The violin is an ideal instrument for developing the imagination. Playing it is also good because it gives the ability to creative insights.
Did you know that out of more than a hundred musicians in a professional symphony orchestra, more than thirty are violinists?
The beauty of tone, as well as the wide range of expression of sounds, are considered much better in violins than in any other instrument.
The violin, practically the only musical instrument, apart from ritual drums and Greek harps, was deified. The names of the parts of the violin have been preserved: head, neck, chest, waist, darling. The violin was created as an analogue of the human voice. Until now, even with the most modern technology, it has not been possible to synthesize the timbre of the human voice and the violin. For centuries, technology, materials and methods of its manufacture have been perfected, which have practically not changed since the middle of the 18th century. The violin has become one of the most classical instruments.
The device of the violin is the most complex in terms of physics, acoustics and resistance of materials. In fact, this is the most complex acoustic device that requires precise tuning and adjustment.
The exact date of birth of the violin is unknown, but one can still approximately judge the time of its occurrence - this is the end of the fifteenth or the beginning of the sixteenth century. The very first violins were made by the same masters who made lutes and viols, and then violin makers appeared. One of them, Gasparo Bertolotti, settled in 1562 in the Italian town of Brescia and worked there until the end of his days. Bertolotti had many students, and among them - Giovanni Paolo Magini, who later founded his own school of masters.
Bertolotti, Magini and their students have already arrived at basically the form of the violin that we know. And the sound of the instruments also took shape with them - it became louder and brighter than that of the viols. And the first Brescian masters, apparently, did not set themselves any other tasks. Their work was continued by the famous Cremonese. However, "continued" is not entirely accurate.
There are many schools and trends in violin making, but the most prominent are Italian, French and German. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages and differ significantly from each other both in sound and manufacturing methods. The sound of the instruments of the Italian school is recognized as the most timbral, plastic and manageable. That is, the musician can control the timbre characteristics of the instrument. The sound of the instruments of the German School is distinguished by its brightness and emptiness. French instruments sound somewhat "glassy" and booming. Although in all schools there were instruments with "foreign" signs.
Dramatic and sometimes mystical events always unfold around the violin. No musical instrument in the world has been involved in so many criminal stories, including bloody murders. Masters did not put their soul into any musical instrument so much, endowing each of their products with unique features that allowed them to assign their own name to the instrument, like a person. No musical instrument appears regularly at famous auctions, where astronomical, most often seven-figure figures appear in connection with it. No one! Except the violin. 
So why do things like this always unfold around her?! Let's dig history! The violin “came” from an old viol - a fairly large instrument with frets on the fingerboard. The viol was played while sitting, holding it between the legs or laying it sideways on the thigh. Years passed, the instrument changed. History connects the final transformation of the viola into a violin with three families of violin makers from the Italian city of Cremona: Amati, Guarneri and Stradivari. It is the founder of the Stradivari dynasty - Antonio (1644-1736) - who is revered as the main creator of the modern violin.
The new instrument had many influential opponents and even outright enemies. And the violin took the place that it rightfully deserved only thanks to the great musicians who advanced the technique of violin playing far ahead. And the most notable of them was the great Niccolo Paganini.
his performances led the audience into ecstasy.
Those present were always amazed by his incredible, “inhuman” mastery of performance. He effortlessly extracted virtuoso trills from the violin, performed the most complex variations even on one string.
They said that his art is the music of heaven, angelic voices. But there were others who whispered behind the musician's back that witchcraft signs were inscribed on his instrument and that he had long ago sold his soul to the devil...
Having learned all the facets of success, the brilliant violinist lived to be 58 years old, leaving behind several million francs and dozens of musical works written by him, some of which are so complex that no one can still play them. Humanity has not yet given birth to a second Paganini.
Amati Nicolo (1596-1684) was an Italian violin maker. From the 2nd half of the 16th century. Throughout Italy, the violins of the masters of the Amati family, who had long lived in Cremona, became famous. In their works, the classical type of instrument, which has survived to this day, finally took shape. Violins and cellos, created by the most famous of the masters of the Amati family - Nicolo, are few and far between, and they are especially highly valued. It was from N. Amati that A. Guarneri and A. Stradivari adopted the most complex art of violin design.
The Guarneri are a family of Italian string instrument makers. The ancestor of the family, Andrea Guarneri (1626 - 1698) - a student of the famous N. Amati. Instruments created by his grandson, Giuseppe Guarneri (1698 - 1744), nicknamed del Gesu, received particular fame and recognition. Few instruments by del Gesú have survived (10 violas and 50 violins); they are currently of exceptional value. 
