Through travel, geography sees, describes itself. Travel is writing in motion, generating images of countries, cities, localities, penetrating into literature, changing it. Literature, in turn, creates genres and canons - the framework for understanding the images of travel.
The role of travel in Russian literature cannot be overestimated. Through literary works (and texts that have become such), Russia realized and comprehended vast, poorly developed spaces. Russian literature developed, shaking in a carriage, in a tarantass, on a cart along dusty lanes and highways. Hence the importance for her understanding of travel notes, letters, essays, diaries. Travel has transformed the classical forms of the novel, short story, and short story: plots are often "strung" on wholly (partially) fictional journeys. A brilliant collection of such Russian classics is formed by Gogol's "Dead Souls" with the epigone "Tarantass" by V. Sollogub, "Chevengur" by Platonov, "Lolita" by Nabokov, "Moscow-Petushki" by Venedikt Erofeev. Traveling gave birth to works that surpassed travel diaries and letters in power. The Letters of a Russian Traveler by Karamzin still belong to the era of sentimentalism and owe a lot to Stern (as well as subsequent imitations). Radishchev with "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow", Goncharov with "Pallada Frigate" and Chekhov with "Sakhalin Island" turned the journey into a special genre and a way of self-knowledge of writers. Radishchev's route became sacred.
There are two types of travel in terms of significance for Russian literature: 1) the plot type, which changes the structure of literary forms, 2) the genre (setting) type, which changes the ideological structure of literature. The purity of the typology is violated by the works of travelers and geographers (most often to Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East): Przhevalsky, Grumm-Grzhimailo, Potanin, Pevtsov, Kozlov, and others. The influence of their descriptions is rather stylistic. Nabokov in the novel The Gift did not hide it, and the novel lives on with the sense of the way inherent in the great Russian travelers.
How did the images of travel penetrate into the thickness of Russian literature, changing its image? Let me preliminarily note that this penetration led, as a rule, to an increase in the power of literary works. There are three main eras: before the beginning of the XIX century. (conditionally - pre-Pushkin), from the beginning of the XIX century. until the 1910s, from the 1910s to the present. In the pre-Pushkin era, travel is a dry inventory of wayposts, dishes on tables and exotics of near and far countries. Afanasy Nikitin is a rare exception. The journey passes with half-closed eyes; the letter itself does not yet know how to move well.
The golden age of travel in Russian literature is divided into two parts. The years 1800-1830 are characterized by the growth of travel descriptions performed by journalistic and literary means. This is the era of expansion. Formerly tongue-tied, Russian literature acquired a language, a voice, a color. Simultaneously with the expansion of the territory of the empire, works of literature appear, mastering new regions and countries. Pushkin set the tone with his Journey to Arzrum. The conquest of the Caucasus gave rise to the genre of novels and short stories, especially the Caucasian stories of Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. Foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1815. revived the interest of the noble elite in the politics and culture of European countries. It becomes the subject of literary descriptions. Later, the novels of Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Goncharov were written (in passing they described the images of the host countries). A genre of descriptions of travels to the Holy Land (Palestine) arose, which did not become literary events.
The second part of the golden era of travel - 1840-1910s. In the 1840s, Russian literature began to master all the wealth of travel. The basis was the genre of "physiological" essays on the manners, life of cities and localities in Russia (here Lermontov managed to mark himself with the essay "Caucasian"). Professional essay writers and writers appeared who devoted themselves to travel, their "physiology", the smells of space, and so on. One of the pioneers of this genre was the poet, translator and publicist Alexander Rotchev. Classics of the genre - works by V. Botkin ("Letters from Spain"), S. Maksimov, Vlad. Nemirovich-Danchenko, E. Markov. The greatest success was achieved by the beginning of the 20th century. Vasily Rozanov, whose essays about the Volga (“Russian Nile”), about travels to Italy, Germany, the Caucasus are still read in one breath. His student at the Yelets Gymnasium M. Prishvin was not inferior to him with essays on the Russian North. The genre survived until the 20th century, although it lost its former positions. In Soviet times, K.G. managed to preserve the romance of the genre. Paustovsky.
The golden time of travel in Russian literature is adventure, exoticism, romance. A number of descriptions were born as a result of dizzying travels, sometimes unintentional. These are the descriptions of Alexander Rotchev. In the pre-Pushkin era, the merchant Efremov, who was captured in the Kirghiz-Kaisak steppes, distinguished himself. “Arabesque”, adventurous style of writing was preserved by Osip Senkovsky in the 1840s, and by the end of the era, by N. Gumilyov, who traveled in Africa and wrote a number of poetic and geographical cycles. Forced travel (link) has become a source of descriptions of the snowy expanses of North Asia. Started by Radishchev, the trips to Siberia by the Decembrists have become a cult for writers and essayists.
