresponding model of the political system is to some extent unique from the point of view of world practice. How many federal districts are there in Russia? What is their list?

What is a "federal district"?

The federal district is an administrative and political unit provided for by the system of government in Russia. The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into subjects of the federation. Those, in turn, are united into districts according to a number of geographical, ethno-cultural, social and political characteristics. The respective administrative and political units are headed by authorized representatives of the President of Russia.

List of federal districts

How many federal districts are there in Russia? Now there are 9 of them. Among them:

• Central;
• Northwestern;
• Volga;
• Ural;
• Siberian;
• Far Eastern;
• Southern;
• North Caucasian;
• Crimean.

It should be noted that the North Caucasian District appeared only in 2010. Krymsky - in 2014. How many federal districts in Russia, we now know. Let us now consider in more detail their key characteristics.

Characteristics of the federal districts: Central Federal District

Let's start with the Central Federal District. The plenipotentiary representation - the highest executive body of the administrative-territorial unit in question, is located in Moscow. Among the most important economic characteristics of the Central Federal District is the presence of large volumes of natural resources, especially iron ores, phosphorites, bauxites, and cement raw materials. Another important feature that distinguishes the Central Federal District is that Russia has key financial centers here. The main ones, of course, are in Moscow.

Science-intensive industry is developed in the Central Federal District, including in the machine-building segment. The chemical industry plays an important role in the economic structure of the Central Federal District, especially in such segments as the production of mineral fertilizers and organic synthesis products. Resins, plastics, tires, dyes are produced here. The printing industry and the confectionery segment are also well developed.

The administrative and political structure of the Central Federal District is represented by the regions: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Oryol.

Northwestern Federal District

The structure of the federal districts of Russia includes the North-West. The authorized representative office of the Northwestern Federal District is located in St. Petersburg. In the economic aspect, the Northwestern Federal District can be attributed to the most developed in Russia. Both manufacturing and raw material industries are developed here. The Northwestern Federal District is also characterized by a highly developed transport infrastructure. How many federal districts in Russia have a comparable level of road development? It is difficult to say, since the experience of the Northwestern Federal District is completely unique in this sense.

One of the factors stimulating the growth of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District is the neighborhood with European states - Finland, the Baltic countries, Poland (if we talk about the Kaliningrad region). The Northwestern Federal District is characterized by a huge human resources potential. In the universities of St. Petersburg and other cities, specialists of various profiles are trained, and all of them receive the highest qualifications. The NWFD also contains significant amounts of natural resources.

In the structure of the Northwestern Federal District there are regions: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskov. There are also republics in the Northwestern Federal District: Karelia, Komi.

Southern Federal District

The list of federal districts of Russia includes the Southern Federal District. Its specificity is in a unique, in many respects not typical for the rest of Russia, warm climate. The Southern Federal District of Russia is a national health resort. The region has completely unique thermal springs, mountain springs and artesian wells. There are the largest reserves of tungsten, non-ferrous metals, coal.

After the North Caucasian Federal District was separated from the Southern Federal District in 2010, the structure of the region includes regions: Astrakhan, Volgograd. There are republics in the SFD: Adygea, Kalmykia. The structure of the Southern Federal District includes the Krasnodar Territory. The region is considered as one of the most promising in terms of investment in tourism.

Privolzhsky Federal District

Relatively small in area - about 7.27% of the total territory that Russia possesses, the Volga Federal District plays a crucial economic and political role in the development of the country. Thus, the share of industry in the economic system of the region is about 23.9%. This is one of the highest rates among all federal districts of the Russian Federation.

The industry of the Volga Federal District is represented by mechanical engineering, fuel and energy complex, agriculture, chemical and light industry. There are many republics in the administrative and political structure of the Volga Federal District: Udmurt, Chuvash, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mari El, Mordovia. There are three regions in the Volga Federal District: Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg.

Ural Federal District

How many federal districts in Russia are located in the European part? At the moment - 7. Among those - the Ural Federal District. The authorized representative office of the Ural Federal District is located in Yekaterinburg. The region under consideration is characterized by a unique geography. It is located on the border between Europe and Asia, has significant natural resources and climate.

The leading sectors of the region's economy are oil and gas production, as well as the mining industry. There are significant reserves of iron, non-ferrous and precious metals. The Ural Federal District is characterized by many experts as one of the self-sufficient in terms of provision with resources and necessary technologies.

There are regions in the structure of the Ural Federal District: Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. The Ural Federal District also includes the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Siberian Federal District

How many federal districts are there in Russia that are located in Asia? There are 2 of them. Among them is the Siberian Federal District.

