The story "Poor Lisa" is the best work of N. M. Karamzin and one of the most perfect examples of Russian sentimental literature. It has many beautiful episodes that describe subtle emotional experiences. In the work there are pictures of nature, beautiful in their picturesqueness, which harmoniously complement the narrative. At first glance, they can be considered random episodes that are just a beautiful backdrop for the main action, but in fact everything is much more complicated. Landscapes in "Poor Lisa" are one of the main means of revealing the emotional experiences of the characters. At the very beginning of the story, the author describes Moscow and the "terrible mass of houses", and immediately after that he begins to paint a completely different picture. “Down below... on the yellow sands, a bright river flows, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats... On the other side of the river, an oak grove is visible, near which numerous herds graze; there, young shepherds, sitting under the shade of trees, sing simple, dull songs ... ” Karamzin immediately takes the position of everything beautiful and natural, the city is unpleasant to him, he is drawn to “nature”. Here the description of nature serves to express the author's position. Further, most of the descriptions of nature are aimed at conveying the state of mind and feelings of the main character, because it is she, Lisa, who is the embodiment of everything natural and beautiful. “Even before the sun rose, Liza got up, went down to the banks of the Moskva River, sat down on the grass and looked at the white mists in a huff ... silence reigned everywhere, but soon the rising luminary of the day awakened all creation: groves, bushes came to life, the birds fluttered and sang, the flowers raised their heads to be nourished by the life-giving rays of light. Nature at this moment is beautiful, but Lisa is sad, because a new, hitherto unknown feeling is born in her soul. But despite the fact that the heroine is sad, her feeling is beautiful and natural, like the landscape around. A few minutes later, an explanation takes place between Lisa and Erast, they love each other, and her feeling immediately changes. "What a wonderful morning! How fun everything is in the field! Never have larks sang so well, never have the sun shone so brightly, never have flowers smelled so pleasantly!” Her experiences dissolve in the surrounding landscape, they are just as beautiful and pure. A wonderful romance begins between Erast and Lisa, their attitude is chaste, their embrace is "pure and immaculate." The surrounding landscape is just as clean and immaculate. “After this, Erast and Lisa, afraid not to keep their word, saw each other every evening ... most often under the shade of hundred-year-old oaks ... - oaks that overshadow a deep, clean pond, dug in ancient times. There, the often quiet moon, through the green branches, silvered Liza's blond hair with its rays, with which the marshmallows and the hand of a dear friend played. The time of an innocent relationship passes, Lisa and Erast become close, she feels like a sinner, a criminal, and the same changes take place in nature as in Liza’s soul: “... not a single star shone in the sky ... Meanwhile, lightning flashed and thunder struck ... » This picture reveals not only the state of mind of Lisa, but also foreshadows the tragic ending of this story. The heroes of the work part, but Lisa does not yet know that this is forever, she is unhappy, her heart is breaking, but a faint hope still glimmers in it. The morning dawn, which, like a "red sea", spills "over the eastern sky", conveys the pain, anxiety and confusion of the heroine and also testifies to an unkind ending. Lisa, having learned about Erast's betrayal, ended her miserable life, she threw herself into the very pond, near which she was once so happy, she was buried under the "gloomy oak", which is a witness to the happiest moments of her life. The examples given are quite enough to show how important the description of pictures of nature in a work of art is, how deeply they help to penetrate into the soul of the characters and their experiences. It is unacceptable to consider the story "Poor Liza" and not take into account the landscape sketches. It is they who help to understand the depth of thought
The story "Poor Lisa" is the best work of N. M. Karamzin and one of the most perfect examples of Russian sentimental literature. It has many beautiful episodes that describe subtle emotional experiences. In the work there are pictures of nature, beautiful in their picturesqueness, which harmoniously complement the narrative. At first glance, they can be considered random episodes that are just a beautiful backdrop for the main action, but in fact everything is much more complicated. Landscapes in "Poor Lisa" are one of the main means of revealing the emotional experiences of the characters. At the very beginning of the story, the author describes Moscow and the “terrible mass of houses,” and immediately after that he begins to paint a completely different picture: “Down below ... along the yellow sands, a bright river flows, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats ... On the other side of the river an oak grove is visible, near which numerous herds graze; there, young shepherds, sitting under the shade of trees, sing simple, dull songs ... ” Karamzin immediately takes the position of everything beautiful and natural. The city is unpleasant to him, he is drawn to "nature". Here the description of nature serves to express the