Who wrote the play new doll. Analysis of musical works

3. "Children's Album" by P. I. Tchaikovsky

The novelty and originality of Schumann's "Album for Youth" awakened the imagination of many composers.

In April 1878, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote to his friend and admirer:

I have been thinking for a long time that it would not hurt to contribute to the best of my ability to the enrichment of children's musical literature, which is very poor. I want to make a number of small passages of unconditional lightness with titles that are tempting for children, like Schumann's.

The immediate impetus for the creation of the "Children's Album" was Tchaikovsky's communication with his little nephew Volodya Davydov, to whom this collection, consisting of 24 light pieces and appeared in October 1878, is dedicated. It is interesting that on the cover of the first edition it is marked in brackets: "Imitation of Shu-man."

You have already met many times with the pieces from Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album" at the lessons of musical literature. And some of you are familiar with them in the piano class.

Let's go through the pages of the "Children's Album" and at the same time recall the plays that we have already met.

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In addition to links to the examples given earlier, each piece can be listened to in its entirety by clicking the button on the left. Performed by J. Flier.

1. "Morning Prayer" See the discussion and example in topic 6 .
2. "Winter morning". Musical sketch with "prickly", "frosty" harmony.
3. "Game of horses". A fast-paced piece with a non-stop movement of eighths.
4. "Mother". Lyric portrait.
5. March of wooden soldiers. Toy march (see example 53 in topic 2).
6. Doll disease. Sad music about the very sincere feelings of a girl who takes her acting as if seriously. Or maybe your favorite doll is really hopelessly broken.
7. Doll Funeral. Funeral march.
8. Waltz. See about it in topic 5 and topic 6 (section 3 and section 6).
9. "New doll". The play, sounding in unison, expresses the unbridled joy of the girl.
10. Mazurka. Dance miniature in the mazurka genre.
11. Russian song. See the discussion and example in topic 6 .
12. The man plays the harmonica.

Let's take a closer look at this original miniature. Perhaps Tchaikovsky accidentally overheard the unlucky harmonist trying to pick something up, but he couldn't do it. With great humor, the composer portrayed this episode in a tiny play.

Example 102

First, the same little phrase is repeated four times. Then twice the accordionist again tightens her first motive, but stops, sorting out two chords in some bewilderment. Apparently, one of them (the dominant seventh chord) impressed his imagination too much, and he, fascinated, opens and closes the bellows, clutching this chord with his fingers.

When you press one key on the left keyboard, many harmonicas sound not one note, but a whole chord: tonic, dominant or subdominant. Therefore, imitating the inept playing of the harmonica, Tchaikovsky uses a chord warehouse. The tonality of B-flat major is not accidental either. Most harmonicas are tuned in this scale (unlike the button accordion and the accordion, the harmonica cannot play either a chromatic scale or music in different keys).

Here we saw another kind of picture programming onomatopoeic. Such imitation of musical instruments is quite rare. More often, composers use onomatopoeia to depict natural noises or birdsong. A similar example is also found in the Children's Album, and we will get to it shortly.

1. "Kamarinskaya". Figurative variations on a famous Russian dance melody.
2. Polka. Dance miniature in the polka genre (see example 150 in topic 5).
3. Italian song. Memoirs of the composer about Italy. The melody placed in the chorus of this song, Tchaikovsky heard in Milan performed by a little street singer.
4. An old French song. See the discussion and example in topic 6 .
5. German song.

In general, this piece resembles the old German Lendler dance (a slightly slow and rough waltz). And some characteristic melodic turns make us remember another genre yodel, a kind of song of the Alpine highlanders. The usual singing with words is interspersed in yodeling with vocalizations depicting an instrumental tune. These vocalises are played in a peculiar manner with frequent wide jumps, decomposed into chord sounds. The melody of the first section of the German song is very similar to the yodel:

Example 103

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And here is the traditional German (Tyrolean) yodel in a modern version.

1. Neapolitan song. See the discussion and example in topic 6 .
2. "Nanny's Tale"

Although Tchaikovsky does not tell us what kind of fairy tale the nanny is telling, and we do not know its plot, you can hear that the music speaks of some kind of adventure.

The beginning sounds mysterious, "prickly" chords are interrupted by mysterious pauses. The second sentence begins secretly, an octave lower, then all the voices rapidly soar upward, and in the cadence itself something new, unexpected suddenly happens.

Example 104

Moderately

And then something terrible happened. Throughout the middle section in the right hand, it is repeated with increasing in two waves crescendo the same sound before as if to say, “Oh! Oh-oh!..” And in the left hand the rustles of chromatic thirds flutter in a “frightening” low register.

