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Makar chudra conflict of the work. Analysis of "Makar Chudra" Gorky

Makar chudra conflict of the work. Analysis of "Makar Chudra" Gorky

30.09.2021

A damp, cold wind was blowing from the sea, spreading across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splashing of a wave running ashore and the rustling of coastal bushes. Occasionally his impulses brought with them shriveled, yellow leaves and threw them into the fire, fanning the flames; the darkness of the autumn night that surrounded us shuddered and, timidly moving away, revealed for a moment on the left the boundless steppe, on the right the endless sea and directly opposite me the figure of Makar Chudra, an old gypsy, he guarded the horses of his camp, spread out fifty paces from us. Ignoring the fact that the cold waves of the wind, having opened his chekmen, exposed his hairy chest and beat it mercilessly, he reclined in a beautiful, strong pose, facing me, methodically sipped from his huge pipe, blew thick clouds of smoke from his mouth and nose and, fixing his eyes somewhere over my head into the deadly silent darkness of the steppe, he talked to me without stopping and without making a single movement to protect himself from sharp blows of the wind. So you go? It's good! You have chosen a glorious fate for yourself, falcon. That's the way it should be: go and see, you've seen enough, lie down and die that's all! Life? Other people? he continued, having listened skeptically to my objection to his “this is how it should be.” Ege! And what do you care about that? Are you yourself not life? Other people live without you and will live without you. Do you think that someone needs you? You are not bread, not a stick, and no one needs you. Learn and teach, you say? Can you learn how to make people happy? No you can not. You turn gray first, and say what you need to learn. What to teach? Everyone knows what he needs. Those who are smarter take what they have, those who are dumber get nothing, and everyone learns by himself... They are funny, those people of yours. They huddle together and crush each other, and there are so many places on earth, he waved his hand wide towards the steppe. And everything works. What for? To whom? Nobody knows. You see how a man plows, and you think: here he is, drop by drop with sweat, exudes his strength on the ground, and then lies down in it and rots in it. Nothing will be left for him, he sees nothing from his field, and he dies as he was born, a fool. Well, he was born then, perhaps, to dig the earth, and to die, without even having time to dig out his own graves? Does he have a will? Is the expanse of the steppe understandable? Does the voice of the sea wave gladden his heart? He is a slave as soon as he was born, a slave all his life, and that's it! What can he do with himself? Only to strangle himself, if he grows a little wiser. And I, look, at fifty-eight I saw so much that if you write all this on paper, you won’t put it in a thousand bags like yours. Come on, tell me, in what regions have I not been? And you won't say. You don't even know the places I've been. This is how you need to live: go, go and that's it. Do not stand in one place for a long time what is in it? Look how day and night run, chasing each other, around the earth, so you run away from thoughts about life, so as not to stop loving it. And if you think about it, you will fall out of love with life, it always happens like that. And it was with me. Hey! It was, falcon. I was in prison, in Galicia. "Why do I live in the world?" I thought out of boredom, boring in prison, falcon, uh, how boring! and longing for my heart took me, as I looked out of the window at the field, took it and squeezed it with tongs. Who's to say why he lives? No one will say, falcon! And you don't have to ask yourself. Live and that's it. And walk around and look around you, and that longing will never take. I almost choked myself with my belt, that's how! Heh! I spoke with one person. A strict man, one of your Russians. It is necessary, he says, to live not as you yourself want, but as it is said in God's word. Submit to God, and he will give you everything you ask of him. And he himself is full of holes, torn. I told him to ask God for new clothes. He got angry and drove me away, cursing. And before that he said that it is necessary to forgive people and love them. He would forgive me if my speech offended his grace. Also a teacher! They teach them to eat less, but they themselves eat ten times a day. He spat into the fire and fell silent, filling his pipe again. The wind howled plaintively and quietly, horses neighed in the darkness, a tender and passionate song-dumka floated from the camp. It was sung by the beautiful Nonka, Makar's daughter. I knew her voice of a thick, chesty timbre, always somehow strange, displeased and demanding, whether she sang a song or said “hello”. On her swarthy, matte face, the arrogance of the queen froze, and in her dark brown eyes, covered with some kind of shadow, a consciousness of the irresistibility of her beauty and contempt for everything that was not herself flashed. Makar gave me the phone. Smoke! Does the girl sing well? That's it! Would you like to be loved like this? No? OK! So be it do not trust the girls and stay away from them. Kissing a girl is better and more pleasant than smoking a pipe for me, but kissed her and the will died in your heart. She will bind you to herself with something that is not visible, but it is impossible to break it, and you will give her all your soul. Right! Watch out girls! Lie always! I love you, he says, more than anything in the world, but come on, prick her with a pin, she will break your heart. I know! Hey, how much do I know! Well, falcon, do you want me to tell you one story? And you remember it and, as you remember, you will be a free bird for your life. “There was Zobar in the world, a young gypsy, Loiko Zobar. All Hungary, and the Czech Republic, and Slavonia, and everything around the sea, knew him, he was a daring fellow! There was not a village in those parts of the world in which a heel or two of the inhabitants would not give an oath to God to kill Loiko, but he lived for himself, and if he liked the horse, then at least put a regiment of soldiers to guard that horse all the same, Zobar will prancing on it! Hey! who was he afraid of? Yes, if Satan came to him with all his retinue, if he hadn’t put a knife into him, he would probably have had a strong quarrel, and what the devil would give a kick in the snout that’s right! And all the camps knew him or heard about him. He loved only horses and nothing else, and even then not for long - he will ride, and he will sell, but whoever wants, take the money. He didn’t have the treasured you need his heart, he himself would tear it out of his chest, and he would give it to you, if only you would feel good about it. That's what he was, a falcon! Our camp wandered around Bukovina at that time, about ten years ago. Once at a spring night we are sitting: I, Danilo the soldier who fought together with Kossuth, and the old Nur, and all the