Stradivari (Stradivarius) Antonio (c. 1644 - 1737) - an outstanding Italian violin maker, a student of the famous N. Amati (1596 - 1684). From a young age until the last days of his life, Stradivari worked in his workshop, driven by the desire to bring the violin to the highest perfection. More than 1000 instruments made by the great master have survived, which are distinguished by the elegance of form and unsurpassed sound qualities. The successors of Stradivari were the masters C. Bergonzi and J. Guarneri.
In many countries, the clergy took up arms against good violinists - even in quiet Norway they were considered accomplices of dark forces, and Norwegian folk violins were burned like witches.
But not everyone knows that there were directly opposite stories!
If we look into a more ancient “layer” of time, we will find that with bowed instruments related to the violin, angels were actually originally depicted on the frescoes of temples and in handwritten Bibles, and in one old manuscript Christ was called not by someone, but "beloved violinist".
Such things were hushed up later, and the frescoes were destroyed, but on the fresco of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, you can still see a musician playing a bowed instrument.
The word virtuoso was once applied to scientists. Many violinists were not only artists, artists, violin poets, but also scientists and inventors. (One violin work written at that time was called “sonata for inventive violin”).
The word "virtuoso" is now used (if we are talking about music) in only one sense - "technical". Meanwhile, the state of affairs has not changed: in order to play the violin well, including virtuoso music, you still need to have not developed muscles, but a flexible mind and strong intuition.
Interestingly, the opposite is also true: the violin stimulates the brain (which has a scientific explanation). It is not for nothing that many brilliant minds have enjoyed playing this magical instrument in their spare time to prepare their minds for the birth of new ideas. (See - the violin of Sherlock Holmes and Einstein).
Interesting facts about the violin will tell a lot about this stringed musical instrument.
The modern violin is over 500 years old. It was designed in the 1500s by Andrea Amati.
In 2003, Athira Krishna from India entered the Guinness Book of Records by playing the violin continuously for 32 hours.
Playing an instrument burns 170 calories per hour.
Violins are usually made from spruce or maple wood. Violins are very complex. More 70 different pieces of wood brought together to create the modern violin.
Before 1750 strings were made from sheep intestines.
The tool stimulates the brain.
The word violin comes from the medieval Latin word vitula, which means stringed instrument;
In the city of Guangzhou (southern China), the smallest violin in the world, 1 cm long, was created.
Violins produced by Stradivari and Guarneri are extremely highly valued.
The most expensive violin ever bought by a private investor was purchased for 16 million dollars. However, the Ashmolay Museum currently owns a violin worth $20 million.
Notable violinists:
- Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) was an Italian violinist and composer, one of the founders of the concerto grosso genre.
- Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) - Venetian composer, violinist, teacher, conductor.
- Giuseppe Tartini (1692-1770), Italian violinist and composer. He improved the design of the bow, lengthening it, and developed the basic techniques for holding the bow, recognized by all contemporary Italian and French violinists and came into general use.
- Giovanni Battista Viotti (1753-1824) was an Italian violinist and composer who wrote 29 violin concertos.
- Nicolo Paganini (1782-1840) - Italian violinist, guitarist and composer, author of violin caprices, concertos.
- Henri Vietain (1820-1881) - Belgian violinist and composer, one of the founders of the national violin school. Author of numerous works for violin - seven concertos with orchestra, a number of fantasies, variations, concert etudes, etc.
Can a stone violin sound beautiful?
Swedish sculptor Lars Wiedenfalk designed the Blackbird violin from stone. It is made according to the drawings of Stradivarius, and black diabase served as the material. The idea of such a violin came from Wiedenfalk, when he decorated one of the buildings with large diabase blocks, and the stone worked with a hammer and chisel beautifully “sang”. The violin sounds no worse than many wooden ones and weighs only 2 kg, since the thickness of the stone walls of the resonator box is no more than 2.5 mm. It is worth noting that the "Blackbird" is not the only such instrument in the world - the marble violins are made by the Czech Jan Roerich.
Among the works of Mozart there is an unusual duet for two violins. The musicians should stand facing each other and put the page with the notes between them. Each violin plays a different part, but both parts are recorded on the same page. The violinists begin to read notes from different ends of the sheet, then meet in the middle and again move away from each other, and in general a beautiful melody is obtained.
Is the price of Stradivarius violins proportional to the quality of their sound compared to modern instruments?
The most expensive violins in the world are Stradivari instruments of the late 17th and early 18th centuries, supposedly sounding better than all other violins thanks to the master's secret that has not yet been unraveled. However, in 2010 this prejudice was disproved during an experiment in which 21 professional violinists double-blindly examined 3 modern violins and 3 old instruments - 2 by Stradivari and another by Guarneri. Most of the musicians participating in the experiment were unable to tell the difference between the old violins and the new ones. Moreover, as a result of testing, instruments of living masters have the best sound quality, while more than a hundred times more expensive Stradivari violins took the last two places.