Example 105

When just before the reprise before goes into re, we feel this event as the culmination of a terrible fairy tale. But then calmness sets in: the reprise is completely accurate, and when we hear familiar music again, it no longer seems as mysterious and “prickly” as it seemed at first. The scary tale has a happy and happy ending.

1. "Baba Yaga". Another good-natured "horror story", a picture of the swift flight of an evil sorceress on a broomstick.
2. "Sweet dream". Lyric play. Although it has a name, it is not a software thumbnail. The image of a bright dream, which is given in music, can be filled with any suitable content. Or you can just listen and enjoy.
3. Song of the Lark.

As in the play "A Man Plays the Harmonica", there is onomatopoeia here. But the image is born completely different. Not funny, but lyrical. In one of his letters, Tchaikovsky wrote: How I love it when streams of melting snow flow through the streets and something invigorating and invigorating is felt in the air! With what love you greet the first green grass, how you rejoice at the arrival of rooks, followed by larks and other overseas summer guests!

From time immemorial, the singing of birds in the art of music has been associated with images of spring, the gentle sun, and the awakening of nature. Remember the symbolic figurines of larks in spring folk rites.

And besides, songbirds from time immemorial amazed people with their ingenuity, the variety of their trills. They and musicians have a lot to learn.

In the Song of the Lark, we hear both sunny, springtime joy, and an unusual variety of "bird" passages in a high register.

The play is written in a simple three-movement form. From the very first bars, one can feel both “streams of melting snow” and “something invigorating and invigorating” poured into the spring air. And above this sunny picture, a lark is pouring somewhere high, high.

Example 106

Moderately

In the middle section that starts undercover pp , the composer seems to listen to the singing of the lark and lets us hear more and more twists and turns of this song.

Example 107

After a point of reprise, in a small coda, we hear another "knee" of the lark

1. "The organ grinder sings." See the discussion and example in topic 6 .
2. "In the church".

Prayer began and ended the day of the child. And if "Morning Prayer" is an introduction to the pictures, images and impressions that fill a child's day, then the play "In the Church" is a farewell to another day lived. Strictly and harmoniously the church choir sings at the evening service, in the soft "speaking" intonations of the first phrases one can hear: "Lord, have mercy."

Example 108

Moderately

These four phrases, forming a period of free construction, are repeated once more, but louder and louder: the singing expands and grows.

But here are the last, fading phrases of the choir and the huge coda, which occupies half of the entire play: a long farewell, in which one can hear the measured and slightly sad sound of the viscous evening church bells

Example 109

If Schumann's pieces were arranged in order of increasing complexity, then Tchaikovsky's very easy ones can coexist with rather difficult ones. Arranging the pieces in the album, Tchaikovsky was guided by their figurative content.

All genre game scenes "Game of Horses", March of Wooden Soldiers, "Doll's Disease", "Doll's Funeral", "New Doll" are concentrated in the first half of the collection.

In the middle is a small Russian "suite": Russian song, "A man plays the harmonica" and "Kamarinskaya".

Then comes the "travel suite" songs from different countries, times and cities: Italian, Old French, German and Neapolitan.

Then a section of fairy tales: "Nanny's Tale" and "Baba Yaga".

Lyrical plays and dances create the necessary contrast or relieve tension. "Mom" sets off the "Game of Horses" and the March of the Wooden Soldiers. The waltz softens the transition from inconsolable grief ("The Doll's Funeral") to stormy joy ("The New Doll"). Mazurka and Polka are a kind of "chopping" between the "Russian" and "European" sections. "Sweet dream" "lyrical digression" after scary tales. Another "lyrical digression" just before parting is the play "The Organ Grinder Sings".

Two pictures of nature "Winter Morning" and Song of the Lark are located one almost at the very beginning, and the other towards the end.

And finally, the introduction and conclusion related to church music: “Morning Prayer” and “In the Church”.

Such a grouping of pieces makes Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album" a surprisingly harmonious work - not just a collection of plays, but a large suite that is interesting and not tiring to listen to in a row from beginning to end.

Tchaikovsky pushes the boundaries of children's music. In the plays Russian song, "Kamarinskaya", Italian song, Old French song, Neapolitan song, "The organ grinder sings" he introduces young musicians to folk melodies from different countries. And the music of some plays can be heard in the "adult" works of Tchaikovsky. So, the Neapolitan song came to the album from the ballet "Swan Lake", the Old French song turned into the Song of the Minstrels in the opera "The Maid of Orleans", the melody of the play "The Organ Grinder Sings" sounded again in the piano miniature "Interrupted Dreams", and the intonations of "Sweet Dreams" unexpectedly appeared in the Scene in the Spruce Forest from the ballet The Nutcracker.

