1. With the help of additional literature or the Internet learn about one of the heroes of the oral epic creativity of the peoples of your region. Write a short story about him. For example: Ilya Muromets - the hero of Russian epics, the winner of the Nightingale the Robber, the guard on the border of ancient Russian lands.
Russian hero Alyosha Popovich is the youngest in the trinity of himself, Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich. Alyosha is mentioned in more than fifty epics. In epics, he is not described as a hero with extraordinary strength. But God endowed him with ingenuity, cunning, quick wit.
His homeland was Rostov. When the hero Alyosha Popovich was born into the world, thunder rumbled. While still a baby, he asks his mother to be swaddled not with films, but with chain mail.
One of the most popular epics was Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin. It describes how Alyosha defeats the evil hero Tugarin in a battle in Kyiv.
Draw an illustration for one of the exploits of this hero.
2. Match the years and centuries. Fill in the table
| Year |
Century |
| 1861 | 19th century (19th century) |
| 74 | 1st century (1st century) |
| 1492 | 15th century (15th century) |
| 2000 | 20th century (20th century) |
| 988 | 10th century (10th century) |
| 1945 | 20th century (20th century) |
| 2015 | 21st century (21st century) |
3. Write down the years of birth of your grandparents, parents and the year you were born. Determine and write down which centuries these years correspond to.
Birth of a grandmother: 1953 - XX century
Birth of a grandfather: 1950 - 20th century
Mother's birth: 1979 - XX century
Pope's birth: 1978 - XX century
My birth: 2007 - XXI century
Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram the centuries when these events occurred. To do this, cut out the tablets, stick them on and indicate the corresponding centuries with arrows.
4. Using the text of the textbook, determine the age when the ancient Greek historian and traveler Herodotus lived.
Herodotus (about 484 BC - about 425 BC) lived in the 5th century BC.
5. Project "Calendar of Memorable Dates". Start compiling a "Calendar of memorable dates." Collect calendar pages in a folder. When preparing pages, use the following plan:
1. Memorial Day (date, month).
2. The name of the event or the name of an outstanding figure in history and culture.
3. Dates of birth and death of an outstanding figure in history and culture.
4. His contribution to the history and culture of the country.
5. If the memorable date is dedicated to a significant event, write a short description of it.
You can supplement the text of the calendar with illustrations at your discretion.
Using the material of the textbook "The World Around. Grade 4" (p. 6), additional literature, the Internet, make a trial version of the first page of the calendar dedicated to Nestor - the chronicler - the father of Russian history. Exchange each other's work. Then, together, discuss individual versions of the first page in order to make one collective version of the best works in your common folder. So you will start working on a cool "Calendar of memorable dates".
November 9 - the day of memory of the chronicler Nestor
(c. 1056 - 1114) 
Monk of the Kiev Caves Monastery. At the beginning of the 12th century, he compiled the oldest chronicle that has come down to us - "The Tale of Bygone Years". Summer is the name of the year in ancient Russia. The words "In the summer ..." began a record of events that took place in a particular year. Hence the word "chronicle". Handwritten books about the events of ancient history, information about which is presented by years (years), - this is the chronicle.
The main place in Russian oral epic (narrative) creativity is occupied by the epic, or, as it was called in the old days, starina (with emphasis on the first syllable).
Bylina is a song narrative, with a special rhythm, which tells about real events of different historical eras from the 11th to the 16th centuries. The main theme of the epics is the beauty of their native land, which is endangered by foreigners, and the heroes, real people or collective characters, fight and defeat the enemy. The protagonist of the epic is always a patriot of his homeland.
Epics are oral art, therefore. that began to be recorded only in the 19th century, and, before that, were passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.
Epics of pagan Slavic tribes are more like myths, the heroes of which are fantastic creatures that use magic and magic. The new characters of the epics of Christian Ancient Russia, people are heroes, heroes, who, although they sometimes fight with fairy-tale characters, such as the Serpent-Gorynych and the Nightingale the Robber, and, as a rule, have courage, incredible strength and endurance, nevertheless people with human feelings and human vulnerability. The word "hero" was applied to the heroes of epics only in the 19th century, in Ancient Russia they were called "horobr" - a hero, a brave man.
The most famous Russian epic heroes are Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. They served the princes Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko (a collective image, the hero of epics) and Vladimir Monomakh, performing patriotic deeds.
Ilya Muromets - the hero of Russian epics, the image of a great warrior, is the main character of many epics relating to the Kievan period of Russia, the time of countless raids of Tatars, Pechenegs and other foreign invaders into Russia. The great hero until the age of 33 was paralyzed and sat "sitting" until he was cured, having received strength from the Magi (priests of Ancient Russia). Epics tell about the victory of Ilya Muromets over the Nightingale the Robber (a humanoid monster who kills with a whistle), Idolish (hero - "non-Christ", invader), over the real enemies of the Russian land.
It is believed that Ilya Muromets was a real-life peasant son, he received his strength thanks to magic, and when he grew old, he went to the monastery. The relics of the monk Elijah are kept in the Kiev-Pechora Lavra.
Dobrynya Nikitich served Prince Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko, was an educated man and very close to the prince. One of his epic feats is the victory over the Serpent Gorynych and the rescue of the prince's niece, Zabava, from the snake captivity. It is believed that the prototype of Dobrynya Nikitich is the voivode Dobrynya, the uncle of Prince Vladimir, who really existed in those days.
Alyosha Popovich is a collective image of the Russian epic hero. According to the epics, Alyosha Popovich, a native of a priestly family, was not physically strong, but he was cunning, smart and resourceful, which helped him defeat the enemy not only by force, but also by deceit. The brightest victory of Alyosha Popovich, the victory over Tugarin, the evil steppe hero, whom Alyosha cut and drowned in the river. The image of Alyosha Popovich is ambiguous. Because of his complex nature with an abundance of negative traits, in one of the epics, he is killed by the brothers of a girl whom he mistreated.
Heroes of epics of the later, Novgorod period. they rarely fight anymore, because in those days, the raids on Russia stopped. One of the heroes of the Novgorod epics is the great harpist Sadko, who sank to the bottom of the sea and, his playing the harp, fascinated the Sea Tsar so much that he invited him to marry the "sea maiden" and stay at the bottom of the sea forever. But Sadko really wanted to return to earth, home, and Nicholas the Wonderworker helps him in this. In the image of Sadko, although he is not a warrior, patriotism remains the main feature - he prefers the land on which he was born to all the treasures of the bottom of the sea.
Epics are a literary monument of history, which are still the basis for the creation of literary, musical and artistic works.
Ilya Muromets is the most famous, but at the same time the most mysterious hero of the Russian epic. It is difficult to find such a person in Russia who would never have heard of this glorious hero from the ancient city of Murom. Most people know about him only what they remember from childhood from epics and fairy tales, and are often amazed by the complexity and ambiguity of this image. Scientists of various specialties have been struggling to resolve the mysteries associated with it for almost two centuries, but the secrets still remain.
Our ancestors of the 16th - early 19th centuries. there was no doubt that Ilya Muromets was a real historical figure, a warrior who served the Kyiv prince.