Who and when called Einstein a great violinist?
Einstein loved to play the violin and once took part in a charity concert in Germany. Admired by his playing, a local journalist recognized the name of the “artist” and the next day published an article in the newspaper about the performance of the great musician, the incomparable virtuoso violinist Albert Einstein. He kept this note and proudly showed it to his friends, saying that he was in fact a famous violinist, and not a scientist.
What happened to the inventor of roller skates at their first demonstration?
The Belgian Jean-Joseph Merlin is considered to be the inventor of roller skates. He demonstrated them at a London masquerade ball in 1760, riding among the audience in expensive shoes with small metal wheels and playing the violin. However, these videos were still so imperfect that Merlin could not stop in time and crashed into the wall, breaking a very expensive mirror.
A report on the violin for children grade 5 will briefly tell you a lot of useful information about this folk musical instrument.
Message about the violin
Violin- a stringed bowed musical instrument of a high register. It has a folk origin, acquired a modern look in the 16th century, and became widespread in the 17th century.
The violin is a refined and refined musical instrument. No wonder she was given the role of the queen of the orchestra.
History of the violin for children
Violin of folk origin: its progenitors were the Spanish fidel , Arabic rebab and German company . The fusion of these instruments led to the appearance of the violin.
In the middle of the 16th century, the modern design of the violin developed in northern Italy. Until the beginning of the 17th century, the Amati family, Italy, was engaged in the manufacture of violins. The instruments were distinguished by excellent material and excellent shape. In general, Italy has firmly taken a leading position in the manufacture of high quality violins. At one time they were engaged in Guarneri and Stradivari, whose instruments are today valued at the highest level.
She became a solo instrument in the 17th century. The first works written for her are "Romanesca per violino solo e basso" (Marini from Brescia 1620) and "Capriccio stravagante" (Farin). The founder of the artistic game on the queen of the orchestra was A. Corelli, then Torelli, Tartini, Pietro Locatelli.
Description of the violin
The instrument has 4 strings, which are tuned in fifths - salt of a small octave, re, la of the first octave, mi of the second octave, respectively. It consists of the following parts:
- Frame. It is oval in shape with notches rounded on the sides, forming the so-called "waist" of the violin. This roundness ensures the convenience of the game. The lower and upper parts of the body (deck) are connected by shells. The lower part is made of maple, and the upper part is made of Tyrolean spruce. The top deck has 2 resonator holes (effects) that affect the timbre of the sound. In the middle of the upper part there is a stand with strings fixed on a tailpiece made of ebony strips. It expands towards the attachment of the strings. A round pin, darling, is inserted inside the resonant spruce body. It provides the resonance of the vibration of the sound.
- Vulture. This is a long piece of ebony or plastic. Its lower part is attached to a polished and rounded bar - the neck.
The composition of the varnish with which it is coated and the material of manufacture also affect the sound of the instrument.
violin sound
The violin produces a graceful and assertive sound. The timbre of the sound depends on the quality of the instrument, the choice of strings and the skill of the performer. Bass strings produce a rich, thick, harsh and austere sound. The middle strings sound soulful, soft, velvety. The upper register of the strings sounds sunny, loud and bright. The performer of works can modify the sounds, introducing his own palette of sounds.
- In 2003, Athira Krishna from India entered the Guinness Book of Records by playing the violin continuously for 32 hours.
- Playing an instrument burns 170 calories an hour.
- Before 1750 strings were made from sheep's intestines.
- The tool stimulates the brain.
- In the city of Guangzhou (southern China), the smallest violin in the world, 1 cm long, was created.
We hope that the presentation about the violin for children helped you prepare for the lesson, and you learned a lot of interesting facts about it. And you can leave your short story about the violin through the comment form below.
Irina Morozova
Thematic lesson in music "History of a small violin"
« HISTORY OF THE LITTLE VIOLIN»
(Thematic lesson)
Targets and goals:
Expand horizons, thesarius, develop creative abilities, learn to distinguish sound violins. To develop imagination in children when depicting various characters, to encourage them to search for expressive movements.
Material:
"Pipe and Drum" I. Chukash, "Children's encyclopedia. Music from A to Z» E. Finkelstein, "Mysteries about tools" P. Sinyavsky, violin and bow, video "Manufacture violins» , VCR, sham violin, grasshopper and bee costumes, song « little grasshopper» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina, phonograms ( "Caprice" N. Paganini, "Winter" from the loop "Seasons" A. Vivaldi)
Course progress.