Dear readers, today I invite you to have a little rest, to be filled with wonderful music together with your children and grandchildren. We will talk with you about the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky, about his "Children's Album". I remember the time when I myself played many of the pieces from this amazing album. I also remember how, while working at a music school, I gave many works to children, I remember their response to these works. The music from this album is close, understandable and interesting to children. They seem to live their lives in music, recognize themselves, empathize with the characters, learn to think, learn about the world.

On the pages of my blog, I often turn to you: introduce children to beauty from childhood. Listen to good music, go with them to the Philharmonic, to concerts that will be close and understandable to them. This is a very important moment in raising a sense of beauty in our children. Yes, and it is always important for the family. Discuss what you heard with the children, develop their horizons.

I hope that our small conversations on the blog will help you. Today, together with Lilia Shadkovsky, a reader of my blog, a music teacher with vast experience in working with children, we have prepared material in our section I pass the word to Lilia and I myself slightly supplement her article.

Good afternoon to all readers of Irina's blog! Today we once again invite you, together with your children and grandchildren, to make a journey into the fascinating world of the music of the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, whose wonderful and poetic music is loved not only by adults, but it is understandable and interesting for children.

Flowers, music and children are the best decoration of life

P.I. Tchaikovsky loved children very much, subtly and sensitively understood their soul, felt their mood. He often said: "Flowers, music and children are the best decoration of life."

Indeed, the children's theme runs through all his work, and the "Children's Album" became the first collection of plays for children in Russia, included in the golden fund of world musical literature for children. It contained a whole children's country, the big world of a child, told in sounds.

The history of the creation of the "Children's Album of P.I. Tchaikovsky

One of the factors that determined the composer's desire to write music for children was the example of Robert Schumann, whose fascinating pieces "Album for Youth" were very fond of both children and teachers.

Another very important factor in the creation of the "Children's Album" was an unusually warm relationship with his sister's children. He walked with them for a long time, played a lot, told them about his travels and incredible stories about the countries he visited. And always with great interest he listened to children's stories about various events in their lives. An unusually tender and warm relationship with his nephews gave impetus to writing a children's album.

In March 1878, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky arrived at the estate of his sister Alexandra Ilyinichna Davydova. In Kamenka, he fell unexpectedly, like snow on his head, and made a joyful commotion. The children of Alexandra Ilyinichna gave him such a concert that he had to plug his ears. Again the house resounded with "sweet, heavenly" sounds. Pyotr Ilyich settled comfortably in his room and was already scribbling something at his desk. A few days later he said:

- Here, these pichugs, - he pointed to the children, - certainly want me to write "everything to the drop" in their album. I will write, do not be afraid. Write and play!

And he wrote for the "Children's Album" and played them with children. And Pyotr Ilyich also loved to listen to how children make music. Listening to the play of little musicians, he often thought that there were not so many compositions intended for children.

To whom did Tchaikovsky dedicate the "Children's Album"?

After the "Children's Album" was completed, Pyotr Ilyich decides to dedicate it to his beloved nephew.

“I dedicated this album to my nephew Volodya, who passionately loves music and promises to be a musician,” Tchaikovsky wrote in a letter to N.F. von Meck. Indeed, on the title page of the first edition it was written: "Dedicated to Volodya Davydov."

We turn over the pages of the music collection and one by one we see pictures from the lives of children. How many events, interesting stories and incidents!

Here are funny games and sorrows, entertaining tales and pictures of Russian life, as well as sketches of Russian nature. I think that it will also be interesting for you to feel through the music of Tchaikovsky the special spirit of that time, to find out how the children lived then, what surrounded them, how did they spend their time?

Look at the contents of the album. The title of the play will tell you a lot.

"Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky. Content

The "Children's Album" includes the following pieces:

1. morning prayer
2. Winter morning
3. Horse game
4. March of the wooden soldiers
5. Doll sickness
6. Doll funeral
7. Waltz
8. New doll
9. Mazurka
10. Russian song
11. man playing the harmonica
12. Kamarinskaya
13. Polka
14. Italian song
15. old french song
16. German song
17. Neapolitan song
18. nanny's tale
19. Baba Yaga
20. sweet dream
21. song of the lark
22. The organ grinder sings
23. In the church

Let's go through the pages of the "Children's Album" and listen to musical sketches, plays, some of which you probably already know. There are 24 plays in the collection, where several storylines are viewed. We will listen to some of them.

morning prayer

The first storyline is connected with the awakening of the child and the beginning of the day. The family day began and ended with prayer. We invite you to listen to "Morning Prayer", whose bright and lyrical intonations are full of sublime peace and contemplation. This is a kind of meditation on God, on the soul. Surely the children tuned in to good deeds and deeds, pronouncing the texts of prayers. Let's listen to it with the kids.