others, and Radda, Danilov's daughter. Do you know my Nonka? Queen girl! Well, Radd cannot be compared with her - a lot of honor to Nonka! About her, this Rudd, you can’t say anything in words. Perhaps her beauty could be played on a violin, and even then to someone who knows this violin as his soul. She dried a lot of brave hearts, wow, a lot! In Morava, a magnate, an old, forelock, saw her and was dumbfounded. He sits on a horse and looks, trembling, as if in a flame. He was handsome, like the devil on a holiday, a zhupan was sewn with gold, on his side a saber sparkled like lightning, a horse stomped a little with his foot, all this saber was in precious stones, and blue velvet on his hat, like a piece of the sky, important was the old ruler! He looked, looked, and said to Rudda: “Hey! Kiss, I'll give you a purse of money. And she turned away, and only! “Forgive me, if I offended you, at least look kindly,” the old magnate immediately lowered his arrogance and threw a purse at her feet a big purse, brother! And she, as if by chance, kicked him in the dirt, and that's all. Oh, girl! he groaned, and with a whip on the horse only dust rose in a cloud. And the next day he showed up again. "Who is her father?" Thunder rumbles over the camp. Danilo left. “Sell your daughter, take what you want!” And Danilo and tell him: “It’s only the pans who sell everything, from their pigs to their conscience, but I fought with Kossuth and don’t trade anything!” He roared, and even for a saber, but one of us put a lit tinder in the horse's ear, and he carried off the young man. And we took off, and went. Day we go and two, we look caught up! “You are gay, he says, my conscience is clear before God and you, give the girl to me as a wife: I will share everything with you, I am very rich!” It burns all over and, like a feather grass in the wind, sways in the saddle. We thought. Come on, daughter, speak! said Danilo into his mustache. If an eagle voluntarily entered the raven's nest, what would she become? Radda asked us. Danilo laughed, and all of us with him. Nice, daughter! Did you hear, sir? It's not working! Look for the dove those are more pliable. And we went ahead. And that ruler grabbed his hat, threw it on the ground and galloped so that the earth trembled. That's what Radda was like, the falcon! Yes! So one night we sit and hear the music floating across the steppe. Good music! The blood caught fire in her veins from her, and she called somewhere. All of us, we felt, from that music wanted something like that, after which it would no longer be necessary to live, or, if you live, so kings over the whole earth, falcon! Here a horse cut out of the darkness, and a man sits and plays on it, driving up to us. He stopped by the fire, stopped playing, smiling, looking at us. Ege, Zobar, it's you! Danilo shouted to him joyfully. So here he is, Loiko Zobar! The mustache lay on the shoulders and mingled with the curls, the eyes, like clear stars, burn, and the smile is the whole sun, by golly! It was as if he was forged from one piece of iron along with the horse. It stands all, as if in blood, in the fire of a fire and sparkles with its teeth, laughing! Damn me if I didn't love him as much as myself, before he said a word to me or just noticed that I, too, live in this world! Here, falcon, what kind of people there are! He will look into your eyes and fill your soul, and you are not at all ashamed of it, but also proud of you. With such a person, you yourself become better. Few, friend, such people! Well, okay, if not enough. There would be a lot of good things in the world, so they would not even consider it good. So that! And listen further. Radda and says: “Well, Loiko, you are playing! Who made you such a sonorous and sensitive violin? And he laughs: “I did it myself! And I made it not from wood, but from the breast of a young girl whom I loved deeply, and I twisted the strings from her heart. The violin lies a little more, well, yes, I know how to hold a bow in my hands! It is known that our brother tries to immediately cloud the eyes of the girl, so that they do not set his heart on fire, but they themselves would turn sad for you, that's Loiko too. But attacked the wrong one. Radda turned away and, yawning, said: “They also said that Zobar is smart and dexterous, people lie!” and walked away. Ege, beauty, you have sharp teeth! Loiko's eyes flashed as he dismounted. Hello, brothers! Here I am to you! We ask the guest! Danilo said in response to him. We kissed, talked and went to bed ... We slept soundly. And in the morning, we look, Zobar's head is tied with a rag. What is it? And this horse killed him with a sleepy hoof. Eh, eh, eh! We understood who this horse was, and smiled into his mustache, and Danilo smiled. Well, wasn't Loiko worth Radda? Well, I do not! No matter how good the girl is, but her soul is narrow and shallow, and even though you hang a pound of gold around her neck, all the same, it’s better than what she is, not to be her. Ah, okay! We live and live in that place, things were good for us at that time, and Zobar is with us. It was a friend! And wise, like an old man, and knowledgeable in everything, and understood Russian and Magyar letters. It used to go to say would not have slept for a century, listened to him! And it plays thunder kill me, if anyone else in the world played like that! He used to draw a bow along the strings and your heart would tremble, he would hold it again and it would freeze, listening, and he would play and smile. And I wanted to cry and laugh at the same time, listening to him. Now someone is moaning bitterly for you, asking for help and cutting your chest like a knife. But the steppe tells the sky tales, sad tales. The girl is crying, seeing off the good fellow! A good fellow calls the girl to the steppe. And suddenly gay! A free, lively song rumbles like thunder, and the sun itself, just look, will dance across the sky to that song! That's it, falcon! Every vein in your body understood that song, and all of you became a slave to it. And if Loiko would have shouted then: “To the knives, comrades!” then we would all go to the knives, with whom he would point. He could do everything with a man, and everyone loved him, loved him deeply, only Radda alone does not look at the guy; and all right, if only this, otherwise he would make fun of him. She touched Zobar's heart hard, something hard! Grinding his teeth, pulling his mustache, Loiko, his eyes look darker than the abyss, and sometimes they sparkle so much that it becomes scary for the soul. Loiko will go far into the steppe at night, and his violin cries until the morning, cries, buries Zobar's will. And we lie and listen and think: what to do? And we know that if two stones roll at each other, it is impossible to stand between them - they will mutilate. And so it went. Here we sat, all in the assembly, and talked about business. It got boring. Danilo asks Loiko: “Sing, Zobar, a song, make your soul happy!” He moved his eye to Radda, who lay face up not far from him, looking at the sky, and struck the strings. So the violin spoke, as if it really was a girl's heart! And Loiko sang:

