Ukrainian alphabet- one of the variations of the Cyrillic writing system. Belarusian is the closest genealogical language to Ukrainian. The Ukrainian language is the officially recognized language of Ukraine and unofficially of Transnistria. In philology, this language is called Western Russian, Old Ukrainian or Old Belarusian. Only by the middle of the 20th century did Ukrainian receive official recognition, before that it was considered a Little Russian dialect.
Almost all letters in writing correspond to the Russian alphabet. The Ukrainian alphabet also consists of 33 letters, but some of them are all different. It's funny that at one time the soft sign in the Ukrainian alphabet was not in the usual place, but was at the very end of the alphabet.
Ukrainian language. Peculiarities. Letters of the Ukrainian alphabet.
Ukrainian language alphabet does not include some of the letters so familiar to us: e, b, s and e. In those words that use the sound corresponding to the letter ё in the Russian alphabet, the Ukrainian alphabet will suggest the combination yo (his / yogo) at the beginning of the word and after the vowel sound, and after the soft consonant - ё. A dividing solid sign is indicated by an apostrophe.
If we learn the letters of the Ukrainian alphabet, then we will certainly come across the letters i, ï, є. But do not be afraid, because all these letters have analogues in Russian. So, i will denote the familiar to us and, ï corresponds to our e or ё. The letter ё in some cases is also denoted by the Ukrainian letter є.
There is an interesting feature in the spelling of some Ukrainian words - at the beginning there is a so-called secondary consonant (v or d). For example, in the words wuho (ear), gorih (nut).
Unusual letter combinations in words that are pronounced the same as in Russian are very interesting. They occur in words like ïjju (I drive).
Both lowercase and uppercase letters in Ukrainian, as well as in Russian, have the same spelling when printed and different when written by hand. It turns out that printed lowercase letters and uppercase letters differ only in size. The rules for the use of lowercase and uppercase letters in the Ukrainian language are the same as in Russian. Uppercase (large, capital) letters are used when writing proper names (names and surnames of people, animal names, geographical names) and names. The names include the names of institutions, monuments, public events, orders, etc. In Ukrainian, a capital letter is placed at the beginning of a sentence, just like in Russian.
In case you are studying Ukrainian alphabet online, be sure to listen to the recordings with the correct pronunciation of the letters. Indeed, in the Ukrainian language there is a guttural fricative h (r) and voiced sound combinations j, dz. These are especially difficult to study. letters for kids. We offer learn the alphabet for kids online this provides a wonderful opportunity to visually memorize the letters of a language not only from paper, but also from a computer screen. In the future, the child will not have to get used to using a computer when reading or writing in Ukrainian.
Learn Ukrainian alphabet online. Ukrainian alphabet for children. Learn the letters of the Ukrainian language.
- A a
- B b
- in in
- G g
- Ґ ґ
- D d
- Her
- Є є
- F
- W h
- And and
- І і
- Ї ї
- th
- K to
- L l
- Mm
- N n
- Oh oh
- P p
- R p
- C with
- T t
- u u
- f f
- x x
- C c
- h h
- W w
- u u
- b b
- yu yu
- I am
We will start this lesson by studying the Ukrainian alphabet, Ukrainian letters. It should be noted that the Ukrainian alphabet is slightly different from the Russian one. Some letters differ from Russian in pronunciation, while others differ in spelling.
There are new letters in the Ukrainian alphabet:
Ї, ї - read as a sound (yi) or (ji), formed by the merger of two sounds (th) and (and),
Є є - reads like a sound (ye) or (je), like the Russian letter e,
Ґ ґ - reads like the Russian letter g.
At the same time, the Ukrainian letter is pronounced differently than the outwardly similar Russian letter i.
And, and in the Ukrainian language is read approximately like Russian ы.
І, і - should be pronounced like Russian and.
Pronounce the Ukrainian letter E, e, close in sound to Russian e.
Ukrainian G, g is pronounced softly, like the g in the words aha (aha) and oho,
Ukrainian h sounds harder than Russian.
In the Ukrainian language there is an apostrophe - a separating solid sign, denoted in writing in the form of a superscript comma ", which is almost never found in Russian.
And now let's repeat all this in the table: Ukrainian alphabet
G, g
Ґ, ґ
Her
Є, є
And, and
І, і
Ї, ї sound Russian correspondence
(h) - soft g
(G)
(uh)
(je) like Russian e
close to (s)
(and)
(ji)
Otherwise, the pronunciation of Russian and Ukrainian letters is practically the same. But it should be remembered that all letters in the Ukrainian language are always read the way they are written. The unstressed vowel o is pronounced clearly, that is, o should always sound like o, but not like a. The same applies to the letter g. Unlike the Russian language, it is always read as g (h) even at the end of adjectives in the genitive case.