author's position. Further, most of the descriptions of nature are aimed at conveying the state of mind and feelings of the main character, because it is she, Lisa, who is the embodiment of everything natural and beautiful. “Even before the sun rose, Liza got up, went down to the banks of the Moskva River, sat down on the grass and, grieving, looked at the white mists ... silence reigned everywhere, but soon the rising luminary of the day awakened all creation: groves, bushes came to life, birds fluttered and sang, the flowers raised their heads to be nourished by the life-giving rays of light. Nature at this moment is beautiful, but Lisa is sad, because a new feeling is born in her soul, which she has not experienced before. Despite the fact that the heroine is sad, her feeling is beautiful and natural, like the landscape around. A few minutes later, an explanation takes place between Lisa and Erast. They love each other, and her feelings immediately change: “What a beautiful morning! How fun everything is in the field! Never have larks sang so well, never have the sun shone so brightly, never have flowers smelled so pleasantly!” Her experiences dissolve in the surrounding landscape, they are just as beautiful and pure. A wonderful romance begins between Erast and Lisa, their attitude is chaste, their embrace is "pure and immaculate." The surrounding landscape is just as clean and immaculate. “After this, Erast and Liza, afraid not to keep their word, saw each other every evening. .. most often under the shade of hundred-year-old oaks... - oaks overshadowing a deep, clean pond, dug up in ancient times. There, the often quiet moon, through the green branches, silvered Liza's blond hair with its rays, with which the marshmallows and the hand of a dear friend played. The time for an innocent relationship passes, Liza and Erast become close, she feels like a sinner, a criminal, and the same changes take place in nature as in Liza’s soul: “... not a single star shone in the sky ... Meanwhile, lightning flashed and thunder struck ... "This picture not only reveals Lisa's state of mind, but also portends the tragic ending of this story. The heroes of the work part, but Lisa does not yet know that this is forever. She is unhappy, her heart is breaking, but a faint hope still glimmers in it. The morning dawn, which, like a "red sea", spills "over the eastern sky", conveys the pain, anxiety and confusion of the heroine and testifies to an unkind ending. Lisa, having learned about Erast's betrayal, ended her miserable life. She threw herself into the very pond, near which she had once been so happy, she was buried under the “gloomy oak”, which is a witness to the happiest moments of her life. The examples given are quite enough to show how important the description of pictures of nature in a work of art is, how deeply they help to penetrate into the soul of the characters and their experiences. It is simply unacceptable to consider the story "Poor Lisa" and not take into account the landscape sketches, because they help the reader to understand the depth of the author's thought, his ideological intent.
The story "Poor Liza" is the best work of Karamzin and one of the most perfect examples of Russian sentimental literature. It has many beautiful episodes that describe subtle emotional experiences.
In the work there are pictures of nature, beautiful in their picturesqueness, which harmoniously complement the narrative. At first glance, they can be considered random episodes that are just a beautiful backdrop for the main action, but in fact everything is much more complicated. Landscapes in "Poor Lisa" are one of the main means of revealing the emotional experiences of the characters.
At the very beginning of the story, the author describes Moscow and the “terrible mass of houses”, and immediately after that he begins to paint a completely different picture. “Below… on the yellow sands, a bright river flows, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats… On the other side of the river, an oak grove is visible, near which numerous herds graze; there young shepherds, sitting under the shade of trees, sing simple, dull songs…”
Karamzin immediately takes the position of everything beautiful and natural, the city is unpleasant for him, he is drawn to “nature”. Here the description of nature serves to express the author's position.
Further, most of the descriptions of nature are aimed at conveying the state of mind and feelings of the main character, because it is she, Lisa, who is the embodiment of everything natural and beautiful. “Even before the sun rose, Liza got up, went down to the banks of the Moskva River, sat down on the grass and looked at the white mists in a huff ... silence reigned everywhere, but soon the rising luminary of the day awakened all creation: groves, bushes came to life, the birds fluttered and sang, the flowers raised their heads to be nourished by the life-giving rays of light.”
Nature at this moment is beautiful, but Lisa is sad, because a new, hitherto unknown feeling is born in her soul.
But despite the fact that the heroine is sad, her feeling is beautiful and natural, like the landscape around.
A few minutes later, an explanation takes place between Lisa and Erast, they love each other, and her feeling immediately changes. "What a wonderful morning! How fun everything is in the field! Never have larks sang so well, never have the sun shone so brightly, never have flowers smelled so pleasant!”
Her experiences dissolve in the surrounding landscape, they are just as beautiful and pure.