The usual beginning of epic tales, where Ilya leaves “Whether from that city from Murom, from that village from Karacharov”, it would seem, leaves no room for doubt that he comes from the ancient Russian city of Murom, where not far from him there still exists the ancient village of Karacharovo. But doubts about the origin of the epic hero arose both in the last century and in our time. They are trying to connect the famous hero with the Chernihiv region, where there are the cities of Moroviysk and Karachev, and where there are also legends about Ilya Muromets. But if we turn to an ordinary geographical map, it is clear that these two cities are separated by hundreds of kilometers and it is absurd to talk about the “Morovian city of Karachev”. Meanwhile, it is impossible not to notice that Murom, Karachev, Chernigov, Moroviysk and Kyiv lie on the same line. This is precisely the same “straight path” that the hero traveled from his native Murom to Kyiv “through those forests, Brynsky, across the Smorodinnaya River”, through the village of Nine Oaks, not far from Karachev. That is, there is no contradiction between classical epics and Karachev legends. It is also worth noting that the ancient city of Murom was part of the Chernigov Principality for quite a long time. The confinement of the name of the epic hero to the city of Murom is consistent with both epic and historical reality. Murom and the Principality of Murom were quite significant both in the times of Kyiv, Vladimir-Suzdal, and in the times of Muscovite Russia to become the birthplace of Ilya Muromets.
Meanwhile, Russian chronicles do not mention his name. On the other hand, he is the main character not only of our epics, but also of German epic poems of the 13th century, based on earlier legends. In them, he is represented by a mighty knight, a princely family, Ilya the Russian. In a documentary source, the name of this famous hero was first mentioned in 1574. The envoy of the Roman Emperor Erich Lassota, who visited Kyiv in 1594, left a description of the tomb of Ilya Muromets, located in the heroic chapel of St. Sophia Cathedral.
Epos is nothing more than artistic literature. Its main features are eventfulness, narration, lyrical digressions and dialogues. are both prosaic and poetic. Similar stories can be found in folk literature. Often they are described in the works of specific authors.
folk epic
In the minds of primitive people, some rudiments of art and science, morality, religion and other types of directions of social development inseparably existed. Only a little later they all gained independence.
Verbal art has become a part of cult, religious, household and labor rites, the main expression of which is the most ancient legends. It was in them that those, sometimes fantastic, ideas that people had about themselves and about the world around them were reflected.
One of the most ancient types of folk art is a fairy tale. This is a work that has a magical, adventurous or everyday character, which has an inextricable link with reality. His heroes are the heroes of oral epic creativity.
The prescientific ideas of people about the world are also reflected in myths. This is a story about spirits and gods, as well as epic heroes.
Legends are close to myths. They are semi-fantastic tales about events that actually happened. The heroes of legends are people who really lived in those days.
Epics tell about the historical events that took place in Ancient Russia. songs or poetry. In them, the epic hero is, as a rule, a hero. He invariably embodies the people's ideals of love for the native land and courage. We are all familiar with the epic names of the heroes of Russian epics. These are Alyosha Popovich and Ilya Muromets, as well as Dobrynya Nikitich. However, epic heroes are not only heroes. Glorified in epics and a man of labor. Among them, Mikula Selyaninovich is a hero-plowman. Narratives about other characters were also created. This is Svyatogor - a giant, Sadko - a merchant-gusler and others.
Heroes of the epic
The main character in epics, fairy tales and myths is a person. At the same time, epic heroes personify the people. What they have to face in life is nothing but the fate of the state and society.
Epic heroes are devoid of any selfish traits whatsoever. In addition, they are internally and externally connected with the cause of the whole people.
Epic heroes are people who are not at all devoid of personal psychology. However, its basis is necessarily nationwide. This circumstance makes the participant of the events described in the works the hero of the epic. Moreover, he can be not only a winner, but also defeated, not only strong, but also powerless. But he will certainly become an epic hero if he is in unity with the life of the people.
world heritage
Every nation has its own heroic epics. They reflect the customs and way of life of a particular nation, its view of the world around and its basic values.
The most striking example of the heroic epic of the Eastern Slavs is the epic about Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber. Here the main character is the hero. Ilya Muromets is an epic hero, the central figure of many works of this kind. He is presented by the writers as the main defender of his homeland and people, reflecting all the basic values of the Eastern Slavs.
Among the most striking works of the Armenian epic is the poem "David of Sasun". This work reflects the struggle of the people against the invaders. The central figure of this poem is the personification of the spirit of people striving to gain freedom and defeat foreign conquerors.
In the German heroic epic, such a work as the Nibelungenlied stands out. This is a legend about knights. The main character of this work is the mighty and courageous Siegfried. The characterization of the epic hero is visible from the narrative. He is fair, and even when he becomes a victim of betrayal and betrayal, he remains generous and noble.
An example of the French epic is the "Song of Roland". The main theme of this poem is the struggle of the people against the conquerors. The protagonist is endowed with courage and nobility.
The English heroic epic contains many ballads about Robin Hood. This is a legendary robber and protector of all the unfortunate and poor. The ballads speak of his courage, nobility and cheerful disposition.
Ilya Muromets
The most striking distinguishing feature of the epic is the heroic nature of its narrative. From such works it becomes clear who is the people's favorite, and for what merits.
The most vivid image of the epic hero of Ancient Russia, Ilya Muromets, was reflected in the epics relating to the Kyiv cycle. Their action takes place either in Kyiv itself or near it. At the center of each story is Prince Vladimir. The main theme of these epics is the protection of Russia from the southern nomads.
In addition to Ilya Muromets, such heroes as Alyosha Popovich and Dobrynya Nikitich take part in the events. According to researchers, there are a total of 53 plots of Russian heroic epics. Ilya Muromets is the main character in fifteen of them. The epics present the entire biography of the Russian hero, starting from his birth and ending with his death. Let's consider some of them in more detail.
Healing of Ilya Muromets
From this epic it becomes clear that its main character was the son of a peasant. He, a cripple, was miraculously healed by the elders. They also sent the young man to serve in Kyiv in order to defend Russia from a formidable enemy. Before leaving his native village, Ilya Muromets accomplished his first feat. He plowed the peasant field. And here the heroic strength of this man is already shown. After all, he easily uprooted stumps in the field, and this work has always been one of the most difficult. There is nothing surprising in the fact that this feat was one of the first to be reflected in the epic. After all, the peaceful labor of the peasant has always served as the source of his life.
Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber
In this epic, several main historical episodes are distinguished at once. The first of them concerns the liberation of Chernigov, which was besieged by an enemy force. The inhabitants of the city asked Ilya Muromets to stay with them and be the governor. However, the hero refuses and goes to serve in Kyiv. On the way he meets the Nightingale the Robber. This one looks like a bird, and a man, and a monster. Its resemblance to the nightingale is determined by the fact that it lives in a nest in a tree and can whistle just like this bird. He is a robber because he attacks people. It can be called a monster because of the devastating effects of the whistle.
It was extremely important for the people who created this work that the kind and noble fellow Ilya Muromets defeated the Nightingale the Robber from an ordinary bow with only one shot. It is also important that there is no exaggeration of human strength in this episode. At the same time, the narrator expressed his assertion about the obligatory victory of good over evil. Thanks to this feat, Ilya Muromets stood out from all the heroes. He became the main defender of his native land, the center for which is the city of Kyiv.
Russian bogatyrs
These heroes of an epic work always have remarkable strength. It is thanks to her that they become extraordinary people. But, despite this, in all the stories, the hero is an ordinary person, and not some kind of magical creature.
In epics, these people, who have the best qualities, resist evil in the face of snakes, monsters, as well as enemies. Bogatyrs are the force that is always able to protect their native land, restore justice. They always stand on the side of the truth. Stories about such an ideal force speak of the fact that our people have always dreamed of it.
The main features of Ilya Muromets
This hero is the most beloved hero of Russian epics. He is endowed with powerful strength, which gives him endurance and confidence. Ilya has a sense of dignity, which he will never give up even in the face of the Grand Duke.
The people represent this hero as the protector of all orphans and widows. Ilya hates the boyars, telling them the whole truth to their faces. However, this hero forgets the offense when trouble hangs over his native land. In addition, he calls on other heroes to come to the defense, but not of Prince Vladimir, but of the mother of the Russian land. For this he performs his feats.
