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Museum Tretyakov Gallery. State Tretyakov Gallery Author of the Tretyakov Gallery

Museum Tretyakov Gallery. State Tretyakov Gallery Author of the Tretyakov Gallery

16.07.2019

The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest museums in the world. Hundreds of thousands of people annually get acquainted with the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery, dedicated exclusively to national Russian art, those artists who have made a great contribution to the history of Russian art
Muscovites call this museum warmly and with love - "Tretyakovka". He is familiar and close to us from early childhood, when we started coming there with our parents. Cozy, warm in Moscow style, located in a quiet Lavrushinsky lane among the streets and alleys of Zamoskvorechye, the oldest district of Moscow.
The founder of the Tretyakov Gallery was the Moscow merchant and industrialist Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. At first, everything that was purchased by Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov was placed in the rooms of his apartment building in Lavrushinsky Lane, bought by the Tretyakov family in the early 1850s. But by the end of the 1860s, there were so many paintings that it was impossible to place them all in the rooms.
The founding date of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856, when Pavel Tretyakov acquired two paintings by Russian artists: "The Temptation" by N. G. Schilder and "Clash with Finnish Smugglers" by V. G. Khudyakov, although earlier in 1854-1855 he bought 11 graphic sheets and 9 paintings by old Dutch masters. In 1867, the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened to the general public in Zamoskvorechye. Her collection included 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters.
P. M. Tretyakov, setting out to create a collection that in the future could develop into a museum of national art. “For me, who truly and ardently love painting, there can be no better desire than to lay the foundation for a public, accessible repository of fine arts that will bring benefits to many, everyone will enjoy,” wrote P. M. Tretyakov in 1860, adding: "... I would like to leave the national gallery, that is, consisting of paintings by Russian artists." Throughout his life, Tretyakov remained a major business man who did not have a special education in the field of painting. Contemporaries were much surprised by the natural intelligence and impeccable taste of this hereditary merchant. Over time, high taste, strict selection, noble intentions brought Tretyakov a well-deserved and undeniable authority and gave him "privileges" that no other collector had: Tretyakov received the right to be the first to look at new works by artists either directly in their studios or at exhibitions, but usually prior to their public opening. P. M. Tretyakov bought the paintings that interested him, regardless of the opinions of critics and the dissatisfaction of the censors. This was with such paintings as "Rural Procession for Easter" by V. G. Perov, "Ivan the Terrible" by I. E. Repin. P. M. Tretyakov clearly understood that the museum he created should not so much correspond to his personal tastes and sympathies as reflect an objective picture of the development of Russian art. And until now, almost everything that was acquired by P. M. Tretyakov constitutes a genuine golden fund not only of the Tretyakov Gallery, but of all Russian art.

In 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich donated his art gallery to the city of Moscow. By that time, the collection included 1287 paintings and 518 graphic works of the Russian school, 75 paintings and 8 drawings of the European school, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons.
Pavel Tretyakov until his death was the manager of the gallery. In 1898, a Council was created to manage the gallery, chaired by a trustee, which at the beginning was I. S. Ostroukhov, and since 1913 - I. E. Grabar.
In early 1913, the Moscow City Duma elected Igor Grabar as a trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery.

On June 3, 1918, the Tretyakov Gallery was declared "state property of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic" and was named the State Tretyakov Gallery. Igor Grabar was again appointed director of the museum.
In 1926, Academician of Architecture A.V. Shchusev. The following year, the gallery received a neighboring house on Maly Tolmachevsky Lane (the former house of the merchant Sokolikov). After perestroika, the administration of the Gallery, scientific departments, a library, a department of manuscripts, and graphics funds were located here.
In 1932, the building of the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi was transferred to the Gallery, which became a storehouse of painting and sculpture. Later, it was connected to the exposition halls by a two-story building, the upper floor of which was specially designed to display A. A. Ivanov's painting "The Appearance of Christ to the People" (1837-1857). A passage was also built between the halls located on both sides of the main staircase. This ensured the continuity of the exposure review.
In 1936, a new two-story building was opened on the north side of the main building - the so-called "Shchusevsky building". These halls were first used for exhibitions, and since 1940 they have been included in the main exhibition route.
In 1956, in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Tretyakov Gallery, the A.A. Ivanova. In 1980, a monument to P. M. Tretyakov, created by the sculptor A.P. Kibalnikov and architect I.E. Rogozhin.
Over the years of reconstruction, a new concept of the Tretyakov Gallery has developed as a single museum on two territories: in Lavrushinsky Lane, where expositions and repositories of old art are concentrated, from ancient times to the early 1910s, and in a building on Krymsky Val, the exposition areas of which are given to art XX century. Exhibitions, both old and new art, are held in both territories.
The current collection of the Tretyakov Gallery has more than 100 thousand works.

