Music therapy. "music has magical powers and can subdue a savage, soften a stone, or bend a thick oak"

The term "art therapy" (art therapy - healing by art) means healing through creativity in order to express a person's psycho-emotional state.

The principles of the impact of works of art on people have been of interest to scientists at all times. In different countries there are different models and schools of art therapy, let's look at various examples and approaches.

According to one of the interpretations of the international classification, art therapy is represented by four areas: art therapy itself (psychotherapy through fine art), drama therapy (psychotherapy through stage play), dance and movement therapy (psychotherapy through movement and dance) and music therapy (psychotherapy through sounds). and music).

The founder of the Russian school of art therapy, by right, can be considered A.I. Kopytin - candidate of medical sciences, president of the Art Therapeutic Association, head of the basic training program for specialists in the field of art therapy and other areas of creative self-expression therapy. In his developments, the purpose of using art therapy in education is to preserve or restore the health of students and their adaptation to the conditions of an educational institution through the implementation of psycho-corrective, diagnostic and psycho-prophylactic potential. He believes that in some cases art therapy can be used in education as a tool for the development of certain psychological and personal qualities of students. The solution of development problems should be considered in close connection with the problems of preserving and restoring their health.

Followers of the art therapy school of A.V. Kopytina - Grishina A., Lebedeva E., Medvedeva, Levchenko I., Komissarova L. and Dobrovolskaya T., presented the first attempt in our country to generalize the experience of using art as a means of a comprehensive educational, developmental and corrective impact on children with developmental disabilities (children with hearing, vision, speech problems, mental retardation, behavioral disorders, mental retardation, disorders of the musculoskeletal system). At the same time, the authors consider art therapy as a set of techniques based on the use of different types of art and allowing, by stimulating artistic and creative manifestations, to carry out psycho-correction. According to this understanding of art therapy, they include in it such private forms as isotherapy, bibliotherapy, kinesiotherapy, music therapy, psychodrama and some others.

Modern music therapy is based primarily on the ability of music to regulate and develop the emotional sphere of the individual. Back in the 19th century, scientists established that emotions cause changes in pulse, breathing, speed, reaction, muscle strength, etc. It is known that with a decrease in emotional tone or in the presence of negative emotions, a person’s immunity weakens, as a result, he gets sick more often. Musical works of different emotional and figurative content affect the human body in different ways, causing different emotions and, accordingly, different biochemical processes.

So, major music usually evokes a bright and joyful mood, while minor music, as a rule, is associated with sadness and sadness. True, minor music, expressing harsh energy, dramatic experiences, can contribute to the activation of physiological processes and cause an active state.

In addition to tonality, the listener is strongly influenced by the tempo, rhythm and dynamics of a piece of music.

According to V.I. Petrushin, the combination of mode and tempo to the greatest extent, in comparison with other means of musical expression, determines the emotional "charge" of a particular work. Specially selected pieces of music allow the teacher to “train” the emotional world of the child in a dosed manner. Therefore, music therapy can be used in the process of both listening to music and playing music.

In order for the music to have the greatest effect on the listener, it must be specially tuned and prepared for this. So in the practice of yoga exercises, it was recommended to listen to music in such a way as to perceive it not only with the ears, but at the same time inhale the aroma of sound, feel it in your tongue, feel it with your skin, become a sound yourself so that the music permeates from the tips of your toes to the roots of your hair. It is very important to be able to continuously follow the sounding melody with your inner ear, not for a moment letting it go from the zone of your attention. The melody should become the path along which the listener will go and visit the most hidden corners of the soul - both his own and the composer who created this music.

Means of music therapy contribute to the harmonization of the individual with nature and the social environment. The fact is that music has such fundamental principles of all living things as rhythm and sound. With the help of music, you can teach a child to feel the rhythms of nature and human life, to feel the variety of sounds and harmonies of the world around him, to imagine the originality of his own biorhythms, to identify the characteristic features of the sound of his voice, and through it - his unique individuality.

It has been established that music affects many spheres of human life through three main factors: vibrational, physiological and mental. Sound vibrations are a stimulator of metabolic processes in the body at the cell level. These vibrations are able to change various functions of the body (respiratory, motor, cardiovascular). Thanks to the associative connections that arise in the process of perception and performance of music, the mental state of the child also changes.

Researchers recommend using a wide range of musical instruments and types of music that affect various body functions in working with children. For example, to strengthen and improve the respiratory function, you can use wind instruments (clay whistles, flutes, toy pipes, harmonicas, block flutes, etc.), with weak fine motor skills of the fingers - keyboard instruments (a toy piano or a children's synthesizer), with emotional problems, to relieve stress or, on the contrary, to activate the emotional sphere of the child's personality - listening to music for relaxation, as well as recordings of natural noises (sounds of the sea, forest, thunderstorms, etc.).

The components of music therapy are vocal and respiratory therapy.

basis vocal therapy are the principles of classical singing, and the main means are specially designed vocal exercises and vocal works adequate to the level and condition of patients. The sound generated during singing goes only 15-20% into the outer space. The rest of the sound wave is absorbed by the internal organs, bringing them into a state of vibration. Such a kind of vibrational massage of the internal organs, with skillful use, can perfectly stimulate their work. This is one of the health benefits of singing.

The voice is a component of various psychophysiological processes occurring in the body. The timbre, loudness and other qualities of the voice are influenced by factors such as emotional tone, muscle tone, etc. Therefore, it is possible to determine certain states of the body by the voice, as well as influence these states through voice exercises.

The process of singing is the most complex psychophysiological act, which combines breathing with simultaneous vibrations of the vocal cords. In the exhalation phase, the vocal cords located in the larynx, in fact, are the source of sound production.

The organs that are involved in the process of sound production are the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, mouth (called the articulatory apparatus in vocal literature) and the diaphragm.

main goal vocal therapy is to increase the adaptive and reserve capabilities of the human body.