Prince Vladimir
This character is also present in many epics about Ilya Muromets. At the same time, the capital prince Vladimir is not a hero at all. In the epic about Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber, he does not commit any bad deeds. The narrator shows him as a man without courage. After all, the Kyiv prince was frightened by the Nightingale the Robber brought to the city. However, there are other epics. In them, Vladimir is unfair and treats Ilya Muromets badly.
Mikula Selyaninovich
This hero is found in several epics. They also tell about Volga and Svyatogor.
Mikula Selyaninovich is an epic hero, a hero and a wonderful plowman. His image is the personification of the entire Russian peasantry, bearing "earthly traction."
According to the story, it is impossible to fight with this hero. After all, his entire family is loved by “mother damp earth” - one of the most mysterious and monumental images that exists in the Russian epic.
Based on ancient concepts, Mikula Selyaninovich is an Oratay. His patronymic means "tiller".
Mikula Selyaninovich is an epic hero whose image is constantly accompanied by a halo of glory and sacralization. The people perceived him as a peasant patron, the god of Russia, St. Nicholas. Sacralization is present even in the image of a plow, a plow, as well as in the very act of plowing.
According to epics, the main thing in the life of Mikula Selyaninovich is work. His image embodies peasant strength, for only this hero is able to lift "handbags" with a "thrust for the earth."
Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich
The people created this epic for several centuries. At the same time, it is not known whether Mikula Selyaninovich is a real person who lived in those distant times or not. But Oleg Svyatoslavovich is a prince, a cousin of Vladimir Monomakh and a grandson of Yaroslav the Wise.
What is this legend about? It tells about the meeting of two heroes - the prince and the peasant. Prior to that, each of them was engaged in their own affairs. The prince fought, and the plowman It is interesting that in this epic the oratay is dressed in festive clothes. These are the rules of these works. The hero must always be handsome. The image of Volga (Oleg Svyatoslavovich) is opposed to the everyday work of a peasant. At the same time, the work of a plowman is revered in the epic more than a military one.
And this is not accidental, because in those days any plowman could become a good warrior. However, not all soldiers were able to cope with heavy peasant labor. This is confirmed by the episode when the prince's team could not even pull the fry out of the ground. Mikula Selyaninovich pulled it out with one hand, and even shook it off the stuck lumps. Volga yielded to the plowman the primacy in labor and praised him. In his words, one can feel pride in a strong hero who copes with a task that is beyond the strength of the entire squad.
The attitude of the people to the hero
Proving that Mikula is an epic hero is easy. After all, his image, personifying peasant strength, is imbued with great respect. This is also felt in connection with the use of affectionate words when the hero is called oratay-oratayushko.
The modesty of the hero is also welcomed by the people. After all, he talks about his deeds without any boasting.
Svyatogor
This hero is also the oldest Russian epic. In his image, the absolute universal force finds its personification. Svyatogor is the most powerful person in the world. It is so heavy and huge that even the "mother earth" itself cannot withstand it. That is why the hero has to ride a horse only in the mountains.
In one of the epics, where two heroes met, the image of Mikula becomes somewhat different, acquiring a cosmic sound. Once it happened that Svyatogor, riding a horse, saw a young fellow on foot. He tried to catch up with Mikula, but he could not do it.
In another epic, a peasant hero asks Svyatogor to pick up a bag that has fallen to the ground. However, he failed in this task. Mikula lifted the bag with only one hand. At the same time, he spoke about the fact that there is an “earthly burden” in it, which only a peaceful and hardworking plowman can overpower.
The second part of the workbook for the 4th grade on the subject "The World around" by the authors Pleshakov, Novitskaya (Perspective program) is quite complicated, but the children are no longer small, able to understand both history and archeology. Basically, in this workbook, or rather in its second part, history is touched upon.
Fundamental here is the "river of time", which is being worked on throughout the second half of the school year. Apparently, at the lessons of the "surrounding world" the authors decided to prepare the children in advance for the lessons of history, which they will begin to study in the 5th grade.
At the end of the notebook, Pleshakov again turns to the topic of folk art, apparently trying to instill in his students patriotism, which he failed to instill from the first grade.
Answers to tasks are checked and approved by the primary school teacher.
Click on the page numbers to view the GDZ for them.
Page 3
Answers to pages 3-5. JOURNEY ON THE RIVER OF TIME
1. With the help of additional literature or the Internet, find out about one of the heroes of the oral epic creativity of the peoples of your region. Write a short story about him.
Alyosha Popovich is a folk hero of the Russian epic epic. Alyosha Popovich, as the youngest, is the third in importance in the heroic trinity, along with Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich. He defeated Tugarin, the hero of the enemy army, in battle. Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength, but by prowess, onslaught, sharpness, resourcefulness, cunning.
Draw an illustration for one of the exploits of this hero.
2. Match the years and centuries. Fill in the table.
1861 19
74 1
1492 15
2000 20
988 10
1945 20
2015 21
3. Write down the years of birth of your grandparents, parents and the year you were born. Determine and write down which centuries these years correspond to.
Sample answers:
grandmother's birth - 1953 - 20th century
birth of grandfather - 1952 - 20th century
mother's birth - 1983 - 20th century
birth of the pope - 1976 - 20th century
my birth - 2008 - 21st century
Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram (p. 40-41) the centuries when these events took place. Cut out the tablets from the application, stick them on and indicate the corresponding eyelids with arrows.
Description of the "River of Time" scheme:
3rd-7th centuries BC - domination of the Scythians
5th c. BC. - 484-425 years. - Herodotus
9th c. - 862 - Calling Rurik to reign in Novgorod
10th c. - 988 - Baptism of Russia
12th c. - 1147 - The first mention of Moscow.
14th c. - 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo
15th c. - 1480 - The end of the Horde dominion over Russia
16th century - 1564 - Publication of the first Russian printed book
17th century - 1613 - End of the Time of Troubles
18th century - 1712 - St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia
19th century - 1812 - Patriotic War
19th century - 1861 - The abolition of serfdom in Russia
19th century - 1891 - Start of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
20th century - 1914 - The beginning of the First World War
20th century - 1917 - Revolutions and the beginning of the Civil War in Russia
20th century - 1941-1945 - The Great Patriotic War
20th century - Birth of my grandparents
20th century - 1961 - First manned flight into space
20th century - The birth of my dad and mom
20th century - 1991 - Formation of the Russian Federation
21st century - 200? g. - My birth *
21st century - 201? d. - Graduation from elementary school *
* You put down these dates on the "River of Time" yourself.
4. Using the text of the textbook, determine the age when the ancient Greek historian and traveler Herodotus lived. Mark this age on the diagram "River of Time"...
Answer: Herodotus lived in the 5th century.
5. Project "Calendar of Memorable Dates".
Start compiling a "Calendar of memorable dates." Collect calendar pages in a folder. Using the textbook material (p. 6), additional literature, the Internet, make a trial version of the first page of the calendar, dedicated to Nestor the chronicler - the father of Russian history.
When preparing pages, use the following plan:
1. Memorial Day (day, month)
2. The name of the event or the name of an outstanding figure in history and culture.
3. Dates of birth and death of an outstanding figure.
4. His contribution to the history and culture of the country.
5. If the memorable date is dedicated to a significant event, write a short description of it.
(c. 1056 - 1114)
The chronicler Nestor was a monk and lived in the Kiev Caves Monastery. Based on oral traditions, he compiled the first book on the history of Ancient Russia and gave it the title "The Tale of Bygone Years".
This oldest historical document describes a period of history from biblical times to 1117. The dated part of the history of the Old Russian state begins with the reign of Emperor Michael (852).
