Relevance of the topic: Planet Earth is our common home, every person living in it should treat it carefully and carefully, preserving all its values and wealth.
Material Description: I bring to your attention the final lesson that completes the cycle of environmental conversations. At this lesson, the children were offered a choice: testing or an environmental project. It was proposed to work on an environmental project in groups, and the topics of the project were chosen by the children on their own from the options offered. Tests can be taken on paper or online. The material is designed for students in grades 5-7, it can also be useful to teachers, parents and educators.
Recommendations: The conversation is accompanied by a presentation (multimedia accompaniment), which allows you to better feel the degree of danger from pollution of our Home-Earth and pollution of water bodies. Environmental projects are defended in the class and evaluated by the children according to the proposed grading table.
Target: To consolidate and test children's knowledge about the types of environmental problems and how to solve them.
Arouse the desire of schoolchildren to protect nature, give an orientation to the implementation of some measures for nature protection.
Tasks:
- develop and protect an environmental project
- answer test questions. Description: children are invited to answer 4 tests in paper form or online.
Test number 1. Topic: “Ecology. The first global problem
1. Ecology is:
A) The science of human impact on the environment;
B) The science that studies the structure, functions and development of living organisms in an ecosystem;
C) The science of the influence of the environment on a person;
D) Science of rational use of natural resources;
D) The science that studies living organisms in nature.
Give one correct answer.
2. The word "ecology" comes from:
A) Greek words b) German words
C) English words d) Portuguese words
Write down your answers ov.
3. What does the word "ecology" mean
4. What is the difference between modern packaging and the one that was used 10-15 years ago?
5. What are the causes of garbage.
6. What does the word "inert" mean
7. Name the number of garbage per inhabitant of the planet per year.(average)
8. How is garbage classified according to the degree of danger to the environment? Which class is the most dangerous?
9. Name the main conditional categories into which garbage is divided.
10. What are the ways of waste disposal?
11. Name the pros and cons of one disposal method(any choice).
12. What is the most rational way? Why?
13. What is special waste? How are they destroyed?
14. Name the terms of natural decomposition of garbage.
15. Waste recycling options.
Test number 2. Topic: “Ecology. The second global problem
Give multiple correct answers.
1. What are the main environmental issues:
A) air pollution;
B) Pollution of the World Ocean;
C) Soil pollution;
D) Extermination of flora and fauna;
D) melting ice.
E) Creation of the "red book"
Give one correct answer.
2. Pollution of rivers leads to:
A) death of eggs
B) The death of frogs, crayfish
B) the death of algae
D) the death of all living things
Write down your answer.
3. What are the water quality classes of river pollution?
4. Water pollution is produced (by what)?
5. Where do pesticides in water come from?
6. Give an example of "heavy metals"
7. Where are the 10 dirtiest rivers?
8. What causes thermal water pollution?
9. Causes of electromagnetic pollution of water.
10. What do you know about radioactive radiation?
11. Write what we can do to conserve the Earth's water resources.
12. Give an example of the consequences of water pollution by oil and oil products.
Test number 3. Topic: “Ecology. The Third Global Problem"
Give multiple correct answers.
1.Air pollution is:
a. this is the introduction of substances alien to its composition into the atmospheric air
b. change in the ratio of gases in the air
c. physical, chemical, biological substances
Dirty air
2. Diseases caused by high levels of harmful substances in the air we breathe:
a. headache
b. nausea
c. skin irritation
asthma
e. tumor
e. joint sprain
Give your answer.
3. What types of air pollution do you know?
4. Name the sources of natural air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
5. Causes of dust storms:
a. drought
b. deforestation
river flood
d. gravity of the moon
Give your answer.
6. Name the artificial sources of air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
7. What gas is released into the atmosphere during the combustion of fuel?
a. carbon monoxide (CO2)
b. oxygen (O2)
v.nitrogen (N2)
d. nitric acid (HNO3)
Give your answer.
8. What is Smog. What is its harm to the inhabitants of the metropolis.
9. What causes ozone depletion?
10. What does radioactive contamination lead to?
11. Why is the greenhouse effect dangerous?
Give one correct answer.
12. How many days can a person live without water?
a.7
b.1
v.30
d.5
13. Ways to preserve the atmosphere.(At least 5)
Test number 4. Topic: “Ecology. Outcome"
Final test.Give one correct answer.
1. Environmental pollution is understood as:
a. introduction of new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components into the environment
b. the introduction of new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components into the environment, as well as the excess of the natural level of these components
c. exceeding the natural level of natural and anthropogenic components of the environment
d.growth of anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems
2. Air pollution in Russia is primarily caused by:
a. chemical industry
b.thermal power engineering
c. agriculture
oil production and petrochemistry
3. The most dangerous soil pollution is caused by:
a. household waste
b.agricultural waste
c. heavy metals
sewage
4. The greatest pollution of land waters is caused by:
a. flushing of fertilizers and pesticides from the fields
b.domestic and industrial wastewater
c. solid waste pollution
dumping
5. The greatest pollution of the waters of the World Ocean is caused by:
a.dumping
b. acid rain
c. agricultural waste
oil and oil products
6. Pollution found around industrial plants is called:
a.local
b.regional
c.global
d.sanitary protection
7. Chemical pollution does not include:
a. heavy metal pollution
b. the entry of pesticides into water bodies
c. soil pollution with solid household waste
d. increase in the concentration of freons in the atmosphere
8. Pollution of the environment with solid household waste can be attributed to:
a. physical pollution
b.biological contamination
c.mechanical pollution
physical and chemical pollution
9. Deforestation leads to:
a. increasing species diversity of birds;
b. increase in species diversity of mammals;
in. reduction of evaporation;
d. violation of the oxygen regime
10. Lack of drinking water is caused primarily by:
a. greenhouse effect;
b. a decrease in the volume of groundwater;
in. water pollution;
soil salinization.
11. The greenhouse effect occurs as a result of accumulation in the atmosphere:
a. carbon monoxide;
b. carbon dioxide;
in. nitrogen dioxide;
d. sulfur oxides.
12. From hard ultraviolet radiation, living organisms protect:
a. water vapor;
b. clouds;
in. ozone layer;
g. nitrogen.
13. The most common diseases that occur as a result of environmental degradation are:
a. diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
b. infectious diseases;
in. cardiovascular and oncological diseases;
d. diseases of the digestive tract.
14. What is the name of the source of the emergence of new alleles when the genetic structure of a population changes?
a. mutation;
b. migration;
in. genetic drift;
d. non-random crossing.
15. How many minutes can a person live without air?
a. thirty
in. 5
b. one
d. 10
16. Main product of consumption?
a. water
b. food
g. air
in. bread
Ecological project.
You can start the conversation by showing the video. It is possible to launch a video to the song of the Earthlings group "Forgive the Earth!"
The epigraph to the lesson can take the words
"To live in this green world
good in winter and summer.
Life flies like a moth
a motley animal runs
A bird whirls in the clouds,
nimble runs like a marten.
Life is everywhere, life is all around.
Man is nature's friend!"