Gay gay! Fire burns in my chest
And the steppe is so wide!
Like the wind, my greyhound is fast,
My hand is strong!

She turned Rudd's head and, standing up, grinned in the eyes of the singer. It flared up like the dawn.

Hey, gop-gay! Well, my friend!
Let's jump ahead, shall we?
The steppe is dressed in a harsh haze,
And there the dawn awaits us!
Gay gay! Let's fly and meet the day.
Rise to the top!
Yes, just do not touch the mane
Beautiful moon!

Here he sang! Nobody sings like that anymore! And Radda says, as if sipping water: You wouldn’t fly so high, Loiko, you’ll fall unevenly, yes into a puddle with your nose, you’ll stain your mustache, look. Loiko looked at her like a beast, but did not say anything the guy endured and sings to himself:

Gay goop! Suddenly the day will come here
And we sleep with you.
Hey gay! After all, we are with you then
We will burn in the fire of shame!

It's a song! Danilo said. Never heard of it! such a song; Let Satan make his own pipe out of me, if I'm lying! Old Nur wiggled his mustache and shrugged his shoulders, and we all liked Zobar's dashing song! Only Radda didn't like it. So once a mosquito hummed, mimicking the scream of an eagle, she said, as if throwing snow at us. Maybe you, Radda, want a whip? Danilo reached out to her, and Zobar threw his hat on the ground, and he says, all black as earth: Stop, Danilo! Hot horse steel bits! Give me your daughter in marriage! Here's a speech! Danilo grinned. Take it if you can! Welcome! Loiko said and said to Radda: Well, girl, listen to me a little, but don't boast! I saw a lot of your sister, ege, a lot! None of them touched my heart like you did. Oh, Radda, you filled my soul! Well? What will be, it will be so, and ... there is no such horse on which it would be possible to ride away from oneself! .. I take you as a wife before God, my honor, your father and all these people. But look, my will cannot be crossed I am a free man and I will live the way I want! And he approached her, clenching his teeth, his eyes sparkling. We look, he extended his hand to her, here, we think, and put a bridle on the steppe horse Rudd! Suddenly we see, he waved his hands and hit the back of his head roar! .. What a wonder? Like a bullet hit the little one in the heart. And it was Radda who swept the belt whip over his legs, and pulled him towards her, that's why Loiko fell. And again the girl lies without moving, but smiles in silence. We are watching what will happen, but Loiko is sitting on the ground and clutching his head with his hands, as if he is afraid that it will burst. And then he got up quietly, and went into the steppe, not looking at anyone. Noor whispered to me, "Watch him!" And I crawled after Zobar across the steppe in the darkness of the night. That's right, falcon!" Makar knocked the ashes out of his pipe and started stuffing it again. I wrapped myself more tightly in my overcoat and, lying down, looked at his old face, black from sunburn and wind. Shaking his head severely and sternly, he whispered something to himself; his gray mustache moved, and the wind tousled his hair on his head. It looked like an old oak tree, burned by lightning, but still powerful, strong and proud of its strength. The sea whispered as before with the shore, and the wind still carried its whisper across the steppe. Nonka no longer sang, and the clouds gathered in the sky made the autumn night even darker. “Loiko walked leg by leg, hanging his head and lowering his hands like whips, and, having come to the beam to the stream, he sat down on a stone and groaned. He gasped so much that my heart bled with pity, but still he did not go up to him. Words of grief won't help right?! That's it! He sits for an hour, another sits, and the third does not stir - he sits. And I lie nearby. The night is bright, the moon flooded the entire steppe with silver, and everything is visible far away. Suddenly I see: Radda is hurrying away from the camp. I got fun! "Oh, it's important! I think daring girl Rudd! So she came up to him, he did not hear. She put her hand on his shoulder; Loiko shuddered, unclenched his hands and raised his head. And how he jumps up, yes for the knife! Wow, she will cut the girl, I see, and I was about to shout to the camp and run to them, suddenly I hear: Drop it! I'll break my head! I look: Radda has a pistol in her hand, and she aims at Zobar's forehead. That's Satan girl! Well, I think they are now equal in strength, what will happen next! Listen! Radda stuck a pistol in her belt and says to Zobar: I didn’t come to kill you, but to put up, drop the knife! He quit and frowningly looks into her eyes. It was amazing, brother! Two people are standing and looking at each other like animals, and both are such good, daring people. A clear month looks at them, yes I and that's it. Well, listen to me, Loiko: I love you! says Radda. He only shrugged his shoulders, as if bound hand and foot. I saw good fellows, and you are removed and more beautiful than their soul and face. Each of them would have shaved off his mustache - if I blinked his eye, they would all fall at my feet if I wanted to. But what's the point? They don't hurt too much anyway, and I would beat them all. There are few daring gypsies left in the world, few, Loiko. I have never loved anyone, Loiko, but I love you. Also, I love freedom! Will, Loiko, I love more than you. And I can't live without you, just as you can't live without me. So I want you to be mine, body and soul, do you hear? He chuckled. I hear! It's fun for the heart to listen to your speech! Come on, say more! And one more thing, Loiko: no matter how you turn around, I will overcome you, you will be mine. So don't waste your time my kisses and caresses are waiting for you... I'll kiss you hard, Loiko! Under my kiss, you will forget your daring life... and your living songs, which so delight the young gypsies, will no longer sound across the steppes you will sing love, tender songs to me, Radda... So don't waste your time, said I am this, which means that tomorrow you will submit to me as a senior comrade young man. You will bow at my feet in front of the whole camp and kiss my right hand, and then I will be your wife. That's what the damn girl wanted! This was never heard of; only in the old days it was like that among the Montenegrins, the old people said, but never among the gypsies! Come on, falcon, come up with something funnier? You’ll break your head for a year, you won’t invent it! Loiko sprang to the side and shouted to the whole steppe, as if he had been wounded in the chest. Radda trembled, but did not betray herself. Well, goodbye until tomorrow, and tomorrow you will do what I told you. Listen, Loiko! I hear! I'll do it, groaned Zobar and held out his hands to her. She didn't even look back at him, but he staggered like a tree broken by the wind and fell to the ground, weeping and laughing. That's how the damned Radda lured the young man. By force I brought him to myself. Ehe! What devil needs people to grieve? Who loves to listen to how the human heart groans, bursting with grief? Think here! I returned to the camp and told the old people about everything. We thought about it and decided to wait and see what will come of it. And there was this. When we all gathered around the fire in the evening, Loiko also came. He was confused and lost terribly weight during the night, his eyes were sunken; he lowered them and, without raising them, said to us: Here's the thing, comrades: I looked into my heart that night and did not find a place in it for my old free life. Radda lives there only and that's it! Here she is, the beautiful Radda, smiling like a queen! She loves her will more than me, and I love her more than my will, and I decided to bow at Radda's feet, so she ordered everyone to see how her beauty conquered the daring Loika Zobar, who before her played with girls, like a gyrfalcon with ducks . And then she will become my wife and will caress and kiss me, so that I won’t even want to sing songs to you, and I won’t regret my will! Is that right, Radda? He lifted his eyes and looked at her vaguely. She silently and sternly nodded her head and pointed to her feet with her hand. And we looked and did not understand anything. I even wanted to go somewhere, just not to see how Loiko Zobar falls at the feet of a girl - even if this girl and Radda. It was something ashamed, and pitiful, and sad. Well! Radda called out to Zobar. Ege, take your time, you'll have time, you'll get bored more... he laughed. Like steel rang, laughed. So that's the whole point, comrades! What remains? All that remains is to try whether my Radda has such a strong heart as she showed it to me. I'll try, forgive me, brothers! We didn't even have time to guess what Zobar wanted to do, and Radda was already lying on the ground, and Zobar's curved knife stuck in her chest up to the hilt. We are numb. And Radda pulled out the knife, threw it aside, and, holding the wound with a strand of her black hair, smiling, said loudly and distinctly: Farewell, Loiko! I knew you would do that!.. and died... Did you understand the girl, falcon ?! That's what, damn me for all eternity, the devilish girl was! Eh! Yes, and I will bow at your feet, proud queen! Loiko barked all over the steppe, and throwing himself to the ground, pressed his lips to the feet of the dead Radda and froze. We took off our hats and stood in silence. What do you say in such a case, falcon? That's it! Nur said: "We must tie him up! .." If Loiko Zobar's hands had not risen to knit, no one would have risen, and Hyp knew this. He waved his hand and stepped aside. And Danilo picked up the knife thrown aside by Radda, and looked at him for a long time, moving his gray mustache, Radda's blood had not yet frozen on that knife, and it was so crooked and sharp. And then Danilo came up to Zobar and thrust a knife into his back, just against the heart. The old soldier Danilo was also Radda's father! That's it! Turning to Danila, Loiko said clearly and left to catch up with Radd. And we watched. Radda was lying, her hand with a lock of hair pressed to her chest, and her open eyes were in the blue sky, and at her feet lay the daring Loiko Zobar. Curls fell over his face, and his face was not visible. We stood and thought. Old Danila's mustache trembled, and his thick eyebrows scowled. He looked at the sky and was silent, and Nur, gray as a harrier, lay face down on the ground and wept so that his old man's shoulders shook. There was something to cry about, falcon! ... You go, well, go your own way, without turning aside. Go straight ahead. Maybe you won't die in vain. That's it, falcon!" Makar fell silent and, hiding his pipe in a pouch, wrapped his chekmen around his chest. It was raining, the wind became stronger, the sea rumbled dull and angry. One by one, the horses approached the dying fire and, having examined us with large, intelligent eyes, stopped motionlessly, surrounding us in a dense ring. Hop, hop, ego! Makar called affectionately to them and, patting the neck of his beloved black horse with his palm, said, addressing me: It's time to sleep! Then he wrapped himself in a chekmen and, powerfully stretched out on the ground, fell silent. I didn't want to sleep. I looked into the darkness of the steppe, and in the air before my eyes floated the regally beautiful and proud figure of Radda. She pressed her hand with a lock of black hair to the wound on her chest, and through her swarthy, thin fingers blood oozed drop by drop, falling to the ground in fiery red stars. And behind her, the daring fellow Loyko Zobar swam on her heels; his face was covered with locks of thick black curls, and frequent, cold, large tears dripped from under them ... The rain intensified, and the sea sang a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud pair of handsome gypsies Loika Zobar and Radda, the daughter of an old soldier Danila. And they both circled in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, and the handsome Loiko could not catch up with the proud Radda.

