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How to paint oil paintings brushes and materials. How to start oil painting: a painting lesson for beginners

How to paint oil paintings brushes and materials. How to start oil painting: a painting lesson for beginners

10.05.2019

Oil paints were preferred by such great masters as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Boucher... You can also learn how to paint with oil paints! How to paint with oil paints? First you need to purchase everything you need.

What do you need to draw

Oil paints, of course. The set costs about 600 rubles.
Four flat brushes No. 10.
Thinner for paints - purified turpentine or pinene.
Palette knife for mixing paints.
A plywood palette that does not absorb oil (to achieve this, plywood can be treated with drying oil and dried, several times). You can also use a plastic palette.
The basis on which the drawing will be performed. It can be primed cardboard. You can make it yourself: take any cardboard, cover it with nitro enamel (sparsely). Cardboard is a semi-rigid base. You can also take a rigid (boards, plywood, chipboard or fiberboard) or an elastic base (canvas). For the first experiments, primed cardboard or canvas is suitable.
Clean rags for wiping brushes.
Pencil and eraser.
If you want to seriously master oil painting, get a sketchbook and an easel.

Paint application techniques

How to paint with oil paints? There are many ways to apply oil paints to the base, but the main two are:

Alla prima. The paint is placed on a damp base in one layer. With this method, you can paint a picture at a time. You need to write quickly and as much as possible, while the paint is damp. The peculiarity lies in the fact that it is raw paint that allows you to mix the tones with each other, due to which amazing pictures appear.
Multilayer. The strokes are applied in several layers. So, they distinguish between underpainting, registration, glazing. Underpainting is used at the preparatory stage. With it, you can set the overall tone of the picture, they draw a background that is not too pronounced. This is achieved with a small amount of paints and a large amount of solvent. Underpainting can be in one tone, have light and shadow, or be multi-colored. Registration - brighter strokes that are applied to an already well-dried underpainting. Glazing also involves drawing the final features of the picture with transparent and translucent strokes.

Drawing process

You have already decided on all the necessary tools, and you can’t wait to paint with oil paints! How to start your drawing?

Ideally, of course, it is best to get acquainted with the theory of fine art, study the laws of light and shadow, master drawing with a simple pencil, the rules for mixing colors, etc. If all this has already been done or it is a burden for you to study the theory closely, then you can immediately start practicing.

First you need to understand what you want and can depict for now. To begin with, beautiful photographs and paintings from the Internet will help, since it is difficult to write directly from nature. It is also better to choose landscapes, since portraits of animals and people require already a certain experience and skills.
So the example has been chosen. Now we take the base, imagine how we will place the drawing components on it, make pencil sketches and draw non-strict outlines of the drawing.
It is more convenient to position the base vertically. If there is no easel, think about how you can do it.
Prepare diluent. To do this, pour about 10 ml into a separate small jar. of this substance and close the lid until use.
Squeeze the necessary paints onto the palette - literally two peas each. Try to place certain colors in certain places. So the eyes will get used to this scheme, and you will no longer have to look for the right color.
Make sure that the rags are within reach, because with the help of them you will clean the paint from the brushes.
Smears are made according to the following scheme: we take a brush, soak it in thinner and lightly stir the desired paint. The more solvent, the paler the color, and vice versa.
It is better to start drawing from the background of the upper border, from top to bottom, so that later you do not get your hands dirty and ruin the drawing.

That's all! Now you know how to paint with oil paints, everything else is a matter of practice and experience. Good luck!

oil painting- this is the most popular and favorite technique of many world-famous artists, both past centuries and our time. Due to its plastic structure, oil paints dry for a long time, which makes it possible to correct the drawing for a long time. Oil painting always looks elegant and refined. Learning to paint with oils is a difficult task, but it brings a lot of pleasure to the artist. If you have not yet mastered this technique, start right now: who knows, maybe the future Aivazovsky or Vasnetsov is hidden in you? What does a beginner oil painter need to have?

The list of necessary items for oil painting

Oil paints.
Brushes: you can use brushes made of natural bristles and synthetics (the choice of brush depends on how much you have and what result you want to achieve).
Wooden palette.
Oiler for thinner.
Thinner (used so that the paints are not too thick).
Canvases (canvas on a stretcher, canvas on cardboard, and primed cardboard are equally good).
Special liquid for washing brushes.
Kistemoyka.