In today's world, environmental issues come to the fore. We have managed to sort out only a small fraction of environmental problems. In conclusion of our environmental conversations, I would like to invite you to develop an environmental product (let's call it a project), in which you will talk about one of the environmental problems and its solution.
To begin with, let's recall the problems with which we are already familiar.
They call the children.
You can publish a wall newspaper as an ecological product, draw a comic, come up with an ecological fairy tale, a crossword puzzle, a calendar .. The choice is yours, what will seem interesting to your group, that project is carried out by your group.
Project work in progress according to plan:
1. Define the problem.
2. Identify the cause.
3. Put forward a solution to this problem.
The plan can be supplemented with your suggestions.
The projects will be evaluated by a jury selected by you from the students of the class according to the following criteria:
1.Originality
2. Compliance with the task
3.Product protection
4. Answers to the questions posed
5. The work of all group members
I wish you creative success.
Options for design assignments:
Project task 1Learn about waste paper. Complete the task: design a poster for the residents of the village of Vakhtan about the dangers of burning paper and calling for the collection of waste paper for recycling
waste paper
Material: paper, sometimes impregnated with wax and covered with various paints.
Damage to nature: The paper itself does not cause damage. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material. However, the ink on the paper can release toxic substances.
Harm to humans: paint can release toxic substances when decomposed.
Decomposition routes: used as food by some microorganisms.
End product of decomposition: humus, bodies of various organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash.
It is strictly forbidden to burn paper in the presence of food, as dioxins may form.
Project assignment 2
Read up on food waste. Complete the task: draw up a memo for residents of the village of Chastye on ways to neutralize food waste.
Food waste
Damage to nature: practically does not cause. Used for nutrition by various organisms.
Harm to humans: rotting food waste is a breeding ground for germs. During decay, foul-smelling and poisonous substances are released in high concentrations.
Ways of decomposition: are used in food by various microorganisms.
The end product of decomposition: the bodies of organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 1-2 weeks.
Recycling method (at any scale): composting.
The least dangerous disposal method (on a small scale): composting.
Products formed during neutralization: humus.
It is strictly forbidden to throw into fire, as dioxins can be formed.
Project assignment 3
Learn about fabrics. Complete the task: design a poster for the residents of the village. Frequent, calling to find a new use for unnecessary things.
Fabric products
Fabrics are synthetic (melt when heated) and natural (charred when heated). Everything written below refers to natural fabrics.
Damage to nature: do not cause. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material.
Decomposition routes: used as food by some organisms.
End product of decomposition: humus, body of organisms, carbon dioxide, water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.
Recycling method (on a large scale): processing into wrapping paper.
Recycling method (on a small scale): composting.
The least dangerous method of disposal (on a small scale): incineration under conditions that ensure complete combustion.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash
Project assignment 4
Learn about plastics. Complete the task: draw up a memo for residents of the village of Frequent about the dangers of burning plastic products.
Plastic products of unknown composition
Damage to nature: interfere with gas exchange in soils and water bodies. Can be swallowed by animals, resulting in death. They can release substances that are toxic to many organisms.
Human hazard: May release toxic substances when decomposed.
Decomposition time: depends on the plastic, usually about 100 years, maybe more.
Recycling methods: depends on the plastic (usually remelting). For many plastics, there are no ways to recycle (due to the difficulty of identifying a particular plastic).
Products resulting from neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this can form huge amounts of dioxins.
Project assignment 5
Learn about packaging material. Complete the task: design a poster for the residents of the village. Frequent, calling not to scatter the packaging material.
Food packaging
Material: paper and various types of plastics, including chlorine-containing ones. Sometimes aluminum foil.
Damage to nature: can be swallowed by large animals, which causes the death of the latter.
Ways of decomposition: slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. Very slowly destroyed by the action of sunlight. Sometimes used in food by some microorganisms.
Decomposition time: depends on the product. Usually - tens of years, maybe more.
Recycling method (on a large scale): usually does not exist (due to the difficulty of separating into components)
The least dangerous method of disposal (on any scale): burial.
Decontamination products: dependent on plastics. Usually carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, poisonous organochlorines.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as dioxins may be formed.
Project assignment 6
Study the material about tin cans. Complete the task: draw up a memo for residents of the village of Chastye about the proper disposal of cans.
Cans
Material: galvanized or tin plated iron.
Damage to nature: Zinc, tin and iron compounds are poisonous to many organisms. The sharp edges of the cans injure animals.
Harm to humans: toxic substances are released during decomposition.
Decomposition pathways: very slowly oxidized by oxygen. Very slowly destroyed by the action of sunlight.
End product of decomposition: carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen chloride.
Decomposition time: on earth and in fresh water - several hundred years, in salt water - several decades.
Recycling methods (in large quantities): None (due to technological difficulties).
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on any scale): removal to a landfill.
Products resulting from neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this produces huge amounts of dioxins.
Children's projects.
Municipal educational institution
"Average secondary school No. 6 "
Environmental project
We are for a clean city
10th grade student
Sheludyakova Anastasia
Scientific adviser:
biology and ecology teacher
Karyachkina T.A.
g.o. Saransk
I. Introduction…………………………………………………………
1. Relevance of the chosen topic
2. Goals and objectives of the study
3. Subject of research. problem question
4. Hypothesis
5. Research methods
6. Stages of work on the project
II. Main part. Theoretical aspect...…………
Waste classification.
Waste management: collection, removal, use, neutralization.
Danger of waste.
4. What does recycling give for nature and man
III. Main part. Practical aspect………………
Object of study.
Research methodology: questioning.
questionnaire questions.
Answer analysis. Conclusions.
What is the use of separate waste?
Implementation of a separate waste system.
What is it for in our village?
Project plan development:
a) Collection of data on waste processing. Conclusion.
b) Making a plan.
IV. Conclusion…………………………………………………….
V. References…………………………………………
I.Introduction
Relevance of the chosen topic.
Relevance of the topic There is no doubt that each of us throws away a huge amount of garbage. So, the average city dweller annually produces about 300 kg or 1.5 m 3 of waste per year. In terms of weight, this is comparable to an average elk, and in terms of volume - with three large refrigerators. Imagine how much waste is generated in an apartment building. How many houses are there in our city? According to official data, 40 million tons of household waste per year (ie waste from the residential sector) is thrown away in Russia. In total, more than 4.5 billion tons of garbage enter landfills annually. Remember that the waste of the city is made up of the waste of each inhabitant. This does not include construction or industrial waste. Moreover, we throw away garbage both in an organized way (in garbage cans, bins, etc.) and in an unorganized way. Poisonous substances that end up in landfills (in used batteries, accumulators, as well as in rotting and decaying food products) penetrate into groundwater, which is often used as a source of drinking water, and are dispersed by winds in the surrounding area, thereby causing damage to the environment. Some products Rotting can ignite spontaneously, so fires regularly occur in landfills, in which soot, phenol, and other toxic substances are released into the atmosphere.
Of all the global environmental problems that mankind has entered the 21st century with: a population explosion, the ozone layer, acid precipitation, the growth of household waste, the depletion of fossil natural resources, the lack of clean fresh water, etc., today the problem of the growth of household waste is considered relevant.