Composition

1. Romantic stories by M. Gorky.
2. Composition of the story, plot, characters, conflict.
3. Resolution of the conflict. Author's position.

You go, well, go your own way, without turning to the side. Go straight ahead. Maybe you won't die in vain. That's it, falcon!
M. Gorky

The early stories of M. Gorky are called works of romanticism of the “new stage”. In the same row are his revolutionary-romantic "Makar Chudra", "Chelkash", "Old Woman Izergil", "Song of the Falcon", "Song of the Petrel". Their bright heroes are endowed with the main feature - a passion for freedom. This determines their actions. Based on the traditions of Russian classical literature, the writer puts a special pathos into his works: romance calls for action, struggle, and deeds. They were relevant as propaganda on the eve of the revolution and remain relevant now, because they contain wisdom.

The years of the author's wanderings in Russia gave him a great life experience. He wrote down his impressions in a travel notebook, and many plots later entered his works. "Makar Chudra" was the first published story by M. Gorky. It was he who, published in 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper "Caucasus", was first signed with this pseudonym. The story immediately drew attention to itself with vivid images and topical issues. Gorky told a legend he had heard during the journey about people who value independence and freedom more than anything in the world.

The story is constructed in an unusual way - the author uses a frame composition, this is the so-called "story within a story". The story begins with a dialogue between the old gypsy Makara Chudra and the narrator. The character of the narrator is special here. This is a dialogue where we do not hear the words of the narrator, and we do not see him himself, there are only replies from Makara Chudra.

Gorky's heroes are the embodiment of pride and audacity, solid characters, independent of their passions, beautiful and self-confident people. Old Makar says that for him the truth of life is in freedom. He was not born to be a slave, for him the will and expanse of the steppe are understandable, "the voice of the sea wave gladdens his heart." Makar believes that you need to live without stopping in one place and not thinking about life, so as not to stop loving it. No need to ask yourself why you live, otherwise longing will overcome. He does not understand the Russian, who advises him to live according to God's word and says that then God will give everything: why doesn't he himself ask him for new clothes to replace the torn ones? The gypsy tells the story, which "as you remember, you will be a free bird for your life." Freedom for him is the greatest value in the world.

This romantic legend helps us understand the hero's inner world and what he values. The daring little Loiko Zobar loved only horses, and then not for long - he had nothing cherished and he was not afraid of anything. This is how Makar Chudra characterizes him: “Damn me if I didn’t love him already, like myself, before he said a word to me or simply noticed that I also live in this world! Here, falcon, what kind of people there are! He will look into your eyes and fill your soul, and you are not at all ashamed of it, but also proud of you. With such a person, you yourself become better. Few, friend, such people! .. And wise, like an old man, and versed in everything, and he understood Russian and Magyar letters. It used to go to talk - a century would not sleep, listened to him! And he plays - thunder kill me, if someone else in the world played like that! He would draw a bow along the strings - and your heart would tremble, hold it again - and it would freeze, listening, and he would play and smile. And I wanted to cry and laugh at the same time, listening to him.

Beauty Rudd would not sell her freedom and pride for any money. When Zobar tells her of his love, she knocks him down with a belt whip. And then comes to him to reconcile. Here is what Radda Loiko says: “I have never loved anyone, Loiko, but I love you. Also, I love freedom! Will, Loiko, I love more than you. And I can't live without you, just as you can't live without me. So I want you to be mine, body and soul." Radda demands from the gypsy in love that he submit to her as the eldest, in full view of the whole camp. Gypsies are such a proud people that kneeling for them is like death. However, the hard-hearted Radda demands this from Loiko, promising him her love. Why is Rudd's "devil girl" behaving like this? Why is it difficult for Loiko to make his declaration of love? Heroes are freedom-loving and do not want to be subordinated to anything, even love passion. They do not recognize dependence even on a loved one, and therefore they talk about love and immediately fight for independence, for supremacy.