The gallery's collection includes tens of thousands of drawings, sculptures, paintings, icons... But how often, looking at a particular work of art, we can remember its exact name, its author, sometimes even the year of its creation - but here is the place where the canvas or sculpture is stored and displayed goes straight out of my head. Where did we see this masterpiece - the Hermitage, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Historical Museum, Kuskovo? ..

Therefore, today we will list to you only some of the works known to almost everyone, stored in the Tretyakov Gallery, so that the next time you see them, you can boldly exclaim: “I know where you can see it!”.

And since the entire collection of the gallery can be divided into five categories: iconography, painting, graphics, sculpture and installations, then we will name five masterpieces, one in each. Although, we repeat, it is very difficult to even list all the eminent masters who left their “mark” in this museum.

Gallery history

But, for starters, we will still tell you the story of the creation of the National Museum of Russian Fine Arts.

The Moscow Art Museum The State Tretyakov Gallery was founded in the middle of the 19th century. The merchant Pavel Tretyakov for many years collected a collection of paintings by Russian and foreign masters, exhibited it to the public, and in 1892 donated the exhibition to the city. The house in Lavrushinsky Pereulok in Moscow, bought specifically to store the collection, was completed several times, renovated and expanded. Later, the museum was given several more buildings, as the number of exhibits increased.

Today the museum houses one of the largest collections of Russian fine art in the world. In addition to the exhibition halls, the gallery includes storerooms, a children's studio, an information center, a conference room and a depository with restoration workshops.

Gallery Masterpieces

iconography

The gallery today owns the richest collection of ancient Russian painting of the 11th-17th centuries. Here you can see the icons of Andrei Rublev, Simon Ushakov, Dionysius, as well as magnificent works created by unknown icon painters.

We present to you the famous "Trinity" by Andrei Rublev- one of the most famous Russian icons.

Painting

Here, perhaps, the choice was the most difficult: the gallery contains several thousand paintings of different years, many of which belong not just to masters of the brush, but to truly great artists. Just read: Surikov, Repin, Vasnetsov, Shishkin, Roerich, Levitan, Kustodiev, Kramskoy, Rokotov, Vrubel, Polenov, Antropov, Groot, Levitsky ... But dozens and dozens of wonderful authors are represented here! Portraits, landscapes, battle and genre scenes; the work of the Wanderers, members of the famous "Blue Rose" and "Jack of Diamonds" ... In general, this must be seen with your own eyes!

Therefore, taking advantage of his official position, the author will show you one of his most favorite paintings, and you are already free to choose the one that is closer to you. So, Mikhail Vrubel "Seated Demon".

Of the other paintings that are on everyone's lips, in the Tretyakov Gallery you can see:

V. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs", "Alyonushka",
I. Repin "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan",
V. Surikov "Morning of the Streltsy Execution", "Boyar Morozova",
I. Shishkin "Morning in a pine forest",
N. Roerich "Overseas guests",
V. Vereshchagin "The Apotheosis of War" ...

Graphics

The graphic collection of the Tretyakov Gallery is not as extensive as the pictorial one, but it is represented by no less famous names: Bakst, Benois, Bryullov, Vrubel, Chagall, Malevich, Kustodiev, Polenova, Kramskoy, Borisov-Musatov…

Admire - Fyodor Tolstoy "Berries of red and white currants".