And, of course, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of singing as an artistic phenomenon and as a means of self-expression of the individual. It is well known about the positive impact of singing on the psycho-emotional background of the human body. Probably, it is the combination of a large number of positive properties that explains the fact that the profession of singers is essentially a profession of centenarians.

Respiratory music therapy, which includes playing wind musical instruments, breathing exercises to music and various exercises for the development of singing breathing, allows children to engage in healing without noticing the treatment process. Breath is synonymous with life. Proper breathing is the most important factor for a long and healthy life.

Respiratory music therapy is a training of the respiratory function of the human body. Singing has a special place in it. After all, the art of singing is also the art of breathing.

Speaking of music therapy, one cannot but say about the process of musical and creative activity. The main direction of this work is to teach a poetic, “musical” vision and perception of the world, i.e. the student learns that each of his experiences, any spiritual movement can be expressed directly in the sounds of vocal improvisation, which reflects his attitude to various life events. Performing creative tasks in the system of music therapy is one of the most effective, but at the same time, the most difficult technique. Any kind of creativity is a life-saving remedy when you get into a difficult life situation. Search activity is the key to human stability in a variety of stressful situations. Being engaged in musical creativity, a person creates not only music, but, above all, himself; who has learned to create a meaningful musical phrase expressing his attitude to life, becomes qualitatively different in comparison with himself, who did not know how to do this before. B. Asafiev once wrote that a person who has experienced the joy of creativity even to the smallest degree deepens his life experience and becomes different in mental makeup than a person who only imitates the acts of others. Mastering in his own musical and creative experiences a variety of life phenomena, ranging from natural to social, a person better understands his essence and inseparability from the surrounding natural and social world. Namely, because of the isolation of existence from the life of nature and other people, our sorrows and troubles arise on the path of life.

Man does what he does, and he does what he thinks. As we think, so we live. Bad thoughts and good, but poorly thought out, entail unsuccessful actions, which, in feedback, can lead to bad feelings - depression and despondency, low self-esteem, disbelief in one's strengths or anger and aggression, irritability and intolerance. The formation in the student of an optimistic and life-affirming worldview, with which he could live, winning and rejoicing, this is the goal that is pursued by musical therapy during the performance of special formulas of musical self-hypnosis, which have a positive effect.

Listening to music, its perception, music-making, vocal and respiratory therapy, musical and creative activity, the performance of musical self-hypnosis formulas are the components of music therapy.

folklore therapy. Musical folklore (folk songs and tunes on folk instruments) was originally an integral part of ancient magical, religious rites and holidays. Within the framework of the ancient festive and ritual culture, music existed in synthesis with folk dances, games, skits, folk arts and crafts (folk costumes, jewelry, ritual masks) and folk musical instruments (tambourine, drum, etc.).

Thus, in the musical folklore, from the very beginning there was an integration of different types of artistic and creative activity, which today is one of the main directions in the development of art therapy methods.

The traditional properties of folklore - the collective nature of creativity, variability, improvisation - open up wide scope for both the regulation of interpersonal communication in the classroom and for the disclosure of the creative abilities of the individual.

The specificity of folklore lies in the fact that it embodies ethnic images of the world, as well as ethnic values, ideals and norms of behavior. In folklore, those stable norms of human behavior and interaction with the natural environment and surrounding people have been preserved, which contributed to the preservation of his physical and mental health. These norms were passed down from generation to generation in the form of stereotypes of behavior verified over the centuries.

Songs created by the people played a special role in the life of a peasant family, giving it one or another emotional “coloring”. They accompanied everyone from birth to the very last days: lullabies, games, comic, lyrical, dance, round dance, labor, wedding, soldier, lamentation songs, historical, etc. The role of music in the development and healing of children from ancient times is undeniable. Children's folklore helped children grow up healthy (peckers), cheerful (jokes, pestles, nursery rhymes), calm (lullabies). At the same time, with the help of songs, children were taught goodness, beauty, folk wisdom, wit, as well as love for nature, animals, their family, their native land, and the Motherland.

The technique of old Russian songs, sometimes built on two or three notes, strikes with its diversity and beauty. She offers to go from unison to consonance, teaches the harmonization of the external and internal world of a person, tuning the body and soul in accordance with the objective laws of nature.

In Russian song folklore, there are a large number of "uneven" songs, the tempo of which can increase and decrease very much (tension - relaxation - reset). Chronic muscle tension, which impedes the quality of living situations, is gradually removed due to such changes.

Music therapy is associated with fairy tale therapy, first of all, through the musical images of fairy-tale heroes, fairy-tale themes and plots in music. Specialists in the field of fairy tale therapy, primarily T.D. Zinkevich, note that a fairy tale is as multifaceted as life. This is what makes the fairy tale an effective psychotherapeutic, educational and developmental tool. A folk tale carries the culture of the ethnic group that created it, and therefore the national image of the world, national values ​​and ideals, traditional models and stereotypes of behavior.

Dance movement therapy. Various movements included in music lessons, plastic improvisations, dancing to music can also be a means of art therapy. It is well known that movements are controlled by the central nervous system, it is she who coordinates the movements of muscles and the coordinated work of organs. Quality graceful movements correspond to quality life. Art therapists treat the body and mind as a whole, defining their interaction as a guarantee of a healthy psyche.

Helping children to show the freedom of their bodies in movements to music, the teacher thereby provides them with the opportunity to experience spiritual freedom, freedom of action and self-expression.

Color therapy and visual art therapy. Color and sound, visual arts and music have deep connections not only in the history of artistic culture (in ancient mysteries, magical rites, folk holidays, in the invention of color music, etc.), but also in art therapy.

Even in ancient times, people noticed that color, like music, can be an indicator and regulator of a person's emotional states. Attempts to change the consciousness and behavior of people with the help of color have been known since ancient times.

Various means of artistic expression (composition, form, rhythm, etc.) are grouped around the general laws of the artistic-figurative language of music and fine arts.