Winter morning

With his special composing techniques, P.I. Tchaikovsky conveyed the poetic atmosphere of a winter morning. Swift and prickly, disturbing and unfriendly. On such a morning, I want to sit at home in the warmth, read a book or just snuggle up to my mother, bury my head in her warm hands ... Remember the lines of F. Tyutchev with the children.

Enchantress Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snowy fringe,
Motionless, dumb
He shines with a wonderful life.

And he stands, bewitched, -
Not dead and not alive -
Magically enchanted by sleep
All entangled, all bound
Light chain down…

Is the sun in winter
On him his ray oblique -
Nothing trembles in it
He will flare up and shine
Dazzling beauty.

F. Tyutchev conveys the peaceful state of winter nature, plunged into a magical dream with the help of figurative metaphors. In the rays of the morning sun, it really becomes like a real fairy-tale kingdom! But the music itself. We listen to "Winter Morning" from Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album".

Mother

Unusually touching sounds of peace and tranquility. Immediately before us stands the bright image of the mother and everything connected with the eternal symbol of motherhood. We feel her gentle hands, hear her gentle voice, feel the protection and friendly support, seeing her calm look.

Probably, these were the memories of Pyotr Ilyich about his mother, whom he loved immensely. No wonder all his life he remembered her extraordinary eyes. Let's listen to the play "Mom" from the children's album P.I. Tchaikovsky.

Horse game

But emotional experiences are replaced by mischievous, cheerful melodies of the second storyline. We plunge into unbridled fun, laughter and joy. Children did not have cars or airplanes during the time of Tchaikovsky, therefore, for any boy of that time, tin soldiers, a drum or a toy horse were a matter of special pride. Listen to how unusual the music of the play "The Game of Horses" sounds.

March of the wooden soldiers

But cheerfully and solemnly sounds "March of the Wooden Soldiers" - one of the most popular children's plays. You listen and imagine how a whole army of wooden soldiers are marching to this music. I think that your kids also wanted to take the drum in their hands and walk proudly, like a real brave soldier, chasing every step.

Doll disease. Doll funeral. New doll

And then (especially for girls) topics with a doll will be interesting. Three plays are associated with it. The doll is sick. The girl is very sorry for her doll. Doctors are called to her, but nothing helps. The doll is dead. Everyone came to the funeral, all the toys. After all, they loved the doll so much! A small toy orchestra accompanies the doll: The monkey plays the trumpet. The bunny is on the drum, and the Bear strikes the timpani. Poor old teddy bear, he's soaked with tears.

The doll was buried in the garden, next to a rose bush, and the whole grave was decorated with flowers. And then, one day, my father's friend came to visit. He had a box in his hands.

- This is for you, Sashenka! - he said.

“What is it?” Sashenka thought, burning with curiosity.

The friend untied the ribbon, opened the lid and handed the box to the girl. There was a beautiful doll there. She had big blue eyes. When the doll was shaken, the eyes opened and closed. A pretty little mouth smiled at the girl. Blond curly hair fell over her shoulders. And from under the velvet dress, white stockings and black patent leather shoes were visible. A real beauty! Sashenka looked at the doll and couldn't get enough of it.

- Well. What are you? Take it, it's yours, - said my father's friend.

The girl reached out and took the doll out of the box. A feeling of joy and happiness overwhelmed her. The girl impulsively pressed the doll to her chest and whirled around the room with her, as if in a waltz.

What a joy to receive such a gift! Sasha thought. Let's listen to the play "New Doll" from the "Children's Album".

sweet dream

One of my favorite pieces of the "Children's Album" is "Sweet Dream". A dream is a dream, a quivering state of mind, the contemplation of something unusual and sublime. I think that there are no such people who would not dream of something of their innermost. Talk to the children, ask what they dream about.

nanny's tale

As in those distant times, a day full of different impressions ends with a good kind fairy tale. With bated breath, the kids listen to their favorite fairy tales, sincerely worrying about their favorite characters.

"Nanina's Tale" has an intricate rhythmic pattern that creates an atmosphere of fabulousness and anxiety. And what kind of stories do not children offer when listening to the play "Nanny's Tales" That's really where the scope for the flight of children's fantasies! Let's listen to this music.

Songs of distant countries

The next storyline is represented by "Old French Song", "German Song", "Italian Song". Each of the pieces reflects the peculiarities of the folk music of these countries. It is known that Pyotr Ilyich traveled a lot, and he embodied his impressions in music. So we will make an exciting musical journey and try to understand the peculiarities of folk music and the flavor of these countries.