A wonderful romance begins between Erast and Lisa, their attitude is chaste, their embrace is “pure and immaculate”. The surrounding landscape is just as clean and immaculate. “After this, Erast and Liza, afraid not to keep their word, saw each other every evening ... most often under the shade of hundred-year-old oaks ... - oaks that overshadow a deep, clean pond, dug in ancient times. There, the often quiet moon, through the green branches, silvered Liza's blond hair with its rays, with which marshmallows and the hand of a dear friend played.
The time of an innocent relationship passes, Lisa and Erast become close, she feels like a sinner, a criminal, and the same changes take place in nature as in Liza’s soul: “... not a single star shone in the sky ... Meanwhile, lightning flashed and thunder struck ... ” This picture reveals not only Lisa's state of mind, but also foreshadows the tragic ending of this story.
The heroes of the work part, but Lisa does not yet know that this is forever, she is unhappy, her heart is breaking, but a faint hope still glimmers in it. The morning dawn, which, like a “scarlet sea”, spills “over the eastern sky”, conveys the pain, anxiety and confusion of the heroine and also testifies to an unkind ending.
Lisa, having learned about Erast's betrayal, ended her miserable life, she threw herself into the very pond, near which she was once so happy, she was buried under the “gloomy oak”, which is a witness to the happiest moments of her life.
The examples given are quite enough to show how important the description of pictures of nature in a work of art is, how deeply they help to penetrate into the soul of the characters and their experiences. It is simply unacceptable to consider the story “Poor Lisa” and not take into account the landscape sketches, because they help the reader to understand the depth of the author’s thought, his ideological intent.
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1. Nature and human feelings.
2. "Terrible mass of houses."
3. Sensual basis of the urban image.
Natural nature and the city are included in Karamzin's sentimental story "Poor Liza". We can say that these two images are already opposed by the fact that the author uses different epithets in their description. Natural nature is filled with beauty, naturalness, vitality: "On the other side of the river, an oak grove is visible, near which numerous herds graze." We encounter completely different colors when presenting the city: "... you see on the right side almost all of Moscow, this terrible mass of houses and churches."
In the very first lines of the work, Karamzin makes it possible to connect these two images. They do not merge in a harmonious unity, but quite naturally side by side. “... A magnificent picture, especially when shines on it<громаду домов и церквей>the sun, when its evening rays are blazing on countless golden domes, on countless crosses, ascending to the sky!
There is a natural beginning in the work, which can be traced entirely in the description of nature. She seems to come to life under the author's pen and is filled with some special inspiration.
Sometimes nature appears at turning points in the life of the heroes of the story. For example, when Liza's purity was to die, "... lightning flashed and thunder struck." Sometimes nature is inextricably linked with man. This is especially evident in the image of Lisa. The girl was sad that Erast was not around one fine morning. And the “tears” do not appear on the girl, but on the grass. “Liza ... sat down on the grass and, grieving, looked at the white mists that agitated the air and, rising up, left brilliant drops on the green cover of nature.”
The researcher O. B. Lebedeva very correctly notes that it is the theme of Liza in the story that is connected with the life of beautiful natural nature. She accompanies the main character everywhere. In moments of joy and moments of sadness. Also, nature in relation to the image of the main character plays the role of a fortune teller. But the girl reacts differently to natural omens. "... The rising luminary of the day awakened all creations, groves, bushes came to life." Nature, as if by magic, wakes up and comes to life. Lisa sees all this splendor, but is not happy, although it portends a meeting with her lover. In another episode, the gloom of the evening not only nourished desires, but also foreshadowed the tragic fate of the girl. And then "no ray could illuminate the delusions."
The closeness of the image of the main character to nature is also emphasized in her portrait description. When Erast visited Lisa's mother's house, joy flashed in her eyes, "her cheeks burned like a dawn on a clear summer evening." Sometimes it seems that Lisa seems to be woven from natural threads. They, intertwined in this image, create their own special, unique pattern, which is liked not only by the narrator, but also by us, the readers. But these threads are not only beautiful, but also very fragile. To destroy this splendor, you just need to touch it. And it will melt in the air like morning mist, remaining on the grass only droplets of tears. It is possible that this is precisely why in the water element, “Lisa, beautiful in soul and body, died.”
And only Erast, who was in love with a girl, could break this beautiful vessel. With his image, O. B. Lebedeva connects the “terrible bulk of houses”, “greedy Moscow”, shining with “gold of domes”. Like nature, the city first enters the narrative with the help of the image of the author, who, despite the "terrible" epithets, still admires him and his surroundings. And, as mentioned above, the city and nature, although they contrast, do not “enmity” with each other. This can be seen in the image of Erast, a city dweller. "... Erast was a rather rich nobleman, with a fair mind and a natural heart, kind by nature, but weak and windy." In the last words, there is a clear opposition between the natural and the urban, both in the description of the appearance of the main characters and in the description of the situation. Natural nature gives strength, kindness, sincerity. And the city, on the contrary, takes away these natural qualities, leaving instead weakness, frivolity, windiness.