Sculpture

The sculpture collection of the gallery also deserves the closest attention. Here you can see both the usual marble and bronze sculpture of different years and genres, as well as the author's wooden and ceramic sculpture. Here are the works of Vera Mukhina, Mark Antokolsky, Sergei Konenkov, Evgeny Vuchetich, Kazimir Malevich…

We present to you - Valentin Serov "The Abduction of Europe".

installations

In addition to all the above masterpieces, the Tretyakov Gallery houses a number of interesting works of arts and crafts, as well as unusual installations. Sand, metal, glass, gypsum, LEDs, leather, cardboard, plasticine - that the authors did not use when creating them.

Some of the works make you think, others make you smile, others, perhaps, shrug your shoulders in bewilderment. Nevertheless, all these works were considered worthy of being exhibited in the most famous gallery in Russia, so look at them again - or maybe you missed something at first glance?

Meet - Litichevsky Georgy "Przhevalsky's Horse".

Well, if we have convinced you that it is a must to come to the State Tretyakov Gallery, then finally - information for visitors.

Location: Russia, Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10.

How to get there: metro Tretyakovskaya or Polyanka.

Working hours: daily except Monday from 10:00 to 18:00 (Thu and Fri - until 21:00).

Entrance: about $ 12 for foreigners, about $ 8 for residents of the CIS (there is a system of discounts).

Days of free visits at the museum

Every Wednesday, admission to the permanent exhibition "The Art of the 20th Century" and temporary exhibitions in (Krymsky Val, 10) is free for visitors without a guided tour (except for the exhibition "Ilya Repin" and the project "Avant-garde in three dimensions: Goncharova and Malevich").

The right to free access to expositions in the main building in Lavrushinsky Lane, the Engineering Building, the New Tretyakov Gallery, the house-museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, museum-apartment of A.M. Vasnetsov is provided on the following days for certain categories of citizens:

First and second Sunday of every month:

for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of education (including foreign citizens-students of Russian universities, graduate students, adjuncts, residents, assistant trainees) upon presentation of a student card (does not apply to persons presenting student trainee cards) );

for students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old) (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries). On the first and second Sundays of each month, students holding ISIC cards have the right to visit the exhibition “Art of the 20th Century” at the New Tretyakov Gallery free of charge.

every Saturday - for members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Please note that conditions for free access to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the exhibition pages for details.

Attention! At the ticket office of the Gallery, entrance tickets are provided with a face value of "free of charge" (upon presentation of the relevant documents - for the above-mentioned visitors). At the same time, all services of the Gallery, including excursion services, are paid in accordance with the established procedure.

Visiting the museum on public holidays

Dear visitors!

Please pay attention to the opening hours of the Tretyakov Gallery on holidays. The visit is paid.

Please note that entry with electronic tickets is carried out on a first-come, first-served basis. You can familiarize yourself with the rules for the return of electronic tickets at.

Congratulations on the upcoming holiday and we are waiting in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery!

Right of preferential visit The Gallery, except as provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, is provided upon presentation of documents confirming the right to preferential visits:

pensioners (citizens of Russia and CIS countries),
full cavaliers of the Order of Glory,
students of secondary and secondary special educational institutions (from 18 years old),
students of higher educational institutions of Russia, as well as foreign students studying in Russian universities (except for student trainees),
members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Visitors of the above categories of citizens purchase a reduced ticket.

Right of free admission The main and temporary expositions of the Gallery, except for cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, are provided for the following categories of citizens upon presentation of documents confirming the right to free admission:

persons under the age of 18;
students of faculties specializing in the field of fine arts of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions of Russia, regardless of the form of education (as well as foreign students studying in Russian universities). The clause does not apply to persons presenting student cards of "trainee students" (in the absence of information about the faculty in the student card, a certificate from the educational institution with the obligatory indication of the faculty is presented);
veterans and invalids of the Great Patriotic War, combatants, former underage prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War, illegally repressed and rehabilitated citizens (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
military servicemen of the Russian Federation;
Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Full Cavaliers of the "Order of Glory" (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
disabled people of groups I and II, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
one accompanying disabled person of group I (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
one accompanying disabled child (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
artists, architects, designers - members of the relevant creative Unions of Russia and its subjects, art historians - members of the Association of Art Critics of Russia and its subjects, members and employees of the Russian Academy of Arts;
members of the International Council of Museums (ICOM);
employees of museums of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the relevant Departments of Culture, employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and ministries of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
museum volunteers - entrance to the exposition "Art of the XX century" (Krymsky Val, 10) and to the Museum-apartment of A.M. Vasnetsov (citizens of Russia);
guide-interpreters who have an accreditation card of the Association of Guide-Translators and Tour Managers of Russia, including those accompanying a group of foreign tourists;
one teacher of an educational institution and one accompanying a group of students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (if there is an excursion voucher, subscription); one teacher of an educational institution that has state accreditation of educational activities when conducting an agreed training session and has a special badge (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
one accompanying a group of students or a group of military servicemen (if there is an excursion voucher, subscription and during a training session) (citizens of Russia).