Children enter the hall, sit down.
Musical director(M.R.) Solve the riddle.
Smooth bow movements
The strings tremble.
The motive murmurs from afar,
Sings about the moonlit evening.
How clear is the overflow of sounds,
They have joy and smiles.
Sounds like a dreamy tune
Its title...
Children Violin.
M. R. Today we will talk about violin. (Shows violin and bow) Look how beautiful violin. She has a wonderful "figure"- a body with a long graceful neck, which ends with a head with pegs and a curl. (Reviews with children violin) The upper side of the body, it is called the upper soundboard, is made of spruce, and the lower side, the lower soundboard, is made of maple. There are slots on the top deck, they are called efs, as they are made in the form of the Latin letter f. Between the hilts is a stand that supports the strings. If you look into the slots of the efa, then under the right side of the stand you will see small stick connecting both decks. That's what it is "soul" violins, she is called - darling. What are these main parts for? violins?Four strings are held on the pegs: E string, A string, D string and G string. They are called so because they are tuned to these sounds. Turning the pins violinist tuning strings. The strings are stretched over the fretboard. Violinist presses them with the fingers of his left hand - this is how he changes the length of the string, getting either lower or higher sounds. Now you see how complex the structure is violins endowed with a wonderful voice. Violin considered quite young musical instrument, but it took a long time to create its modern form. The bow with which violinist makes the strings sound, was originally an arcuate shape. Exactly like a bow, only the hair was not pulled tight. However, using such a bow was still not very convenient. And violin the craftsmen had to work hard to create its modern design. The reed of the bow is made of the brazilian fernambuco tree. The hair, usually made of white horse hair, is stretched between the head and the stalk of the cane. The length of the bow is 75 cm and the weight is approximately 60 g. The bow must be light in order to musician could easily deal with it. We do not know the name of the first violin maker, but I will tell you the names of famous schools violin makers. The most famous of them developed in northern Italy - in Bresci (Gaspar da Salo and Giovanni Magini, in Cremona (Amati, Stradivari, Guarneri, Bergonzi). Now we will see how they do violin master.
Watching video "Manufacture violins»
M. R. If you draw a bow along the strings, you will immediately hear an unusual sound. Listen!
Soundtrack sounds "CAPRIS" N. Paganini
M. R. Best on violin played by Niccolo Paganini. He lived a very long time. This man had an unusually developed musical hearing and were unusually flexible fingers. He not only played violin but also composed music for your favorite instrument. We have heard it now. In our country, too, there were wonderful violinists are L. Kogan, D. Oistrakh. (Shows portraits violinists) . Ensembles known all over the world violinists"Vivaldi", Moscow Virtuosi. Now I want to invite you to listen to their performance an excerpt from violin concerto A. Vivaldi "Seasons"
Soundtrack sounds "WINTER" A. Vivaldi ( "Seasons").
M. R. Now we will listen to a poem by E. Fireflower « Violin»
Baby green grasshopper
plays on violin,
Butterflies heard
Birds and fish.
Let the first violin
They will give me
Where is the ringing mystery
In every string.
I will study
And next summer
Together with a grasshopper
I'll play a duet.
Song dramatization « LITTLE GRASSHOP» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina (Appendix No. 2)
M. R. Finally, I want to ask you one more riddle.
Carved in the forest
Smoothly written out
Sings, floods.
What is the name of?
Children Violin.
APPENDIX:
Small the grasshopper slept until noon.
From noon to evening on played the violin.
An important bee flew in, sat down.
The little musician began to listen.
Golden circle of light and heat
Above the green meadow the music floated.
Music sounded and forgetting things
An important bee shook its head.
And a grasshopper the little one played the violin,
As if he handed out happiness to everyone in a handful.
Didn't scream, didn't cry, didn't say a word,
On the green led the violinist with a blade of grass.
Related publications:
Scenario of the New Year's party for the preparatory group "New Year's story with a small Christmas tree" The scenario of the New Year's party for the preparatory group Roles: Adults: Host, Baba Yaga, Santa Moro, Snow Maiden, Children: hedgehog, bunny,.
Title: Directly integrated educational activities for musical education in the senior group of the kindergarten “7 Flowers.
Integrated musical lesson Musical director of MADOU Kindergarten No. 2 "Firefly" Manuilenko V. V. Educational area:.
History of the small violin. History of the small violin. Task program: To replenish children's knowledge of the violin. (Where did its design come from); continue acquaintance.
Complex - thematic planning "History of the Fatherland" was prepared by Kuznetsova Marina Rafailievna - music director, Egorova.