The experience of the world practice of burying the amount of solid domestic and industrial waste at landfills and landfills: Russia up to 90%, USA - 73%, Germany - 70%, Japan - 30%. The increasing accumulation of municipal solid waste leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution, which are among the most acute environmental problems.
Targets and goals.
Target: prove the need for separate collection of garbage in the village.
Tasks.
Compile a questionnaire and conduct a social survey among students of school No. 6
Analyze the results of the survey.
Explore the Separate Garbage Program.
Subject of study. Problem question.
Subject of study: garbage collection in the village of Pushkarskie settlements
Problem question: will separate waste collection affect the ecological situation in the city.
Hypothesis.
At the beginning of the study, I conducted a survey, as a result of which a hypothesis took shape: if you organize the collection of separate waste in the village, this will have a positive effect on the ecological situation of the city of Saransk.
Research methods.
1. Search method:
Use of Internet resources
- Finding information about pollution and the implementation of the "Separate Waste" project
2. Monitoring method:
- Questioning
- Analysis of incidence statistics
6. Stages of work on the project.
1. Definition of the field of study.
2. Collecting the necessary information.
3. Conducting a survey and testing.
4. Determining the structure of the research work.
5. Summing up.
6. Registration of work.
II . Main part. Theoretical aspect
Waste classification.
Garbage separation(separative waste collection, waste sorting, waste separation) and selective waste collection - actions for sorting and collecting waste, depending on its origin. Separation of garbage is done in order to avoid mixing different types of garbage and environmental pollution. This process allows waste to be given a “second life”, in most cases due to its secondary use and recycling. Separating waste helps prevent it from decomposing, rotting and burning in landfills. Consequently, the harmful impact on the environment is reduced (Wikipedia).
Today, garbage is becoming more dangerous and toxic, no microorganisms are able to decompose it. Today, there is an active search for microorganisms that are capable of decomposing plastic, it occupies a huge amount of space and simply does not decompose in nature.
Classification of garbage according to the degree of danger is carried out for various materials:
Water pollutants
Air pollutants
Chemical substances
All workings can be classified into the following classes:
Extremely hazardous waste materials
Highly hazardous materials
Moderately Hazardous Waste Materials
Low-hazard salvage
Practically harmless substances
III. Main part. Practical aspect research.
At the beginning of the study, I conducted a survey among the younger generation, which will later make up the main population of our village, since an important point in the plan is public opinion and readiness for selective waste collection. It was the survey that became the basis for my project.
For the survey were selected students of MAOU secondary school No. 3 / age 14-17 years /.
Waste management: collection, removal, use, neutralization.
In any case, civilized countries have long come to the conclusion that garbage must be properly disposed of and recycled. In Russia, despite the vast expanses, garbage is also becoming a serious problem. A bill is being discussed in the Russian Duma, according to which separate waste collection will be introduced, and the waste will have an owner - the one who should be responsible for them at every stage, from collection to processing. Indeed, at present, many attractive suburban areas are occupied by landfills. Therefore, the authorities of large Russian megacities are already puzzled by this problem, starting to accustom residents to sorting household waste. This is how a proposal is being considered for organizing special sorting rooms in new buildings on each floor, where each resident could separate their garbage. At the same time, the construction of waste processing enterprises is underway, where it is planned to receive and re-send recyclable materials for industrial production: waste paper, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and much more. But, unfortunately, in society there is both a lack of environmental education among people, and a lack of bins for separate waste collection on city streets.
The strategy of the future should be considered, first of all, the education of the younger generation, respect for the natural environment, the expansion of knowledge, skills and vitality in the management of technological processes, the search for new design solutions for the separate collection of waste and their processing, which will ensure the interests of present and future generations and preserve the nature of the planet Earth. After all
processing allows you to: 1) save valuable natural resources necessary for the production of any product; 2) save water and energy in the production of goods from recycled materials; 3) reduce waste generated from the extraction of resources and the production of goods; 4) reduce the number of landfills and much more. But the widespread processing of waste is possible only as a result of their separation at the place of their formation, i.e. at home, at work, street, enterprise. This is called separate waste collection (SW).
Waste management
In the 20th century, the amount of production and consumption waste grew so rapidly that waste generation became an important problem in large cities and large industries. Along with a large amount of waste, the issue of a lack of natural resources has become acute. selective collection and subsequent use of secondary resources partially helps to reduce the burden on the environment and solve the issue of additional production of raw materials.
Waste disposal
Some wastes require disposal before disposal in landfills, landfills or dumps.
One of the largest industrial wastes is coal-containing waste. Modern scientific developments make it possible to neutralize most of the industrial waste, reduce its volume and ensure maximum safety. Today, the disposal of hazardous waste can be carried out by thermal, physico-chemical, chemical and other methods. So, with the help of redox reactions, substitution reactions, various toxic and dangerous compounds are transferred into an insoluble form.
Danger of waste.
The danger of waste is determined by their physical and chemical properties, as well as the conditions of their storage or placement in the environment.
For waste, it is necessary to draw up a waste passport, determine the hazard class and limits for waste disposal in the environment, limits for accumulation at the enterprise and other documents.
The concept of "Hazardous Waste" is used in the following cases:
Waste poses a risk to human health and/or to the normal state of the natural environment.
Hazard class of harmful substances- a conditional value intended for a simplified classification of potentially hazardous substances. The hazard class is established in accordance with industry regulations. For different objects - for chemicals, for waste, for air pollutants, etc. - different standards and indicators have been established.
What does recycling give to nature and man
In the manufacture of products from recycled materials, the consumption of non-renewable resources, such as metals, oil, natural gas, wood, etc., is reduced.
This helps protect natural areas and the diversity of life on Earth.
Typically, the production of products from recycled materials requires much less energy than the production from virgin raw materials. As a result of reducing the amount of energy used, air and water pollution is reduced.
Other types of pollution are also reduced, for example, from water runoff during mining, soil erosion and the ingress of chemical elements during the extraction of raw materials.
Thanks to recycling, the amount of waste entering the MSW landfills is significantly reduced. This will extend the life of landfills and reduce the area they occupy, for example, recycling one ton of PET bottles saves about 4 m 3 of the landfill area.
Research methodology.
a) Questioning
To study the readiness of a teenager, the students were offered a questionnaire, answering which the students had to tell about their attitude to the separate collection of garbage.
questionnaire questions.
1. How often do you buy products in plastic packaging?
2. Would you agree to hand over paper to a waste paper collection point?
3. Do you have a positive attitude towards separate waste?
4. Is it possible to implement "separate waste" in the village?
5. Do you think it would be worth reopening the return of glass bottles?
6. Do you keep the streets, parks, forests, etc. clean?
7. Would you volunteer to clean your house?
8. Are you ready to sort your family's household waste?
9. What would motivate you to sort your garbage?
Survey results. Answer analysis.
General conclusion: it is obvious that 100% separate collection, that is, the participation of the entire population in it, is impossible. Thus, in practice, an intermediate option can be implemented, providing for the processing of both separately collected and mixed waste. At the same time, the higher the proportion of citizens participating in the sorting of waste at the places of their formation, the lower the costs for waste processing.
What are the benefits of separate garbage collection?