Visitors of the above categories of citizens receive an entrance ticket with a face value of "Free".

Please note that conditions for preferential admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the exhibition pages for details.

Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow, Russia) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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Lavrushinsky lane in Moscow became famous only because the Russian merchant, millionaire and philanthropist Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov built a special building here for his collection of paintings. It formed the basis of one of the largest art collections in the world. The Tretyakov Gallery continues to store, explore and popularize Russian art, thus shaping our cultural identity.

A bit of history

Tretyakov acquired the first canvases of the future collection in 1856. A decade later, the gallery opened to the public, and in 1892 the owner presented it to Moscow along with the building. In the first years of the 20th century, the facade was rebuilt according to Vasnetsov's sketch.

Employees of the Tretyakov Gallery have always been zealous in their duties. After the maniac cut Repin's painting with a knife, the gallery keeper considered himself guilty of this incident and threw himself under the train.

After the revolution, the collection was nationalized, the building was repeatedly completed and rebuilt, the premises of the closed church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi were attached to it. During the war, canvases and statues were evacuated to Siberia, in 1985 they were merged with the State Art Gallery on Krymsky Val, the main exhibition was moved there, and the main building was restored for 11 years. Now a new building is being built for the Tretyakov Gallery on Kadashevskaya Embankment.

What to see

More than 1,300 works by Russian artists from the 11th century to the early 20th century are exhibited in the historic building in Lavrushinsky Lane. The hall of ancient Russian painting is decorated with Rublyov's Trinity, standing in a glass case, where a special microclimate is maintained. Ivanov's painting "The Appearance of Christ to the People" is exhibited in a separate room. There are many works by I. E. Repin, V. I. Surikov, V. A. Serov, V. V. Vereshchagin on the walls.

The Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi combines a functioning temple and an exhibition hall. Its decoration, iconostases and utensils are part of the museum collection. The pearl of the exposition is the icon of the 12th century "Our Lady of Vladimir", a Russian shrine and a world-class work of art.

In the New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val, paintings by Russian artists of the 20th century are exhibited. The exposition includes all artistic trends from the revolutionary avant-garde to the modern underground, the widest retrospective of works in the style of socialist realism. It also organizes exhibitions of recognized artists and young talents. There is a lecture hall and a creative workshop where children and adults get acquainted with the art of the last century and reveal their abilities for drawing and sculpture.

Increasingly, visitors to the New Tretyakov Gallery are asking: "Where is Kazimir Malevich's Black Square here?" The artistic manifesto of Suprematism is located in the 6th hall next to the paintings by Marc Chagall and Wassily Kandinsky. The guides will tell you about its complex symbolism and deep meaning. An interesting fact is that there is not a single stroke of black paint in the picture, its color is formed by mixing different colors. X-ray transmission revealed two more images under the top layer and the words "Battle of the Negroes at Night."

About the Tretyakov Gallery

Practical Information

Address of the historical building of the Tretyakov Gallery: Lavrushinsky per., 10 (metro station "Tretyakovskaya").
Opening hours: Tuesday, Wednesday and Sunday - from 10:00 to 18:00, Thursday, Friday and Saturday - from 10:00 to 21:00. Monday is a day off. Ticket offices close an hour earlier.

Address of the New Tretyakov Gallery: Krymsky Val, 10 (metro station "Park Kultury").
Opening hours: Tuesday and Wednesday - from 10:00 to 18:00, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday - from 10:00 to 21:00. Monday is a day off.

Ticket price for adults - 500 RUB, for pensioners, students, pupils - 250 RUB. Entrance for visitors under 18 is free. Audio guide rental - 350 RUB. Prices on the page are for November 2018.