The world of the city lives according to its own laws, which are based on commodity-money relations. It cannot be denied, of course, that they sometimes play a decisive role in this living space. However, it is they who destroy the young and natural soul of Lisa. She could not understand how ten imperials can be used to value the boundless spiritualized natural feeling - love. Money plays a decisive role for Erast himself. Frivolity and frivolity, brought up by the city, lead the life of a young man. After all, even in war, instead of fighting the enemy, he plays cards with friends, as a result of which he loses "almost all his estate." The world of the city builds love relationships only on "favorable" conditions for both parties, as Erast does. The widow in love got her lover, the "poor" Erast - maintenance and money for expenses.
The urban theme is found in the work not only in the image of the protagonist. It also includes other content. The author at the beginning of the story says that he is more comfortable with the place "on which the gloomy, Gothic towers of the Si ... new monastery rise." The monastic atmosphere brings back memories of the history of our fatherland. It is the walls of the monastery and the city that are reliable keepers of the memory of past times. And the city in this way, under the author's pen, comes to life, spiritualizes. "...Unfortunate Moscow, like a defenseless widow, expected help from one god in her fierce disasters." It turns out that there is a sensual component in the urban image, which is typical for natural images.
The urban world lives according to its own laws, and this is the only way it can live and develop further. The author of the story does not condemn this situation, but he shows its destructive effect on an ordinary person and destroying it on a natural one. And at the same time, it is the city walls that are able to preserve the memory of past centuries for many centuries. This is how the world of the city becomes so multifaceted in the story "Poor Lisa". The natural world is more colorful, but less diverse. It contains all the most beautiful and spiritual on earth. He is like a fount that stores precious treasures. Everything that comes into contact with this world comes to life, and does not turn to stone.
/ / / The role of the landscape in Karamzin's story "Poor Lisa"
In the tragic, but at the same time, beautiful story by Karamzin "Poor Lisa", the landscape plays a very significant role. His "versatility" is shown throughout the work. Depending on the plot, the picture of what is happening around changes. Quiet and serene weather, can be replaced by gusts of wind, thunder. They become a harbinger of impending trouble in the already difficult fate of the main character. This addition is significant and confirms Lisa's subtle spiritual connection with the outside world.
A girl from a simple and poor family falls in love with a wealthy man - Erast. At the moments of their first dates and the emergence of feelings, all nature, as if in unison, also blooms. The author conveys to the reader in detail through descriptions of the landscape, the state of mind and values of the characters.
Initially, both Erast and live in different "worlds". Erast is in a city where everything has been “bought and sold” for a long time, Lisa is in harmony with the surrounding reality, virtue and modesty. The author knowingly adds descriptions of temples and cathedrals to the story. They symbolize the strong faith of the girl and the entire Russian people in a higher power, in justice, in love ...
Each of the dates of young people is accompanied by amazing landscapes that personified the beauty and innocent thoughts of the heroes. The author chooses places for them that correspond to their state of mind. However, when closeness happens between Erast and Lisa, nature reacts to this in a completely different way. The weather deteriorates and a thunderstorm begins. What could this mean? It is possible that the heroes have gone beyond the fine line of what is permitted. Maybe they were destined to experience only “brotherly” feelings for each other until the end of their lives.
Each of them had their own destiny and possibly a long and happy life. After all, both Erast and Lisa certainly deserved it. The environment that surrounded young people greatly influenced their perception and perception of a particular situation.
Simple and respectable Lisa was brought up in modesty. She was surrounded by endless Russian expanses, churches, and serene nature. This laid the foundation for her natural character, breadth of soul and sincerity of relations to all living things. The author wanted to show her to the reader as an immaculate angel - a certain ideal of purity.
However, he was surrounded by luxury and wealth all his life. Gilded domes, ladies in luxurious dresses and social events - all this, of course, has become the norm and the way of life. A man is used to measuring everything with money, expensive gifts and “necessary acquaintances”. All this is noted by the author for a reason. He gives the reader information for reflection and does not want any of the characters to be condemned. Both Erast and Liza deserved this love. None of them imagined that everything could end so tragically. Even the signs sent from above could not affect the fate of the heroes. They both remained unhappy because of the bitter loss of the brightest feeling in the world.
Well inscribed landscape throughout the story, made a holistic picture of the life of both characters. As a result, he became an unwitting witness to both the happiness and tragedy of young people.