Monuments to Nestor the Chronicler were erected in Kyiv and Vladimir.
Page 6-7. TRAVELING WITH ARCHAEOLOGISTS
1. Find on the map the location of the Scythian burial mounds on Russian soil. Mark them by sticking deer figurines from the Application.
Crimea, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Voronezh and Belgorod Regions, Orenburg Regions, Altai.
2. Using the large deer figurine from the Appendix, mark the centuries of the Scythian domination on the "River of Time" diagram.
3. Using the textbook, make a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to A.P. Okladnikov.
Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (October 3, 1908 - November 18, 1981).
Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. The main works of Okladnikov are devoted to studies of the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, the history of Siberia and the Far East.
Born in the family of a teacher. Even at school, he was fond of history and local history. In 1925, Okladnikov entered the University of Irkutsk, where he replenished his knowledge in the "Ethnology" circle of Professor B. E. Petri.
About Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov they say that he had a unique capacity for work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. In archeology, he was a real ace. Only the list of works written by Okladnikov amounted to about 80 pages of the smallest text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexey Pavlovich's whole life was spent on archaeological expeditions, he traveled the Asian part of the former USSR up and down and often wrote his books, sitting by the fire.
He made scientific discoveries in passing, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexei Pavlovich was on an excursion next to the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who admired the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a man of the Stone Age could make. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, material evidence of which was searched in vain by scientists all over the world.
In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of the presence of an ancient person there. They searched for several years, but to no avail. Aleksey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.
In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of the ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and spent decades conducting his research there, as a result of which he published two fundamental monographs.
In the 1930s, Okladnikov headed the Angarsk archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara for 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow at that time to launch excavations of any significant scale. Ancient monuments could only be fixed and, at best, briefly examined.
During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia on the Lena River. At the same time, he began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition on the northern island of Thaddeus and in the region of the Taimyr Peninsula (Sims Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who went east along the shores of the Arctic Ocean.
For more than half a century, every summer, Okladnikov went on expeditions to search for and study traces of the presence of an ancient man on the territory of our country. He has the honor of discovering a number of remarkable monuments of the distant past: sites and rock carvings, discovered and studied under his leadership on the Angara, Lena, Kolyma, Selenga, Amur and Ussuri, for the first time made it possible to accurately and fully present the history of the ancient inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East for many years. millennia.
In 1961, Okladnikov went to work at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Akdemgorodok). He was appointed director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. He held this position until his death in 1981. Now Okladnikov's work is continued by his numerous students who work in every city where there is a history department at the university.
Source: Irkipedia
Answers to pages 8-9. ON THE PAGES OF THE CHRONICLE
1. Using the map of the textbook, color the places of settlement of the ancient Slavs on the map in the appropriate colors. Sign the names of the unions of the tribes of the Eastern Slavs.
See textbook.
2. Visit the local museum of local lore. Look at and draw some archaeological finds.
Write a short story about what these archaeological finds told you about the past of the region.
In the museum of local lore, I saw many archaeological finds that told me about the life of people many years ago. One of the finds is the pottery of ancient people. This means that many centuries ago people were able to make objects from clay and burn them.
Ancient people were also engaged in animal husbandry, hunting and fishing. This becomes clear thanks to other exhibits of the museum - iron household items. Among them are tips, fishing hooks and weights, harness for livestock.
The museum also has ancient weapons. This means that these people fought, or they had to defend themselves from enemies.
But the pagan figurines made of stone and clay speak of who the ancient people worshipped.
Page 10-11. ORIGINS OF ANCIENT RUSSIA
2. Using the text of the textbook, fill in the gaps.
AT 10 century in Russia was no less 25 cities. By the 12th century there were already more 300 .
3. Designate the century on the "river of time" diagram. when Rurik was called to reign in Novgorod.
See the picture above "The River of Time".
4. Match the texts on birch bark and fragments of their translation in the appendices. Paste the translation in each charter.
Page 12-13. WISE CHOICE
1. Designate on the river of time the age of the adoption of Christianity in Russia.
See the picture The River of Time.
Calculate how much time has passed from the year of the baptism of Russia to the current year. Write down this number.
Answer: 2019 - 988 = 1031 years
2. Cut out photos from the application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.
3. Carefully read the Christian commandments on p. 21 textbooks. Remember your actions that are in accordance with these commandments, and give examples of them.
Answer: When I tell the truth, I fulfill the commandment "Do not lie." And if I do not envy another, then I act according to the commandment "Do not desire." When I obey my parents, respect them, then I fulfill the commandment "Honor your father and mother."
4. Match the dates of the days of memory and photos. Connect with lines.
5. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compile a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to the creator of Slavic writing Cyril and Methodius, Princess Olga or Prince Vladimir the Holy (optional).
Cyril (827-869) and Methodius (815-885)
CYRIL AND METHODIUS - brothers from Thessalonica (Thessaloniki), Slavic enlighteners, creators of the Slavic alphabet, preachers of Christianity. Cyril and Methodius in 863 were invited from Byzantium by Prince Rostislav to the Great Moravian state to introduce worship in the Slavic language.
Our alphabet is now almost in the form in which it was brought to Russia by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. They translated many books, mostly religious, from Greek into Slavonic, introduced services in the Slavic language. They suffered a lot of persecution from the Roman Catholics for this: they did not want the Slavs to have their own script. To this the brothers answered: "Does not the sun shine for all, does it not rain for all, does not the Word of God's truth come to all, and in the language that man speaks?"
The chronicler reports that the first words written by the brothers in Slavic were from the Gospel of John: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."
On the basis of the Slavic alphabet there was an alphabetic prayer. "Az buki lead" in translation: I know (know) the letters. "Verb, good, eat, live" in translation: it's good to live kindly. "Kako, people, think" - this does not need to be translated. As well as "rtsy, the word, firmly," that is: speak the word confidently, firmly.
The day of the holy Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius is celebrated just on the day when the last bell rings in our schools, May 24th. This day is a holiday of Slavic writing and culture.
Page 14-15. HEIR OF KIEVAN RUSSIA
1. Using the Internet, find out the years of foundation or the first mention of the cities of North-Eastern Russia. Fill the table.
2. Read a fragment from the Russian epic ... Write down parental instructions from the epic or the blessing of Vladimir Monomakh, which seem to you the most important in our time. You can write in your own words.
Do only good deeds
don't hurt the weak
help the poor, orphans, widows
do not break your oath, keep your promises
don't punish the innocent
3. Indicate with arrows which attractions are in Kyiv and which are in Vladimir.
4. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, make a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.
Andrei Yurievich Bogolyubsky (c. 1111 - 1174)
Andrei Bogolyubsky is the son of Yuri Vladimirovich (Dolgoruky) and the Polovtsian princess, the daughter of Khan Aepa Osenevich.
According to the late "Life of Andrei Bogolyubsky" (1701), Andrei Yuryevich received the nickname "Bogolyubsky" after the name of the city of Bogolyubov near Vladimir, his main residence.
Andrei Bogolyubsky was the most important political and spiritual figure in the history of Russia in 1160-1170, as he not only contributed to the creation of a powerful Vladimir-Suzdal principality (on the site of the former Rostov fiefdom of his grandfather, Vladimir Monomakh), but also turned the city of Vladimir-on- Klyazma to the center of the political and spiritual life of Russia.
During the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality achieved considerable power and was the strongest in Russia, and later it became the core of the modern Russian state.
Andrei's father, the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky, sought to establish himself in Kyiv and waged endless feuds with his opponents. Andrei was forced for the time being to obey his father's will. During periods of short-term reigns of Yuri in Kyiv, he ruled in neighboring destinies - Vyshgorod, Turov, Pinsk (1149-1151, 1155). But he did not like reigning in the troubled southern lands, where his fate would depend on the mood of the squad and the veche decisions of the townspeople.