How do the gypsies feel about what is happening? They “even wanted to go somewhere, just not to see Loiko Zobar fall at the feet of a girl - even if this girl and Radda. I was ashamed of something, and sorry, and sad. How is the conflict resolved? What do the heroes choose? The end of the story is tragic. Loiko refuses to bow at her feet and plunges a knife into Radd, and then kneels before the dead girl. Before his death, Radda says that she knew that Loiko would do so, appreciating the fact that he did not give up his ideal for the sake of love, did not humiliate himself. Radda's father, Danilo, plunges the same knife into Loiko's back.

The landscape in the story conveys the feelings of the characters - "the sea sang a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud pair of handsome gypsies." A seascape with a strong cold wind, the silent darkness of the steppe, autumn rain, a fire flame - these sketches look like the frame of a legend. The author says that a person will only become a fighter if he has achieved inner freedom. Gorky gives Loiko the features and inclinations of a folk hero, ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of another person or for the sake of an idea.

The story of Zobar and Radda shows that they value freedom more than life and love. Everyone puts their own impossible conditions for a loved one. According to Makar Chudra, pride and love are incompatible, and more than anything in the world, a gypsy must protect their independence, even if it can only be preserved at the cost of their own lives. The narrator leads us to the idea that pride dooms a person to loneliness. And so the heroes become hostages of their freedom.

History of creation

The story "Makar Chudra" was published in the Tiflis newspaper "Kavkaz" dated September 12, 1892. For the first time, the author signed under the pseudonym Maxim Gorky. This story begins a romantic period in the writer's work. The romantic works of M. Gorky also include: the story "The Old Woman Izergil", "The Song of the Falcon" and "The Song of the Petrel", the poem "The Girl and Death" and other works of the writer.

In one of the letters to A.P. Gorky wrote to Chekhov: “Really, the time has come for the need for the heroic: everyone wants exciting, bright, such, you know, that it doesn’t look like life, but is higher, better, more beautiful. It is imperative that today's literature begin to embellish life a little, and as soon as it begins to embellish life, that is, people will begin to live faster, brighter.

The title of the story is related to the name of the main character. Makar Chudra is an old gypsy, a thoughtful philosopher who knows the essence of life, whose camp roams the south of Russia.

Genus, genre, creative method

The cycle of romantic works by M. Gorky immediately attracted the attention of critics and readers with its excellent literary language, the relevance of the topic, and an interesting composition (the inclusion of legends and fairy tales in the narrative). Romantic works are characterized by the opposition of the hero and reality. This is how the story "Makar Chudra" is constructed, the genre feature of which is "a story within a story". Makar Chudra acts not only as the main character, but also as a narrator. Such an artistic technique makes the narrative more poetic and original, helps to better reveal the ideas about the values of life, the ideals of the author and the narrator. The action of the story takes place against the backdrop of a raging sea, a steppe wind, and a disturbing night. This is the atmosphere of freedom. The narrator assigns himself the role of a wise contemplator of life. Makar Chudra is a skeptic who is disappointed in people. Having lived and seen a lot, he appreciates only freedom. This is the only criterion by which Makar measures the human personality.

Theme

The theme of the writer's romantic works is the desire for freedom. Makar Chudra also talks about will and freedom. The work is based on the poetic love story of Loiko and Radda, told by Makar Chudra. The heroes of a beautiful legend cannot choose between pride, freedom and love. Passion for freedom determines their thoughts and actions. As a result, both die.

Idea

The short story contains ideas of freedom, beauty and joy of life. Makar Chudra's thoughts about life testify to the philosophical mindset of the old gypsy: “Are you yourself not life? Other people live without you and will live without you. Do you think that someone needs you? You are not bread, not a stick, and no one needs you ... ". Makar Chudra speaks of the desire for inner freedom, freedom without restrictions, since only a free person can be happy. Therefore, the wise old gypsy advises the interlocutor to go his own way, so as not to "perish. in vain." The only value on earth is freedom, it is worth living and dying for it, - this is what the heroes of this story think. This is what dictated the actions of Loiko and Radda. In the story, Gorky performed a hymn to a beautiful and strong man. The desire for a feat, the worship of strength, the glorification of freedom is reflected in the story "Makar Chudra".

The nature of the conflict

For the old gypsy, the most important thing in life is personal freedom, which he would never exchange for anything. His desire for freedom is also embodied by the heroes of the legend told by Makar Chudra. Young and beautiful Loiko Zobar and Radda love each other. But in both the desire for personal freedom is so strong that they even look at their own love as a chain that binds their independence. Each of them, declaring his love, sets his own conditions, trying to dominate. This leads to a tense conflict, ending in the death of the heroes. ,

Main heroes

In the story, one of the main characters is the old gypsy Makar Chudra. The gypsy's wisdom is revealed through the legend about Loiko and Radda, who are in love. He believes that pride and love are incompatible. Love makes you humble and submit to your loved one. Makar talks about man and freedom: “Does he know the will? The expanse of the steppe concept? Does the voice of the sea wave gladden his heart? He is a slave - as soon as he was born, and that's it! In his opinion, a person born a slave is not capable of performing a feat. Makar admires Loiko and Radca. He believes that this is how a real person worthy of imitation should perceive life, and that only in such a life position can one preserve one's own freedom. As a real philosopher, he understands: it is impossible to teach a person anything if he himself does not want to learn, because "everyone learns by himself." He answers a question with a question to his interlocutor: “Can you learn how to make people happy? No you can not".

Next to Makar there is an image of the listener, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted. This hero does not take up much space in the story, but for understanding the author's position, intent and creative method, his significance is great. He is a dreamer, a romantic, feeling the beauty of the world around him. His vision of the world brings a romantic beginning, joy, boldness, an abundance of colors into the story: “A damp, cold wind blew from the sea, spreading across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splash of a wave running ashore and the rustle of coastal bushes; ... the darkness of the autumn night surrounding us shuddered and, timidly moving away, opened for a moment on the left - the boundless steppe, on the right - the endless sea ... ".

Of course, the romantic beginning lies in the heroes of a beautiful legend - young gypsies, who absorbed the spirit of a free life with their mother's milk. For Loiko, freedom, frankness and kindness are the highest value: “He loved only horses and nothing else, and even then not for long - he will ride, and he will sell, and whoever wants, take the money. He didn’t have a cherished one - you need his heart, he himself would tear it out of his chest, and he would give it to you, if only you would feel good about it. Radda is so proud that her love for Loiko cannot break her: “I have never loved anyone, Loiko, but I love you. Also, I love freedom! Will, Loiko, I love more than you. The irresolvable contradiction between Radda and Loiko - love and pride, according to Makar Chudra, can only be resolved by death. And the heroes refuse love, happiness and prefer to die in the name of will and absolute freedom.