Oil paints- paints created from oil, pigment and turpentine. For oil paints, linseed, hemp, poppy, walnut or safflower oil is used. Pigments affect the color of paint and can be synthetic or natural. Oil paintings remain in excellent condition for many centuries: when dried, oil paints retain their color, they are not afraid of light and frost. Due to the pasty structure, oil paints have excellent opacity.

brushes: Oil paints are best applied with natural bristle brushes or synthetic brushes. Each artist should have brushes of different hardness and different shapes - this will help to display the desired structure of the picture and make even small details clear.

wooden palette- this is an indispensable thing in the arsenal of an artist who loves to paint with oil paints. For convenience, you should have two palettes: one large - for drawing in the studio, the second - a small one for traveling. Please note that a plastic palette for oil painting is not suitable.

butter dish- special utensils for diluent, which is attached to the palette with a special clamp.

Diluent used to make paints less thick. For oil paints, petroleum, tee or linseed oil is most often used as a thinner. By the way, for people who react negatively to odors and allergies, it is better to use petroleum, since it does not have any smell.

Canvas- This is the material on which the paintings are painted. The variety of canvases in our time can confuse the novice artist. In any art supply store you can find a large selection of canvases on a stretcher or on cardboard and canvases wound on a roll. Canvases are made of linen or cotton, which makes their structure varied - from fine-grained to coarse-grained. Most often, medium-grained canvases are used by artists.

Brush cleaner- This is a special tool for cleaning brushes from paint residues. It is much easier to wash the brush with such a liquid than with other thinners, and with proper care, the brush will last much longer.

Kistemoyka- a small vessel, often in the form of a small bucket, with a spiral mounted on top to secure the brush. With the help of a brush washer, only the necessary part of the bone is in the washing liquid, which allows you to save the brush handle from damage.

Buy, quality oil paints, as well as all the necessary accessories for oil painting, you can in our store. We will be glad to help you!

For artistic painting, oil paints are used, which include pigments and oil. This provides saturated bright colors in the process of drawing, prolongs the durability of the painting on canvas. This type of material is not easy to use, it requires mixing with an organic solvent and special preparation of related products. Familiarize yourself with the rules for choosing paints, the range of manufacturers on the market.

What are oil paints

There are single tubes and a set of oil paints for general and artistic purposes. The latter are prepared by grinding pigments in bleached refined linseed or walnut oil, and sometimes other drying ingredients are added to it. The finished mixture is applied to a pre-primed surface. Depending on the type, the chemical composition of the oil paint also differs.

Compound

According to the quality of pigments and binders, the composition varies:

Standard ones consist of pigments based on cadmium, cobalt, coloring earth.
To prevent discoloration, a non-yellowing oil is added, but linseed oil serves as the basis for the rest.
Earthy colors on ocher, sienna and umber are composed of natural natural pigments.
The most expensive sub-types include light-resistant organic pigments, this allows you to achieve the brightness and purity of the base color.
The more expensive the pigments, the more balanced the drying time, the more natural the shade.

How to dilute oil paints

You can write simply with paints, squeezing them directly from the tubes onto the palette, without dilution. To make them not so thick, they use a special component. Thinner for oil paints is oil - linseed, hemp, walnut. It is sold in stores for creativity, has no smell, but increases the drying time of the painting up to several years.

Another substance is white spirit, but the artist does not need to use it for dilution - only for washing brushes and palettes, otherwise the quality of the primers will deteriorate. Professional artists mix thinners by pouring the solution into an oil can. Composition options can be:

tee - equal proportions of pictorial (dammar, mastic) varnish, hemp or linseed oil, white spirit thinner;
instead of white spirit, you can take turpentine.

What oil paints are best

Where to buy art paints, both beginners and professional artists know. These are special departments for creativity, including online stores. They sell popular products of famous brands that creative people buy more often than others. Manufacturer rating:

Master class, Ladoga - produced by the Leningrad Plant of Artistic Paints.
Gamma - a company from Moscow uses linen and poppy seeds.
Daler-Rowney is an old English company.
Maimeri is an Italian brand with a palette of 80 shades.
Old Holland is another old company, only from Holland.
Pebble is a French line of highly artistic goods for professionals.

Oil paints for painting

How much oil paints cost depends on the type of product chosen. The cost is affected by the pigment used, the binder base, the volume of the tube and the reputation of the company. Domestic Sonnet and Ladoga can be bought from 130 rubles for a tube of 30-40 ml, goods from foreign manufacturers cost from 200 rubles for the same volume. It is more profitable to buy kits - each tube separately will be much more expensive.

Podolsk Goods for Artists

The domestic manufacturer offers high-quality thickened oil products at an affordable cost:

model name: for oil painting;
price: 109 rubles;
characteristics: quantity 46 ml, natural resins, yellow amber;
pluses: thick, bright pigmentation, color purity;
cons: expensive, no imitations.