Power-hungry and capricious in character, Andrei wanted to give a dominant position among the Russian principalities to the Rostov-Suzdal land, to make it the center of state life in Russia. This prompted him in 1155 to flee to the Suzdal land against the will of his father.
The residence founded by the prince in Bogolyubovo became Andrei's favorite place of residence, who has since been nicknamed Bogolyubsky. In 1157, after the death of Yuri Dolgoruky, the people of Rostov and Suzdal unanimously proclaimed Andrei a prince. But he chose not Suzdal, but Vladimir, as the capital of the principality, where he launched stone construction on a grand scale.
Under Andrei, the Golden Gates, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, the Assumption Cathedral were built - world-famous masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture - many monasteries, temples, fortifications.
Bogolyubsky dispossessed and expelled four of his brothers, two nephews, dissatisfied with his autocracy of the boyars. These measures strengthened the princely positions, but at the same time increased the number of enemies.
However, Andrei's political interests extended far beyond the borders of North-Eastern Russia. The reason for one of the strife was the fact that the Kyiv prince Mstislav Izyaslavich - Andrey's longtime opponent - of his own free will sent his son Roman to reign in Novgorod.
In 1169, the united army of 11 princes, equipped with Bogolyubsky, moved to Kyiv. The devastated and plundered city forever lost its former significance as the center of Russia, and the leadership in the Russian lands finally passed to the city of Vladimir.
Page 16-17. MOSCOW - VLADIMIR'S SUCCESSOR
1. Indicate on the "river of time" diagram the century of the first mention of Moscow in the annals. (12th century)
2. Consider a reproduction of the painting. Use it to write a story about Moscow in the time of Ivan Kalita.
The reproduction of A. M. Vasnetsov "The Moscow Kremlin under Ivan Kalita" depicts ancient Moscow. It can be seen that this is a fortified city - a fortress and a fence were built around it. Almost all buildings are wooden, including the fortress and the towers on it. Only temples are built of stone.
Moscow began to be built on the banks of the river. On the reproduction we see that boats are standing at the pier. Probably, they brought some kind of cargo for the residents of Moscow or for the construction of the city.
It can also be noted that the roads in those days were very bad, and the movement was carried out with the help of horses. As you can see in the picture, horses are pulling carts with cargo. At the same time, there were already some devices for lifting the load, as can be seen in the lower right part of the reproduction.
3. Find songs, legends, proverbs and other works of art in the works of the peoples of your region, in which the dream of people about peace and harmony with each other is expressed.
To live in neighbors is to be in conversations.
What are the neighbors, such is the conversation.
Don't buy a yard, buy a neighbor.
Do not buy yourself a house, but buy a neighbor: you will buy a house, but you will not sell your neighbor.
Be friends with your neighbor, but hold on to your sword.
Be friends with your neighbor, and you are a city.
Neighborhood is mutual.
It's a bad thing to offend a neighbor.
What more to annoy a neighbor, if not with a tongue?
Thistles and sow thistles make their way from neighbor to neighbor under the tyn.
What is at home, do not go to the neighbor for that.
4. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the Battle of Kulikovo took place. (14th century)
5. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, make a page of the "calendar of memorable dates" dedicated to the Battle of Kulikovo.
The Battle of Kulikovo - the battle of the Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich and the Horde army under the command of Khan Mamai on September 8, 1380 on the Kulikovo field (currently located in the southeast of the Tula region), a turning point in the struggle of the Russian people against the yoke Golden Horde.
In 1380, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich sat on the Moscow throne. At that time, Russia was fragmented into principalities and was under the yoke of the Mongol-Tatars. Dmitry was well aware that in order to successfully fight the Mongol-Tatars, all Russian principalities must join their forces.
Prince Dmitry sent messengers throughout Russia with his letters and in 30 days gathered a huge army. Sergius of Radonezh, the founder of the Trinity Monastery, blessed the prince for the battle with the Mongol-Tatars. He gave Dmitry two monks, famous warriors - Peresvet and Oslyabya.
Dmitry led his troops towards the Mongol ruler Mamai. They met on the Kulikovo field, where the Nepryadva river flows into the Don.
Dmitry fought as a simple warrior along with his army. The battle lasted almost a whole day. The Mongols began to overcome, but an ambush regiment hit them in the rear - and the Mongols fled. So the Russian troops won.
In honor of the victory in this battle, the prince-commander was nicknamed Dmitry Donskoy. Although our troops won a victory on the Kulikovo field, Russia still had a hundred years of struggle against the Mongol-Tatar yoke ahead.
Page 18-19. THE BEGINNING OF THE MOSCOW KINGDOM
1. Designate on the scheme "River of Time" the age of the liberation of Russia from the Horde dominion. (15th)
2. Consider a reproduction of paintings. Compare Moscow under Dmitry Donskoy and Ivan III. Write down the main differences.
The main difference is that under Dmitry Donskoy, only the walls of the Kremlin (made of white stone) and the Assumption Cathedral were made of stone. All other buildings were wooden. Ivan III built the Kremlin from red brick and replaced many buildings in it with stone ones. Several new cathedrals (temples) appeared, and a royal palace was built.
3. Look at the photos. Check the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow.
Answers to page 20-21. RUSSIANS AND PAVELERS
1. Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the first Russian printed book was published. (16th century)
2. Imagine yourself as one of the first printers. Come up with your own sign and draw it. Explain what you mean by it.
My sign depicts an open book, the light of enlightenment emanates from it, because a book is a source of knowledge. Above is my monogram, i.e. initial letters of the first and last name.
3. Pick up proverbs and riddles about books, including those in the work of the peoples of your region.
Russian proverbs about books:
The book in happiness decorates, and in misfortune comforts.
Who knows more, and books in his hands.
The book is your best friend.
The book is not red in writing, it is red in mind.
From time immemorial, the book raises a person.
It is not good to read books when there are only a few inches in them.
The book is good, but the readers are bad.
Books don't tell, they tell the truth.
Read books, but don't forget things.
Reading books is not playing patty.
If you read books, you will know everything.
Choose a book the way you choose a friend.
A book is to the mind what warm rain is to seedlings.
Books do not like to be honored, but they love to be read.
The book is like water: the road will break through everywhere.
The book will help in work, help out in trouble.
One good book is better than any treasure.
A good book is a sincere friend.
A good book shines brighter than a star.
The book is food for the mind.
The book is your friend, without it it’s like without hands.
The book of the book is different: one teaches, the other torments.
The book is not an airplane, but it will take you to distant lands.
The book is not a hat, but choose according to your head.
In the book, look not for letters, but for thoughts.
Behind the book - move your mind.
Some book enriches, and another - from the path seduces.
Another book of the mind will add, another and the last will repel.
Another leads his eyes through the book, but his mind walks sideways.
To whom the book is entertainment, and to whom it is teaching.
Who knows az yes beeches, and books in his hands.
Wasted work - to fish without a hook and learn without a book.
One book teaches thousands of people.
To know books - to gain mind.
To live with a book is not to grieve for a century.
You will lead with the book - you will gain your mind.
A mind without a book is like a bird without wings.
You can't say smarter than a book.
Different from books, different from the valley.
There is not a single book in the house - the owner's kids are bad.
Russian riddles about the book:
She herself is small, but she gave her mind.
Not a bush, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn
Not a person, but tells.Not a tree, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn
Not a plant, but with a root,
Not a person, but with a mind.Who speaks silently?