Plot and composition

The traveler meets the old gypsy Makar Chudra on the seashore. In a conversation about freedom, the meaning of life, Makar Chudra tells a beautiful legend about the love of a young gypsy couple. Loiko Zobar and Radda love each other. But both have a desire for personal freedom above all else. This leads to a tense conflict, ending in the death of the heroes. Loiko yields to Radda, kneels in front of her in front of everyone, which is considered a terrible humiliation among the gypsies, and at the same moment kills her. And he himself dies at the hands of her father.

A feature of the composition of this story is its construction on the principle of "a story within a story": the author puts a romantic legend into the mouth of the protagonist. It helps to better understand his inner world and value system. For Makar, Loiko and Rudd are the ideals of love of freedom. He is sure that two wonderful feelings, pride and love, brought to their highest expression, cannot be reconciled.

Another feature of the composition of this story is the presence of the image of the narrator. It is almost imperceptible, but the author himself is easily guessed in it.

Artistic originality

In romantic works, Gorky turns to romantic poetics. First of all, it concerns the genre. Legends and fairy tales become the favorite genre of the writer during this period of creativity.

The palette of visual means used by the writer in the story is diverse. "Makar Chudra" is full of figurative comparisons that accurately convey the feelings and mood of the characters: "... a smile is a whole sun", "Loiko stands in the fire of a fire, as if in blood", "... she said that she threw snow at us" , “He looked like an old oak tree, burned by lightning ...”, “... staggered like a broken tree”, etc. A feature of the story is the unusual form of dialogue between Makar Chudra and the narrator. Only one voice is heard in it - the voice of the protagonist, and only from the replicas of this one speaker do we guess the reaction and replies of his interlocutor: “Learn and teach, you say?” This peculiar form of phrases serves the author to make his presence in the story less noticeable.

Gorky pays great attention to the speech of his heroes. So, for example, Makar Chudra, according to the gypsy tradition, interrupts his story with an appeal to the interlocutor, calling him a falcon: “- Ege! It was, a falcon ...”, “- There he was, a falcon! ..”, “- Here she is what Radda was like, a falcon! ..”, “That's right, a falcon! ..” In circulation “falcon” we see an image close to the gypsy spirit, the image of a free and bold bird. Chudra freely modifies some of the geographical names of the places where the gypsies roamed: "Galicia" - instead of Galicia, "Slavonia" - instead of Slovakia. In his story, the word “steppe” is often repeated, since the steppe was the main place of life for the gypsies: “The girl is crying, seeing off the good fellow! A good fellow calls the girl to the steppe...”, “The night is bright, the moon flooded the whole steppe with silver...”, “Loiko barked all over the steppe...”.

The author widely uses the technique of landscape sketches. The seascape is a kind of frame for the entire storyline of the story. The sea is closely connected with the state of mind of the characters: at first it is calm, only a "wet, cold wind" carries "across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splash of a wave running ashore and the rustle of coastal bushes." But then it began to rain, the wind grew stronger, and the sea rumbles muffled and angrily and sings a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud pair of handsome gypsies. In general, in nature, Gorky loves everything strong, impetuous, boundless: the boundless expanse of the sea and the steppe; a bottomless blue sky, now playful, now angry waves, a whirlwind, a thunderstorm with its rolling roar, with its sparkling brilliance.

A characteristic feature of this story is its musicality. Music accompanies the whole story about the fate of lovers. “You can’t say anything about her, this Rudd, in words. Perhaps her beauty could be played on a violin, and even then to someone who knows this violin as his soul.

The meaning of the work

The role of M. Gorky in the literature of the XX century. hard to overestimate. He was immediately noticed by JI.H. Tolstoy and A.P. Chekhov, V.G. Korolenko, endowing the young author with his friendly disposition. The value of the innovative artist was recognized by the new generation of writers, the general readership, and criticism. Gorky's works have always been at the center of controversy between supporters of different aesthetic trends. Gorky was loved by people whose names are included in the sacred list of the creators of Russian culture.

The origins of romantic works seem to be clear. What is absent in reality is sung in legends. Not certainly in that way. In them, the writer did not at all abandon his main sphere of observation - the contradictory human soul. The romantic hero is included in the environment of imperfect, and even cowardly, miserable people. This motive is strengthened on behalf of the storytellers whom the author listens to: the gypsy Makar Chudra, the Bessarabian Izergil, the old Tatar man, who conveys the legend "Khan and his son", the Crimean shepherd, singing "The Song of the Falcon".

The romantic hero was conceived for the first time as a savior of people from their own weakness, worthlessness, and sleepy vegetative existence. It is said about Zobar: “With such a person, you yourself become better.” That is why there are images-symbols of the "fiery heart", flight, battle. Majestic in themselves, they are further enlarged by the "participation of mother nature." She decorates the world with blue sparks in memory of Danko. The real sea listens to the "lion's roar" of the legendary waves that carry the call of the Falcon.

Meeting with an unprecedented harmony of feelings and deeds calls for the comprehension of things in some new dimensions. Such is the true influence of the legendary hero on the individual. This must be remembered and not replaced by the content of Gorky's romantic works with an unequivocal call for social protest. In the images of Danko, the Falcon, as well as in the proud lovers, the young Izergil, the spiritual impulse, the thirst for beauty are embodied.

Gorky was more concerned with reflections on what a person is and what a person should become than on the real path that lies to the future. The future was depicted as a complete overcoming of primordial spiritual contradictions. “I believe,” Gorky wrote to I.E. Repin in 1899 - into the infinity of life, and I understand life as a movement towards the improvement of the spirit. It is necessary that intellect and instinct merge in harmonious harmony ... ”Life phenomena were perceived from the height of universal ideals. Therefore, apparently, Gorky said in the same letter: “... I see that I don’t belong anywhere yet, to any of our “parties”. I am glad about this, because this is freedom.

The first printed work of Maxim Gorky was the story "Makar Chudra". An analysis of it allows us to understand that, despite his youth and inexperience, the author managed to organically depict the life of gypsies and convey the fullness of their feelings. For Gorky, wanderings through vast Russia were not in vain. The writer did not always have something to eat, but he did not part for a minute with a thick notebook in which he wrote down unusual stories, legends, some interesting events from the life of random companions.