Firstly, it is care for the environment. Pollution adversely affects human health, especially in today's world. In Russia, waste is disposed of by incineration, and all harmful emissions enter the atmosphere. But besides this, garbage decomposes for a long time (especially plastic). If a person leaves it in forest areas, this will worsen the fertility of the soil. That is why it is important not only to collect separate garbage, but also to teach order in nature.
Secondly, recycling. The more production will use secondary raw materials, the more natural resources we will save; reduce the amount of emissions into the atmosphere from garbage incineration; the ecological condition of settlements will improve.
Saransk, together with the settlements subordinate to its administration, has a health index of 35%, occupying the last 23rd place among the administrative regions of the Republic of Mordovia. In total, out of 19 studied parameters, 63% of indicators in the territory of Saransk are the worst or exceed the average value for the republic.
In the municipality of Saransk, where 346.4 thousand inhabitants, or 37% of the population of the republic, currently live, a difficult environmental situation has developed. The territory of the city is located in the area of intense aerosol, water, noise and thermal pollution.
Third, the reduction of diseases. Our health is directly dependent on the state of the environment. Selective waste collection and recycling is the key to a healthy generation.
Fourth, cost reduction. When delivering garbage, a lot of money is spent on its transportation and incineration. Separate waste collection will reduce costs, because. Many recycling companies pick up their own waste from dumpsters.
Conclusion: selective waste collection has a positive effect on the environment and human health, reduces costs, which is important for society.
Implementation of a separate waste collection system.
public hearings;
Brochures, calendars, leaflets were distributed;
Organized exhibitions of works;
Conclusion: This method of garbage collection is profitable and convenient. But it is important to interest the people who will support the new order.
How would such a system work? The sociological study was preceded by an environmental campaign that was held at the school from 2014–2016. It was attended by the entire teaching staff and students of the school. During these years we have been conducting research on the issue of waste and recycling. As part of the environmental campaign, the following events were held:
What is it for in our village?
It would seem that the village is located next to the Botanical Garden, a forest belt, a small industrial production. Why do we need separate garbage?
Pushkar settlements are a growing settlement. Firstly, the village is located near the airport. Many residents of the village visit the city quite often and, returning, would like to breathe fresh air. Secondly, the population is growing, and with it, the amount of waste is growing. With a population of 1,300 people, approximately the village produces 1,950 kilograms daily. It is unimaginable even to imagine how much garbage is generated from our population (711,750 kg) per year. Thirdly, parents want their children to grow up healthy. Fourthly, in addition to the fact that there are emissions from burning garbage, the number of cars is also increasing. Fifthly, the village is located near the highway, on both sides there are bypass roads, from where exhaust gases also come.
Conclusion: there is a need for selective garbage collection. Having studied the "pluses" of the program, we see that it will help improve the ecological situation of the village, as the situation in the city will improve.
"A million for a separate fee."
I discovered this project while researching the Greenpeace website. Its goal is to collect a million signatures under an appeal to mayors of cities and governors of regions with a demand to make it mandatory to install tanks for separate collection of waste in every yard, to fix this method of waste management in law and to approve the rules for garbage collection and normal maintenance of sites where waste is collected.
“Speaking of separate collection, we mean solving a specific problem that concerns each of us, our home, yard, city. After all, separate collection is, first of all, the health of our children, who will not have to inhale the air poisoned by incinerators. This is our clean yard, these are the parks that will surround our city.” ("Greenpeace")
The project started recently, but is already gaining momentum. We can take part in this and contribute to the protection of the environment.
Development of a project plan for the village of Pushkarskiye settlements.
To develop a project plan, I needed to find information about recyclable products. Also, after each, information about the reception points is indicated.
waste paper- waste from the production, processing and consumption of all types of paper and cardboard, suitable for further use as a fibrous raw material.
There are 2 waste paper collection points in the republic on the street. Promyshlennaya-1 and CJSC Energia - st. Proletarskaya d. 132, which accept various types of waste paper: paper, cardboard, books (with and without hardcover), printing waste paper, etc. Each company has self-delivery (minimum - from 200 kg.). As the information on the sites indicates, the price depends on the quality of the paper. There are also organizations that post ads on social networks.
Thus, there are waste paper collection points in our city and not far from our village, and, therefore, the delivery of paper can be implemented.
Household waste- substances (or mixtures of substances) recognized as unsuitable for further use after domestic use of products end up in a landfill.
Plastic– organic materials based on synthetic or natural macromolecular compounds (polymers). Plastics based on synthetic polymers have received exceptionally wide use.
A big flaw in the region is a negligible number of plastic collection points. As shown by the search results on the Internet, there are companies in Saransk MordovVtorResurs LLC, VtorPlastmas LLC, st. Proletarskaya, 130, which accepts plastic for recycling.
hazardous waste- wastes that contain harmful substances that have dangerous properties (toxicity, explosion hazard, fire hazard, high reactivity) or contain pathogens of infectious diseases, or which may pose an immediate or potential hazard to the natural environment and human health on their own or when coming into contact with other substances (law "On production and consumption waste"). One small battery, decomposing in a landfill, spoils 400 liters of water.
Recycling points in Mordovia: Mordovian Procurement Company, st. Promyshlennaya1-aya, 41, OOO Mordovia Ecological Plant, Aleksandrovskoe shosse 30, RTO, recycling center, st. building, 1.
Battery recycling - "RegionYugEco" st. Osipenko 8 . OOO "Leading Recycling Company" st. Soviet, 109
Glass- substance and material, one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, universal in human practice. The acceptance of glass containers in Saransk can significantly affect the ecological situation in the city and improve the economic component. Rational recycling of glass containers, its reuse is beneficial for local enterprises. Among them are the SUN InBev beer manufacturer, the Saransky cannery and the Saransky dairy plant.
Disposal of household appliances- Over time, household items begin to fail, break down, and if it is possible to fix the problem, then for some time they can still be used. And if the breakdown is serious and the device can only be thrown away? Here, everyone should remember that an unauthorized release threatens with a serious fine, but most importantly, poisonous harmful compounds contained in the devices will cause great harm, which, under the influence of weather conditions, will fall into the soil and cause enormous damage to the environment. In Saransk, the disposal of household appliances and items is carried out by the companies LLC Promekotekhnologiya, LLC Rusutilit, LLC GriKontrol Utilization, which have special permits and licenses to carry out these actions. In addition to these enterprises, electronic equipment stores, such as Eldorado and M. Video, provide great assistance in the collection and disposal of equipment from the population.
Conclusion: Based on the material provided, the “Separate Garbage” project can exist, as there are suitable conditions and the desire of people to take part in promoting the program.
Project plan.
Based on the collected material, I developed a project plan for the implementation of selective waste in the village.
Preparatory stage.
Communication with the residents of the village. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a social survey, whether they are ready for such changes. It is important to involve young people who will be able to hold campaign teams in schools and on the streets, talking about the benefits of separate waste collection. In addition, it is these young people who make up half of the population of the village. Consequently, they will make habitual selective waste in their families.
It is necessary to enlist the support of the village administration in sponsoring and assisting in the implementation of this project.
Contact firms that are ready to accept garbage. See if they can take it out on their own.