Around the 1910s, a new era began in the relationship between Russian literature and travel. Now travel means an inner search, an experiment with literary writing, sometimes with one's own life. Images of travel pass into literature: A. Bely, V. Khlebnikov, O. Mandelstam, A. Platonov and B. Pasternak subordinate the literary rhythm to the rhythm of travel. Bely and Mandelstam happily coincided in the descriptions of Armenia. In the notes "Reading Pallas" Mandelstam caught the structure, the basics of travel writing. Khlebnikov literally put his life on a geographical map - a case of geoliterature. Pasternak's early prose and poetry breathe images of the path. In the novel "Doctor Zhivago" the poet connected the fate of the heroes with a trip to the Urals. tradition in the second half of the 20th century. Joseph Brodsky continued. A number of his poems and essays are flowing images of St. Petersburg, Venice, Crimea, England, America.
How did Russian literature perceive the geographical images of travel? In the golden time of travel, she loved them "childishly": the brightness of landscapes, landscapes, sketches of everyday scenes and customs - this is rather naturalistic painting, ethnographic cinema. They revived the picture of comparing the politics and culture of Russia with other countries - especially if the traveler was a Westerner or a Slavophile (A.S. Khomyakov's description of London). The writer's interest in traveling as an opportunity to comprehend his life and his own country is emerging. If the writer emigrated, the transformation of interest became simply necessary. Pecherin's Grave Notes, Herzen's memoirs and letters confirm that their travels in Russia are reflected in their travels in Europe.
By the end of the XIX century. "Children's love" of Russian literature for travel passes. Images of travel go back to childhood and youth of memoirs, novels, stories of Russian writers. Preserving a part of the exotic, the wanderings of childhood and youth evaluate the hero's life path as if through a magnifying glass. Hence the multicolored, "subjective" and postfactum cruelty of travel descriptions. The "flash" effect is activated. Geographical images personify the twists of fate in Gorky's early stories, Korolenko's memoirs, Bunin's Life of Arseniev, and Paustovsky's Tale of Life.
Having let in the images of travel, Russian literature could not help but change. After Khlebnikov, Mandelstam, Platonov, geographical images became a natural literary means of expressing attitudes towards the world. Travel has become a convenient literary device and a powerful literary metaphor. Books by P. Weill and A. Genis, V. Aksenov, A. Bitov and V. Pelevin confirm this. Real areas and countries can be mixed with fictional ones, space and path are often independent characters that determine the plots. Travel itself, as an archetype image, entered within literature, becoming the basis of almost all literary genres.
One of the sources of inspiration for discovering new countries for me is travel books.
Sometimes I read them (in electronic form), but most often I listen to them in audio format, especially regularly I get to do this during my morning run.
I listen to completely different books - from books on business and self-development to fiction and, of course, travel books occupy a significant part of them.
And now, for the last couple of weeks, a terrible desire has been living in me to go to Europe, to a moto or auto trip - it doesn’t matter, the main thing is to Italy, namely to Sicily!
Why is that? This book has inspired me! She inspired me and I thought that I had listened to and read more than a dozen books that might be of interest to many, so I decided to make a list of my favorite books, one way or another related to travel topics. So, I present to your attention the TOP 20 travel books that can inspire, make you get up and hit the road.
1. Matthew Fort "Sicily: Sweet honey, bitter lemons"
I recently finished listening to the travel book Sicily: Sweet Honey, Bitter Lemons. The author talks about his adventures so appetizingly that it’s insanely difficult not to get on a Vespa scooter and rush around the island or to the foot of the volcano, visiting small villages everywhere.
Although, perhaps this book hooked me because once I was already planning our trip to Sicily, making up a route, but at the very last moment we changed plans and went to Spain, to the Canary Islands. And Sicily remained like an unfulfilled dream that slipped right out of my hands.
The whole book, from cover to cover, is saturated with the Sicilian spirit, but special attention is paid to Sicilian cuisine, its features and differences from Italian. True, the author approached the culinary section so responsibly that sometimes it seemed to me that I was not reading a fiction book, but a manual on how to become a chef of Sicilian cuisine.