Gypsy love story

Analysis of "Makar Chudra" shows the author of the work in the form of a romantic writer. The main character of the story is an old gypsy who is sincerely proud of his free life. He despises peasants who are already born slaves, whose mission is to dig in the ground, but at the same time they do not even have time to dig their own grave before death. The heroes of the legend told by Makar are the embodiment of the maximalist desire for freedom.

Radda and Loiko love each other, they are happy together, but they are too obsessed with personal freedom. An analysis of Makar Chudra shows that the main characters even looked at love as a hateful chain that fetters them and diminishes their independence. Confessing their love, young people set conditions for each other, while each of them strives to be the main one in a couple. Gypsies never kneel before anyone, this is considered a terrible humiliation, but Loiko yields to Radda and bows before her, immediately killing his beloved, and then he himself dies at the hands of her father.

Comparison of the value system of the gypsy and the narrator

Analysis of "Makar Chudra" shows that for the protagonist Radd and Loiko are the ideals of love of freedom. The old gypsy understands that the highest degree of pride and love cannot get along together, no matter how wonderful these feelings are. But he is sure that every person must defend his freedom, even at the cost of his own life. Gorky's story is interesting for the presence of a narrator in whose image the author himself is guessed. His influence on the work is imperceptible, but still sufficient for the writer to be able to express his own thoughts.

Gorky does not agree with all the judgments of the old gypsy. Makar Chudra (an analysis of the story shows the author's admiration for the heroes of the legend) does not receive direct objections from the narrator, but at the very end, summing up the story, the author says that young people have become slaves of their freedom. Pride and independence make people miserable and alone.

nokimi, because sometimes you still have to sacrifice your interests for the sake of relatives and loved ones.

Musicality of the story

An analysis of Makar Chudra shows how successfully the writer used the technique of landscape sketches. The frame of the whole story is the sea, which clearly expresses the feelings and state of mind of the characters. The work is filled with musicality, it is even said that one can only play the violin about the beauty of Radda. The story of Maxim Gorky immediately attracted attention with the brightness of images and a memorable plot.

The story "Makar Chudra", the analysis of which is given in this article, is one of the most famous works of the Soviet writer Maxim Gorky. It was first published in 1892 in the newspaper "Caucasus". Signed under the pseudonym M. Gorky.

History of creation

The story "Makar Chudra", an analysis of which you can read in this article, was written by Alexei Peshkov in 1892, when he was in Tiflis. At that time, the writer was just actively communicating with members of the revolutionary movement, first of all, with Alexander Kalyuzhny.

Kalyuzhny always listened attentively to the young man's stories about his wanderings, each time offering him to write them down so that he could later turn them into a story or story. Kalyuzhny was one of the first to whom Peshkov showed the manuscript of the story "Makar Chudra". The revolutionary took advantage of his acquaintances among journalists and attached the work to the Kavkaz magazine. The publicist Tsvetnitsky played a decisive role in this.

Many years later, in 1925, Gorky fondly recalled his literary debut in a letter to Kalyuzhny. He noted that he owed a lot to him, that he received an impetus, thanks to which for 30 years he had faithfully and devotedly served the national art.

The story "Makar Chudra" begins with a description of a romantic night by the sea. A fire is burning on the shore, an old gypsy, whose name is Makar Chudra, is sitting near the fire. It is he who tells the writer a fascinating story about the free gypsy people. At the same time, Makar strongly encourages others to beware of love. According to him, having fallen in love once, a person loses his will forever. In support of his words, he tells a true story, which formed the basis of this story.

In the story "Makar Chudra" the protagonist is a young gypsy named Loiko Zobar. He was known in many European countries, in which he was known as a noble horse thief. In the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia, many dreamed of taking revenge on him for the stolen horses and even killing him. Horses were his main passion in life, he earned money easily, did not appreciate them, he could immediately give to anyone in need.

Events began to develop around the camp, which stopped in Bukovina. There was a beautiful girl, Radda, who had already broken more than one heart. Her beauty could not be described in words, many young people dreamed of her, and one rich man even threw wads of money at her feet, begging her to marry him. Everything was in vain. Rudda always said only one thing. An eagle has no place in a crow's nest.

Zobar comes to the camp

From this article you will learn the plot of the story "Makar Chudra". The content is described in sufficient detail. Once Zobar came to this camp. He was handsome. Gorky writes that his mustache lay on his shoulders, mixed with curls, and his eyes burned like bright stars, his smile was like the sun. There was an impression that it was all forged from a piece of iron. He also played the violin, so much so that many immediately began to cry.

And this time he played, hitting everyone around him, even Radda. She praised his abilities, and he replied that his violin was made from the chest of a young girl, and the strings of the retinue were made by the best masters from her heart. The girl was not at all imbued with this romantic comparison, noting only that people obviously lie when talking about Zobar's mind. The young man had no choice but to marvel at the sharp tongue of this girl.

For the night, the gypsy stayed overnight with Danila, Radda's father. In the morning he amazed everyone around him by coming out with a rag that was tied around his head. He answered all the questions that he was hit by a horse. But everyone around thought that the matter was completely different, it was Rudd's fault.

Meanwhile, Loiko remained to live with the camp, in which at that time things were going very well. He conquered everyone with his wisdom, as if he had lived for more than a dozen years, and played the violin in such a way that everyone's heart skipped a beat. In the camp, he came to court so much that, at times, it seemed that people were ready to give their lives for him, they loved him and appreciated him. Everyone except Radda. And Zobar fell in love with the girl deeply. So I couldn't think of anything else. The surrounding gypsies saw everything, understood, but could not do anything. They only remembered the words of their ancestors that if two stones roll one on top of the other, then it is better not to stand between them, otherwise you can be maimed.

Song of the Zobar

One evening, Zobar performed a new song, from which everyone was delighted, they began to praise him. But Radda remained in her repertoire - she ridiculed Zobar. Her father already intended to teach her a lesson with a whip, but Loiko himself did not allow him to do this. Instead, he asked Danila to give her to him as a wife.

Although he was surprised at this request, he agreed, saying, take it if you can. After that, Zobar approached the girl and admitted that she won his heart and now he takes her as his wife. The only condition of their family life is that she should never, under any circumstances, contradict his will. Zobar stated that he is a free man and will always live the way he wants. At first, Radda pretended to resign herself, but then imperceptibly wrapped her whip around Loiko's legs and jerked sharply. Zobar fell as if knocked down. She just smiled slyly, stepped aside and lay down on the grass.