Equipment of sites and purchase of containers for garbage collection.
IV. Conclusion
Thus, having studied a lot of theoretical material, the results of the survey, we confirmed the hypothesis that if we organize the collection of separate waste in the village, this will have a favorable effect on the whole city. Thanks to it, the ecological situation of both the city and the village will improve. The number of healthy children and adults will increase.
It is obvious that the entire population will not participate in the project. In practice, an intermediate option can be implemented, providing for the processing of both separately collected and mixed waste.
V. References
1. www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/
2 www.wikipedia.org
3. http://www.new-garbage.com/
4. http://www.ecoteco.ru/
5.http://nizhniynovgorod.tradeis.ru/industry/cat/utilizaciya_otkhodov_vtorsyrjo
Implementation - project results.
Conclusion: this plan is the basis for the future project.
- The influence of climatic and meteorological factors on the functioning of the organism of students of early youth in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Homeless dogs in the urban environment in Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and a danger to human health.
- Dust collector trees, their importance in improving the environment in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- The study of environmental factors in conditions of inclined microzoning of agrolandscapes on the example of the Uktus Mountains.
- Analysis of water quality and the state of water intake facilities in Yekaterinburg or the cities of the Sverdlovsk region (case study).
- Monitoring of drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- The study of the phytoncidal properties of green plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region
- Census of wintering birds: ecological aspect (Participation in the program of winter bird censuses "Eurasian Christmas census").
- Methods for studying the ecological state of the Iset or Patrushikha river, lake. Shartash, other reservoirs of the region and their use in the assessment of anthropogenic impact (a specific reservoir).
- Comparison of the cleansing capacity of the river ecosystem of the Iset, Patrushikha or other rivers of the region (case study).
- Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg) as an indicator of environmental pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- Perception of the visual environment and its influence on the well-being of a person (on a specific example).
- Natural-historical-cultural monument of nature "Stone tents" or other natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
- Comparative characteristics of the vegetation of landscape natural monuments "Shartash forest park" and "Uktus forest park" or other forest parks of the city (specific examples).
- Assessment of the state of the air environment in the districts of Yekaterinburg or other cities of the region by the method of lichen indication (specific area).
- Influence of anthropogenic impact on the growth and fruiting of Scots pine trees in Kharitonovsky Park or other parks of the city and region (specific park).
- The role of propaganda in increasing motivation to protect the environment on the example of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College and its impact on human health.
- Environmental studies of changes in the physical development of first-year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Household waste and problems of their disposal in the districts of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
- Assessment of the state of green spaces in the districts of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region and the impact on human health (a case study).
- Fauna of diurnal Lepidoptera in the districts of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- Study of the demographic situation in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
- Assessment of the recreational capacity of a forest park or a protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (specific area).
- How to survive a monument in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
- Videoecology of the valley of the Iset or Patrushikha rivers and other rivers of the region.
- The dynamics of the avifauna of some forest areas in the Sverdlovsk region (a specific area) and the impact of anthropogenic pressure.
- Practical aspects of interaction between people and birds in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- Factors affecting the performance and fatigue in the educational process in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Radiation monitoring of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region.
- The impact of environmental environmental factors on the health of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- The problem of modernity "Tuberculosis - the border between life and death."
- Comparative characteristics of the ecological situation in the area of buildings 1 and 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Influence of the urban environment on the state of plants (on the example of studying the growth and development of lilac shoots).
- Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and near-water birds during the autumn migration period at the mouth of the Patrushikha River.
- Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and near-water birds during the autumn migration period in the pond of the Kharitonovsky park.
- Noise pollution in the 2nd building of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Proper housekeeping (case study).
- Comparative analysis of biological methods for assessing air quality using lichen.
- Study of Red Book and rare phytocenotic objects of a forest park or a protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
- Some features of physical development and hemodynamic function of the heart in 1st and 2nd year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- The study of the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify genetically modified ingredients in it.
- The study of the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify harmful food additives.
- Monitoring of the ecological state of the ecological systems of the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (specific examples).
- Study of rare and protected plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
- The daily intake of nutrients by students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- The diet of students of SBEI SPO "Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College"
- Assessment of the ecological state of the air environment on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Video-environmental rationale for the discomfort of the interface of modern operating systems.
- Comparative analysis of indoor plants in classrooms - No. 216, 316 as a factor in improving the indoor microclimate.
- The study of the ecological state of the Kharitonovsky Park or the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
- Ecological characteristics of the water system of the forest park Shartash (case study) and impact on health.
- Ecological characteristics of the reservoirs of the Sverdlovsk region and the impact on health (case study).
- Aging of the population of the Sverdlovsk region as an environmental problem.
- Dynamics of the ecological state of the Park of Culture and Leisure named after Mayakovsky.
- The use of microfertilizers as an effective way to dispose of household waste (on a specific site).
- Forecasting the level of pollution of surface waters in the Sverdlovsk region.
- Using the bioindication method to assess the state of atmospheric air in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg.
- Analysis of drinking water in Yekaterinburg and the impact on health.
- Ecological passport of the forest park of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
- Dependence of the incidence of ARVI and influenza in schoolchildren on the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
- Biotechnical measures for the conservation of plant species listed in the Red Book in the territory of a forest park or nature reserve in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
- Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of Lake Shartash or rivers and lakes of cities and towns in the region.
- The secret of the water we drink.
- Influence of different types of tillage on its agronomic properties.
- The study of the ecological state of the river Iset, Patrushikha or rivers and lakes of the region.
- Violation of human eating behavior under the influence of socio-psychological factors.
- Socio-psychological factors of the environment and their impact on the health of students in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Determination of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the surrounding video environment in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
- Determination of the ecological characteristics of the meadows of the Sverdlovsk region by vegetation cover (specific examples).
- Influence of the anthropogenic factor on the ecosystem of the meadow in the Sverdlovsk region.
- Aircraft noise impact assessment in the area adjacent to Koltsovo Airport.
- The problem of beer alcoholism among students of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Mobile phone: "for" and "against" (on the example of students of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
- Determination of noise pollution on the territory of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Food additives pros and cons.
- Category E food additives on human health.
- Assessment of the intensity of the traffic flow and its impact on the state of atmospheric air in the area of the reinforced concrete plant or other areas of the city and region.
- Dynamics of the number and biomass of the earthworm (Limbricus terrestris) in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (on the example of the suburban area of the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region).
- Determination of nitrates in agricultural products.
- Dependence of the species and quantitative composition of birds on the degree of recreational load of natural forest parks and parks of the city of Yekaterinburg in winter.
- Studying the impact of the highway on environmental safety on the example of the concrete goods district or other districts of the city and region.
- "The green dress of my street."
- The impact of railway transport on human health (on specific examples).
- Study of the illumination of the classrooms of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Ecological potential of the method of photographing wildlife in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
- Ecological potential of the method of drawings of wildlife objects of the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities of the region.
- Conduct a comparative analysis of parks or forest parks in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities in the region by photographing wildlife.
- Landscaping of the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Ecology of homeless animals in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
- The study of the ecological state of the springs of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region and the territory adjacent to them (on a specific example).