Some well-known artists paid attention to the possibility of an integrated approach to color and sound, visual arts and music as a means of changing the emotional states of a person. So, V.V. Kandinsky in his work "On the Spiritual in Art" noted the ability of color to cause spiritual "vibration". For him, color was a key, the eye was a hammer, the soul was a multi-stringed piano. V.V. Kandinsky did not exclude the possibility of a person to see sounds and hear colors musically. M.K. Čiurlionis often gave his paintings musical titles: the four-movement "Sonata of Spring", "Sonata of the Sun", etc., the diptych "Prelude" and "Fugue".

So, summarizing the above, we can confidently state that art therapy is becoming an effective method of treating school neuroses, which today are increasingly affecting not only students, but also teachers. Neuro-psychological loads and overloads are growing both in the process of obtaining education and in modern life in general. Therefore, schoolchildren today must not only have good skills in the field of intellectual operations, but also know how to cope and overcome the subjective difficulties that inevitably arise in the life path of every person. The current school should help society by all possible means to solve these problems. One such tool is art therapy.

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As noted earlier, the positive influence of music on the psychophysical well-being of a person was historically proven in the works of Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, the ancient doctors of India and China, in the studies of I. M. Dogel, I. R. Torkhanov, V. M. Bekhterev. Today, music therapy is widely used in surgery, in the treatment of diseases of various origins, in the practice of psychotherapy.

In Holland, music is used in cardiovascular clinics: studies are being conducted in Dutch hospitals to identify the effects of music on the course of heart disease. And in Australia - for the treatment of those who suffer from pain in the joints and spine.

In India, national chants are used as a prophylactic in many hospitals. And in Madras, even a special center for the training of music therapists was opened. They have already found musical pieces for the treatment of hypertension and some mental illnesses, in front of which traditional medicine is often powerless.

In China, music albums are mass-produced with unexpected names for us: "Digestion", "Insomnia", "Migraine". There are also "Liver", "Lungs", "Heart". The Chinese "take" these pieces of music like pills or medicinal herbs.

From the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, there is a close relationship between musical instruments and certain organs and systems. So, the work of the kidneys, the bladder is corrected by the piano, cello, saxophone and synthesizer. The functions of the liver, gallbladder are restored by the xylophone, clarinet, drum and woodwind instruments: flute, oboe, English horn, bassoon. They can also be used to relieve irritability, anger. Saxophone, metallophone, flute, harp, harmonica and bell cure diseases of the lungs, colon, and eliminate melancholy. For the treatment of the stomach, spleen, pancreas, it is necessary to listen to low male and high female voices. Violin, guitar, double bass, cello, harp, viola have an influence on the work of the heart, small intestine.

Moreover, the functional state of each vital organ corresponds to its own emotion: the heart - joy, the spleen - understanding and imagination, the lungs - aggression, the kidneys - fear, the liver - anger. Our emotions change - the state of the conjugated organ also changes. This is precisely the psychological aspect of the directed influence of the timbre of a certain musical instrument. Even the time of day is determined for the optimal musical and therapeutic effect. For patients with bronchial asthma - this is early morning, 3-5 o'clock in the morning, for hypertensive patients - 16-17 o'clock, for those whose liver is "naughty" - from 1 to 3 am.

American nutritionists and narcologists began to supply the market with audio cassettes for weight loss, against smoking and alcoholism.

Throughout the world, music is used as a means of relieving pain, for collective treatment in hospitals, especially in psychiatric clinics, as occupational therapy, in enterprises to increase mental and physical performance, in parks to reduce crime, in schools, colleges to increase academic success in children, for the prevention and correction of emotional and behavioral problems. Well, congresses and conferences of music therapists around the world have long been the most common thing.

The use of certain musical sounds is also used to treat diabetes. It has been found that there is a direct relationship between blood sugar levels and mental state. Thus, by changing and regulating their mental state, a person can change the level of sugar in the blood. Audio cassettes recording the sounds of nature are of great help in this: the sound of the surf, the singing of birds, the roar of ocean waves, thunder, the sound of rain.

Particular attention is paid to the impact of the music of the great classical geniuses and classical music in general on living organisms. For example, the creator of musical pharmacology, the American scientist Robbert Schofler, prescribes for therapeutic purposes to listen to all Tchaikovsky's symphonies and Mozart's overtures, as well as Schubert's The Forest Tsar. Schofler claims that these works contribute to the acceleration of recovery. Scientists from Samarkand came to the conclusion that the sounds of the pikkalo flute and clarinet improve blood circulation, and the slow and quiet melody of stringed instruments lowers blood pressure. According to French scientists, Ravel's "Daphnis and Chloe", Schubert's "Ave Maria", Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata", Saint-Saens' "Swan" can be prescribed to persons suffering from alcoholism, and Handel's music "stabilizes" the behavior of schizophrenics. Research center led by Lazarev showed that musical vibrations affect the entire body. They have a beneficial effect on the bone structure, thyroid gland, massage the internal organs, reaching deep-lying tissues, stimulating blood circulation in them. It has been established that the lyrical melodies of Tchaikovsky, Chopin's mazurka, Liszt's rhapsodies help to overcome difficulties, overcome pain, and gain mental stamina.

Such works as Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata", Ravel's "Caravan", Leia's "Man and Woman" and the romance from musical illustrations for Pushkin's story "The Snowstorm" relieve internal muscle spasms, including convulsions and micro spasms, and give complete relaxation to the whole body, contributing to wound healing and recuperation.

To relieve migraines, headaches, it is recommended to listen to the following works: “Don Giovanni” and “Symphony No. 40” by Mozart, “Hungarian Rhapsody” by Liszt, “An American in Paris” by Gershwin, “Fidelio” by Beethoven, “Suite Masquerade” by Khachaturian, “Spring Song » Mendelssohn and Dvorak's Humoresque.

Mendelssohn's Wedding March, Chopin's Nocturne in D Minor and Bach's Violin Concerto in D Minor normalize blood pressure and heart activity, while Bruckner's Mass in A Minor and Bartók's Piano Sonata help treat hypertension.

