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The picture is on both sides of the spraying technique. Methods and techniques of non-traditional drawing

The picture is on both sides of the spraying technique. Methods and techniques of non-traditional drawing

16.06.2019

I was looking for options for a labor-intensive design of a teenager’s room (children from the period of soft toys have already grown up) and, I think, I found not only the idea of a gift-decoration, but also a wonderful theme for spending time together son and father. Online Kopanina.rf old maps (geographical and military), and uniforms, and books, and marches, and materials about artillery, numismatics, archeology and much more interesting for real men are presented! So, a map on the wall, "boys" at the computer and a purely masculine evening will be held in our house with a "Hurray"!. In the meantime, men are attached to the harsh near-war and historical reality, my daughters and I will just master new drawing techniques ...

drawing techniques with children

Drawing with a secret in three pairs of hands
When your child is 4 years old, we strongly advise you to resort to this method. It consists in the following. A rectangular sheet of paper is taken, 3 pencils. Adults and a child are distributed: who will draw the first, who will be the second, who will be the third.
The first one starts drawing, and then closes his drawing, bending the leaflet on top and leaving a little bit, some part, to continue (the neck, for example). The second, not seeing anything but the neck, naturally continues the torso, leaving only part of the legs visible. The third one finishes. Then the whole sheet is opened - and almost always it turns out funny: from the mismatch of proportions, color schemes.

Blotography

It consists in teaching children how to make blots (black and multi-colored). Then a 3-year-old child can look at them and see images, objects or individual details. “What does your or my inkblot look like?”, “Whom or what does it remind you of?” - these questions are very useful, because develop thinking and imagination. After that, without forcing the child, but showing, we recommend moving on to the next step - tracing or drawing the blot. The result can be a whole story.

Drawing together on a long strip of paper

By the way, it is useful to change the paper format (that is, to give not only a standard). In this case, a long strip will help you draw together without interfering with each other. You can draw isolated objects or plots, i.e. work nearby. And even in this case, the child is warmer from the elbow of mom or dad. And then it is desirable to move on to collective drawing. Adults and the child agree on who will draw what to get one plot.

Drawing yourself or drawing from nature of your favorite toys

Drawing from nature develops observation, the ability to no longer create, but to depict according to the rules, i.e. draw so that it looks like the original in proportions, shapes, and colors. Suggest that you draw yourself first, looking in the mirror. And be sure to look in the mirror many times. Better yet, show how you adults will draw yourself, by all means looking in the mirror many times. Then let the child choose an object for himself. It can be a favorite doll, bear or car. It is important to learn to observe for a long time, comparing parts of the subject. And further. If a child moves away from nature, introduces something of his own, as a result of which a completely different object or toy appears, do not be upset. Praise your toddler: “You drew a new car today! Surely you want this?" But at the end of such a drawing, it is important to ask: “How does the drawn car differ from this one?”

I draw mom

It would be nice to continue drawing from life or drawing from memory (family members, relatives and friends can become objects for such an image). As supporting material, there may be photographs or conversations about the characteristic features of the appearance of absent relatives ... Photographs are taken and examined. A conversation is held: “Which grandmother Valya? What kind of hair does she have? Hairstyle? Favorite dress? Smile?" And the creative process begins. After a while, you can offer to draw girlfriends from memory. When there are enough drawings depicting relatives and friends, we advise you to organize a mini-exhibition "My relatives and friends", where the first portraits of a preschooler are appreciated.

bitmap

Children love anything non-traditional. Drawing with dots refers to unusual, in this case, techniques. For implementation, you can take a felt-tip pen, a pencil, put it perpendicular to a white sheet of paper and start drawing. But here's the best way to get bitmaps with paints. Here's how it's done. A match, cleaned of sulfur, is tightly wrapped with a small piece of cotton wool and dipped in thick paint. And then the principle of drawing points is the same. The main thing is to immediately interest the child.

foam drawings

For some reason, we all tend to think that if we paint with paints, then we must also use a brush. Far from always, say the people of Trizov. Foam rubber can come to the rescue. We advise you to make a variety of various small geometric figures out of it, and then attach them with a thin wire to a stick or pencil (not sharpened). The tool is ready. Now you can dip it in paint and use the stamp method to draw red triangles, yellow circles, green squares (all foam rubber, unlike cotton wool, is well washed). At first, children will randomly draw geometric shapes. And then offer to make the simplest ornaments out of them - first from one type of figure, then from two, three.

Mysterious drawings

Mysterious drawings can be obtained as follows. A cardboard about 20x20 cm in size is taken. And it folds in half. Then a semi-woolen or woolen thread about 30 cm long is selected, its end is dipped in thick paint for 8-10 cm and clamped inside the cardboard. You should then move this thread inside the cardboard, and then take it out and open the cardboard. It turns out a chaotic image, which is examined, outlined and completed by adults with children. It is extremely useful to give names to the resulting images. This complex mental and speech work, combined with visual work, will contribute to the intellectual development of preschool children.