- Arrangement of springs and the territory adjacent to them in the vicinity of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region (on a specific example).
- Monitoring the quality of tap water in the city of Yekaterinburg.
- Influence of the degree of environmental pollution on the physiological parameters of some tree species in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
- Nitrates in vegetable products (on specific examples).
- Features of the perception of environmental risks in the context of the economic crisis.
- Studying the problem of urban environment pollution with household waste (on the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region).
- Dependence of bronchial asthma attacks on industrial air pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
- My view on the problem of homeless animals in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and ways to solve it.
- Assessment of the state of the visual environment of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
- Influence of the conditions of urbanized Yekaterinburg on the state of the cardiovascular system of students.
- Mental performance and physiological adaptation of students to the system of vocational training in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Vitamin C in the diet of the indigenous and visiting population of Yekaterinburg.
- Study of the effect of road transport emissions on the linear growth of pine in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- Study of the ecological environment of a dwelling (on a specific example).
- Influence of external factors on seed germination (on the example of flower seeds).
- Influence of computer addiction on the progress of students in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
- Study of the influence of the visual environment on human health in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
- Studying the attitude of college students to smoking and the harmful effects of tobacco products on living organisms (at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
- Evaluation of the resistance of trees and shrubs in green spaces in residential areas of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
- Linden as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
MUNICIPAL BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL No. 13
Zheleznodorozhny Urban District, Moscow Region
__________________________________________________________________
st. Novaya, 34 8-495-527-55-37
ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT
"LET'S SAVE NATURE TOGETHER"
Nomination "Global Ecology"
Ganina Natalia
4th grade students
MBOU NSh №13
Project Manager:
Anisimova Valentina Alekseevna
(social teacher)
Zheleznodorozhny
2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.
Forest areas.
Animal world.
Air space.
Water.
The soil.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Introduction
Relevance of the problem
More and more often we hear and pronounce the word "ecology". Science is complex, important and necessary. Science is up to date. Ecology is the science of relationships in nature, the relationship of man to the environment. The riches of the Earth are exhausted faster than they are restored.
Natural resources, which we had not so long ago in abundance, are being depleted. Nature cannot heal its wounds indefinitely. It is possible that in recent weeks another mammal, another bird or another plant has disappeared from the face of the Earth. Let's remember that each animal or plant is unique.
Objective of the project:
Attracting the attention of others to an environmental problem;
Expanding horizons in the system of environmental knowledge and ideas (intellectual development);
Development of aesthetic feelings (the ability to see and feel the beauty of nature, to admire it, the desire to preserve it);
Project objectives:
Learn to observe objects of animate and inanimate nature.
Develop the ability to draw conclusions by establishing causal relationships between objects of nature.
Develop skills for environmentally friendly behavior in nature;
To cultivate a sense of empathy and a desire to help needy objects of nature: plants, insects, animals, birds, humans.
Implementation stages
Preparatory stage
Setting goals and objectives, determining directions, objects and methods.
Research phase
Search for answers to the questions posed in different ways.
Generalizing
Summarizing the results of the work in a variety of forms, analyzing them, consolidating the knowledge gained, formulating conclusions and, if possible, making recommendations.
Project result
Ecological culture is understood as a holistic system that includes a number of elements:
- system of ecological knowledge;
- a culture of feelings (sympathy, empathy, a sense of patriotism);
A culture of environmentally educated behavior.
As a result of work on the project, we expect:
raising environmental and cultural awareness;
acquiring the skills to pose and solve problems, anticipate situations, make informed conclusions about the state of the environment;
making a feasible contribution by each person to the protection of the environment.
woodlands
Russia is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of forest reserves. The forest fund area in the Russian Federation exceeds 1,180 million hectares.
Do you know?
Forests play an important role in water purification. The fact is that the root system of trees forms such soil conditions that purify groundwater, making it truly pure and natural. Taking care of trees means taking care of water for our descendants. And one of the goals of the "Springs of Russia" is just a manifestation of concern for future generations of Russians.
The role of forests in the natural complex and economic activity cannot be overestimated. Over the past 20-25 years, the state of forest resources has been continuously deteriorating, and the situation with forest use has become aggravated. Representatives of the authorities are doing everything to preserve and increase the region's forests. But malicious violators destroy trees.
Each of us can contribute to the conservation of trees.
So, in October, the contest “Let's save nature together!” was held at our school, students, teachers and parents planted trees. Interesting and helpful.
Animal world
The role of animals in the biosphere and human life is extremely great.
In itself, the diversity of animal species is beneficial to humans. They serve as sources of nutrition, technical and medicinal raw materials, keepers of the genetic fund for improving the breeds of domestic animals.
From year to year, scientists record a decrease in the number and extinction of animals for the following reasons:
Habitat disturbance;
Overexploitation, fishing in prohibited areas;
Direct destruction in order to protect products;
Accidental (unintentional) destruction;
Environmental pollution.
The protection of animals is, first of all, the protection of their habitats.
My call: do not destroy the nests of birds, do not pollute nature, treat it with care!
Water
Water is a constant, inseparable companion of a person throughout his life. It is more valuable than oil, gas, coal, iron, because water is indispensable. It plays a decisive role in a person's life.
"Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell, you cannot be described, you are enjoyed without believing that you are. It cannot be said that you are necessary for life, you are life itself. You fill us with joy that cannot be explained by our feelings, with you the forces that we have already said goodbye return to us. You are the greatest wealth in the world!”
(Antoine de Saint-Exupery).
We, people, do not perceive this value: the waters of rivers, lakes, seas and oceans are polluted every day. Unscrupulous businesses dump their waste into the water. It is necessary to strictly control their work in the field of environmental protection!
Many years ago, Cook (a navigator) found lumps of fuel oil in the ocean, the largest were the size of potatoes! But what about the inhabitants of the reservoirs? They get a lot too!
Each of us can make a contribution to environmental protection - do not throw garbage! Especially near the water!
The soil
You know that the Moscow region has a number of minerals. In the first place among them in terms of reserves and use is peat, there are also various clays, there are many limestone deposits in the Moscow region, there is brown coal, iron ore.
So, we see that although the Moscow land is not very rich in minerals and ores, there is material in its depths for construction and crafts, and even for decoration. We just need to take care of nature.
The soil is being destroyed due to improper mining, fertilizer application, water and air pollution.
Soil protection is the most acute global problem of today.
Air space
Our planet is shrouded in a continuous thick layer of atmosphere, which consists of a mixture of gases, water vapor, moisture drops, ice crystals. The thickness of the atmosphere is approximately 20 thousand kilometers.
The atmosphere is the "clothes" for our planet. It protects the Earth from overheating and cooling, protects all living things.
90% of air pollutants come from fuel combustion in power plants, factories (smoke emissions) and car engines.
Air pollution has a harmful effect on living organisms.
In an attempt to solve this problem, people install filters in factories, invent gas-powered cars, and plant trees.
Each of us can contribute, for example, by planting a tree. Tree leaves purify the air.
Conclusion
Planet Earth is a common home for all people. Only prudent management and reasonable use of its wealth can ensure the well-being and safety of the inhabitants of our planet!
"LET'S SAVE NATURE TOGETHER!".