4. Circle the route of Semen Dezhnev's travel on the map. Sign the names of the two oceans that "meet" at Cape Dezhnev.
Page 22-23. ON THE WAY TO UNITY
1. Pick up the proverbs of the peoples of your region about the need for friendship and unity. Write them down.
Proverbs:
You can live without a brother, but not without a neighbor.
A close neighbor is better than distant relatives.
The hostess did not save dinner, so, apparently, to push to the neighbor.
There is no greater problem than bad neighbors.
It’s bad to live if you don’t make friends with your neighbors.
Let the neighbor into the house, and go to the neighbors yourself.
The neighbor does not want to, and there will be no peace.
Neighborhood is mutual.
Then the neighbor is kind when the bag is full.
A good neighbor is the biggest relative.
It's good when the neighbor is close and the fence is low.
It's a bad thing to offend a neighbor.
2. Color the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region - Mari, Mordovian, Tatar and Chuvash.
3. Identify from photographs the cities in which important events of the Time of Troubles took place. Connect with lines.
4. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, make a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
Minin (late 16th century - 1616) and Pozharsky (1578 - 1642)
Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky - leaders of the second people's militia during the Polish intervention in the Time of Troubles in 1611-1612.
At the beginning of the 17th century, Russian land was occupied by enemies - the Poles. Even in Moscow, the capital, there was a Polish garrison, and Novgorod was captured by the Swedes. Russia was threatened with the loss of independence.
In the autumn of 1611, in Nizhny Novgorod, the zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin began to gather the people's militia (army) to fight the enemies. One of the best military leaders of that time, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, was called to command the militia.
Militias from all over the country began to gather in Nizhny Novgorod. For almost a year, Russian people gathered forces, and finally, in July 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky marched on Moscow. The battle took place on August 24, it was stubborn and bloody. The Polish garrison settled in the Kremlin and held out for about two months. In the end, hunger forced the enemies to come out. Soon, all Russian land was cleared of foreign invaders.
In Moscow, on Red Square, a monument was erected with the following inscription: "Grateful Russia to Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky."
Minin and Pozharsky
Since 2005, our country has celebrated National Unity Day in memory of the events of 1612, when the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky liberated Moscow from Polish invaders.
5. Designate on the scheme "River of Time" the age of the end of the Time of Troubles. (17th century)
Answers to pages 24-25. THE BEGINNING OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
1. Consider a reproduction of a painting. Write a short story about it.
HELL. Kivshenko. Military games of amusing troops of Peter I near the village of Kozhukhovo
Answer: The artist Kivshenko depicted the military games of young Peter I in his picture. Young Peter rides a horse with a saber in his hand, acting as a commander in chief. Next to the sovereign is a drummer, a rhythm beater and a trumpeter.
In the middle plan of the picture, several detachments of soldiers in military clothes of that time are visible. Each detachment (or regiment) has its own color of clothing, its own commanders. Soldiers of the "amusing" troops carry banners with the coat of arms of the Russian Empire - a double-headed eagle.
In the background of the picture, you can see the landscape of the area where the "funny" battles were held - the vicinity of the village of Kozhukhovo. A cannon is visible on the cliff, next to it are high fortresses, which, apparently, had to be stormed.
As is known from history, young Peter formed “amusing” troops from his peers and learned to fight. Foreign officers helped him to master military literacy. Later, from these amusing battalions, the Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky regiments were formed - the basis of Peter's guard.
2. Consider the monuments to Peter I in different cities of Russia. Write down why, in your opinion, the monuments to Peter I were erected:
in St. Petersburg - this city was founded by Peter, it bore and bears his name.
in Petrozavodsk - in this city, on the orders of Peter, an arms factory was built.
in Arkhangelsk - in this city, Peter laid the foundation for shipbuilding, opened the first shipyard in Russia.
Do you know in what other cities of Russia there are monuments to Peter the Great? Write down the names of the cities.
Answer: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi, Voronezh, Taganrog, Derbent (Dagestan), Azov, Kaliningrad, Makhachkala (Dagestan), Tula, Lipetsk.
3. Designate on the diagram "River of Time" the century when St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia. (18 century)
Page 26-27. "LIFE - TO THE FATHERLAND, HONOR - TO ANYONE!"
1. Find out from the guidebooks, reference books of your city (or the nearest city or village), which streets, squares, institutions are named after Lomonosov. Write down this information. Glue a photo of one of these places with a sign of the institution or a sign on the building.
In Russia, the most famous institution that bears the name of Mikhail Lomonosov is the Moscow State University. Lomonosov Moscow State University is one of the oldest and largest classical universities in Russia, founded in 1755 by I. I. Shuvalov and M. V. Lomonosov. Since 1940 it has been named after Mikhail Lomonosov.
2. Cut out portraits from the application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.
3. Read the story about the city of the Russian Empire - Sevastopol. In the text of the story, underline the names of peoples you know, the names of famous figures in history and culture.
Answer: the following words can be underlined (they were encountered earlier in textbooks): Crimea, the Black Sea, Scythians, Greeks, Cyril, Methodius, Prince Vladimir, Suvorov, Ushakov, Lazarev, Empress Catherine the Great.
Answers to pages 28-29. PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812
1. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century, the code was the Patriotic War of 1812. (19th century)
2. Read the text. Consider the figures of Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, as well as the bas-relief on the pedestal.
Express your thoughts about the source of Russia's victories in the great wars. Write it down.
The strength and source of Russia's victories in great wars is in the unity of its people. When the Russian principalities united and all as one stood up to defend their homeland, they defeated the Mongol-Tatars. The cohesion of the Russian army helped to win the war of 1812. Another reason for victories is the brave and savvy generals. And, of course, such qualities of a Russian person as heroism, selflessness, love for the Motherland, love of freedom are important.
3. In St. Petersburg, in one of the halls of the Hermitage, there is a Gallery of Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812. It contains more than three hundred portraits.
Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compile a page of the Calendar of Memorable Dates dedicated to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
Here you can write about such heroes as
Kutuzov, Field Marshal General
Bagration, General of Infantry
Barclay de Tolly
Vasilchikov, cavalry general
Wittgenstein, General of Infantry
Volkonsky, major general
Golitsyn, cavalry general
Gorchakov, lieutenant general
Davydov, Major General
Dorokhov, lieutenant general
Dokhturov, General of Infantry
Durova Nadezhda Andreevna
Yermolov, lieutenant general
Konovnitsyn, lieutenant general
Kostenetsky, lieutenant general
Kulnev, Major General
Gerasim Kurin, partisan
Seslavin, Major General
Platov, cavalry general
Orlov-Denisov, lieutenant general
Orlov, Major General
Neverovsky, lieutenant general
Miloradovich, General of Infantry
Likhachev, major general
Kozhina Vasilisa
Kutaisov, major general
Raevsky N.N.
Khrapovitsky, major general
Figner, Colonel
Uvarov, cavalry general
Tuchkov (1st), lieutenant general
Tuchkov (4th), major general
Page 30-31. GREAT WAY
1. Indicate on the diagram "River of Time" the century in which the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began. (19th century)
2. Look at photographs of fragments of the openwork pavilion presented at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Write down in what century this exhibition took place: in the 19th. Using these patterns, draw your own versions of openwork casting to decorate the exhibition of modern achievements in Russia.
3. Project "My family in the history of Russia". Using the example given in the textbook, make up a story about the participation of your ancestors in the development of Russian industry at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Illustrate your story with photographs or drawings.