Musical works "Sad Waltz" by Sibelius, "Dreams" by Schumann, "Meditation" by Massenet, "Adagio" by Rodrigo, suite "Peer Gynt" by Grieg, "Barcarolle" by Offenbach, "Songs without Words" by Mendelssohn, "Melody" by Gluck, as well as plays Tchaikovsky is relieved of insomnia.

But Mozart's melodies have the greatest effect on a person. Mozart's works are universal: they are recommended for stress relief, effective assimilation of educational material, for headaches, hypertension, for the treatment of stuttering, epilepsy, as well as during the recovery period, for example, after extreme situations. Moreover, all the works of Mozart have a healing effect. This musical phenomenon, which has not yet been fully explained, is called the “Mozart effect”.

In the course of the research, scientists used brain scans using magnetic resonance to get a picture of the activity of brain regions. As expected, the music of Beethoven, Schumann and other classical composers "woken up" well-defined areas of the cerebral cortex. But only Mozart's music activated all areas of the cerebral cortex, including those that are involved in motor coordination, vision and higher processes of consciousness and can play a role in spatial thinking.

The secret of the healing properties of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was confirmed by Alfred Tomatis, an otolaryngologist, a member of the French Academy of Medical Sciences. Exploring the features of the human brain, he found out: listening to high-frequency sounds - 5000-8000 Hz - activates brain activity, improves memory, stimulates thinking processes. These vibrations seem to feed our brain, and with it the whole body. Analyzing the music of various composers, Alfred Tomatis came to the conclusion that Mozart's works contain the largest number of necessary frequencies. Based on the results of his research, Dr. Tomatis developed a method of healing through music. It is effective for childhood autism, attention disorders, speech disorders, as well as depression in adults.

Separate studies of scientists are devoted to the influence of music on children.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientists could already see that music - classical music and lullabies - were healing tools for children, this music not only develops children, but also makes them healthier. Teachings decided to find a scientific basis for music therapy. And the first patients who received music treatment were premature babies.

Studies have shown that, as a rule, if a child suffered from oxygen deficiency during prenatal development, regardless of whether he was born prematurely or not, the activity of enzyme cells was underestimated. After listening to classical music, the activity of children's enzyme cells increased. This was shown by cytochemical analysis. The doctors also measured the children's blood pressure, pulse, and breathing rhythm. And they always observed the classic reaction of adaptation: the body itself got used to the environment, and the child began to feel better. Scientists have suggested that maybe the consonance and melody have nothing to do with improving the child's condition. The researchers switched to a metronome, which beat out a quiet rhythm at a calm frequency. The children behaved quite well: they calmed down and fell asleep. But the cytochemical analysis clearly showed: against the background of a working metronome, the enzymes in the cells were suppressed. In addition, there is evidence of the fact that rock music with a pronounced percussive rhythm is harmful to young children.

When parents are about to pick up their children from the hospital, doctors recommend continuing to perform music therapy at home, along with massage, special gymnastics and water exercises. Parents reacted differently to these recommendations, some of them turned on music to their children, some did not. But when these children were tested a year later, interesting facts were discovered. Children who constantly listened to classical music coped better with neurological defects than those whose parents did not believe in the healing power of music therapy. Thus, reasonable statistics appeared.

Scientists have found that restless children should listen to melodies with a calm rhythm - “adagio”, “andante”. As a rule, the second parts of classical sonatas and instrumental concertos are written in this rhythm. German scholars developed the main scientific literature on the subject, and German and Viennese music dominated their programs: Mozart, Schubert, Haydn. Later they added Vivaldi and Tchaikovsky. For example, it can be the second part of Mozart's "Short Night Serenade", "Winter" from "The Seasons" by Vivaldi, the duet of Lisa and Polina from Tchaikovsky's opera "The Queen of Spades", lullabies.

A melody with words has a stronger effect on a child than a melody without words. And live singing is stronger than the instrumental performance recorded on the disc. The language of the singing does not matter at all, newborn babies can happily listen to, for example, a Brahms lullaby or Christmas carols in German. And children suffering from distress syndrome, who do not eat well, and sometimes even breathe abruptly, should listen to musical compositions in the tempo of “allegro” and “allegro moderato” by Mozart, Schubert, Haydn. For example: waltzes from Tchaikovsky's ballets "On the Troika", from his "Seasons", "Spring" from Vivaldi's "Seasons", as well as marching music.

Music therapy procedures are also beneficial for healthy, normally developing children. They need to be reassured or, on the contrary, sometimes encouraged. This can be done with relaxing or energetic music.

But any phenomenon can be directed both in a positive and in a negative direction. Music is no exception. In the last decades of the 20th century, many musical trends appeared, and most of them, the researchers note, act destructively on living organisms.

If, under the influence of classical music, the amount of milk in lactating mothers and mammals increases, then under the influence of rock music, it sharply decreases. Studies have shown that plants and animals prefer harmonious music. For example, dolphins enjoy listening to classical music, especially Bach. In one experiment, after hearing classical music, sharks gather from all over the ocean coast. Plants and flowers spread their leaves and petals faster to classical music.

To the sounds of modern music, cows lie down and refuse to eat, plants wither faster. Nevertheless, a person clutters up his living space with chaotic vibrations. Western doctors have introduced a new diagnosis into their lexicon - "music addict".

In fact, modern music does not just sound - it performs its function of programming. They are supported by unbiased facts. American doctors, led by scientist R. Larsen, argue: the repetitive rhythm and low-frequency vibrations of the bass guitar strongly affect the state of the cerebrospinal fluid, and as a result, the functioning of the glands that regulate the secretions of hormones; significantly changes the level of insulin in the blood; the main indicators of the control of moral inhibition fall below the threshold of tolerance or are completely neutralized.