Bibliography
For students
Big encyclopedia of the animal world. M.: CJSC "ROSMEN-PRESS", 2007.
I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Plants./Comp. L.A. Bagrova - M.: TKO "AST", 1995.
I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Animals./Comp. ETC. Lyakhov-M.: TKO "AST", 1999
MBOU "Sizobugorsk secondary school named after the poet Majlis Utezhanov"
Scientific and practical conference of schoolchildren:
"Ecology and Life", dedicated to the Year of Ecology.
Topic of educational and research work:
"Ecology of the native village".
Completed by a student of the 4th "b" class
Utegalieva Anita
Scientific adviser:
Ismurzaeva Zulfiya Dyusenovna
Syziy Bugor village 2017
Introduction…………………………………………………………3-4
Theoretical part:
What is ecology? .............................................................. ........................5
Environmental problems of the village……………………………………6
The negative impact of garbage………………………………………………………………7
Fighting garbage……………………………………………………8
3) Practical part:
Photos about the state of the village……………………………………..9
Saturdays at school……………………………………………….10
Assignment for students in grades 4-5 (drawings)…………………….11
Research: how long garbage remains in water and soil……12-13
4) Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 14-15
5) References…………………………………………………………………16
Introduction
Don't throw trash people!
It can become a big burden ...
Protect the gift of nature
Give her attention!
Tatiana Tsyganok
Great is our Motherland. Its vastness is vast. But for each of us, it starts from the native land. Our region is the Astrakhan region, Volodarsky district, the village of Sizy Bugor.
Indeed, in a small Motherland, as in a person, the main thing is not the number of years lived, but what they were filled with, what trace they left, what changes and good deeds were accomplished in the time allotted by history.
Years go by, the appearance of the village changes, I will tell about the prospects for the development of my native village, its ecology, culture at the present historical stage in my work. After all, in these changes in the village, in its appearance, culture, ecology, agricultural development, an inextricable connection of times, the continuity of generations is visible.
Environmental issues are currently receiving special attention from the public, scientists, and politicians. And this is not accidental, since global environmental problems require a depth of environmental knowledge, a responsible attitude towards the environment.
The mental and physical well-being of a person, his mood, business activity, health to a decisive extent depend on the state of the environment. The ecological state of our Fatherland depends on the state of the ecological environment, even a small settlement.
“We create cities, villages, and they create us,” Aristotle said.
We, the younger generation, growing up in such environmental conditions, when we see that there are fewer and fewer islands of wildlife in the village, we perceive with great pain and resentment. The soul rejoices at the sight of the cleanliness of our village. But sometimes, we often get upset because of the mess. Therefore, I believe that at present the topic "Ecology of the native land" is very important.
2017 is the Year of Ecology. The environmental problem is a very important stage in the development of mankind. It determines the fate of the human world. People, conquering nature, largely destroyed the balance of ecological systems. “Before, nature was afraid of man, but now man is afraid of nature,” said French oceanologist Jacques Yves Cousteau. In some places, the environment has reached a state of crisis.
No one can remain indifferent to environmental pollution. “The bird that pollutes its own nest is bad,” says a folk proverb.
Pollution of the surroundings, reduction of natural resources poses great challenges for humanity. The future of our planet depends on the purity of the environment. To achieve all this, it is necessary that a person realizes everything himself and takes a step towards protecting nature.
Ecological culture and school are closely interconnected. We are faced with the task of gaining knowledge of ecology. To achieve success, you need to work consistently using real facts.
Ecology, as a science, is not included in the school curriculum. Therefore, environmental problems have to be studied in optional classes.
In the lessons of the surrounding world, we pay attention to the problems of the relationship between society and nature, to methods for developing the productivity of rural crops and to studying the adaptation properties of living organisms to environmental factors.
The purpose of the research work: to study the ecology of the native village. Take an active part in improving the environment.
Relevance of research work.
It is important that every person understands the problems of the environment, tries to make it suitable for his living, and cause as little harm as possible to it. I consider my topic of research work to be the most relevant in our time. Modern man cannot today be completely liberated from nature .
On the pages of my educational and research work, I tried to consider (as far as my capabilities allow me) and show, from an ecological point of view, the problem of the environment in our village, associated with the ecological illiterate behavior of people. Each person must behave in relation to nature in such a way that natural ties are not violated. One thing irritates me: before we destroy ourselves, we will destroy the planet.
Object of study: village of Sizy Bugor
Research objectives:
1. To develop the ability to express one's attitude to literary works.
2. To develop interest and respect for the environmental problems of their area.
3. Education of love for nature.
Research methods: selection and search for the necessary material; material analysis; summing up the results.
Scientific and practical significance. The materials of my research can be used for extracurricular activities, in competitive work.
Rationale for the choice of topic: The topic title speaks for itself. We offer to plunge into the problem of our village.
Hypothesis: Find out if the pollution of the territory affects the ecology of the village?
Beginning of work: spring 2017
End of work: work continues.
2) Theoretical part:
- What is ecology?
Ecology is the science of environmental protection.
What is ecology? This term, first used in 1866 by the German biologist E. Haeckel (1834-1919), refers to the science of the relationship of living organisms with the environment. The scientist believed that the new science would deal only with the relationship of animals and plants with their environment.
This term has firmly entered our lives in the 70s of the XX century.
However, today we actually speak about the problems of ecology as about social ecology - a science that studies the problems of interaction between society and the environment.
It seems to me that today the concept of "ecology" is closest to the original understanding of the Greek term "oikos (abode) + 1ogos (teaching)" as the science of one's own home, i.e. about the biosphere, the features of its development and the role of man in this process.
I will add from myself: and his behavior in this house.
Ecological problems of the village.
What environmental problems have I identified in the village?
Our village is distinguished by the beauty of houses, fences, shops…
The houses are well maintained, the fences are painted, along the streets, some have flowers and fruit trees planted. By tradition, people sweep, clean their yard and street. But "civilization" also left a bad mark. Currently, we often see garbage that people have become accustomed to. These are plastic bottles, film, garbage bags. Broken roads give a sloppy look. On every street there are abandoned houses that are a place of accumulation of garbage secretly taken out by negligent owners.
I started my work with a questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren, in which one of the questions was the following: “What kind of environment would you like to see in your native village?”. Everyone had the same answer: clean water, clean air, fertile soil, no dangerous pollutants.
What is the real situation?
Briefly characterizing the current state of the environment and comparing with what we wanted to have, the conclusion is: "What we have is clearly different from what we want."
There are places like unsanitary monuments that cause shame for their villagers. The photo shows all that remains of the building of the kindergarten, the club.
I conducted a study and recorded places with an unsanitary condition: the territory of the former club, fields, banks, a cemetery.
Currently, the field has turned into a garbage dump: manure, plastic bottles, household waste. This is a real breeding ground for various diseases.
People themselves, without thinking about the consequences, deprive themselves of a wonderful vacation spot.
Will it be possible to restore it? I think it's possible. After all, some residents of the village are trying to clear the shore, to restore the former appearance. This is another example of the fact that spontaneous landfills should not be allowed. It is almost impossible to return the former nature.
All in our hands.
The negative impact of garbage.