Siberia is a huge Russian region, which is one of the key ones in terms of transport communications. It is understandable: it is through the Siberian roads that the cargo turnover between European and Asian Russia is carried out. Local highways are also of great international importance. Siberia is one of the most economically developed and promising regions of Russia. There are reserves of almost all the resources necessary for the economy.

The structure of the Siberian Federal District includes the following republics: Buryatia, Altai, Tyva, Khakassia. The Siberian Federal District includes regions: Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk. In the structure of the Siberian Federal District there are regions: Altai, Krasnoyarsk.

Far Eastern Federal District

Another federal district of the Russian Federation, which is located in Asia, is the Far East. In terms of area, it is the largest, occupies about 36% of the territory of the state. It is characterized by huge potential in terms of economic development. It has significant volumes of natural resources, in particular, reserves of coal, oil, gas, and metals.

The Far Eastern Federal District includes the regions: Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan. There are regions in the structure of the Far Eastern Federal District: Primorsky, Khabarovsk. The Far Eastern Federal District includes the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

North Caucasian Federal District

The North Caucasian Federal District was formed on January 19, 2010 by separating from the structure of the Southern Federal District. It is characterized by a small area - about 1% of the territory of the state. In the Southern Federal District, the subjects of the Russian Federation are united, characterized by significant cultural and socio-economic proximity.

The NCFD includes the following republics: Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania, Chechnya. The Stavropol Territory is present in the structure of the North Caucasian Federal District. The city of Pyatigorsk located in it is the center of the North Caucasus Federal District. The residence of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for the North Caucasus Federal District is located in Essentuki.

Crimean Federal District

In March 2014, Crimea became part of Russia. Shortly thereafter, the Crimean Federal District was formed. In its structure there are 2 subjects. These are, in fact, the Republic of Crimea, as well as Sevastopol, which has the status of a federal city of the Russian Federation, as well as Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Crimea is one of the most important cultural, historical and tourist centers of Russia. This region is characterized by significant potential not only in the field of tourism, but also in terms of the development of industry, agriculture and other industries. At the level of federal legislation of the Russian Federation, tax preferences have been established for businesses that operate in Crimea. Programs aimed at stimulating intensive economic development of the region have been adopted.

In modern conditions, participation in the world economy and the international geographical division of a group is possible not only at the state level. The subjects of the Russian Federation may independently conclude agreements with other countries and regions of the world. The Far Eastern Federal District already has such experience, which is actively integrating into the economy of the Asia-Pacific region.

A special place in the foreign trade relations of Belarus is occupied by Russian regions. Agreements and contracts with 60 constituent entities of the Russian Federation have been signed and are in effect! The main trading partners are Moscow (34% of the trade turnover between Russia and Belarus), the Tyumen region, St. Petersburg, the Moscow region.

In this regard, it is necessary to know not only the specialization of Russia in the world economy, but also the specialization of its individual regions. Let us consider the geographical specifics of the regions of Russia within the federal districts, which were organized by the Decree of the President of Russia of May 13, 2000 in order to increase the efficiency of the activities of federal government bodies. As a result, all subjects of the Russian Federation were grouped into seven federal districts(Fig. 32). Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia have been appointed to each of them.

Rice. 32. Administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation. Federal districts

List of subjects of the Russian Federation by federal districts and their centers

1. Central Federal District: Belgorod region, Bryansk region. Vladimir Region, Voronezh Region, Ivanovo Region, Kaluga Region, Kostroma Region, Kursk Region, Lipetsk Region, Moscow Region, Orel Region, Ryazan Region, Smolensk Region, Tambov Region, Tver Region. Tula region, Yaroslavl region, Moscow. The center of the federal district is Moscow.

2.Northwestern Federal District: Republic of Karelia, Republic of Komi, Arkhangelsk Region, Vologda Region, Kaliningrad Region, Leningrad Region, Murmansk Region, Novgorod Region, Pskov Region, St. Petersburg, Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is St. Petersburg.

3. Southern Federal District: Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Volgograd Region, Rostov Region.

The center of the federal district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

4. Volga Federal District: Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), Udmurt Republic, Chuvash Republic - Chavash Republic, Kirov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Orenburg Region, Penza Region, Samara Region, Saratov Region, Ulyanovsk Region, Perm Territory.

The center of the federal district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

5. Ural federal district: Kurgan region, Sverdlovsk region, Tyumen region, Chelyabinsk region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is Yekaterinburg.

6. Siberian Federal District: Republic of Altai, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tyva, Republic of Khakassia, Altai Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, Kemerovo Region, Novosibirsk Region. Omsk region. Tomsk region, Chita region, Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is Novosibirsk.

7. Far Eastern Federal District: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Kamchatka Territory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is the city of Khabarovsk.