Natural pigments contains another line of the same brand, suitable for beginner artists:

model name: Italian series;
price: 104 rubles;
specifications: 46 ml, no brush;
pluses: original earthy colors;
cons: poor gamma.

Neva palette

A brand from St. Petersburg offers to buy tubes one at a time or in a set. The second is more profitable:

model name: art oil shades set;
price: 2620 rubles;
characteristics: 12 colors of 10 ml;
pluses: tuba release form;
cons: no brush, delivery.

Individual tubes can be purchased from the same brand for less, making them popular with students:

model name: Sonnet;
price: 376 rubles;
characteristics: 10 ml, carton;
pluses: bright saturated range, cheap;
cons: not the highest quality components.

Gamma

This is a popular domestic brand that produces a wide range of materials for creativity:

model name: Studio;
price: 155 rubles;
specifications: 46 ml;
pluses: wide range;
cons: not found.

The second series produced by the company is the Old Master line, which is distinguished by the breadth of the gamut:

model name: old master;
price: 155 rubles;
specifications: 46 ml:
pluses: comfortable tube;
cons: not found.

Master Class

The Nevskaya Palitra art factory produces a Master Class series containing turpentine, acrylic and oil components:

model name: white lead:
price: 186 rubles;
specifications: 46 ml;
pluses: increased durability;
cons: no discounts.

In addition to zinc and titanium white colors, the series has a wide range of different shades for every taste:

model name: Master-Class;
price: 522 rubles;
specifications: 46 ml;
pluses: wide range, shine;
cons: high cost, there are no sales.

Art Materials

Another Russian brand is Artistic Materials, which pleases consumers with a large palette:

model name: NORMA PROFESSIONAL;
price: 674 rubles;
characteristics: 35 ml, lightfastness at level 4 and 5;
pluses: 84 tones, do not leave relief strokes, low consumption;
cons: half of the shades belong to the high price category.

To draw oil paintings using the alla prima (wet) painting technique, another series from the same manufacturer is suitable:

model name: professional series;
price: 674 rubles;
characteristics: metal tube, 35 ml;
pluses: good adhesion, homogeneous creamy consistency, high pigmentation, environmentally friendly product;
cons: expensive, no promotions.

Malevich

A set of paints with the original name Malevich is useful for beginners and professional craftsmen:

model name: set;
price: 3860 rubles;
characteristics: a set of 14 colors of 40 ml;
pluses: there is a brush, thinner, varnish and a metal oiler in the kit, light fastness rating - 7 points out of 8;
cons: not honey, cardboard packaging.

In addition to the oil set, you can purchase separate, convenient, economical aluminum tubes:

model name: Pro;
price: 315 rubles;
specifications: 40 ml;
pluses: high-quality lightfast components, can be written without dilution, thin grated consistency;
cons: not found.

ferrario

Italian masters know a lot about the development of products for creativity, so they launched the Ferrario brand on the market:

model name: Da Vinci;
price: 313 rubles;
specifications: 60 ml;
pluses: thin, high lightfastness, suitable for canvas, cardboard, paper, wood;
cons: among the thinners there is white spirit.

For professionals, the ARTIST OIL series has been developed, which features a soft, comfortable transparent tube:

model name: ARTIST OIL;
price: 674 rubles;
characteristics: 100 or 250 ml;
pluses: high pigmentation, thin consistency, can be applied with a brush or spatula;
cons: 24 shades.

Winsor & Newton

One of the oldest factories in Europe is the English Winsor & Newton, which produces a rich palette:

model name: WINTON;
price: 600 rubles;
specifications: 37 ml;
pluses: high pigmentation, good hiding power and light fastness, 47 colors;
cons: sale only by the piece.

For professional craftsmen, the factory offers a line of the same name, which is of high quality:

model name: Professional;
price: 420 rubles;
specifications: 5 ml;
pluses: light-resistant natural components, you can choose a different degree of transparency, 96 colors;
cons: small volume.

Maimeri

The Italian factory Maimeri produces tubes individually and in sets. The latter are more profitable because they are cheaper:

model name: CLASSICO;
price: 4750 rubles;
characteristics: 12 shades of 20 ml;
pluses: there is a palette in the kit, no waxes and additives, safflower oil for light colors;
cons: limited edition.

A wider color palette is distinguished by the classic line, produced in a professional volume:

model name: Idea;
price: 605 rubles;
specifications: 60 ml;
pluses: suitable for different materials, textured effect;
cons: expensive.