Drawing with crayons

Preschoolers love variety. These opportunities provide us with ordinary crayons, sanguine, coal. Smooth asphalt, porcelain, ceramic tiles, stones - this is the base on which chalk and coal fit well. So, asphalt disposes to a capacious image of plots. They (if there is no rain) can be developed the next day. And then make up stories according to the plots. And on ceramic tiles (which are sometimes stored in the remains somewhere in the pantry), we recommend depicting patterns, small objects with crayons or charcoal. Large stones (such as voluns) are asked to decorate them under the image of an animal's head or under a stump. It depends on what or whom the stone resembles in shape.

magic drawing method

This method is implemented like this. An image is drawn on white paper with the corner of a wax candle (a Christmas tree, a house, or maybe a whole plot). Then with a brush, and preferably with cotton wool or foam rubber, the paint is applied on top of the entire image. Due to the fact that the paint does not fall on the bold image with a candle, the drawing seems to appear suddenly in front of the children's eyes, manifesting itself. You can get the same effect by first drawing with stationery glue or a piece of laundry soap. In this case, the selection of the background to the subject plays an important role. For example, it is better to paint over a snowman painted with a candle with blue paint, and a boat with green paint. No need to worry if candles or soap start to crumble while painting. It depends on their quality.

Drawing small pebbles

Of course, most often the child depicts on a plane, on paper, less often on asphalt, tiles of large stones. A flat image of a house, trees, cars, animals on paper is not as attractive as creating volumetric own creations. In this regard, sea pebbles are ideally used. They are smooth, small and have a different shape. The very shape of the pebble will sometimes tell the child what image to create in this case (and sometimes adults will help the kids). It is better to paint one pebble under a frog, another under a bug, and a wonderful fungus will come out of the third. Bright thick paint is applied to the pebble - and the image is ready. And it’s better to finish it like this: after the pebble dries, cover it with a colorless varnish. In this case, a voluminous beetle or a frog made by children's hands shines, brightly shimmers. This toy will participate in independent children's games more than once and bring considerable benefits to its owner.

Finger painting method

Here is another way to depict the world around you: with your fingers, palm, feet, and maybe with your chin, nose. Not everyone will take such a statement seriously. Where is the line between prank and drawing? And why should we draw only with a brush or felt-tip pen? After all, a hand or individual fingers is such a help. Moreover, the index finger of the right hand obeys the child better than a pencil. Well, if the pencil is broken, the brush is wiped off, the felt-tip pens are over - but you want to draw. There is another reason: sometimes the theme just asks for a child's hand or finger. For example, a child will better draw a tree with his hands than with other tools. With his finger, he will draw out the trunk and branches, then (if it is autumn) he will apply yellow, green, orange paints to the inside of the hand and draw a crimson-mahogany tree on top. Well, if we teach children to use their fingers rationally: not just one index finger, but all.

Thread method

There is this method mainly for girls. But this does not mean that it is not suitable for children of the opposite sex. And it consists in the following. First, a screen 25x25 cm in size is made of cardboard. Either velvet paper or plain flannel is glued onto the cardboard. It would be nice to prepare a nice bag with a set of woolen or semi-woolen threads of various colors for the screen. This method is based on the following feature: threads with a certain percentage of wool are attracted to flannel or velvet paper. You just need to attach them with light movements of the index finger. From such threads you can prepare interesting stories. Develops imagination, sense of taste. Especially girls learn to skillfully select colors. Some thread colors are suitable for light flannel, and completely different colors for dark flannel. Thus begins the gradual path to the women's craft, needlework, which is very necessary for them.

Monotopy method

Two words about this, unfortunately rarely used method. And in vain. Because he is fraught with a lot of tempting for preschoolers. In short, this is an image on cellophane, which is then transferred to paper. On smooth cellophane I paint with paint using a brush, or a match with cotton wool, or a finger (no uniformity is needed). The paint should be thick and bright. And immediately, until the paint has dried, turn the cellophane over with the image down on white thick paper and, as it were, wet the drawing, and then lift it up. It turns out two drawings. Sometimes the image remains on cellophane, sometimes on paper.

Drawing on wet paper

Until recently, it was believed that you can only draw on dry paper, because the paint is sufficiently diluted with water. But there are a number of objects, plots, images that are better to draw on wet paper. We need ambiguity, vagueness, for example, if the child wants to depict the following topics: “City in the fog”, “I had dreams”, “It's raining”, “Night city”, “Flowers behind the curtain”, etc. You need to teach a preschooler to make the paper a little wet. If the paper is too wet, the drawing may not work. Therefore, it is recommended to soak a ball of cotton wool in clean water, wring it out and draw it either over the entire sheet of paper, or (if required) only over a separate part. And the paper is ready to produce vague images.

tissue images

We collect the remnants of fabrics of various patterns and different qualities in a bag. Useful, as they say, and chintz, and brocade. It is very important to show with concrete examples how the drawing on the fabric, as well as its dressing, can help to depict something very brightly and at the same time easily in the plot. Let's give some examples. So, on one of the fabrics flowers are depicted. They are cut out along the contour, glued (only with a paste or other good glue), and then they paint on a table or a vase. It turns out a capacious colorful image. There are fabrics that can serve well as a house or the body of an animal, or a beautiful umbrella, or a hat for a doll, or a handbag.

Volume application

Obviously, children love to do appliqué: cut something and stick it on, getting a lot of pleasure from the process itself. And you need to create all the conditions for them. Along with a planar application, teach them how to make a three-dimensional one: a three-dimensional one is better perceived by a preschooler and more realistically reflects the world around them. In order to obtain such an image, it is necessary to wrinkle applicative colored paper in children's hands, then slightly straighten it and cut out the required shape. After that, just stick it on and, if necessary, finish the individual details with a pencil or felt-tip pen. Make, for example, a turtle beloved by children. Remember the brown paper, flatten it slightly, cut out an oval shape and stick it on, then paint on the head and legs.