For example, in one of the chapters, the author talks in detail about how to properly cook ricotta cheese, and with all the details - for example, from which regions and in which month it is best to buy goat milk, how much milk is kept on fire, etc. When under the impression, I told Lyosha about this (this topic is close to him not only because he also loves cheese very much, but also because he sometimes cooks it, as well as various ones). Lyosha laughs - how interesting it is for me to listen to a cookbook while jogging :))
The only thing is that this book, in my opinion, is still better to read than to listen to. Sometimes recipes can be skipped or glimpsed in passing, otherwise there are too many of them. Well, I don’t recommend listening to it on an empty stomach either, although she repeatedly urged me to rush to my favorite Italian cafe, and every time the book comes up with a trattoria, I remember with a smile
And while listening to the second part, there was a surprise, we met a live Shantaram! Not with the one, of course, about whom this book is written, but with a man who also visited a Mumbai prison.
We listened with open mouths to his story about 6 terrible long months, which he spent among several hundred other prisoners (mostly Indian criminals), while waiting for his trial, and he spoke quite calmly.
However, in fairness, it is worth noting that after closer communication, it turned out that this is a multifaceted and versatile person with an interesting fate and the prison episode is far from the only thing he can talk about. But nevertheless, the rest of the book, the main character of the book in my imagination had the features of a very real person.
I must say right away that the book is not simple and rather voluminous, 800 pages. But it is incredibly strong and deep.
5. Heinrich Harrer "Seven Years in Tibet"
This is an autobiographical book of a climber and traveler with burning eyes and a strong desire to fulfill the mission of the expedition, overcoming all obstacles on the way to the cherished peak.
The book tells the story of Henry's acquaintance with the little Dalai Lama. I immediately fell in love with the Tibetans, it describes their culture, traditions and all those parting words of the Dalai Lama, which he teaches to this day, but which, alas, are incomprehensible to many militant countries / people.
The film of the same name is also very good - the Himalayas, Tibetan Lhasa immerse you even more into the atmosphere of those times, introduce the inhabitants of Tibet to the simple life.
6. Adrian Anthony Gill "On all four sides"
These are the travelogues of a British journalist-critic. I have been reading it for almost a year)) Not because it is very large, not at all, it is just paper, and I have completely lost the habit of this format.
The last time we were in St. Petersburg, a friend gave it to me before leaving, so now I ride it with me around Asia, from time to time, I read a couple of chapters before going to bed.
The author is very extraordinary, describes countries from an unusual angle, which is hidden from many tourists and even from some experienced travelers. The story is told in a very interesting way, mainly about the countries of Africa, Japan, Cuba, America.
7. Ilf and Petrov "One Story America"
Before going to the States, I read the book by Ilf and Petrov "One-story America". Then we had slightly different plans - and a honeymoon
But the idea to do the same way is still alive, so I have no doubt that we will soon pass along their route, especially since there are already valid visas in the passport.
By the way, it started in October and literally the other day it is already ending (we have been participating in it for the 3rd year already). If you are also interested in the idea of winning a residence permit in the United States, read what Lyosha wrote.
The book is very bright and lively, at the same time it is very easy to read, it is not overloaded with information, it is written with humor, the authors very accurately notice the peculiarities of Americans and their way of life.
Especially surprising for me were the living conditions of Americans, the development of infrastructure and services in the United States compared to what was happening at the same time in Russia - this book about traveling around America was written in 1935!
I’ll add a few more books about travel here - I haven’t read them yet, but some of them were recommended to me by like-minded friends, and about some I just heard rave reviews. So they are on my "to read" list.
11. Jack Kerouac "On the Road"
This is a cult book of the hippie era about such phenomena of American culture as cars and jazz. The author tells about the journey, about its hidden corners - the camp of migrant farmers and backyards
The book is based on real events, it tells about Christopher McCandles, who refused money, left successful career prospects and went to travel, climbing into the wilds, away from civilization.
After the book and movie, Alaska (where the novel's climax takes place) is gaining momentum, with more and more fans of the novel eager to see it for themselves.
13. Bill Bryson "Made in America"
I can't help myself, and it's always interesting to read about her. Moreover, the author is an American and tells everything about his country as it really is - from the origins of its development to our times.
14. Bill Bryson "Traveling in Europe"
According to reviews, this is also a rather interesting travel book that tells about non-tourist places in countries and cities popular with tourists. The book also talks about all sorts of tricks that help reduce the cost of travel, attractions and just living abroad.