Sonnet

Especially for painting, Sonnet brand products have been developed using synthetic components:

model name: Sonnet;
price: 179 rubles;
specifications: 46 ml;
pluses: the same drying time, 51 colors;
cons: only suitable for kolinsky, synthetic, bristle or palette knife brushes.

From the oil paint kits of the same manufacturer, the following series is distinguished in 12 mini-tubes:

model name: Sonnet oil set;
price: 1564 rubles;
specifications: 12 pcs. 10 ml;
pluses: lightfast organic pigments, many pure colors, transparency, UV protection;
cons: cardboard packaging.

Sennelier

The French brand Sennelier has been known since 1887, producing time-tested art materials:

model name: Etude;
price: 453 rubles;
specifications: 34 ml;
pluses: brightness, intensity, light fastness, color gamut - 36 shades;
cons: no.

Another line of the French firm is Artists, suitable for professionals and emerging artists:

model name: Artists;
price: 392 rubles;
specifications: 40 ml;
pluses: economical consumption, high-quality pigmentation;
cons: no.

Royal Talens

The Dutch manufacturer offers several lines on the Russian market. Van Gogh oil is popular:

model name: Van Gogh;
price: 2220 rubles;
specifications: 20 pcs. 10 ml;
pluses: vegetable oils, color depth does not change after drying;
cons: cardboard box.

If you do not need a set of oil paints, you can buy tubes separately, but they will be more expensive than the collection:

model name: ART CREATION;
price: 765 rubles;
characteristics: 200 ml;
pluses: brightness, saturation of shades, light fastness;
cons: only professional volume.

How to choose oil paints

If the artist is just getting started with oil, he will need some advice on choosing materials:

the more stars in the marking, the higher the light fastness;
the level of shading of the square in the designation indicates opaque properties, a fully shaded square indicates a high percentage;
it is better to buy separate tubes;
dark colors choose a smaller volume;
beginners are advised to choose Ladoga or Sonnet paints, professionals - PEBEO.

Video

Nowadays, many people try to diversify their leisure time. To do this, they come up with various activities and hobbies. The most popular of them are needlework and drawing. The latter is perfect for people who have not found themselves in other types of creativity. If you are one of them, then try to paint oil paintings. For beginners, this business will seem difficult, but following all the tips and tricks, you can master it and achieve good results.

Preparation for work

Before you master a step-by-step oil painting master class for beginners, you need to choose the right tools and materials for the job. It is from this that the quality and attractiveness of your picture will depend.

Choice of colors

Start preparing for drawing, should be with the choice of colors. Thanks to them, you can emphasize individual details of the picture and give it a complete look. Artists use the following types of paints for their work:

For graphics, gouache and watercolor are used, and for painting - oil, acrylic, tempera. For beginners, it is best to use oil paints. They can be easily found in specialized stores, and they are also easier to work with.

There is no generally accepted technique for painting oil paintings. Each artist chooses his own style, which follows in the process of creating all the paintings. Oil paints can be applied both pasty (undiluted paint) and liquid (with the addition of a solvent). By practicing with different application techniques, you can choose the best and most convenient way for you.

Starting from the 15th century, painters around the world began to use various oils (walnut, linseed, poppy) as binders. For example, the famous Dutch painter Peter Paul Rubens used oils that were pre-thickened and bleached by the sun, as well as resins that made his paint viscous. Because of this, they dried very quickly and had good adhesion to the canvas. Among Russian artists (Venetsianov, Rublev, Repin, Bryullov, Korovin), painting varnishes made from various resins were especially popular.

Most of the types of oils used practically do not change the color of the paint. At the same time, they dry out for a very long time and, hardening, form a fragile film. Because of this, paintings painted with the use of such paints require additional processing and care.

The best option for beginners is to use linseed oil as a binder. The paint with its addition dries rather quickly and does not require additional processing. Its only drawback is that when it dries, it gives the paint a light brown tint. To get rid of this unwanted change, artificial brighteners are used.

When buying oil paints, first of all, pay attention to their expiration date. If it has already been released or is running out, then refuse to buy or look for more “fresh” materials.

Oil paints are available in a huge number of color options. A beginner in this business should not buy them all. It is enough to acquire basic colors and learn how to work with them. Having received certain skills, you can always buy the paint of the missing shade. Oil paints are produced by many companies, so their price varies in a very wide range. If you are just taking the first steps in mastering painting, then it is best to abandon expensive options and give preference to simpler and cheaper ones.

Buying solvents

The choice of solvent is also very important in preparation for work. The wrong material can ruin your paints and make them unusable for painting. Most often for dilution of paints use:

Foundation preparation

Before starting the study of the oil painting master class for beginners, you should correctly select and prepare the base on which the paint will be applied. You can work on the following surfaces:

canvas;
wood;
glass;
cardboard;
metal;
paper.