Drawing with postcards

In fact, almost every house has a lot of old postcards. Go through old postcards with the children, teach them to cut out the necessary images and stick them to the place, into the plot. A bright factory image of objects and phenomena will give even the simplest unpretentious drawing a completely artistic design. It is sometimes difficult for a three-, four- and even five-year-old child to draw a dog and a beetle. You can take them ready-made, and let him add the sun, rain to the dog and the bug and he will be very happy. Or if, together with the children, cut out from a postcard and stick on a fairy-tale house with a grandmother in the window, then a preschooler, guided by his imagination, knowledge of fairy tales and visual skills, will undoubtedly draw something for him.

Learning to make a background

Usually children draw on white paper. So you can see it more clearly. So faster. But some scenes require a background. And, I must say, all children's work looks better against a background made in advance. Many children make the background with a brush, moreover, an ordinary, small one. Although there is a simple and reliable way: make the background with cotton wool or a piece of foam rubber soaked in water and paint.

Collage

drawing It is customary to call an image created with the help of lines, features that display important features of an object (shape, size, proportion, dynamics, volume, etc.) used in all types of fine arts.

There are numerous varieties of drawing, differing in drawing methods, themes and genres, and the technique of execution. The drawing can be easel and serve as an auxiliary material for creating paintings, graphic, sculptural works. It is no coincidence that drawing serves as the basis for mastering the expressive means of creating an artistic image in the visual arts, for solving various creative problems. Knowledge of drawing techniques and materials, understanding of their features help to realize any idea.

On the use of figurative and expressive means distinguish:

line drawing. It is performed with light, light, generalized strokes. With the help of a line drawing, an artistic image is created, various tables, diagrams, reference signals are built.

tonal pattern. It contributes to the transfer of the three-dimensional form of the depicted object and gives a more complete description of its properties and qualities. Tonal drawing allows you to display on the plane the nature of lighting, materiality and spatial relationships. The simplest type of tonal drawing is a contour drawing (silhouette), which is filled with one even tone.

According to the execution technique:

Original drawing. Made by hand in a single copy.

Printed drawing. It is applied on a cliché that leaves an imprint on paper. Other name - print. Several types of prints have been identified: woodcut (on wood); lithograph (on stone); linocut (on linoleum); etching (on metal).

For the intended purpose:

Academic drawing. It is carried out for a long time at a high professional level in order to improve drawing techniques, deeper mastery of image techniques and a thorough study of various forms.

training drawing, the preparatory stage, an integral part of academic drawing, is performed with the aim of teaching drawing.

creative drawing acts as an independent work of fine art, reflecting the inner world of the artist, his mental and spiritual essence, thoughts, worldview ideas.

sketch- a short-term drawing made with the help of lines, complemented by rare shading or shading.

Etude serves for a more detailed study of the subject and the image of its parts. The goal is to highlight for a long time the most important external and internal properties and features of the object.

Sketch is performed on the basis of collected sketches and sketches, which act as the building material of a sketch, which will later become a future work.

By way of drawing. The difference between the image of a real object, formed in the process of visual perception, and the image stored in memory in the form of a representation, leads to the emergence of different methods of representation.

Drawing by perception. The object of the image during the entire work is in front of the drawing. This way of drawing is also called drawing from nature.

This type of drawing makes the artist think about the form, content of nature, determine the features and properties of objects, comprehend their relationship. In parallel with this, attentiveness and observation are brought up, the ability of harmonious vision, comprehension and image develops.

Drawing from originals (copying). It is performed not from nature, but from the original drawing of the work by the master. This type of drawing is an auxiliary technique in teaching the basics of visual literacy, since it allows you to visually see how visual tasks can be solved. The purpose of copying is also to practically master one or another drawing technique.

Draw by View. The image object is missing, i.e. it is not before the eyes of the painter. The image is created on the basis of ideas and impressions about objects, objects, phenomena, events that were received earlier. Images are formed in the mind of the painter and therefore bear the imprint of individuality, originality. Very often they are less concrete and deep than perceived objects. However, despite the generalization of the nature of the drawings in terms of representation, the images can be supplemented, specified by the artist in the course of drawing, which contributes to the development of visual memory, creative imagination, saturation with new images.

Expressive means of drawing

Dot. It is obtained from the touch of the tip of a pencil, brush or any pictorial material on the pictorial plane or from the intersection of lines and strokes. Most often used when displaying chiaroscuro or in the linear construction of the composition of the picture. In this case, the point acts as a support, so it is called a reference point.

Line- the most common figurative and expressive means, easily applied by any material.

Lines distinguish

by appointment:

- auxiliary - are used in the layout and linear-constructive construction of the shape of objects (objects);

Spatial - serve to convey the spatial position of the form depending on the lighting and the environment;

- planar - are used most often in decorative art and graphics.

The nature:

- straight are performed with short connecting thin strokes coming from the point marked on the paper and indicating the direction of the line;

- curves are depicted by means of three reference points (two end points determine the length of the line, the third indicates the height of the line). The distance between the points affects the nature of the line itself.

Towards: horizontal; vertical; diagonal.

According to the execution technique:simple (all straight lines and some curves: closed, arcuate) and complex (broken line - zigzag; wavy; combined; spiral).

Hatch- relatively short lines, allowing to display the dimensions, contours of the object, light and shade modeling, the nature of the form, convey volume and texture. Strokes, like dots, can be reference.

Hatching- the technique of applying tone with the help of strokes, the direction of which is determined by the movement of the surface of the depicted object, its structure, shape, size, etc.