15. Peter Mail "A Year in Provence"
A book about the life of expats in France, in one of the most picturesque corners - in Provence. About the difficulties they had to face when moving and how they overcome them day by day.
In principle, everything is quite simple - the life of expats, only with the amendment that this is France =) We have plans to live there for some time, perhaps this book will give some answers to questions that have not yet appeared, it may increase desire and lead to action , or maybe, on the contrary, it will weaken, we'll see 🙂
16. Karin Müller "Taste of coca leaves"
This book interested me primarily in the countries about which the story is being told - Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. They are very attractive, tempting and each interesting in its own way.
So a book about the culture, traditions and other difficulties in North Africa that a respectable Englishman had to face, who moved to Morocco with his family from London.
Even having bought a house in Casablanca and having learned Arabic, it is very difficult to become one of your own in this culture.
19. Greg Mortenson "Three Cups of Tea"
The book is about the brave determination of the hero to change the world alone, to help the Pakistani people who did not leave him in trouble while conquering the most difficult mountain.
20. Vladimir Yakovlev "Age of Happiness"
I wrote a separate review about this book, you can read it The book, or rather a colorful album, I read it with great rapture, some of the stories of the heroes struck me to the core, I gladly retold them to friends and parents.
This book is not about travel, its characters are vivid, living examples of people for whom everything is possible, despite their age.
The idea to include the book "The Age of Happiness" in this list came spontaneously. Just the other day, while traveling around Vietnam, we met cheerful old New Zealand women who came not just to “warm the bones” on the beaches of Vietnam, but to travel the whole country from south to north on their own.
We met them in the middle of the way - in Hoain 🙂 
Is age a barrier to travel?
In addition to books, I am also inspired by films and blogs / stories of friends about certain cities and countries. What source of travel inspiration do you have? What lights you up? Share your ideas in the comments?
P.S. Or maybe you have your own list of travel books in your piggy bank? Add in the comments!
No words about travel can replace the pleasure of the journey itself. Just push him. Therefore, we have collected 12 inspiring quotes that we hope will inspire you to your long-awaited accomplishments.
These are words from people who loved traveling as much as their profession.
“Three things make a person happy: love, interesting work and the opportunity to travel” (I. Bunin)
Photo: different-gallery.ru
Photo: drobs.ru 2 “My opinion about travel is brief: when traveling, do not go too far, otherwise you will see something that will be impossible to forget later” (Daniil Kharms)
Photo: cult-personality.rf
Photo: shutterstock.com 3 “Look at the world without glasses and curtains, with greedy eyes grab everything that is good in our land and what is good in the West” (V. V. Mayakovsky)
Photo: znaika.ru 
Lake Kuiguk, Altai. Photo: ytug.kiev.ua 4 “It is not guided tours that come to God, but lonely travelers” (Vladimir Nabokov)
Photo: thedailybeast.com 
Church of Santa Maria in Araceli in Rome. Photo: travelermap.ru 5 “Well, they say, travel is the best way to educate yourself in everything: the truth, exactly the truth! How much can you learn here? (Nikolai Chernyshevsky)
Photo: omg-mozg.ru 
Photo: huffpost.com 6 “Even in the summer, when you go on a voyage, take something warm with you, because how can you know what will happen in the atmosphere?” (Kozma Prutkov)
Photo: lounb.ru 
Photo: shutterstock.com 7 “What can be dearer to the heart of a traveler than the first minutes and hours spent in a country where you have never been before and about which you still know nothing?” (I. Ilf, E. Petrov)
Photo: ogurcova-portal.com 
Photo: shutterstock.com 8 “Wandering is the best thing in the world. When you wander, you grow, you grow rapidly, and everything that you see is deposited even on your appearance. People who traveled a lot, I recognize immediately from a thousand. Wanderings purify, intertwine meetings, centuries, books and love. They make us related to the sky. If we have received the unproven happiness of being born, then we must at least see the earth. (K. G. Paustovsky)
Photo: school-collection.edu.ru
Photo: shutterstock.com 9 “Going to Paris with your wife is like going to Tula with your own samovar” (A.P. Chekhov)
Photo: styleinsider.com.ua 
Photo: avramenkoelena.com 10 “There is nothing more useful for nerves than to go where you have never been” (A. Akhmatova)
Photo: see2me.ru 
Photo: shutterstock.com 11 “In order to truly understand that there is this or that country or this or that place, you have to go there in winter, of course. Because in winter life is more real, more dictated by necessity. In winter, the contours of someone else's life are more distinct. For a traveler, this is a bonus ”(Joseph Brodsky)
Photo: peoples.ru 
Photo: flickr by Angelo Amboldi
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“Everyone believes that life in Rus' is boring because of its monotony, and they travel from here abroad to have fun, while I affirm and will have the honor to prove to you that life is nowhere so replete with the most sudden varieties as in Russia. At least I am leaving here abroad precisely to calm down from the kaleidoscopic variegation of Russian life and I think that I am not the only specimen of my kind ”(N. S. Leskov)
Photo: online-lesson.ru 
Photo: egra.35photo.ru When reading travel books, you are always transported by thoughts to the place of action. And someone might want to visit these places in reality. Well, then read and choose.