For this project, it is best to find some of the old family items and present them in front of the whole class and talk about them. Here are the items you can use in this project:
old newspapers and magazines
personal letters, envelopes, postcards
stamps dedicated to some event (40 years of Soviet power, 30 years of victory in the Second World War, etc.)
coins or paper money (can be bought cheaply at a flea market)
photos of great-grandparents, or a photo of their house
medals, orders, awards of relatives
certificate of a minor prisoner (to page 48)
old christmas decorations
old year books
icons
something from clothes or shoes, a pioneer tie, ribbons for braids, collars that were sewn to the uniform
household items (an old cast-iron iron or a watch, for example)
candy wrappers
documents (certificates, party card, VLKSM ticket, etc.)
certificates and laudatory sheets of a schoolchild, diaries, notebooks, albums of fathers and mothers
maps, globes from the USSR
toys, figurines
dishes (porcelain plates, cups, silver spoons - if parents allow)
jewelry: beads, brooches, etc.
Answers to pages 32-33. THE GOLDEN AGE OF THEATER AND MUSIC
1. Do you know Russian musical artists? Cut out portraits from the app and paste them into the appropriate boxes.
2. Listen to a piece of music by a Russian composer of the 19th - early 20th century. Write down your impressions.
Title of the work: Ballet "The Nutcracker".
Recording form of the work: recording on CD.
My impressions (key words): very beautiful music, fabulous and magical sound of the instruments, happy, enthusiastic, joyful, jubilant and tender music.
4. Based on the text of the textbook, make a plan for a story about Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin.
1) The birth and childhood of Chaliapin.
3) Chaliapin becomes popular all over the world. The emergence of the Chaliapin school.
4) Tatarstan is the birthplace of the Chaliapin Festival.
5. Design a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to one of the figures of Russian musical and theatrical art.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (April 25, 1840 - October 25, 1893)
Tchaikovsky P.I. - Russian composer, conductor, teacher, musical and public figure, music journalist.
Considered one of the greatest composers in the history of music. Author of more than 80 works, including ten operas and three ballets. His most famous works are the ballets "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker", as well as "The Seasons" - a famous piano cycle. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky made an extremely valuable contribution to world musical culture.
The great composer was born in the family of an engineer in the village at the Kamsko-Votkinsky plant in the Vyatka province (now the city of Votkinsk, Udmurtia). He studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, then lived and worked in Moscow. The composer spent the last years of his life in the vicinity of the city of Klin, near Moscow, where his museum is now located.
Streets in many cities of Russia, conservatories and music schools, as well as a city in the Perm region are named after Tchaikovsky. And since 1958, an international competition named after P. I. Tchaikovsky has been held, in which talented musicians and vocalists take part.
Page 34-35. THE FLOWING OF ART AND LITERATURE
1. Consider a reproduction of a painting from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Compare your impression of the spring landscape and Bunin's poem. Pick up lines in it to express your impression of the picture. Highlight them.
Wider, chest, open for acceptance
Feelings of spring - minute guests!
You open me, nature, hugs,
So that I merge with your beauty!
You, high sky, far away,
Boundless blue space!
You wide green field!
Only to you I aspire with my soul!
2. Consider a reproduction of a painting from the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. Read an excerpt from Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". Underline in red the poetic lines that speak of the severity of agricultural labor, in green - the lines in which the poet's special respect for the peasant is expressed.
3. Design a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to A.P. Chekhov or your favorite writer of the 19th - early 20th century.
Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860 - 1904)
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - Russian writer, prose writer, playwright. A recognized classic of world literature. Doctor by profession. Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature. One of the most famous playwrights in the world.
Over 25 years of creativity, Chekhov created more than 300 different works (short humorous stories, serious stories, plays), many of which have become classics of world literature.
His works have been translated into over 100 languages. His plays, especially The Seagull, Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard, have been staged in many theaters around the world for over 100 years.
Answers to pages 36-39. IN SEARCH OF JUSTICE
1. Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when serfdom was abolished in Russia. (19th century)
2. Consider the portraits of Russian emperors. Explain why Alexander II is called the Liberator.
Answer: Because he abolished serfdom, making the peasants free people.
Write what you know about these emperors.
Emperor Alexander II was born in 1818, he was the son of Nicholas I. His teacher was the Russian poet Zhukovsky. In 1861 the tsar abolished serfdom in Russia. He also carried out many reforms in Russia, participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. In 1881, Alexander II was killed by the Narodnaya Volya, in St. Petersburg, on the site of the assassination of the emperor, the Church of the Savior on Blood was erected.
Nicholas II - the last emperor of the Russian Empire. Born in 1868. During his reign, many events took place in the world and in Russia: the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905; Bloody Sunday; Revolution 1905-1907 in Russia; World War I; February Revolution of 1917 Nicholas II abdicated during the February Revolution of 1917 and was shot along with his family.
3. Read the poem ... Yesenin "The beggar", written in 1915. With pencils in contrasting colors, underline the lines and words, some of which describe suffering, grief, while others speak of carefree fun.
Crying little girl at the window of a large mansion,
And in the mansions laughter is cheerful and pours silver.
The girl is crying and getting cold in the wind of autumn thunderstorms,
And with a chilled hand wipes drops of tears.With tears she asks for a piece of stale bread,
From resentment and anxiety voice freezes.
But in the mansions this voice drowns out the noise of comfort,
And the little one is crying under cheerful, frisky laugh.
4. Mark on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the First World War, revolutions and civil war took place in Russia. (See answers to pages 3-5)
5. In your city, identify the streets, squares that received new names after the 1917 revolution. Write down the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary names of the same street side by side.
An approximate answer (these streets are in almost every city):
Lenin street - street ...
Dzerzhinsky street - street ...
6. Consider a map of the Soviet Union. Find and show on the map the republics that were part of the USSR. Use the map to name the capitals of the Union republics. Check each other out.
We look at the map and name the republics, they are highlighted in bright colors, the capitals are marked with dots.
Page 42-43. CENTURY OF TROUBLES AND VICTORIES
1. Consider secular posters of the 20-30s of the last century. Write in your own words what they call for.
The first poster is for children. He encourages them to choose their profession in childhood, to have a dream, a goal in life and strive for it. The second two posters are addressed to adults. They call for more study in order to be literate and work more for the good of the country.
2. Consider the diagram on p. 43. Compare it with the modern scheme of the Moscow metro, which you can find on the Internet. Write down what has changed.
On the diagram in the textbook, you can see a total of 13 metro stations (in 1935). Currently, there are 200 metro stations and there is a ring line that connects all branches (directions) of the metro. Some stations have changed their names. For example, Kirovskaya (old name) - Chistye Prudy (new name).
3. Project "My family in the history of Russia". Continue working on the project. Have your family preserved memories of life in the 20-30s of the last century, photographs, objects of those times? Write a short story.
This period is the childhood of the student's great-grandparents, or the time when the great-great-grandmothers and great-great-grandfathers lived. Tell about them.
Answers to pp. 44-45. "GET UP, THE COUNTRY IS HUGE!"
1. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the Great Patriotic War took place. (20th century)
2. Using the text of the textbook, make a table of the most important events of the Great Patriotic War.
Date Event
End of January 1943 The blockade of Leningrad was broken.
Summer 1943 Battle of Kursk lasted 50 days.
1944 Liberation of cities: Veliky Novgorod, Leningrad, Sevastopol, Petrozavodsk, Minsk.
Summer 1944 Belarus was liberated, Operation Bagration.
1945 Soviet troops liberated Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia.
3. Do you know the monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War? Cut out photos from the application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.
4. Design the page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to the event, hero or veteran of the Great Patriotic War - to your countryman.
Everyone will have different answers depending on the city and area in which you live, because a COUNTRYMAN is someone who lives or lived in the same area as you.
Pages 46-47. LABOR FRONT OF RUSSIA
1. According to the text of the textbook, make a plan for a story about how those who remained in the rear worked during the Great Patriotic War.