German song

The "German song" from the "Children's Album" resembles the sound of a hurdy-gurdy and is very similar to the old German lander dance, which was danced by the peasants, with whirling and stomping in their wooden shoes

Neapolitan song

"Neapolitan Song" is one of the most popular and brightest pieces of the "Children's Album", reflecting the cheerful Italian carnival. Based on this play, Pyotr Ilyich created the Neapolitan dance for the ballet Swan Lake.

Tchaikovsky's music, like Pushkin's poetry, comes to us in childhood and remains with us for life. Pyotr Ilyich left us a wonderful musical heritage - this is our culture, this is our art, without which there can be no worthy future.

Did you know that:

1. "Children's Album" was written in May 1878. The history of its creation is inextricably linked with Kamenka, a small Ukrainian village near Kyiv. Kamenka is the ancestral home of the numerous Davydov family Lev Vasilyevich Davydov himself was a great friend of Tchaikovsky and the husband of his beloved sister Alexandra Ilyinichna. Kamenka was the composer's favorite place, where he worked and rested with inspiration. This unusually picturesque place Tchaikovsky called "the radiant land". Here he spent his free time among children, watched their games, listened to their children's stories. It was the unusually tender and warm relationship with his nephews that gave impetus to writing the "Children's Album".
2. The creation of the "Children's Album" was preceded by a long communication with Kolya Konradi, a deaf and dumb pupil of P. I. Tchaikovsky. It was with him and with his brother that they spent part of the time from 1877-1978.
3. 3. The idea of ​​dedicating the "Children's Album" to Volodya Davydov obviously arose after the completion of the composition. Tchaikovsky spent quite a lot of time with his nephew in the summer of 1878 in Kamenka.
4. Even later, in 1878, from Florence, he wrote to L.V. Davydov, her sister's husband: “Tell Bobik that the notes with pictures were printed, that Uncle Petya composed the notes, and that it is written on them: dedicated to Volodya Davydov. He, silly, will not understand what it means to be dedicated! And I will write to Jurgenson to send a copy to Kamenka.

Such a journey took place today with you, dear readers. I hope it was interesting for you and your children.

Sharko shower

P.I. Tchaikovsky "Children's Album"

It is known that Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky loved children very much and understood them well. This is evidenced by his famous phrase that flowers, music and children are the best decoration of life. It is not surprising that the children's theme literally permeates all of his work, and the collection of plays "Children's Album" was the first such work in Russia. Later, this cycle was included in the golden fund of compositions written especially for children. This is not just a collection - it's a whole world, a magical land, retold in sounds.

History of creation

Tchaikovsky was prompted by two factors to write a collection of short plays especially for children. First, they served as an example Robert Schumann. Pyotr Ilyich also wanted to compose a cycle of simple pieces, like an "Album for Youth", which children could freely perform.Secondly, to the idea of ​​composing such a work, Tchaikovsky prompted communication with his nephews. It is known that the composer treated his sister's children very warmly, often visited them, told different stories about his travels, played them, and also listened with interest to all their stories.

Tchaikovsky first mentions his intention to compose a collection of children's plays on February 26, 1878, in a letter to his publisher while in Florence. A month later, the composer begins work on the cycle. On April 30, 1878, during a visit to his sister A.I. Davydova in Kamenka, he writes to P.I. Jurgenson, reporting on his work on the "Children's Album".

There is no information about the very process of composing the cycle, it is known that it was written by the composer rather quickly. About a month later, in his letter to N.F. von Meck Peter Ilyich wrote that he had composed all the plays and now it would take another month and a half to put the cycle in order and edit everything.

On June 29, in his letter to the publisher, Tchaikovsky sent the manuscripts of all the works written at that time, including a collection of children's plays.

Researchers suggest that the idea of ​​dedicating the collection to his nephew Volodya Davyvod came to Tchaikovsky after the end of work on the essay. It is known that in the summer of 1878 the composer spent a lot of time with him in Kamenka. There is no dedication in the autograph of the collection, but in his letter to N.F. von Meck Tchaikovsky already tells in detail that he decided to dedicate the cycle to his nephew, who loves music very much and even promises to become a musician. It is obvious that Tchaikovsky gave the order for his decision to the publisher during a personal meeting in late September, early October 1878.

Interesting Facts

• It is known that Tchaikovsky received 240 rubles from the publishing house for his work. This is the price set by the composer himself - 10 rubles for each piece.
• Researchers believe that the reason that prompted the composer to start writing a collection of children's plays could be very vivid impressions from a street singer's song heard in Florence. Tchaikovsky even wrote about this incident in a letter to his brother on March 27, 1878. The composer was especially shocked by the performance of such a “non-childish” song by a boy singer, which in his interpretation did not sound as tragic as in the original.