Tone- transmission in the drawing of light and shade relations (gradations) on the subject by means of hatching, shading and coloring. On objects with a smooth, soft curved line, the transition from light to shadow will be gradual, with characteristic halftones, tonal nuances, and the presence of reflexes. Objects that have an angular uneven surface containing many bends and breaks are also distinguished by their originality in the tonal image. The tone pattern in this case obeys other laws for the transmission of chiaroscuro, depending on the material of the object, the direction of the light source.

Tushevka- reception of applying tone with the help of continuous strokes performed by the side surface of the graphite pencil.

Control questions

1. What types of drawing are distinguished in the theory of art?

2. What is the importance of expressive means for the formation of a graphic image in a drawing?

3. What is the meaning of drawing for various types of art?

Features of mastering drawing by children of preschool age

Drawing specifics

Painting- one of the most popular types of visual activity and creativity. The first drawings appear in a child when a pencil falls into his hands for the first time. We have already said that the first scribbles and strokes are exploratory and at the same time descriptive. The directions of the strokes, their shape, combination - the first images of the child through which he conveys his mood, attitude to what attracts him, worries. After the kid recognizes paints and other visual materials, the drawing does not cease to attract him. In free activities, children often draw with pencils and felt-tip pens than with paints, since they allow you to quickly get an image, more accurately convey the details of the image.

A sheet of paper serves for a preschooler as a means of communication, self-expression, and even a field for visual play. Therefore, in the drawing, the child pays attention to the inner meaning, and not to its form. Because of this, the little artist misses important moments in the construction of the image, which leads to a chaotic arrangement of its elements, blurring the main thing. If you do not pay attention to this problem, then the drawing gradually loses its pictorial and expressive appeal and resembles a kind of schematic narrative that has an unfinished look. In order for children not to form a distorted perception of the drawing, it is advisable to single out a number of areas in the pedagogical process.

1. The development of visual skills is the goal of visual activity. One of the visual skills is the free drawing of lines of various character (Fig. 12-16).

2. Optimization of creative activity, which determines the development of fine art in preschoolers.

Children 2.5 - 3.5 years old gathered to draw a winter landscape. Previously, they examined various images of the winter forest in different color schemes, using several techniques. The teacher offered to close the background for future work. Since this type of activity is well known to preschoolers, he only had to remind them that the general color of the background should correspond to the mood that they would like to reflect in their work. After the background was ready, the teacher, using the demonstration as a teaching method, demonstrated how to draw a snow-covered spruce, and the children repeated each new method on separate sheets of paper. Then each child chose the technique that he liked best. Drawing the first spruce, the preschooler seeks to repeat all the movements that he made during training. But he begins to change subsequent trees, adding some elements, explaining the course of his thoughts: “... And there will be a lot of snow on this spruce, and I will put large prints with a brush”; “And my tree leaned because it’s hard for her under the snow.”

Rice. 12. Straight lines:

I - horizontal; the rhythm is vertical (falling); vertical;

2 - free horizontal rhythm; free diagonal; volumetric horizontal; 3 - spatial horizontal; diagonal aspiring; composite vertical; 4 - falling vertical rhythm; complex mixed rhythm; mixed horizontal rhythm

Rice. 13. Broken lines:

1 - increasing vertical rhythm; mixed rhythm; 2 - diagonal stepped; rhythm of broken lines; 3 - broken horizontal rhythm; broken vertical rhythm; 4- calm vertical rhythm; weaving of broken lines

Rice. 14. Wavy lines:

1 - wavy horizontal; a bunch of diagonal; 2 - wavy vertical; wavy reinforced towards the center; 3 - wave-like movement; wavy reinforced to the edge; 4 - wavy diagonal; "cut stone"; 5 - concentration of lines to the center; wavy intersecting; 6 - wavy "live"; concentration of lines to the edge; 7- diverging from the corner; branched lines; 8- rounded lines (weakening of tone); concentric weakened towards the center; 9 - weave; concentric,

weakened to the edge

Rice. 15. Rounded Lines:

1 - horizontal ovals; "chain"; 2- intersecting ovals; horizontal rhythm of ovals; 3 - vertical rhythm of ovals; overlapping ovals

Rice. 16. Spiral Lines:

1 - horizontal spiral with reinforcement; approaching spiral; spiral "snail"; 2 - diagonal spiral; loose diagonal spirals; free horizontal spiral; 3 - falling diagonal spiral; falling vertical spirals; expanding vertical spiral; 4 - inclined horizontal spiral; a bundle of divergent spirals; free intersecting spirals; 5 - intersection of diagonal spirals; free arcuate spirals; expanding bundle of spirals

Drawing exercises

It is impossible to expect creativity from a child if he does not have enough technical experience. Two sides are important here: the presence of experience and the introduction of a new element. Ideas may remain unrealized, since their implementation is determined not only by the level of mastery of the drawing technique (drawing various lines, applying strokes, drawing strokes, etc.), but also by the connection between the visually perceived object, coordination of hand movement with a brush (pencil) and represented way. In order to transfer what was conceived to the plane of the sheet, the child needs to master several operations:

Learn to visually draw any object and regulate drawing movements thanks to the impulses of the cerebral cortex;

Master the technique of the image;

Study the sequence of the image to achieve the integrity of the image;

Learn color relationships and shaping movements.

Each of the designated sides is both an independent mechanism and a component of one process, which is aimed at the development of fine art.

A child, not having an idea of what a camel looks like, cannot portray it, achieve recognition of the image. And for this he needs to see this animal at least once.