Garbage is solid household waste (plastic packaging, aluminum cans, glass, cleaning products and waste of food raw materials, paper, etc.), waste from industrial enterprises, the consequences of walking dogs on lawns, etc. Some nooks and crannies of the village, roadsides of automobile expensive...
Where does garbage come from?
The main sources of garbage:
Human
Transport
The shops
Of course, more attention should be paid to the person. Walking through the streets, we do not hesitate to throw papers, cigarette butts, any unnecessary garbage, clearing our pockets. It is even more terrible to see the picture when garbage is thrown out of the windows of houses or vehicles. Scientists have calculated that if every person throws at least one piece of paper a day, then our streets will be covered with a dense layer of paper.
Impact on the health of villagers.
Decaying garbage releases a huge amount of toxic substances that are the cause of many diseases. Changes in plant communities, indirect impact on the fauna of our region. Soil erosion, which reduces fertility and contributes to changes in soil structure. I will give some facts of the formation of toxic substances as a result of the decomposition of organic and mineral composite waste. When such substances are burned, as well as under the action of ultraviolet rays, substances are formed that are very toxic. Alloys containing cobalt adversely affect the content of hemoglobin in the blood. Garbage containing products from the electronics industry can interfere with liver function, and their vapors destroy mucous membranes. Metal coatings containing cadmium, decomposing, cause destruction of the nervous system. Electroplating, alloys, solders contain tin, which also has a negative effect on the nervous system. Mercury batteries, lamps, various types of paints can cause mental disorders and deafness. Fight against garbage.
The main ways to deal with garbage are: improving the culture of the village population. Our school has created special environmental programs, participation in actions, community work days, class hours ... Strengthening control over the cleanliness of the streets, the introduction of administrative penalties for non-compliance with the rules of behavior on the streets and the installation of bins and garbage bins in the village. One of the ways to finally solve the problem of garbage is to burn it. Many villagers use this method. But this method is environmentally harmful, because. when burned, many substances form a large number of toxic compounds that cause a number of diseases, including cancer.
Another method is the recycling of raw materials. But this method for our villages is something from the realm of fantasy.
The most effective method by far is campaigning. After all, it’s not in vain that they say that “it’s clean not where they clean up, but where they don’t litter.” This means that it is necessary to bring to the consciousness of every resident the need to keep their native village clean.
Practical part:
Photos about the state of the village
as of March 2017
Saturdays at school.
“We cut down the forest, arrange landfills,
But who will protect everything?
The streams are empty, there are only sticks in the forest.
It's time for humanity to understand
Wealth from Nature, taking away,
That the Earth must also be protected:
She, like us, is the same - alive!
At the school Saturday
At the school Saturday
Excellent workers.
Clean up the village today
Both old and young came.
Gathered pensioners
Clean streets and fields.
- Do you need helpers?
Suggestions are heard.
It came out first class
Cleaning up for the first time.
You can only hear: - Come on!
Get to work!
Someone is picking up trash
Someone is planting trees
Someone in the flower beds swarms,
Happy faces everywhere.
At the school Saturday
All wipers, all rafts.
Even a restless resident
I came to help today.
Nobody quarrels with anyone
Everyone's job is arguing.
The fourth grade decided on "five"
Clean up the village for the holiday.
N. Anishina
Task for schoolchildren in grades 4-5:
How do you imagine "Ecology of the native village".
(drawings)
Research: how long garbage remains in water and soil.
Landfills are breeding grounds for rats, mice, and numerous insects.
It is known that the decomposition rate of ordinary paper in natural conditions is about 2 years, a metal tin can is about 90 years, a plastic bag is about 200 years, and a glass jar is about 1000 years, and most plastics do not decompose.
I can confirm these figures by my research: how long garbage remains in water and soil.
We will place garbage from different materials: paper, plastic, metal, fruit.
Into a container of water
In a container with soil
Let's see what happens with the garbage:
| Went down to the bottom | Stayed on the surface | Stayed on the surface | ||
| A week later | Without changes | Without changes | will swell | Started to fall apart |
| next week | There have been changes | Without changes | decomposed | |
| A week later | Without changes | Without changes | will swell | Minor changes |
| A week later | Minor changes | Without changes | strong changes | strong changes |
It is terrible to think what awaits us in the near future: we will find ourselves hostages of ourselves, we will surround ourselves with mountains of garbage.
Conclusion
A green world - this is how I want to see the planet and my small homeland. Nature is our common heritage and common home. Recently, it has become increasingly difficult and uncomfortable to live in this house. Everything in our complex world is interconnected, nature is fragile and vulnerable, and the consequences of a rude, insane attitude towards the animal and plant world can be catastrophic. But we have one planet, one for all earthlings and there will be no other. Each inhabitant is responsible to all mankind for the preservation of nature for present and future generations.
For the decomposition of a glass bottle, it takes 200 years, paper - 2-3 years, textile products - 2-3 years, wooden products - several decades, a tin can - more than 90 years, a plastic bag - more than 200 years, plastic - 500 years.
You can use garbage to good use - use part of the plastic waste to equip a flower garden, create various crafts, bird feeders, etc .; glass containers, if possible, hand over to a collection point; clothes in good condition that are no longer worn, to give to those in need; books, magazines to hand over to the library; donate old toys to kindergarten.
How do I see my village in 10-20 years?
Spring, morning, steamy air, unsteady sunlight, the whiteness of birch trunks, the singing of birds, in the summer a sea of flowers sat on a flowerbed and the happy laughter of children.
There lived a wise man who knew the answers to all questions. The students decided to shame the teacher. One of them took a butterfly in his palm. And they decided to ask the wise man: what do they have in their hands: dead or alive? If the answer is "dead", then we will release the butterfly, and if the answer is "live", then we will squeeze our palms, and it will die. Thus, in any case, he will be wrong. But the sage answered his disciples... What did he answer them? ALL IN YOUR HANDS.
Let's remember this: our future is in our hands.
I want to urge all residents:
maintain cleanliness not only in your home, but also in your yard, on your street, in public places;
treat the earth with care, do not litter the soil with inorganic household waste (glass, polyethylene, iron tanks, etc.);
prevent unreasonable felling of trees and shrubs;
plant at least one tree for each villager;
actively participate in spring and autumn cleaning of the village;
I want to continue my research work.
I was born in the village of Sizy Bugor,
What stands by the river Bushma.
How beautiful it is here
I love everything here
I can't even live without her!
I'll leave the house
The coast will open
I see a wonderful distance
And in the spring, when everything wakes up,
Often there, in front of people,
Starlings walk so important
And I watch them for hours.
I am very sorry, of course, that the river
overgrown completely with garbage along the banks!
There are fewer fish in the river,
But the crow doesn't care!!!
How do you want your native village
Wish to develop, grow,
So that in the future our descendants
You could see this beauty!
Bibliography
- http://socfil.narod.ru
Alekseev. Textbook "Ecology" - M, Education, 2002 - 98 p.
Chernova N.M., Bylova A.M. Ecology. - M.: Enlightenment, 1981.- 254 p.
Novikov Yu.V. Ecology, environment and man. M.: Agency "Fair", 1998. - 320 p.
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