And now let's get busy. Pronounce the Ukrainian letter r. We pronounce it the way r sounds in South Russian dialects softly, slightly towards the sound x, or how r sounds in the words aha (aha), oh (oho). Say these two words, repeat them. Did you feel the sound of the Ukrainian g? Wonderful. Now try to pronounce any words with the letter g, but pronounce this letter in Ukrainian. Fall in love with this soft sound filled with the beauty of the Ukrainian land. Let it be your sound. Love him as something closest. Practice its pronunciation throughout the day among your family. May they love it too.
Have you already started exercising? Excellent! And if you pronounce all the letters clearly in accordance with their spelling, that is, always pronounce o as o, r even at the end of adjectives as r (your (your), distant (far), Ukrainian (Ukrainian)), Russian (Russian) and softly, you are already speaking with a Ukrainian accent. Try to pronounce whole sentences like this.
Wonderful! Your pronunciation is close to perfect. Soften your e a little. Do you remember how it is written in Ukrainian? Of course, e. And now, more softly and with a higher timbre, try to pronounce the Ukrainian letter and (corresponds approximately to Russian s), that is, it should sound, unlike Russian s, a little closer to the Russian letter u (Ukrainian i). Have you imagined how Ukrainian and (corresponds to Russian s) sounds? Then let's pronounce this beautiful sound together. That's right! A little softer and higher in timbre than the Russian s. Yes, yes, a little closer to Russian and. Well done! But if you really can’t do anything with Ukrainian and just pronounce it like Russian s, you won’t be much mistaken. Now read the Ukrainian words: Hryts (hryts), hryvnia (hryvnya), burn (hory), hands (hands), pokie (poke).
And now try to fall in love with the most beautiful Ukrainian sound, which is denoted by the letter ї. It's easy to pronounce. Connect two sounds: sound (s) and sound (s). Get (yi) or (ji). Is it really easy? Repeat several times. Let's pronounce this sound in words:
Ukraine (Ukraine), Kiev (Kyiv), її (yyy), їzhak (yizhak), їsti (yists).
How is your Ukrainian and? Soft? And g? Do not forget that we pronounce g as in the word aha? Excellent! You learned the letter ї without difficulty. In the word Kiev at the end, do not pronounce f, as in the Russian version, but v, as it is written. Pronounce this v at the end of the word a little closer to the sound y, somewhere between v and y. It always sounds like this at the end of a word:
Pishov (pishov), know (know), robiv (robyў), bachiv (bachyў).
Constantly practice pronunciation of all the above and any other words, you can even Russian, but pronounce them in Ukrainian.
As a homework task, we suggest you read and memorize a poem by the famous Ukrainian poet Alexander Oles about the long-suffering Ukrainian language, which, no matter what, will already sound loudly, in addition, we want to introduce you to the poem of our great Kobzar Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko " Zapovit". You have already mastered the Ukrainian alphabet! Good luck!
How long have we been waiting for my will of the word,
I axis won't sleep, brinit.
Brinit - our mova is sleeping,
Charuє, hush and p'yanit.
For a long time they waited for me ... Uklin cholom people,
What will I bring my language to us,
Zberig in such a terrible disgrace,
If the wine itself does not stand for a moment.
(O. Oles)
REQUEST
If I die, then pooh
Me on the grave
Middle stepu wide
Dear in Ukraine,
Shchob doe wide-field,
I Dnipro, i steep
It was visible, it was barely,
Yak roaring roaring.
Yak carried from Ukraine
By the blue sea
I'm telling you blood ... go away
I doe, i burn -
I'll leave everything, i Polina
All the way to God
Pray... and before that
I don't know God.
Come on, get up
Tear Kaidani
I enemy evil blood
Sprinkle your will.
I am great in this,
In sim`ї free, new,
Don't forget to remember
Unstoppable with a quiet word.
The Ukrainian language has been known since ancient times (IX century AD). However, it received the status of a literary language only at the end of the 18th century, when Ivan Kotlyarevsky published the Aeneidi (Aeneids). Also, it is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world based on the number of its speakers (26th place - approximately 35 million people), and among the Slavic languages it ranks second in terms of prevalence (after the Russian language).
The Ukrainian alphabet, like the Russian one, consists of 33 letters. It finally took shape in the early 1990s. 20th century after the creation of an independent Ukrainian state.