Even a familiar subject (object) is difficult to portray if there is not enough manual skill. Of course, one can object by pointing to the successful and interesting in color, shape, and composition of scribbles, which are obtained by a child who does not have much experience in the field of visual literacy. In these amazing doodles we see entertaining images, we adults. It is from the position of an adult that they note an extraordinary color scheme, an original compositional structure. It would be biased to consider this to be fully the work of children. The kids themselves do not see either originality or individuality in their work, since they do not yet have the experience of comparison and comparison. They are guided by the opinions of adults, which contributes to the gradual formation of their own aesthetic assessment.

Therefore, it is very important to help the preschooler enrich the visual experience by using exercises and creative tasks that serve as a link between the idea and the creative product. It is possible to distinguish several training exercises conditionally.

Drawing in the air with the repetition of the movements of the teacher.

When glazing the sky, the teacher shows the movement of the brush with his hand: first in one direction, then the pile turns around and starts moving in the other direction. The teacher shows with his hand, and not with a brush, since with a hand you can more clearly reflect the nature of the movement of the pile. Children repeat hand movements after the teacher. Sometimes drawing in the air must be done with a brush so that children visually and tactilely remember the features of the drawing movement.

Joint drawing of details on a separate sheet of paper detailed explanation of each drawing movement.

The exercise allows you to correct small drawing movements and helps the child to feel the force of pressing a brush or pencil to obtain a certain image, to see a sequence of fine movements. It is important not only to develop visual and tactile memory in relation to shaping movements, but also to teach children to listen to instructions. In this regard, all movements must be given a verbal description.

Drawing a tree, the teacher explains: “Look, we put the brush flat and move it smoothly up. The brush moves freely, slightly bending, draws a barely noticeable wavy line, and gradually the bristle of the brush comes off the sheet. Only the tip is in contact with the surface. We continue to paint with the end of the brush. Got a stem. At the very top, the trunk turns into a large branch. Now we change the wide brush to a medium one and paint the branches with a thinner brush. We put the brush to the trunk and with smooth wavy movements we rise up. Again to the trunk, we put the brush flat, gradually it rises, and we draw with the end. Here is one branch longer and the other shorter. They are all different. We draw them boldly, we are not afraid that they will go on the trunk, on top of each other. Now we take a thin brush and draw even smaller branches, they are intertwined, as if holding hands. The branches are not flat, but voluminous, let's draw a shadow on them. Let's mix the paints so that we get a dark shade, and now we will show a shadow with a thin brush, it should be only on one side, and on the other the branch remains light ... "A detailed explanation is necessary so that children can simultaneously see the image, analyze the character drawing movements to get the image.

Practicing individual techniques according to the instructions of the teacher. The exercise can be carried out both outside the class and during it. Its purpose is to ensure timely correction of individual techniques, details necessary for the child to implement the plan.

The process of mastering the basics of visual literacy is complex, lengthy, and requires constant consolidation of the learned material. Preschoolers in the course of drawing very often, being carried away by the process itself, forget many rules and begin to get upset if something doesn’t work out for them. It is important to unobtrusively provide assistance by directing the child to remember the rules. If a preschooler experiences uncertainty when performing any technique, then it is advisable to cheer him up, instill confidence in him.

When a child is unable to remember past experiences, it may be suggested to practice on a separate sheet, since attempts to repeat some detail may also end in failure. A small sheet of paper is less restrictive for the preschooler and acts as a training base on which he boldly experiments, tries different options or works out some one technique. On a separate sheet, you can, if necessary, practice techniques together with the teacher.

Very often, the teacher, due to lack of time in the classroom, does not wait until the preschooler achieves the result on his own, but he himself performs the necessary element in the children's work. In this case, there is no creative development. The child gets used to the fact that the teacher finishes drawing, the teacher will help, etc., ceases to show efforts in achieving the goal. He gradually loses interest in drawing.

Imitation of the teacher, copying individual elements of the image. There is nothing dangerous for creativity in copying. It all depends on the nature of its use in the education system. If it acts as the main method, it has a negative impact on creativity. When copying or imitation is used to consolidate drawing movements, it contributes to the expansion of the child's experience, the formation of a technical base 1 (Fig. 17).

Thus, the use of exercises aimed at acquiring "drawing" experience by the child ultimately leads to the development of children's fine arts. Creativity and activity are not mutually exclusive concepts, but two sides of one phenomenon. Visual activity helps the child to create, to show individuality, gives a certain freedom. And creativity, which manifests itself on the basis of visual activity, contributes to the harmonious development of the personality of a preschooler.

1. See: Lomonosova M. T. Graphics and painting: textbook. allowance. - M., 2003. - S. 150-151.

Rice. 17. Hatching exercises

Control questions

1. What types of drawing do you think are available for preschool children?

2. What is the essence of the exercises? At what age is it advisable to apply exercises for the formation of visual skills?

All children love to draw. But sometimes the child does not turn out the way he wants. Or maybe he doesn’t have enough familiar ways to express himself? Then you can inspire him to experiment with different techniques, among which there is sure to be a favorite. After that, your child will probably want to invent something new.
Patterns from dots

First, draw the simplest squiggle. Then, using a cotton swab and paints (gouache or acrylic), we make intricate patterns, as the soul lies. Paints are best pre-mixed and slightly diluted with water on the palette.

Frottage

Since childhood, a technique familiar and loved by many. We put an object with a slightly protruding relief under a sheet of paper and paint over it with pastel, chalk or an unsharpened pencil.

Foam prints

Having dipped a sponge in thick gouache, a child can draw landscapes, bouquets of flowers, lilac branches or animals.