The destructive effect of ultra-loud sounds on the human body is considered almost a "common place" in studies of this kind - experts call such music "killer music", "sound poison". The Russian psychologist D. Azarov managed to identify a combination of notes that is similar for all cases of suicide by rock musicians. Many musical works of our time were created, according to the scientist, from “killer sounds”.

Based on the foregoing, one can see that such a direction as music therapy is widely used in the treatment of various diseases throughout the world. But as it turned out during the study, not all music has a positive effect on the human body. Such genres as rock, pop - music are gradually killing not only a person, but also everything that their sounds come into contact with. The most useful and, one might even say, possessing magical properties, has become classical music, which can replace many medicines for any ailment.

Conclusion

The sounds of music were born simultaneously with living beings capable of perceiving them. Since then, a lot of time has passed, sounds have turned into music, and music has become an art that is not forgotten even today, continues to live with us, not leaving for a moment. It began to be studied as a science and a lot of healing properties were discovered, which are increasingly being used in everyday activities.

As part of this work, we tried to find as many positive aspects of this art as possible. As it turned out, classical music has become the most useful and, one might even say, possessing magical properties, capable of replacing all medicines for any ailment. But not all music has a positive effect on the human body. The most harmful effect on our body is listening to modern music. Namely, such genres as rock, pop and club music, which, in the truest sense of the word, gradually kill not only a person, but everything that their sounds come into contact with. It is a pity, but until today not everyone can believe and understand it. Perhaps the reason for all this is the large-scale use of modern music, which can hardly be called such.

If more attention was paid to music therapy in various media sources, then modern humanity would take this delightful, wonderful art much more seriously.

First of all, listening to music affects our emotional and sensory perception, which gives a powerful impetus to all other existing human systems. In a calmer state, a person already thinks soberly, understands the events around him more subtly, and unconsciously turns on his intuition. All this significantly affects the qualitative characteristics of the physical body. In some incredible way, a person becomes better, he becomes more cheerful, smarter and more fun. Music therapy is healing with music.

Any external influence on the human body plays its role. Hearing perceives certain sounds and this affects not only some fragments in the brain, but the whole body as a whole. The psyche is an integral part of our consciousness, with the help of it we perceive our problems and solve current affairs. If the psyche is disturbed, the work of the whole organism is disrupted, so it is very important to maintain it in a stable state. In order not to bring yourself and your body to an extremely unbalanced state, you should at least sometimes carry out prevention in the form of relaxation and complete relaxation, which music helps with. The interaction of music and the psyche

A. Tomatis came to an amazing discovery: “The ear is designed not only to hear, but also to energize the mind and body. Brain cells work like small batteries. They are charged not by the metabolism of the body, but by the energy of sounds.” Music charges the brain and improves intelligence. US scientists have found that music helps with reading, concentration and short-term memory. Particular results have been noted in preschool children.

Doctors have found that pleasant emotions caused by music increase the tone of the cerebral cortex, improve metabolism, stimulate breathing, and blood circulation. Positive emotional excitement at the sound of pleasant melodies enhances attention, tones the central nervous system. The biggest effect of music is the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. The fact that music acts selectively: depending on the nature of the work, on the instrument on which it is performed, scientists have noticed for a long time. Its effect on some people is even sharper than the word. Music can soothe, relax and invigorate, alleviate sadness and inspire joy; can lull and cause an influx of energy, and even excite, create tension. Currently, there are various national schools involved in research in the field of music therapy. Numerous methods provide for both the holistic and isolated use of music as the main leading factor of influence, and the addition of musical accompaniment to other corrective methods to enhance their impact.

There are three main forms of music therapy. Receptive music therapy (passive) is different in that a person in the process of music therapy session does not take an active part in it, taking the position of a simple listener. He is offered to listen to various musical compositions or to listen to various sounds that correspond to the state of his mental health. Active methods of music therapy are based on active work with musical material: instrumental playing, singing. Integrative music therapy, along with music, uses the possibilities of other types of art: drawing to music, musical outdoor games, pantomime, plastic dramatization to music, creating poems, drawings, stories after listening to music, and other creative forms.

The Mozart Effect Mozart is one of the musical geniuses who created divine music. If art is real, it will live forever. Besides, everything that is beautiful pleases us and heals our souls. Mozart's music was created to heal the soul, to relax and deepen oneself. The very phenomenon called the “Mozart effect” gained its popularity due to the fact that classical music has not only an aesthetic effect on a person, but also a healing effect on the whole organism as a whole. Therefore, this phenomenon was given a lot of attention and time and came to the conclusion that listening to Mozart's music, you can significantly improve your health. After numerous experiments, scientists came to the conclusion that with nervous disorders, increased excitability, a tendency to tantrums and whims, Mozart's music has the most beneficial effect on the child. If you conduct music therapy sessions daily for minutes, then after 7-10 days the baby will begin to behave more balanced and adequately.

Sounds of nature The first theme is pure sounds of nature, such as "Morning of Songbirds", "Walk in the Forest", "Nightingale Grove", "Tender Surf", "Morning Stream", "Spring Thunderstorm". The effect of calming, relieving anxiety here is connected, in our opinion, with the fact that all these natural sounds accompanied the calm everyday activities of many generations and were fixed in the “genetic” memory as signals of safety and well-being.

Sounds of nature and music The second theme is the sounds of nature combined with music. The programs "Sea of ​​Love", "Sea of ​​Peace", "Dolphin's Love", "Sea Dreams", "Mystical Sea" present the gentle sound of the guitar, oboe, flute, piano against the background of the rustling of sea waves. The programs "Summer Afternoon", "Enchanted Nightingale", "Whispering Sands" contain melodies against the background of birds singing.

New Age The third theme is the works of professional composers in music therapy, such as Karunesh ("Symphony of the Heart", "Heavenly Distance", "Tea Ceremony"), Anugama ("Open Sky"), Homer Evans ("Music for Health", " Music of Happiness”), etc. Their works have a pronounced healing effect.