• There is another factor that influenced Tchaikovsky's decision to compose the "Children's Album" - this is communication with Kolya Conradi (a pupil of the composer's brother). It is known that with Kolya and with M.P. He spent part of the winter of 1877-1878 as Tchaikovsky. Together they visited the sights, traveled a lot.
• Initially, Tchaikovsky conceived a slightly different order of the pieces, which was already changed in the first edition, carried out with his participation.
• Despite the fact that the collection was originally intended specifically for children, it has firmly entered the world of musical literature and is often performed even by professional artists. Suffice it to recall the version of Ya.V. Flier, which is familiar to many thanks to the surviving audio recordings. The versions of M. Pletnev and V. Postnikova are a highly artistic example. Pletnev brings his vision to the reading of this work. He changes the order of the numbers, putting forward his own version of the collection's dramatic concept.
• Pyotr Ilyich highly appreciated the first edition of his collection, but he still did not like some points. So, he regretted the appearance of the "Children's Album". He wanted the format of the collection to be different, since it would be very inconvenient for Volodya (to whom the composition is dedicated) to look at the notes while playing. The composer also had complaints about the illustrations.

• In all editions of the Soviet period, the title of the last play "In the Church" was specially changed to "Chorus".
• Interestingly, the idea of ​​creating such collections of miniatures for children was later addressed by such composers as A.S. Arensky, V.I. Rebikov, S.M. Maykapar.
• There are a large number of transcriptions of Tchaikovsky's children's collection for a variety of instruments and even orchestras. For example, Vladimir Milman and Vladimir Spivakov made an arrangement for chamber orchestra. Thanks to the efforts of Robert Groslot, an arrangement for chamber orchestra and wind ensemble appeared. There is also a score for the "Children's Album" for the percussion ensemble, which was revised by Anatoly Ivanov, and a little later, in 2014, an arrangement for string orchestra and percussion instruments appeared, made by composer Dmitry Batin.

The "Children's Album" includes 24 plays that have their own individual title. The program content of the collection is built in a certain sequence: morning, afternoon and evening. In addition, several storylines are viewed in the cycle at once.

The first storyline reveals to the audience the images of the awakening of the child and the beginning of the day.

"Morning Prayer"- this is an incredibly beautiful, bright, contemplative play that evokes thoughts about God, about the soul. Tchaikovsky managed to miraculously convey the singing of the choir in piano music. The melody of this piece seems to be woven from live intonations, thanks to a special presentation. The mood of concentration is also conveyed by uniform rhythmic movement, texture of presentation, simple harmonic language and light tonality.

Second play "Winter morning" brings a different mood to the morning peaceful atmosphere. Inclement weather (cold, with a snowstorm and a blizzard) is very accurately conveyed by the disturbed and transparently enlightened music that replaces it. The middle part introduces a certain shade of sadness, which further sets off the onset of the reprise.

"Winter Morning" (listen)

Third piece "Horse Game" opens the storyline of toys and a children's room. This short piece conveys the clatter of hooves very accurately thanks to the uniform rhythmic pulsation that brings it closer to the toccata. The image of the toy horses helps convey the three-part meter, which in this case sounds light and lively.

In a play "Mother" The music is very simple, but full of spiritual experiences. It is presented in the form of a duet: the lower voice has a warmer timbre, and the upper one is clear and bright. In general, this piece is very harmonious, soft, even the composer did not choose the meter by chance, since the three-part pattern gives the music roundness and softness.

In the play, Tchaikovsky reveals the main image with a very clear rhythmic pattern and well-balanced strokes. The composer managed to very accurately convey the clear, almost mechanical movements of the soldiers to the beat of the drummer.

March of the Wooden Soldiers (listen)

The following pieces (6,7,8,9), which form a small suite, reveal another storyline that tells about the complex, serious spiritual life of a small child who feels everything as sharply as adults.

"Doll Disease" introduces a completely different figurative structure. Sad music conveys the experiences of a little girl who is so overplayed that she takes everything seriously and is very worried about her beloved doll. The musical fabric of the play is interestingly built, in which there is no continuous melody. Pauses, as well as mournful intonations, convey the "sighs" and "groans" of the doll. After a tense climax, everything ends with a "fading" coda.

Play "Doll Funeral" has another subtitle, which was given by the author himself - "In imitation of Schumann." In terms of figurative structure, this miniature is very similar to the "First Loss" by Robert Schumann from his "Album for Youth". The composer took the child's feelings seriously, displaying the genuine feelings of the little heroine.

"Waltz" quite suddenly breaks into the course of the story, replacing sadness and sadness with fun. Why waltz? This dance was one of the most popular and beloved in the 19th century, and it sounded not only at magnificent balls, but also at home holidays. "Waltz" from the "Children's Album" conveys the atmosphere of a home holiday.