Blotography

One option: drip paint on a sheet and tilt it in different directions to get some kind of image. Second: the child dips the brush into the paint, then puts the inkblot on a sheet of paper and folds the sheet in half so that the inkblot is printed on the second half of the sheet. Then he unfolds the sheet and tries to understand who or what the drawing looks like.

Other drawings using the clasography method can be viewed

Hand and foot prints

It's simple: you need to dip your foot or palm in paint and make an imprint on paper. And then use your imagination and finish drawing a couple of details.

You can see more about the method of drawing with palms

Paint Patterns

For such an application, you need to apply a thick layer of paint on paper. Then, with the back end of the brush, scratch patterns on the still wet paint - a variety of lines and curls. When dry, cut out the desired shapes and stick on a thick sheet.

Fingerprints

The name speaks for itself. It is necessary to paint the finger with a thin layer and make an imprint. A couple of strokes with a felt-tip pen - and you're done!

Monotype

A drawing is applied to a flat smooth surface (for example, glass). Then a sheet of paper is applied, and the print is ready. To make it more blurry, a sheet of paper must first be wetted. When everything is dry, you can add details and outlines if desired.

Grattage

The highlight of the work is that the drawing needs to be scratched. A sheet of cardboard is tightly shaded with spots of multi-colored oil pastels. Then black gouache must be mixed on a palette with soap and painted over the entire sketch. When the paint is completely dry, scratch the pattern with a toothpick.

air paints

To prepare the dye, you need to mix a tablespoon of "self-rising" flour, a few drops of food coloring and a tablespoon of salt. Add a little water to the consistency of thick sour cream and mix well. The paint can be placed in a confectionery syringe or in a small bag. Tie tightly and cut corner. We draw on paper or ordinary cardboard. We place the finished drawing for 10-30 seconds in the microwave at maximum mode.

"Marble" paper

We paint over a sheet of paper with yellow acrylic paint. When it dries completely, paint over again with diluted pink paint and immediately cover with cling film. The film needs to be crumpled and gathered into folds, since it is they who will create the desired pattern for us. We wait for complete drying and remove the film.

water painting

Draw a simple shape in watercolor and fill it with water. Until it dries out, we put colored blots on it so that they mix with each other and form such smooth transitions.

Prints of vegetables and fruits

Vegetable or fruit should be cut in half. Then you can cut some kind of pattern on it or leave it as it is. We dip into the paint and make prints on paper. For prints, you can use an apple, potato, carrot or celery.

Leaf prints

The principle is the same. We smear the leaves with paint and make prints on paper.

Drawings with salt

If you sprinkle salt on a still wet watercolor drawing, it will be saturated with paint and, when dried, will create a grainy effect.

Brush instead of brush

Sometimes, for the sake of experiment, it is worth trying something unexpected. For example, a household brush.

Ebru or water painting

We need a container of water. The main requirement is that its area coincides with the area of a sheet of paper. You can use an oven roaster or a large tray. You will also need oil paints, a solvent for them and a brush. The point is to create patterns with paint on water, and then dip a piece of paper in them. How it's done: www.youtube.com

cracked wax effect

With wax pencils, draw an image on thin paper. In our case, a flower. The background must be fully shaded. We crumple well and then straighten the sheet with the pattern. We paint over it with dark paint so that it enters into all the cracks. We wash the drawing under the tap and dry it. If required, smooth with an iron.

About drawing on crumpled paper you can see

Offset cardstock prints

We cut the cardboard into small strips, about 1.5 × 3 cm. Dip the edge of a piece of cardboard in paint, press it vertically against the paper and evenly shift it to the side. Wide lines will be obtained, from which the pattern is created.

Cam prints

For such a drawing, the child will have to clench his hands into fists. Then dip the back of your fingers into the paint and make prints, creating the desired shape. Fish and crabs can be created using fingerprints.

Activities in the visual arts make it possible to enjoy positive emotions, to feel like the master of your creativity. Children study and learn to know the world around them by copying it. Their drawings reflect a personal attitude to everything that happens around. A variety of forms, methods and techniques of work on visual activity develops the artistic abilities of the child. This article presents certain types of non-traditional drawing techniques.

What is non-traditional drawing?

This is an art that is not based on traditions, does not adhere to them, but is distinguished by its unbrokenness and originality. Drawing in an unconventional style captivates, fascinates, delights and surprises children. After all, unusual materials are used here, and most importantly, there is no place for the word “no”. You can draw what you want, how you want and how you want. Moreover, it is not forbidden to come up with a new technique for depicting the image yourself.

Non-traditional drawing techniques in school and kindergarten teach children to express their thoughts freely, without any restrictions. Children's fears recede, self-confidence appears. The unusual thing about non-traditional drawing is that it allows children to quickly get the desired result.

What is the importance of image technique when creating a children's drawing?

In the children's work, the world around them opens up differently each time. It depends on the inner state of the little artist: on his desires and feelings. Children are more susceptible to emotions. In their imagination, images arise that defy any explanation. They can draw a red elephant, yellow rain, a running house.

Why does a child want to create, what motivates him to do so? First of all, of course, the imaginary image in his mind. At first glance, everything seems simple: I saw and drew. But in fact, this path is very difficult for the child, and requires a lot of knowledge and impressions from him. These are emotional experiences, and the ability to be surprised, to observe.