The effect of music on the human body Calms down, reduces the feeling of anxiety, indecision - Strauss waltzes, Brahms' "Lullaby". Promotes the growth of mental abilities - Mozart's music. Normalizes the work of the brain - listening to the suite "Peer Gynt" Stimulates intellectual activity - the music of Beethoven, Strauss. Raises vitality, fills with vitality, creative energy, inspires - Symphony No. 6, part 3 - by Tchaikovsky, Prelude 1 - by Chopin. From pop music, one can note the music of Demis Roussos, Julio Iglesias, the song of Alexandra Pakhmutova - "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", the orchestra of Paul Mauriat. Removes neurosis and irritability - Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata", Bach's "Italian Concerto", Handel's music.

During classes with the use of music therapy, emotions can be simulated: aggressive, unbalanced children also develop a sense of inner peace, joy - a positive emotional background is created; the mental abilities and imagination of children develop, the correction of sensory processes and sensory abilities develops, the motivation for learning increases, satisfaction with learning increases, which means that a situation of success is created.

Literature 1. Art pedagogy and art therapy in special education / E.A. Medvedev, I.Yu. Levchenko, L.N. Komissarov, T.A. Dobrovolskaya. - M., Povalyaeva M.A. Handbook of a speech therapist. - Rostov-on-Don: "Phoenix", p. 3.Blavo, Ruchel. A new path to self-healing. Novosibirsk, Brusilovsky L. S. Music therapy. Guide to psychotherapy. M., Introduction to music therapy / Ed. G.-G.Decker-Voigt. St. Petersburg: Piter, Vorozhtsova OA Music and play in child psychotherapy. M., Draganchuk V. M. Music as a factor of psychocorrection: historical, theoretical and practical aspects. K., Zhavinina O., Zats L. Musical education: searches and finds // Art at school Klyuev A.S. “Music therapy as a method of social rehabilitation”. Theoretical journal "Credo new", Lyuban-Plozza B., Poberezhnaya G., Belov O. Music and psyche. K., Ovchinnikova T. Music for health. - St. Petersburg: Union of Artists, Yusfin A. G. "Music is the power of life." LPG: Ayurveda Plus LLC htm 14.lhttp://slovari.yandex.ru 15.

Related article: "Music therapy". Developed by music teacher Chernega Angelina Vladimirovna. MKOU "Secondary school No. 1 st. Barrier".

Music is one of the art forms that reflects our life with sounds.

The word "music" comes from the Greek root "muse". Scientists on mythology testify that nine muses - heavenly sisters who patronized a certain type of art, were born from Zeus and Mnemosyne - the goddess of memory. Music is a child of love, possessing grace, beauty, unusual healing properties, harmony of feelings and sounds.

Euterpe (other - Greek "entertaining") -muse lyric poetry andmusic .

The influence of music ennobles our life, balancing the emotional background of a person, reaching the farthest depths of his soul. Having gone through all the ages and epochs, music has been and is the generally understood language of mankind.

The fact that certain melodies are able to influence the mental and physical state of a person was well known in ancient Greece, in Rome.

The term "music therapy" is of Greek-Latin origin and means "healing with music".

The use of music for therapeutic purposes takes us back to ancient times, where music was widely used in medical practice.

Ancient people believed that music is the unity of the harmony of soul and body in the relationship of man with nature, capable of healing both spiritual and physical ailments.Many diseases are a violation of a certain rhythm of organs,there are ancient interpretations thatwith the help of music, they restored and balanced the body's tuning functions.

The healing effect of music has been known since antiquity. Egyptian priests tried to treat infertility in women with music; in the temples of Ancient Greece, the mentally ill were treated with music and choral singing. For example, ancient healers believed that the flute cures depression, and the drum is good for the stomach. Singing helps to heal wounds.

The first scientific explanation of the influence of music and its powerful impact on human health was uttered by the ancient Greek scientist and philosopher Pythagoras - “Every melody synchronizes the work of the internal organs of a person. This happens because any of our organs is a source of energy and electromagnetic waves of a given frequency, and since the sounds of music are also waves, they enter into resonance with them - and the settings of our body change. When a melody sounds, its acoustic field is superimposed on the acoustic field of the body and it turns out that we experience a certain kind of cellular massage..

Pythagoras cured many mental and physical illnesses with the help of specially composed compositions.
He argued that the influence of music on the human body has a focus on feelings and emotions, on the mind and body.

He even introduced such a concept as “musical medicine”. “The soul must be cleansed of influences that are contrary to reason with a solemn and majestic chant, which is supposed to be accompanied by a lyre,” said the ancient Greek scientist. listening to musica person is able to experience physical release, to see emerging images, to go throughcatharsis, i.e. "cleansing"and achieve spiritual unfoldment.Catharsis promotesthe elevation of the human mind, the ennoblement of his feelings,helps to relieve painful symptoms and harmonize a person.

In ancient times, Pythagoras was not the only one who believed that music could have a beneficial effect on the human body.In Egyptian papyri, references were found to how the ancient priests healed the Egyptians with the help of melodies and sounds. And in the Old Testament it is said that David treated the nervous insanity of King Saul by playing the harp. In ancient Greece, there were wise men who used the properties of music and its effect on human health for healing purposes. For example, the Greek physician Aesculapius, patients with radiculitis treated with loud playing on the pipe. From the manuscripts that have come down to us, we have learned that the influence of music on the human body has been used since time immemorial.

Aristotle considered music not only a panacea for healing, but also purification.souls. Plato argued that music is the main means for educating a harmonious personality. In the 3rd century BC e. a medical center was built in the Parthian kingdom. Here they treated me with music from melancholy and emotional experiences.

Chinese sages wrote about the healing effects of music on the human body even before our era. “Music is the source of joy for wise people, it is able to evoke good thoughts in the people, it penetrates deeply into their minds and easily changes their manners and customs,” Xunzi said. A thousand years ago, the outstanding physician Avicenna treated patients with nervous and mental illnesses with smells, laughter and music.