Any of these bases must first be primed. This is necessary so that the paints fit better on the surface and stay on it. And also the primer prevents cracking and shrinkage of the applied paint layer.

Selected and prepared canvases are stretched on a stretcher (wooden frame) or attached to thick cardboard. An important criterion when choosing a canvas for work is its graininess. If you are going to paint pasty, then a coarse-grained surface will be the best option for you, if “thin” - fine-grained canvas. For beginners, it is best to choose something in between, and then proceed from your preferences.

The finished base can be bought at any store specializing in the sale of goods for painting. The cheapest option is primed cardboard. It and other types of bases can not only be purchased at the store, but also ordered online.

Brushes and palette knives

To fully study the oil painting master class, you need to prepare brushes. They are made from bristles, natural pile or synthetics. According to their form they are divided into:

Flat. These brushes are used by artists to paint large strokes on large areas of the canvas.
Round brushes. They are necessary for drawing small parts of the image.
Fan-shaped. These brushes are ideal for creating smooth color transitions.

You can find brushes in any specialty store or department. Their price directly depends on the quality of workmanship and the high cost of the material used. For beginners, the simplest options are suitable. With proper care, they can last you more than one month.

Washing after every use is essential to prolong their life. First, they are washed with any solvent, and then washed with ordinary soap. If the paint on the brush has already dried, then it must be placed in a container with turpentine and held there for several minutes. After that, it is washed with a solvent and laundry soap. Clean brushes are dried in a horizontal or vertical position.

In the process of learning how to draw an oil painting for beginners, the following types of brushes are used in stages:

Synthetic brush for drawing fine details.
Fan-shaped pony hair brush for smooth color transitions.
Several flat brushes.

Palette knives are tools that are used to mix paints and correct defects. For beginners, the best option would be to buy a diamond-shaped tool for painting and a rounded tool for a palette.

Palette and workspace

The palette is designed for mixing paints of different colors. This item can be easily found in any art supply store, or you can make your own from a piece of plastic or glass. After each use, the palette must be cleaned. If you do not want to waste time on this, then you can use any cardboard box or a cut package from juice or milk.

To get the maximum pleasure from drawing, it is important to choose the right place to work. It is best to paint in natural light. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to try to illuminate the work surface as best as possible. Make sure that the lamps do not cast glare on your picture and do not interfere with the creative process.

When choosing a room, preference should be given to those that are as far as possible from the bedroom, the playroom of children and animals. The room must be well ventilated, as materials with unpleasant odors are used during work. The room should not be too damp and dusty.

You will need

Oil paints, primer, glue, fixative, palette, brushes (preferably flat and made from natural materials), palette knife, easel, simple pencil, eraser, tracing paper, carbon paper and other useful little things purchased by artists for ease of work.

Instruction

Buy a canvas. They are usually linen or cotton. Cotton canvas is cheaper and easier to handle. Linen is fine-grained, suitable for prescribing small details, and coarse-grained, on which it is good to reflect the texture (for example, stones, the sea). Instead of the traditional one, burlap, plywood, hardboard, and metal are also used to work with. Paper can also be used, but will not be durable.
The cheaper canvas is the one stretched over cardboard. It is thin and easy to transport, no more than 0.5 x 0.7 m in size. Canvas on a stretcher is more expensive and heavier, but larger - up to 1.2x1.5m.

Along with the canvas, purchase all the necessary supplies: oil paints, primer, glue, fixer, palette, brushes, palette knife, easel. If you sketch on paper and then transfer it to canvas, you will need transparent paper (you can take tracing paper) and. In the process, something else may come in handy, so check with the seller.

Glue and prime the canvas, and then let it dry. This operation is done so that the paint does not destroy it and lies well on the canvas.

Further, everything will depend on the technique of execution. If the picture is small, and the experience of creating is still small, try the technique in one step (alla prima). This is that the picture should be completed in one or more approaches, but in time before the paints dry. The drying time of oil paint is on average about 3 days, depending on the thickness of the layer. The picture will get those tones and colors that you create by mixing. Additional colors will be obtained due to the translucence of the soil. The picture itself will be lighter and lighter.

Usually artists use a multi-layer technique: it reveals all the possibilities of oil painting. Its essence is that the author of the picture divides his task into several subtasks, which he then implements in different layers. First, a first thin layer is created, called "underpainting". For its implementation, the paints are diluted. Underpainting helps to determine the composition, tone, shape, shadows and light and shade.