Painting. Unconventional technique. Senior group

The image of a drawing on paper with pencils or paints helps the child prepare for the learning process at school. After all, during classes, children show their individuality. Properly organized drawing lessons develop the child's intellectual abilities, correct mental processes. And this is no coincidence. In such classes, preschoolers have the opportunity to confidently assess their strengths, which is very important for the future school team. The development of fine motor skills of the hands is facilitated by non-traditional drawing techniques. Children of the senior group of the kindergarten learn to draw with fingers, wax, palms, foam rubber, watercolor. Children draw with great interest using the method of blotography, bitmap, prints, splashing.

Blotography using a thread

To write a drawing in this technique, a brush is not needed. The unconventional drawing technique, the photo of which is presented to your attention, is attractive because there are no strictly designated canons here. For example, this blot must be drawn without fail in a rounded shape. Using non-traditional drawing techniques in the classroom, ample opportunities open up for children's imagination.

So, for work you need threads, paints and white paper. First, the thread should be dyed in the color that you like best. Then lay it out on a prepared sheet of paper in a chaotic manner, but so that the tip remains outside the field. Cover with another sheet on top, and pull the thread. You will get spots and lines of a bizarre shape. With the help of a pencil, they easily turn into the desired image.

splashing

Non-traditional drawing techniques for children are very diverse. One of them is splashing, or splashing. In this technique, the drawing should be done with a hard brush or brush for brushing teeth. To get some kind of image, you first need to dip the brush in gouache, and then spray it all over the sheet. Small droplets are obtained, which in places merge into large spots. It is enough to take a pencil and finish drawing your favorite character or object. If you dip the brush in toothpaste and spray it, you get snow.

Monotype

There is a wide variety of non-traditional drawing techniques. Monotype is one of them. This is perhaps the most magical genre of drawing: neither painting nor graphics, but something in between a trick and a beautiful fairy tale. Children's non-traditional drawing techniques provide an opportunity for free expression. This drawing method is very tempting for preschoolers, although it is rarely used in art classes. What is it?

This technique is used if you need to get a mirror image. With its help, a reflection on the water is drawn, objects located symmetrically. First, the drawing is depicted on smooth cellophane. To do this, you need a soft brush or a match wrapped in cotton wool. In extreme cases, you can draw with your finger. The paint must be used bright and thick so that it does not spread. The further action is as follows: until the paint has dried, the cellophane is turned over onto a white sheet of thick paper with a pattern down and, as it were, blotted. Then, carefully, so as not to smear, rises. It turns out two identical drawings: one on paper, the other on cellophane.

Grattage

This word translated from French means "scratch, scrape", hence another name for this technique - scratching. To perform a drawing in this technique, you need to fill the cardboard with paraffin, apply ink, wait until it dries completely and scratch out the desired pattern.

Aquatype

Drawing in this technique is done with water. To do this, a large gouache drawing is depicted on thick paper. When the paint dries, the whole drawing is covered with black ink and shown in water. Gouache will be washed off with water, but ink will remain. Unconventional drawing techniques work wonders. Flowers drawn in this way are especially beautiful.

water seal

This is a kind of drawing method. To work, you need a bath with water. Paint of different colors is poured directly onto its surface, and a landscape sheet of paper is placed on top of it. You get an image, you can complete it with strokes with a brush.

Drawing with a candle or wax crayons

A lot of names have non-traditional drawing techniques. One of them is candle painting. To do this, you need to color a sheet of white paper with pencils of different colors. Then with a candle we draw houses, stars or some other object or image. After that, we paint over our drawing with watercolors.

dot pattern

Unconventional drawing techniques are very popular with children. Writing a picture with dots refers to an unusual technique. To do this, colored pencils or felt-tip pens are taken and dots are applied to a white sheet of paper. But it is better to do it with paints.

The match is cleaned of sulfur, a piece of cotton wool is wound around the tip, dipped in paint and dots are applied.

Foam rubber drawings

For many people, painting with paints is associated with a brush. But this is not a completely correct judgment. Indeed, instead of a brush, you can cut geometric shapes from foam rubber, attach them to an unsharpened pencil or any even stick. Homemade brush is ready. Next, each figure is dipped in paint and stamped on paper. Thus, circles, triangles, rhombuses are obtained. You can make an ornament out of them.

Chalk drawing

Children love to have variety in their lives. This can be done with ordinary chalk or coal. They fit well on asphalt, ceramic tiles, stones, porcelain. It is good to draw capacious images of plots on asphalt.

If the work is not finished, you can continue the next day. Of course, there can be disappointments if it starts to rain and wash away the entire drawing. According to the plots drawn, children make up whole stories. It is convenient to depict small objects, patterns on ceramic tiles. But on large stones - the heads of fabulous animals.

impression

A commonly used material - potatoes - can be depicted on paper as animals. To do this, you need to make a signet out of a vegetable. The potato is cut in half and an animal or object is drawn on the smooth side with a pen. Then, with the tip of a knife, carefully cut along the contour to a height of 1.5 centimeters, attach a handle and the print is ready. The child applies the seal to the foam rubber with paint, then the print is applied to the paper. If the color of the paint needs to be changed, another signet and foam rubber are taken. This drawing technique is especially liked by children. After all, one and the same object can be depicted as many times as possible, and make up a whole composition from it.

leaves prints

Conducting classes with children, you can use a wide variety of non-traditional drawing techniques in preschool educational institutions. In early spring, when young sticky leaves bloom on the trees, and in late autumn, when they change color and fall off, the child watches them with interest. Therefore, when in the classroom children are invited to print a real leaf of birch or maple, they do it with great pleasure. First you need to cover the sheet with paint, and then attach the painted side to white paper. Every time you should take another sheet. So the veins will be better imprinted. If there is no petiole, it does not matter. It can be easily painted with a brush.