It should not be assumed that music is the maincomponent of the healing process,it only contributes to the restoration of the body by the additional effect of treatment.

Music therapy is a psychotherapeutic method based on healing effect music on the psychological state of a person, influencing the patient to achieve a therapeutic effect in the treatment of his illness and is a type of art therapy used in the assimilation of new positive attitudes and forms of behavior, correction communicative function.

MUSIC THERAPY (or "music therapy", literally - "healing with music", from lat.musica "music" and Greek.therapeuein “treat”) is the scientifically based clinical use of music for therapeutic and beneficial effects on the psyche and body of a person, based on scientific research and conducted by a certified specialist - music .

founder Sound therapy is considered to be the Swiss composer and teacher Emile Jacques-Dalcroze (1865–1950). Each of our organs is tuned to a certain frequency and is susceptible to it. Sound treatment is based on the impact of vibrations of different frequencies both on the mental and energy levels. Each sound in the body causes some kind of vibration, creating an energy field that has a beneficial effect on human systems and organs. Each a piece of music has its own energy, as well as an individually taken organism. Therefore, the selection of appropriate melodies is mandatory. A certain rhythm of music can speed up or slow down metabolic processes, relax or tone up muscle tone. Rhythmic music increases the number of heartbeats, the frequency of breathing acts, the blood is more intensely saturated with oxygen and nutrients, the organs are stimulated. . The human body conducts sounds well, and the external world is reflected into the organism growing in the mother's womb by sound vibrations.

Future man, hears everything and everything remembers. Scandals, harsh music, loud voices have an irritating and negative effect on the fetus. And, on the contrary, calm music has a beneficial effect on the state and development of the future person, and the gentle and soft voice of the mother affects the calm and balance of his spiritual world. At this time, the mother can feel her baby "dancing" in the womb . During the development period fetus already in the belly good taste developsharmony, beauty and peace. Scientists have proven that after birth, children react much more emotionally to melodies that they have heard before. in the womb.

It is no longer a secret that music has a positive effect on the health and condition of a woman during pregnancy and her unborn baby.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, researchers began to study music, its methods and techniques, as a means for the treatment and restoration of the human body.

Experts explain the phenomenon of musical influence as follows:« The human body is a vibrating system. And music is also a vibration, only ordered, synchronized in a certain way. It brings order to our system, sets it in a certain way, affects the mood and work of internal organs and systems. And any diseases manifest themselves as quite definite dissonances arising from the imbalance of a diseased organ with a healthy body. Music can provoke a process of desynchronization leading to illness, or vice versa - it can harmonize the body, maintaining health in a person.».

The beneficial effect of classical music on a person is already known. In the 90s of the XX century, sensational information appeared about the unique impact on the human brain of Mozart's music.

This phenomenon of discovery was called the "Mozart effect". Mozart uplifting music

intelligence especially beneficial effect on the intellectual development of children. Until now, scientists argue about the nature and properties of this phenomenon. But already in proof there are entertaining facts.

The impact of Mozart's music on the brain is scientifically proven and corresponds to the biorhythms of our brain.

As scientists figuratively put it, "practically the entire cerebral cortex began to glow."

“American scientists conducted such an experiment: they tested a group of volunteers on “IQ”; then for 10 minutes the group listened to the piano music of Mozart; then testing again. Result: the second test on "IQ" showed an increase in intelligence by an average of 9 units. Scientists of our country have proved that listening to Mozart's works increases the intellectual abilities of almost all people, regardless of gender and age.. The most interesting thing is that even those who do not like Mozart increase their mental abilities.

Italian scientists from the small town of Chieti discovered such a phenomenon as "Vivaldi effect ". They conducted unique experiments in which they examined the memory of older people after listening to Vivaldi's The Four Seasons. It turned out that the experimental people solved memory tests much better than their peers from the group. According to scientists, Vivaldi's music increases the activity of brain regions responsible for memory. Thus, the beneficial effect of music on the human body can be added to the “Mozart effect” by the “Vivaldi effect”.

Naturally, it is not necessary to listen only to classical music, you should choose other genres. But as studies by psychologists working in the field of music therapy show, “it is classical music that influences “basically”, deeply and for a long time, significantly speeding up the healing process.”

Psychologists have proven thatclassical music can also have a negative effect on the body. There are many examples in this regard. Such works include Wagner's "Venisberg Scene" and many musical compositions by Richard Strauss. There are situations when music is reflected on the listener like a psychological poison, although it is a masterpiece of musical classics. This group includes some works by F. Chopin, especially the nocturnes, in which the composer gave

will to their feelings, like melancholy, nostalgia and weakness.

Different genres of music evoke different emotions in people.

Today, healing music is called a unique phenomenon in the medicine of our century, as it replenishes the mind and body of a person with an energy charge of healing.

In China, music albums with unexpected names for us are released on a massive scale to cleanse the soul and body: "Digestion", "Insomnia", "Migraine", "Liver", "Lungs", "Heart". They replace patients with pills or even medicinal herbs.

By choosing the right musical repertoire, you can achieve complete harmony of soul and body, become a balanced, calm and strong person.

Music recipes.

1. Relieves a person of neurosis and irritability -"Ave Maria" by Schubert, "Moonlight Sonata" by Beethoven, "Swan" by Saint-Saens, "Snowstorm" by Sviridov. This music, as well as the invigorating works of Tchaikovsky, Pakhmutova, Tariverdiev.