On the same day, the frustrated Zobar fled to the steppe. Makar went after him, fearing that in such a state he might do something stupid. He watched Loiko from a distance, without betraying himself. But he did nothing at all, but only sat motionless for three hours. After this time, Radda appeared in the distance. She approached Zobar. Offended, Loiko immediately tried to stab her with a knife, but she, in response, put a gun to his head and announced that she had come here not to quarrel, but to put up, because she also loved him. But at the same time, she admitted that even more than Zobara, she loves freedom.

The girl promised Loiko a night of love and hot caresses, but only on one condition. If he publicly, in front of the whole camp, he will kneel before her and kiss her right hand, recognizing her seniority in the family. Annoyed, Zobar shouted in impotence to the whole steppe, but his love for the girl was so great that he agreed to this condition, which was supposed to put an end to his love of freedom and respect in society.

Return to the camp

When Zobar returned to the camp, he approached the elders and confessed that he carefully looked into his own heart, but did not see the former free and free life there, nothing at all. There was only one Radda in it. Therefore, he accepts her condition and in the near future bows at her feet in front of the whole camp and kisses her right hand. In conclusion, he only noted that he would check whether the girl really had such a strong heart, which she loves to show off to everyone so much.

Neither the elders nor the rest of the gypsies had time to understand what these last words of Zobar meant. He grabbed a knife and stuck it right in the heart of the beauty, up to the hilt. Radda immediately pulled the knife out of her chest, plugged the bleeding wound with her long and beautiful hair, saying that she expected just such a death.

The knife was picked up by her father Danilo and stabbed Loiko right in the back, in front of his heart. Radda remained on the ground, clutching her wound with her hand, which bled rapidly, and at her feet lay the body of the dying Zobar. This ended the story that Makar Chudra told the writer.

The story ends with the writer's confession that after hearing what he heard, he could not sleep all night. He couldn't close his eyes and stared at the sea before him. Soon it began to seem to him that he sees the royal Raddah, who is walking on the waves, and after her, arms outstretched, Loiko Zobar is swimming right on the heels. They seemed to be circling in the darkness of the night, silently, slowly and smoothly. But no matter how hard Loiko tried, he could not catch up with Radd, all the time staying behind her.

Story analysis

First of all, it should be noted that the story "Makar Chudra", the analysis of which is given in this article, is the first printed work published by Alexei Peshkov. He signed it with a pseudonym, under which over time he became known to the whole world. Now everyone knows that the author of the story "Makar Chudra" is Gorky.

Before publishing his first work, Peshkov wandered around the country for several years. He strove to get to know Russia better, to get to know and communicate with as many people as possible. He set himself an ambitious task, to understand the secret of a vast country in which there are so many poor and disadvantaged people. He dreamed of understanding why the Russian people were suffering.

By the end of this journey, he had dozens of fascinating stories to his credit, which he willingly shared with numerous fellow travelers and people who met on his way. At the same time, during the journey itself, even a loaf of bread was not always in the knapsack of the future writer, not to mention something more substantial. But there was always a thick notebook in which he kept notes and observations about everything he saw and heard. He recorded his meetings with interesting people, the events that took place, the stories they told him. Later, it was from these notes that numerous stories and poems of the writer were born, many of which he managed to publish. This is how Gorky's "Makar Chudra" appeared.

Writer's romanticism

It is worth noting that the key direction in the story "Makar Chudra" is romanticism. This is typical for all the early works of Alexei Peshkov. In the center of the story, we see a typical romantic hero - Loiko Zobar. For him, as for the narrator Makar, the most important thing in this life is freedom. Personal freedom, which he is never ready to exchange for anything.

In his work, Gorky describes a typical idea of life and the world around him for most of the gypsies who met on his way. They sincerely believed that the peasants were slaves who were born only to dig in the ground, and at the end of their lives die without even having time to dig their own grave.

Their maximalist desire for freedom is also embodied in the heroes of this legend, which is given on the pages of the story "Makar Chudra". An analysis of this work helps to better understand this people, for whom freedom at a certain moment became more valuable than even life itself.

Heroes of the story

The main female character in the story "Makar Chudra" is Radda. This is a young, charming and beautiful gypsy. Crazy about her and Loiko Zobar, a famous violinist and horse thief. Young people love each other, but cannot afford to be together. Because in this case they will lose the most important thing that they have. Their personal freedom. In a relationship, you still have to choose which of the partners will be the leader and who will remain the follower. In this story, love and freedom are the main themes. Makar Chudra himself adheres to the same position in life, therefore, like most other inhabitants of the camp, he understands young people well.

Personal freedom means so much to them that they even look at their pure love as a chain that will still fetter their independence. Each of them, confessing his love, sets conditions, tries to dominate.

As a result, all this leads to a fatal conflict, which ends with the tragic death of both heroes. They find out their relationship in front of the whole camp. Loiko at first obeys the girl, kneels before her, recognizing her supremacy, and this among the gypsies is considered perhaps the most terrible humiliation. But as soon as he recognizes her independence, he immediately grabs a dagger and kills his beloved. Zobar himself, a minute later, dies at the hands of the girl's father, for whom this loss becomes a heavy and irreparable blow. Freedom and love in the story "Makar Chudra" become what distinguishes the heroes from most of those around them, distinguishes them from the crowd, but at the same time destroys them ahead of time.

Composition features

The main feature of the composition of this work is that the author puts the story into the mouth of the protagonist, who leads the story. Before us, the events of a romantic legend unfold, which helps to better understand the inner world of the characters and their value system.

In the story "Makar Chudra" problems are raised, relevant both at that time and now. What is more important for a person - love or personal freedom? For most of the characters in this work, freedom is more important than even their own lives.

Narrator Makar is convinced that love and pride are two wonderful feelings. But when they reach their highest expression, they are no longer able to reconcile with each other. In his view, a person must necessarily preserve his personal freedom, even at the cost of his life.

Another compositional feature is the narrator, who is almost invisible. We only know that Makar Chudra tells his story to him. The meaning that the author puts into this feature of the composition is that he does not agree with his hero. At the same time, he does not directly object to the gypsy. But at the end of the story, when he admires the sea, he shows his own opinion on this matter. He admires the pride and independence of the heroes, but at the same time he cannot accept the fact that these traits mean loneliness and the impossibility of being happy for them. The writer, and after him the author himself, believe that they are slaves of freedom.

Artistic techniques

To better convey his ideas to readers, the author uses a large arsenal of artistic techniques. For example, the seascape frames the entire storyline of the story. The image of the sea is directly related to the state of mind of the characters. At the beginning of the story, it is calm and peaceful, but over time everything changes, and when it starts to rain, the sea is already truly roaring. Silent and angry.

A striking feature of this work is its musicality. Throughout the story, Zobar plays the violin, conquering everyone around him.