1. Shantaram, Gregory David Roberts
The Australian writer based the plot on autobiographical events. The protagonist is a criminal who escaped from prison and was sentenced to 19 years for robbery and drug addiction. Using fake documents, he ends up in India, where, thanks to his sociability, he quickly makes new friends and acquaintances. On the one hand, he continues his criminal activities, committing petty scams. On the other hand, he lives in the slums, where he actively helps the locals. He is even given a new name, Shantaram, which means a peaceful person. The author devotes many pages of the novel to the description of beautiful India with its oriental charm.
2. On the Road, Jack Kerouac
The novel "On the Road" (you can still find such a name of it) for a long time was not accepted by any publishing houses. The author spent several years editing it. And despite the negative criticism, the work became a bestseller, and Kerouac was called a classic of American prose.The book tells about the travels of two bosom friends during the hippie era. They travel across America and other countries and continents. On the way, friends get to know life, smoke drugs, get drunk, philosophize, listen to jazz. One of my friends keeps a travel diary. These diaries were published in separate books.
3. The Power of Dreams, Jessica Watson
This is an autobiographical story about his own unique experience and records. Jessica had a dream about sailing around the world. Since the age of 14, she has been earning money by washing dishes to learn how to sail. And at 16, the girl makes a swim around the globe on a yacht. It glorifies her.The whole book consists of diaries of a seafarer. She holds the record in 2010 as the youngest athlete to complete a non-stop voyage around the world on a yacht, which lasted 2 years. Still, the dream has great power if the young girl managed to convince her parents, find sponsors and learn a new business. There is a lot to learn!
4. "Three Cups of Tea" by Greg Mortenson
The title of the novel is also the name of the protagonist. Do you still not believe that an unremarkable young man cannot change the world? Then read this piece. Greg was an ordinary nurse, and all his acquired property was placed in a storage room. At one fine moment, he got the idea to conquer Mount K2, which was considered very difficult. He decided to dedicate this ascent to his dead sister, but he almost died himself. He owes his salvation to the locals of one uncivilized village. The life of these people shocked the protagonist so much that he decides to open a school in Pakistan for poor children.
5. All Four Ways by Gill Adrian Anthony
This book is a collection of travel notes and stories of an English journalist. He travels to many countries and notices what is not visible to the eye of an ordinary traveler. The reader will see America, India, Cuba, Scotland, Japan, Africa in a new light. Is it true what the journalist describes? You might want to check this out for yourself.
6. A Year in Casablanca by Tahir Shah
The respectable British gentleman is tired of the crazy rhythm of life, of the capricious London weather, and indeed of civilization in general. He decides to run away with his family from this fuss to North Africa. He found a heavenly fragrant corner in Casablanca, but in life not everything is as simple as we would like. People don’t go to visit with their own samovar, and local rules must be observed in order to be respected and accepted as one of their own. For example, to be fluent in Arabic, to have your own harem, to eat pickled lemons and to be able to talk to genies.
7. Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer
The plot of the book is based on a true story. Young Christopher McCandles was brought up in a prosperous family and had excellent prospects in life. However, amid a quarrel with his parents, he donates $24,000 to his university and embarks on a journey. First, he traveled around America, then more and more moved away from civilization. In the end, fate brings him to Alaska, where he settles in an abandoned bus. Christopher leads a literally primitive way of life: he is engaged in hunting, gathering, fishing. But a fatal mistake occurs, as a result of which the story ends sadly.Jon Krakauer is one of the most widely read and respected writers in the US. This novel became a bestseller after its film adaptation, which caused a real pilgrimage of people to Alaska.
8. "One-story America", Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov
With the irony and humor inherent in these authors, the novel tells about the journey of two journalists from the USSR. On the new "Ford" they plowed America far and wide. Young people keep diaries in which they talk about encounters with both local residents and immigrants from the Union. They introduce the reader to the local color, traditions, nature, even celebrities. They managed to visit the White House, where they had a meeting with journalists, as well as Hollywood, where the travelers got acquainted with the production of films.