2. To prevent fatigue, you need to listen -"Morning" by Grieg, "Dawn over the Moscow River" (a fragment from the opera "Khovanshchina") by Mussorgsky, the romance "Evening Ringing", the motive of the song "Russian Field", "The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky.
3. To stimulate the creative impulse are recommended -"March" from the movie "Circus" by Dunayevsky, "Bolero" by Revel, "Saber Dance" by Khachaturian.
4. Give complete relaxation"Waltz" by Shostakovich from the film "The Gadfly", a romance from musical illustrations for Pushkin's story "The Snowstorm" by Sviridov.
5. Normalize blood pressure and heart activity -"Wedding March" Mendelssohn.
6. Relieves headache and neurosis -Polonaise Oginsky.
7. Normalizes sleep and brain function -suite "Peer Gynt" Grieg.
8. Activates mental development and develops abilities in children -Mozart music.
9. To reduce irritability- many of Beethoven's works ("Moonlight Sonata",

"Symphony in A Minor"), works by Bach, especially "Cantata No. 2" and "Barcarole" by Tchaikovsky.
10. To relieve anxietyChopin's mazurkas and preludes, Strauss' melodic waltzes and Rubinstein's Melodies help.
11. To eliminate feelings of anger, as well as envy of the success of other people -
Bach - Italian Concerto; Haydn - symphony.
12. Calming music -Beethoven - parts 2 and 3 of the Sixth Symphony, Brahms - "Lullaby", Schubert - "Ave Maria", Debussy - "Moonlight", Chopin's Nocturne in G Minor.
13. From a headache -Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody No. 1, Khachaturian - suite from music to Lermontov's drama "Masquerade", Gershwin - symphonic suite "An American in Paris",
"Don Giovanni" by Mozart.

14. Against hypertension, suspiciousness and suspiciousness, tension in relationships with other people- assisted by the Concerto in D minor for violin and Bach's Cantata No. 21,
"Piano Sonata" and "Quartet No. 5" by Bartok, "Mass in A Minor" by Bruckner, Chopin - nocturne in D minor.

Music is now used to treat hypertension, hypotension, neurosis, hearing and speech defects in children, music is used in obstetric practice, surgery, dental treatment, as well as in sexology, narcology and toxicology.

“Sound has magical properties. It can take on a physical form and contours that can affect our health, consciousness and behavior.

In order for the sounds around to please and help, you can learn how to correctly select them.

Healing with notes is a simple and safe way. You can sing the sound you like, plunging into it and enjoying it, so that getting rid of the disease goes faster.

We will tell you what effect certain notes have on a person..

When playing individual notes, the following happens:

1. The note "Do" is used in music therapy to influence:
- the skeletal system (for diseases of the legs, immobility of the joints and problems with the ankles);
- muscles of the lower back, sciatic nerve;
- prostate;
- intestines (for constipation or diarrhea).
Music therapists believe thatnote "Do" is responsible for the sense of smell, helps to cope with melancholy and fears. Therapeutic and prophylactic listening to the note "Do" raises the level of hemoglobin in the blood, helps to improve blood circulation.

2. The note "Re" is used in music therapy to influence:
- reproductive organs;
- kidneys and bladder

the lymphatic system;
- gallbladder (if there are stones in it).
In music therapynote "Re" is used to improve metabolism, reduce body fat, remove toxins. Music therapists use the note "Re" to help patients with asthma, bronchitis, gout. It has been found that listening to the note "D" increases physical and mental activity, helps to lose weight and cope with apathy. In addition, the note "Re" is responsible for taste sensations..

3. The note "Mi" is used in music therapy to influence:
- muscular system;
- intestines (activates it);
- liver, kidneys and spleen (improves activity and heals);
- nervous system (relieves headaches, soothes).
Music Therapistsuse the note "Mi" to improve the vision of patients and stimulate their intellectual activity. Note "Mi" helps to cope with boredom.

4. The note "Fa" is used in music therapy to influence:
- heart and lungs;
- endocrine system;
- immune system;
- digestive organs;
- nervous system (helps with insomnia and irritability).
With the help of the note "Fa" in music therapy, problems such as exhaustion of the body, high blood pressure, allergic diseases, SARS, colitis and ulcers are solved. It has been established that the note "F" is responsible for touch.

5. The note "Salt" is used in music therapy to influence:
- throat and neck (with laryngitis, tonsillitis);
- hearing aid;
- nervous system (calms).
Music Therapistsuse the note "Salt" to solve problems with the hearing organs, improve metabolism, increase human attentiveness, and reduce body temperature. The note "Salt" helps to improve the condition of the scalp.

6. The note "La" is used in music therapy to influence:
- the nervous system (with convulsions, obsessions, etc.);
- muscular system.
In music therapythe use of the note "La" helps to cope with impaired coordination of movements, swelling, heavy bleeding. Note "La" helps to reduce pain, develop intuition.

7. The note "Si" is used in music therapy to influence:
- spleen;
- the nervous system (with neuralgia, stress or severe mental trauma and anxiety).

Music Therapists use the note La to regulate the balance of microelements in the body, rid patients of seizures. Note La has a beneficial, stabilizing effect on the nervous system and many processes in the body, so it is ideal for meditation and stress relief..

A certain musical note is associated with the system of the human body and certain sense organs. By listening and singing notes, you can help your body regain lost health and fill it with vitality and energy.

Music truly works wonders, instilling peace, harmony and peace in our souls! Relieves stress and negative emotions. The necessary musical sounds will certainly find a response in your heart. Do not waste time in vain, but enjoy every moment of your life and let music be a friend and companion on your way.

Be healthy!!!

Used Books:

1. Material from the site of the magazine "Health":6. V.I. Petrushin "Musical psychology" - M.: Academic project, 2006.

   7. Brusilovsky L.S. Music therapy: a guide to psychotherapy. - Tashkent, 1985.
   8. Kopytin A.I. Fundamentals of art - therapy. -SPb., 1999.
   9. Kozhokhina S.K. Journey into the world of art. - M., 2002.
   10. Petrushin V.I. Musical psychotherapy. - M., 2000
   11. Shushardzhan S.V. Health by notes: a workshop on the path to spiritual perfection and vigorous longevity. - M., 1994.

   12. "Music therapy and reserves of the human body", Moscow, ed. "Antidore", 1998, 363 p.

   13. "Health by notes", Moscow, AO "Perspektiva", 1994, 170 p.

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