Paint blowing

If you need to depict shrubs, trees, unusual fabulous plants or corals, use this technique. You need to drop paint on a sheet of paper and use a cocktail tube to inflate it in accordance with the intended image. The drawing is bright and expressive. This technique is especially suitable for those children who find it difficult to express their creativity through the line.

Drawing on wet paper

The types of non-traditional drawing techniques are so diverse that for each child individually you can choose the most interesting and exciting method for him. One of these is the image of a drawing on wet paper. The fact is that until recently it was considered possible to draw only on dry paper, since paint diluted with water already moisturizes it.

But there are such plots, images, objects in which vagueness and uncertainty must be introduced. For example, fog, a dream, night. However, the paper should not be too wet, otherwise the drawing will not work. It is not necessary to dip all the paper in water. It is enough to wet a piece of cotton wool, wring it out and run it over the surface of the sheet or its individual parts. The paper is ready for work, you can begin to image images.

Drawing with hands

Children of the senior group of the kindergarten are happy to learn this method of non-traditional drawing. Indeed, the work uses fingers, which the child lowers into gouache and begins to draw with them without any brush. Each finger can be dipped in paint of a different color. Thus, a whole set of brushes is obtained. And if you paint a palm with paint and attach it to paper, an imprint will remain on it.

The guys themselves give the image the desired shape. They easily turn him into a dragon, a butterfly, who has enough imagination for what. Performing this task, the children make different movements with their hands: blotting, slapping, smearing.

Drawing with a tissue swab. Master class on the topic

This form of conducting classes in kindergarten attracts children, their parents and educators. With great pleasure, those who wish to attend the master class. Non-traditional drawing techniques are always interesting for their mystery and novelty. If the topic of the master class is drawing a landscape in black and white, then for work you will need gouache of the corresponding color, pieces of cotton fabric, a white sheet of paper, PVA glue, colored cardboard, scissors.

So, let's start working. We crumple the fabric and make a tampon out of it of such a size that it is convenient to hold it. This will be your brush. We dip it in black paint and draw a horizontal line on a sheet of paper. It is the horizon, that is, it separates the sky from the earth. The higher this line, the more space opens up to the eye.

We continue drawing with unconventional techniques. We will depict the forest at a remote distance. To do this, with chaotic adjoining movements, we print shrubs and trees from the horizon line upwards. You should always remember that objects in the foreground are always larger and more distinct than those in the background. This rule also applies to non-traditional drawing techniques. Pictures then turn out to be beautiful, the objects depicted on them become similar to real ones.

Now fill in the foreground and draw the line of the coast in the way of drawing from left to right. We print bushes with the same swab, then we draw clouds and clouds in the sky using the smearing method. Next, we depict ripples on the lake, the sun and its reflection in clear water. Drawing with non-traditional technique is finished. The picture is ready.

Using whatever is at hand

BLOTGRAPHY

DRAWING TOGETHER ON A LONG STRIP OF PAPER

DRAWING WITH A SECRET IN THREE PAIRS OF HANDS

When your child is 4 years old, we strongly advise you to resort to this method. It consists in the following. A rectangular sheet of paper is taken, 3 pencils. Adults and a child are distributed: who will draw the first, who will be the second, who will be the third. The first one starts drawing, and then closes his drawing, bending the leaflet on top and leaving a little bit, some part, to continue (the neck, for example). The second, not seeing anything but the neck, naturally continues the torso, leaving only part of the legs visible. The third one finishes. Then the whole sheet is opened - and almost always it turns out funny: from the mismatch of proportions, color schemes.

DRAWING YOURSELF

I DRAW MOM

BIT PATTERN

FOAM DRAWINGS

MYSTERIOUS DRAWINGS

DRAWING WITH crayons

MAGIC DRAWING METHOD

PAINTING OF SMALL PEbbles

FINGER PAINTING METHOD

NITCOGRAPHY METHOD

MONOTOPY METHOD

Two words about this, unfortunately rarely used method. And in vain. Because he is fraught with a lot of tempting for preschoolers. In short, this is an image on cellophane, which is then transferred to paper. On smooth cellophane, I paint with paint using a brush, or a match with cotton wool, or a finger (no uniformity is needed). The paint should be thick and bright. And immediately, until the paint has dried, turn the cellophane over with the image down on white thick paper and, as it were, wet the drawing, and then lift it up. It turns out two drawings. Sometimes the image remains on cellophane, sometimes on paper.

DRAWING ON WET PAPER

FABRIC IMAGES

VOLUME APPLICATION

DRAW WITH THE HELP OF POSTCARDS

LEARNING TO MAKE A BACKGROUND

COLLAGE

The concept itself explains the meaning of this method: several of the above are collected in it. In general, ideally, the following seems important to us: it is good when a preschooler is not only familiar with various image techniques, but also does not forget about them, but uses them appropriately, fulfilling a given goal. For example, one of the children of 5-6 years old decided to draw summer, and for this he uses a bitmap (flowers), and the child draws the sun with his finger, he cuts fruits and vegetables from postcards, depicts the sky and clouds with fabrics, etc. There is no limit to improvement and creativity in visual activity. English teacher-researcher Anna Rogovin recommends using everything that is at hand for drawing exercises: draw with a cloth, paper napkin (folded many times); draw with dirty water, old tea leaves, coffee grounds, pomace from berries. It is also useful to paint cans and bottles, reels and boxes, etc.