"Waltz" (listen)

"New Doll"- this is a continuation of the fun, because the girl is very happy with her new toy. She dances and spins with her new doll. Music very accurately conveys the mood of a little girl, a feeling of delight and joy. The piece resembles a waltz, however, it sounds very fast, the usual 3/4 time signature is doubled.

Rapid Polish dance "Mazurka" continues the line of dance miniatures in the collection. But in Tchaikovsky it has a more chamber character, and therefore the first theme of the play is calm, elegiac.

Irina Chichina
Analysis of the play "March of the Wooden Soldiers" from the "Children's Album" by P. I. Tchaikovsky

Musical language is very good at conveying feelings and moods. To "draw" anything with music or "tell" about something, composers resort to the help of ordinary, verbal language. It can be just one word in the title plays.

The first outstanding collection of music for children in Russian piano literature was « children's album» P.I. Tchaikovsky. It contained a whole children's country, the big world of a child, told in sounds.

« children's album» not only of great artistic value, but also extremely useful for educating children's musicality.

« children's album» , op. 39 was written by P.I. Tchaikovsky in May 1878. and is dedicated to his beloved nephew Volodya Davydov. While visiting my sister in Kamenka, near Kyiv, "family nest" large noble family of the Davydovs and often, listening to the play of Volodya's favorite, who was then 6 years old, Pyotr Ilyich was amazed at the poverty of the repertoire for beginners. He loved to walk with his nephews, arranged fireworks, musical performances, dance evenings, took part in games, enjoyed the spontaneity of children. It was then that he decided to create album of songs for children.

On the title page of the first edition, the full title cycle: « children's album. Collection of lungs plays for children(imitation of Schumann). The writing of P. Tchaikovsky". Indeed, one can trace the connection « children's album» P.I. Tchaikovsky with a similar work by R. Schumann « Album for youth» . Both composers speak to children surprisingly clearly and simply, and at the same time seriously, without any "tweaking". Collections captivate with their lyricism. « children's album» Tchaikovsky is perceived as Russian music, as a series of pictures dedicated to the life and life of Russian children. Pyotr Ilyich strove to ensure that his music was lively and exciting, so he showed interest even in the external design of the publication plays - to pictures, to the collection format.

AT « children's album» P.I. Tchaikovsky 24 pieces not related to the same topic. In each play contains a specific plot, lively poetic content, but several relatively independent plot lines can be noted. The collection captures a wide range of images.

« March of the wooden soldiers» (No. 5, on a par with "Game of horses"(No. 3, refers to "gaming" children's cycle plays, this is "boys games". Perhaps these are the most cloudless, children's naive plays« Album» .

« March of the wooden soldiers» is funny march, to the sounds "toy" orchestra with flutes and a drum, as if minting a toy army step wooden soldiers. This "toy" emphasized by very subtle means - quiet (piano) and even very quiet (pianissimo, at the very beginning, performance. In this miniature, the composer draws a musical image with precise and economical means of expression - a sense of puppetry and woodenness conveyed by the clarity of the rhythmic pattern, the accuracy of the stroke. All play performed extremely clearly, evenly, strictly, at a moderate pace. For piano texture P.I. Tchaikovsky the significant role of the chord type of presentation is characteristic. The close arrangement of chords, the consistency of rhythm and strokes figuratively convey well-coordinated movements toy soldiers marching in close formation to the beat of the drummer.

Play written in a simple three-part form. middle plays sounds secretly and even a little threatening, thanks to the change of fret (La Minor) and the application of Neapolitan harmony. But in terms of dynamics, this part does not go beyond the sonority of the piano.

In the reprise, the original sonority is restored again, even quieter than in the middle. plays, as if "toy" the army is removed.

P.I. Tchaikovsky when writing« Album» achieved its goal by creating small masterpieces that are memorable plays close and understandable to every child.

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Summary of the lesson for children 5-7 years old "Children's album of P.I. Tchaikovsky".