All the people stood up for the defense of the Motherland.
The men are at the front. Old men, women and children work in the rear.
Military factories were evacuated to the east of the country.
It is necessary to provide the front with weapons, equipment, clothing and food.
Students work in construction teams - they build anti-tank ditches.
Children help adults: take care of the wounded, prepare Molotov cocktails.
Everyone contributes to the common defense of the country.
2. Using the information from the textbook, answer the questions in writing.
To which cities in Russia were many enterprises evacuated from the western regions of the country? Answer: To Kazan, Omsk, Novosibirsk.
What was necessary to provide the troops with equipment and weapons. ammunition, clothing, food? Answer: It was necessary that the railroad, sea and river transport, telephone, telegraph, post office and radio work without interruption. And also, so that plants, factories, collective farms work smoothly in the rear.
What facts indicate that students and children contributed to the defense of the Fatherland? Answer: The students dug anti-tank trenches and worked in factories and factories. Children helped adults on the field, looked after the wounded in hospitals, looked after the younger ones, while their mothers worked for the front.
3. Review the photos. What happened at the front - and what happened in the rear? Mark photos from the front in red, in the rear - in green.
Page 48-49. " THERE IS NO SUCH FAMILY IN RUSSIA"
The project "My family in the history of Russia. Continue working on the project. Do your family have memories of the Great Patriotic War, including its first and last days, as well as photographs, awards, letters, wartime items?...
If there are no things left from the war, you can write about your great-grandparents who fought, stick their photos.
Page 50-51. AFTER THE GREAT WAR
1. Using the text of the textbook, make a table of the achievements of your compatriots in recent years.
Date Event
December 1946 Europe's first nuclear reactor is launched.
1947 The Dnepropetrovsk hydroelectric power station was launched.
1945-1950 Many destroyed cities have been rebuilt.
End of 1947 Food rationing system abolished.
1949 General compulsory seven-year education introduced.
Answers to pages 52-53. ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE 1950-1970S
1. Using the textbook, sign the photographs of outstanding scientists of our country.
2. Do you know the first Soviet cosmonauts? Cut out photos from the Application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.
3. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century, the man first flew into space. (20th century)
5. Project "My family in the history of Russia". Continue working on the project. Have your family preserved memories of the life of our country in 1950-1970, as well as photographs, objects of those years? Write a story based on the memories of older relatives.
This period is the childhood and adolescence of the student's grandmother. Tell us about her or your grandfather.
We are building the future of Russia
Page 54-57. MODERN RUSSIA
1. Using the map on p. 56-57 find out which independent states were formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Fill the table.
Name of states Capitals
Russian Federation Moscow
Ukraine, Kyiv
Belarus (Belarus) Minsk
Moldova (Moldova) Chisinau
Estonia Tallinn
Latvia, Riga
Lithuania Vilnius
Abkhazia Sukhum
Georgia, Tbilisi
Armenia Yerevan
South Ossetia Tskhinval
Azerbaijan, Baku
Kazakhstan, Astana
Uzbekistan Tashkent
Tajikistan Dushanbe
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
2. Mark on the "River of Time" diagram the century when a new state appeared on the world map - the Russian Federation. (20th century)
3. Think about what in your city (village) you would like to save for the future. And what would you like to change in your city (village) Write it down.
Sample answers:
I would like to preserve the forest on the outskirts of the gord, the park, the old house, the pond with ducks, etc.
I would like to make a change in my city: build a big new bridge across the river, repair the embankment, make bicycle paths on some street, plant new trees, build a new sports school with an ice palace, etc.
Pages 58-59. HEALTH OF RUSSIA
1. Consider the tablets representing some areas of the Belgorod region. Give examples of agricultural areas in your region (krai, republic).
Come up with and draw symbols for 1-2 agricultural areas of your region.
2. Write a story about the agricultural products of your region.
Corn is a tall annual herbaceous plant, reaching a height of 3 m. Corn is grown for cobs with edible grains, as well as corn oil. It is the most important grain after wheat and rice.
Wheat is one of the most important grain crops. The flour obtained from grains is used for baking white bread and the production of other food products; flour milling waste is used as feed for livestock and poultry.
Poultry farming is a branch of agriculture that specializes in the production of poultry meat and edible eggs. Poultry by-products are down and feathers, and production waste is used to make meat and bone meal.
Animal husbandry produces food (meat, milk and dairy products), raw materials for light industry, working animals for a number of agricultural and transport work.
3. If you live in a village... draw or photograph episodes of working together on the ground, taking care of pets.
Page 60-61. SMART POWER OF RUSSIA
1. With the help of additional literature, information from the Internet, plan a short story about an industrial enterprise in your region ...
Write about one of the enterprises in your city.
Answers to pages 62-63. BRIGHT SOUL OF RUSSIA
1. Find out what festive events related to the traditional culture of the peoples of your region are held in the spring. Write down the names and dates of these events.
An approximate answer (each city has its own events):
handicraft fair
exhibition of applied arts
festival of folk craftsmen
festival of folk choirs and ensembles
author's song contest
performance of artistic groups
Pancake week
Think up and draw symbols for these events.
2. Look at the photos on p. 63 With the help of a textbook, determine which art crafts these products belong to. Number them according to the list.
Page 64-68. BEGIN WITH YOURSELF!
1. On the River of Time chart (pp. 40-41), mark the date you are about to graduate from elementary school.
2. Come up with and draw a symbolic designation for your school, for those circles and studios in which you study additionally. You can sketch already existing emblems.
3. Write down the most interesting things in your life during the four years of elementary school.
Sample answers:
a trip to another city, to a resort, to a lake, abroad
hike in the forest, outing
excursion to a museum or a zoo, or a safari park
holidays with my grandmother in the village, picking mushrooms and berries, fishing
communication with animals (bought a dog, cared for, raised)
joint construction of a house with dad
working together in the garden
summer or winter camp, etc.
4. Evaluate your achievements during your elementary school years. Write down the ones you think are the most important.
Sample answer: In 4 years of elementary school, I
learned to read, write, count and solve problems
learned the multiplication table
learned to play chess
learned to swim
made friends with the guys in the class
learned to sing or play musical instruments
learned to draw
I learned how to pack my bag and go to school
started doing all the homework
began to help parents around the house
grew by 20 cm!
5. Think over and write down your plans for the coming year (what do you want to do, what to learn, where to go)
Sample answers:
For the coming summer:
I want to visit St. Petersburg (Moscow, Red Square)
I want to learn how to cook soup and borscht
I want to visit my grandmother who lives far away
i want to learn how to swim
I will help my dad build a house
In grade 5:
I want to start learning a second foreign language
I want to know the name of the stars and constellations in the sky
i want to learn how to draw
I want to know how my body works
Project I BUILD THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA
Option 1: Insect Zoo.
The purpose of the project: To acquaint everyone with rare and amazing insects, to teach people to take care of them.
1) Build a greenhouse, insulate it, plant different plants.
2) Buy live insects from all over the world, put them in the zoo.
3) Offer tours of the insect zoo to everyone, explain and tell the tourists how insects live and what they eat.
Description: I really want to have a special insect zoo in our city. In it, I want to collect insects from all over the world that you will not find in our forests. They would live among plants, butterflies would fly freely, in special terrariums one could trace the entire cycle of a butterfly: how a caterpillar turns into a cocoon, and then into a butterfly. Visitors could pick up non-dangerous insects. It is very interesting!
Option 2 - Build a new sports complex for children.
Option 3 - Open a nursery for homeless animals, where anyone who wants to can take an animal home.
Option 4 - Open a hiking club for the whole family - such trips would unite parents and children, make new friends and see many interesting places in our country.