9. Eat Pray Love by Elizabeth Gilbert
This is an autobiographical work of the author, based on which the film of the same name was shot with D. Roberts in the title role. Like many people, one day Elizabeth realizes that she is living someone else's life. Divorce from her husband helps her decide to go on a world tour just to learn new things, to know herself. And she succeeds. Cheerful Italy gives her pleasure. In mysterious India, the heroine learns religion. And exotic Indonesia helps to find harmony. In all this, Gilbert finds love. Quite sentimental, but a light work loved by readers.
10. The Beach, Alex Garland
A dystopia by a British writer about three travelers looking for heaven on earth. Young people are tired of the bustle of the urban jungle and civilization with morals and limits. They go in search of a quiet cozy place, without any plans, routes, tickets. It would seem that they managed to find a society far from civilization, with its own rules and outlook on life. But is someone else's life so rosy? And what does this letter with a map, signed simply "beach" mean?The film of the same name based on the novel was filmed by Hollywood in 1999 with L. DiCaprio in the title role.
literary genre Travel Has two varieties. 1. These are various descriptions by an eyewitness traveler of the geographical, ethnographic and social appearance of the countries and peoples he saw, that is, documentary travels. They have, as a rule, cognitive and aesthetic value, especially those written in an era when prose had not yet been divided into artistic and scientific ones, for example, A. Nikitin's "Journey Beyond the Three Seas", created in the Middle Ages.
2. Travel is also a genre of works, the plot and composition of which are presented and built as documentary travels. Artistic genre Travel It was formed under the influence of travel stories and records of the travelers themselves. A significant role in its development was played by the legends that arose on the basis of these stories and records. In world and Russian literature, the methods of describing a documentary journey in the form of a travel diary and essay are widely used. The motive of wandering has always been widespread in many genres of artistic poetry and prose. Fascinating travel descriptions of the era of the Great geographical discoveries of the XV-XVI centuries, expeditions of the XVII-XVIII centuries made the trip the most popular in fiction. At this time, pirate and socio-utopian novels are created in the form of travel diaries, notes or memories of amazing countries. The genre of the enlightening travel novel was formed.
Such a novel made it possible to widely introduce its contradictions into the image of modern society (“Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by N. A. Radishchev). Genre Travel Involved in many literary movements.
Sentimentalists mainly used the form of a diary, which most fully conveys the moods and experiences of a “sentimental” traveler, for example, “Letters from a Russian Traveler” by N. M. Karamzin.
Romantic writers often turned to the topic of travel. They developed the genre of lyrical travel essay, in which the romantic hero, disappointed in his contemporary society, travels to distant lands. The journey reflects various aspects of the material and spiritual life of people, the author's lyrical reflections on the history and culture of the country, sketches of mores and customs, typical everyday scenes.
All this also attracts realist writers, in whose work all varieties of this genre are used. Numerous adventure travel novels were created in the 19th century.
They also include scientific information. In the 20th century, it is firmly included in the content of works, new variants of the travel essay genre appear: a travel report, a guidebook, social topics are intensified. An example of the travel genre in Russian literature is “Journey to Arzrum” by A.S.
Pushkin, “The frigate “Pallada” by I. A. Goncharov, “From the circumnavigation of the world” by K. M. Stanyukovich, foreign essays by F. M.
Dostoevsky, "Sakhalin Island" by A.P.
Chekhov, “In the land of fearless birds”, “Behind the magic bun” by M. M.
Prishvin, “My Discovery of America” by V. Mayakovsky, “Lessons from Armenia” by A. Bitov, “Sakura Branch” by V. Ovchinnikov, “Dersu Uzala” by V.
Arsenyev and others. Of the documentary scientific and geographical travels of the 19th century, the travels of N. Przhevalsky and N. Miklukho-Maclay deserve special attention. A school essay can be written in the genres of a travel essay or travel notes. The topic can be journalistic or related to literary local history.
Approximate memo for writing an essay in the genre Travel:- the theme of the essay is formulated; - the goal is determined (to give the reader information, to evoke certain feelings in him: joy, pride in the homeland; to form high moral qualities, the desire to overcome negative phenomena, etc.); - describes what he saw, states the facts and events; - expresses his attitude to the above, you can present other points of view; - the style of presentation is chosen (journalistic, artistic, or a combination of both, depending on the content).