Lesson progress:
Good afternoon guys! Today I will talk about the wonderful music of the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. I will acquaint you with the history of the creation of the "Children's Album" and tell you about the musical works that have become children's classics.
The history of Russian music for children is rooted in the musical creativity of the people. Musical folk works for children - songs, jokes and sayings, games with songs served as the basis for the creation by Russian composers for children. Many wonderful works were written by S. Maikopar, A. Grechaninov, V. Ryabikov, S. Prokofiev, A. Khachaturian, but we rightly call Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky the founder of children's music in Russia.
He was the first composer to create an album of piano pieces for children.
"Children's Album" is perhaps the most favorite work of little pianists around the world.
Composing the "Children's Album" Tchaikovsky carried out his long-standing plan - to enrich children's musical literature. This album was written in the summer of 1878 in Ukraine, in the village of Kamenka. There the composer often visited his sister.
All his free time Pyotr Ilyich spent in the circle of his nephews. “Flowers, music and children,” the composer often said, “make up the best decoration of life!” And what he just did not invent for his little friends! Cheerful hikes in the forest, in the field, for flowers, mushrooms, picnics, bonfires, fireworks, musical performances, dancing evenings.
Pyotr Ilyich liked to listen to how the guys, and there were seven of them, were making music. He especially admired Volodya Davydov - little Bob, or Bobby, as he was affectionately called in the family. The boy was the favorite of Peter Ilyich. Volodya studied the piano for a long time and diligently.
Listening to the game of little Bob, Pyotr Ilyich thought more than once that there were not so many compositions intended for children. Too boring music the boy had to play - dry exercises, gray, faceless pieces.
It was then that it was conceived to create an album of plays for children.
And so we turn over the pages of the "Children's Album": there are 24 small plays, each of them is a live children's scene, and all together they make up an interesting story about the life of children of a time far from us, what surrounded them, how they spent time, what impressions remained in their memory. This album contains thoughts, feelings, moods of children, game scenes, scary tales, dreams. As well as pictures of Russian life and Russian nature, travel songs.
Prayer always began and ended the day of the child. Praying, he tuned in to good thoughts and deeds. ("Morning Prayer").
There are plays in the "Children's Album" dedicated to the closest and dearest people.
“Mom” is a kind and attentive look, these are words full of affection, a gentle touch of caring hands. And the melody of the play seems to be gifted with a soft and bright smile. ("Mother").
The composer devotes part of the plays to children's games and amusements. In the play "The March of the Wooden Soldiers" one can hear the rhythm of the chased step and the drumbeat of the toy army of soldiers. ("March of the Wooden Soldiers").
These are boys games.
But there is a whole poem connected with the games of girls. It has three parts. This is a story about a doll. She got sick. Sad, sad music tells about the illness of the doll. This play is called "The Doll's Disease". ("The disease of the doll").
How sincerely and truthfully the composer revealed the grief of the girl! Even more sad in its character is the play "The Funeral of a Doll". The music of a small funeral march sounds quite truly mournful, restrained. ("The funeral of a doll").
But the girl was presented with a new doll. Every girl knows the special feeling that arises when they unexpectedly give a beautiful, elegant doll. We hear joy, delight and jubilation in the New Doll. ("New doll").
The favorite dances of the youth of that time were waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, minuets, polkas. In the children's album, they alternate one after another: the graceful "Waltz", the provocative, rhythmically sharp "Mazurka", the elegant coquettish "Polka". ("Polka").
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky loved to travel. He reflected his impressions of Italy, France, Sweden in music. In the "Children's Album" - travel stories are presented by "Old French Song", "German Song", "Italian Song" and one of the most striking pieces of the "Children's Album" - "Neapolitan Song". ("An old French song").
A large place in the "Children's Album" is given to paintings and images of Russian nature and life, Russian holidays. Scenes from the life of the Russian village are expected in the plays "Russian Song", "A Man Plays the Harmonica", "Kamarinskaya". Each of these pieces refracts the characteristic turns of Russian dance melodies in its own way, but Kamarinskaya is especially captivating. ("Kamarinskaya").
But here comes the end of a long day. Time to go to bed. If you ask the old nanny well, she will surely tell an interesting tale. What only visions do not arise in the imagination. Baba Yaga is rapidly rushing after someone in pursuit. Persistently, sharply, the chords sound, the rumbling passages in the bass seem to convey the seething anger of the old sorceress. And as if you see how she flies over the forests and dales in her foot. They drive with a pestle, sweep the trail with a broomstick. ("Baba Yaga").
The eyelids are already beginning to close, but I don’t want to go to bed. It is better, climbing with your feet into the far corner of the sofa, to dream about something very good and bright. The dream takes you far, far away. “Sweet Dream” is imbued with such a mood. ("Sweet dream").
The "Children's Album" ends with a harsh and sad play "In the Church". The child not only met with prayer, but also saw off every day he lived, remembering what good deeds he managed to do.
The outstanding musicologist B.V. Asafiev wrote about the “Children's Album” in the following way: “This book contains lyrical music. She illustrates, and tells, and thinks, and dreams. With his lyrical melodies, the composer makes the instrument ... and sing, and talk, and have fun, ... and tell fairy tales.
After leaving Kamenka, Tchaikovsky wrote to Lev Vasilyevich Davydov, Bob's father: “Tell Bobik that the printed music with pictures, that these notes were composed by Uncle Petya, and that they say: “Dedicated to Volodya Davydov.”
The "Children's Album" has become a valuable contribution to the world's children's culture, which brings up more than one generation of children.