The composition of the Ukrainian alphabet currently includes:
As you can see, the language lacks such letters of the Russian alphabet as Yoyo, Yy, Ъъ and Ee. But Ґґ, Іі, Її and Єє are used.
The letter Ґґ appeared in the Ukrainian language in 1993. Phonetically, it fully corresponds to the Russian sound "g".
In there is no reduction of unstressed vowels, as in. This can be expressed in these words: "As it is heard, so it is". In any case, this is good news for you, since you are unlikely to experience spelling difficulties.
Some consonants before vowels are pronounced softer than in, for example, Zhzh, Tsts and Shsh.
ALWAYS remember that the Ukrainian "Іі" is read as the Russian "II", and the Ukrainian "II" is read as the Russian "Yy". This is a very important point, because here they often fall into a stupor and get confused in pronunciation.
The Ukrainian language has many words borrowed from Polish and have no analogues in Russian. You just need to learn such words, for example, "bіlizna" - underwear, "vinyatok" - an exception, "at once" - together, etc.
The situation is similar with the following letters. So, the Ukrainian "Єє" is phonetically similar to the Russian letter "Ee" (ye), the Ukrainian "Ee" is read as the Russian "Ee".
If you have ever heard a Ukrainian speech or a South Russian accent, you probably noticed that they contain the so-called "gekanye". That's how you pronounce "GG". As for the letter "Її", it is pronounced like "yi".
The easiest way to learn the language will be for those who know or Polish, or at least familiar with them. The fact is that lexically Ukrainian and Belarusian languages coincide by 84%, coincidence with Polish by 70%, but with Russian - only by 62%.
Dare and you will speak in Ukrainian language for good. Good bye!
The Ukrainian language is fascinating when you hear the melodic speech of a real speaker or poet among the native speakers of this language. But it is impossible to become a master of oratory without mastering the language perfectly. For this, people study its structure - phonetics, morphology, lexicology. But let's take a look at the basics first and find out, for example, how many letters are in the Ukrainian alphabet.
What is the alphabet
People call the alphabet a special system of graphic signs and their phonetic correspondences - sounds. It is not difficult to count how many letters there are in the Ukrainian alphabet - there are 33 of them. In addition to the letters of the alphabet, apostrophes and stress marks are used in the Ukrainian language for writing.
The tabular data tells us about the Ukrainian letters and their English transcription, which you see in brackets. Variants of sounds in the Ukrainian language need to be considered in more detail, but it will be important to clarify that in the system of sounds of the Ukrainian language there are also affricative consonants [dz] and [j], which in writing are transmitted by combinations of two letters j and dz. The letters d, z, p, n, p, s, t, c and the letter combination dz can denote both soft and extremely hard sounds. In the writing system, the softness of consonants in the Ukrainian language is indicated by a soft sign or by the letters u, є, і, i. The apostrophe denotes the pronunciation of vowel combinations [a], [y], [e], [i] with the previous [i] after a solid consonant.
Let's look into the past
To the question how many letters in the Ukrainian alphabet, they were able to answer for the first time in 1805, because it was then that an official publication appeared with the norms and rules of the Ukrainian language - it was the publication of O. Pavlovsky - "Grammar of the Little Russian dialect." However, the book went to press only thirteen years later.
This does not mean that the Ukrainian language did not exist before, just that the population, under the influence of many other nationalities and states, modified their spoken language, adapting and adapting it. How many letters are in the Ukrainian alphabet,Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky knew even earlier, because he was the author of the first book written in the Ukrainian spoken language. It is called "Aeneid" and was published in 1798.
Vowels and consonants
First, it is necessary to establish the following fact: vowels are sounds that arise exclusively with the help of our voice, consonants are sounds that also arise with the help of voice and noise, or only noise. Therefore, if you ask how many vowels are in the Ukrainian alphabet, then this will not be a completely correct question, because only sounds can be vowels and consonants. So, all vowels can be counted on the fingers of one hand, if only you have six fingers on your hand.
Vowels in Ukrainian are considered such sounds as: a, o, y, e, i, i. Letters such as u, є, i, ї are formed using the sound [th] and consonants, that is, the transcription of these cases can be written as [yu], [ye], [ya], [yi], respectively. So we can say that 6 consonants in Ukrainian correspond to 10 letters.
There are a little more consonants in the Ukrainian language - as many as thirty-two pieces, and they are divided into sonorous, voiced and deaf.
Use this information, because speech is built from small bricks, without the knowledge of which knowledge of speech cannot be built in any way.
