Georgy Markovich Naumenko was born in Moscow in 1945. He has a musical and pedagogical education. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia. He devoted all his creative activity to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. Most actively went on creative expeditions to various regions and regions of Russia and recorded works of folk art from 1967 to 1994. G.M. Naumenko is known as a folklorist-musicologist, ethnographer, and writer. He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore. Of great interest is the author's work of Naumenko.
Popular with young readers are his numerous folklore-style stories: fairy tales, horror stories, poems for children. He is also the author of fundamental popular science, philosophical, religious and esoteric books: "Secrets of Consciousness"; "Aliens and earthlings"; "All about UFOs"; “Obvious about the secret. The science of the birth, deeds, resurrection of Christ”; "The Great Mystery of Being"; "Aliens from the Past"...
In Russian folklore, G.M. Naumenko is given a special role - a collector, researcher and popularizer of children's musical and poetic folklore. Naumenko showed in his publications and studies all the richness and diversity of children's folklore. He discovered hitherto unknown genres of children's folk music and folklore for children. For the first time, maternity and baptismal songs, pestles and nursery rhymes, fairy tales with tunes, melodic tongue twisters, children's spells and divination, onomatopoeia of bird voices and songs about animals, children's ritual, instrumental and choreographic music were published for the first time.
In the publications of musical folklore, children's vocal performance art is revealed, which differs in many respects from the adult performance of folk songs. It has become an independent phenomenon in the culture of folk singing. In all its fullness and beauty, the creativity of adults for children was revealed, a phenomenon of great importance, a whole layer of folklore. Its main function is the upbringing and development of the child - physical, artistic, aesthetic. Often Naumenko used the bearers of folklore traditions as co-authors of his books. Their true stories about rites, customs, games, nurturing and the song samples themselves, associated with childhood, filled with the extraordinary beauty of their native language, lay on the pages of the book. For example, in the famous work "Ethnography of childhood".
Naumenko made theoretical discoveries regarding children's musical intonation, that is, the ways in which children perform works of their own folklore repertoire. The structure of the melody of the tunes of songs intoned by children and game song refrains, their relationship with the characteristics of the voice apparatus of children, creative and musical capabilities, as well as the age of the performers, is revealed. Using experience and knowledge in this area, rich factual material, he published "Folklore ABC" - a methodological guide for teaching children folk singing. The method of collecting folklore developed by Naumenko is peculiar. It allowed finding an approach to children, psychologically liberating them, revealing the inner world, the individual creative character and potential of each young performer, identifying a rich and varied song and game repertoire and recording it.
This tragic page in the life of the Cossacks and all those “in the dispersion of beings” will forever remain a grave sin on the conscience of the “cultural” West.
Most of these people, starting in 1917, led an armed struggle against communism. Some were forced to emigrate from Russia in 1920 and continued their participation in the campaign against the Bolsheviks with the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Others, who experienced the decossackization and famine in the USSR, the “black boards” and repressions of the twenties and thirties, with the arrival of the Germans in the Cossack lands in 1942, resisted the Soviet authorities and retreated with the German troops in 1943, leaving tens of thousands with their families , well understanding what awaits them as a result of "liberation".
As the Red Army advanced into Europe, the Cossacks moved farther and farther to the West, hoping that they would eventually fall into the territory occupied by the troops of the United States and England, whose governments would give them shelter as political refugees. However, the hopes were in vain.
The Bolsheviks regarded the Cossacks as the most dangerous enemies for themselves, in every possible way compromised them, seeking total extradition from the allies.
By the time the Second World War ended, there were up to 110,000 Cossacks in Germany and Austria, and also, partially, in France, Italy, Czechoslovakia and some other Western European states, according to the Main Directorate of the Cossack Troops (GUKV).
Of these, over 20 thousand, including the elderly, women and children - in the Cossack Camp of the Camping Ataman T. I. Domanov, in southern Austria, on the banks of the Drava River near Lienz.
Up to 45 thousand people made up the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps (15th KKK) under the command of Lieutenant General Helmut von Pannwitz, concentrated in southern Austria, north of the city of Klagenfurt.
Many Cossacks in the form of separate hundreds, squadrons, companies, platoons and teams were in different German units, and were also scattered throughout Germany and Austria, in German military institutions, in factories, in the “Todt organization”, at work with peasants, etc. d.
In addition, they were part of the Cossack regiment and single-handedly in parts of the Russian Corps and thousands in the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) of General A. A. Vlasov, not allocated to separate Cossack units.
Almost all the Cossacks were handed over - for torment and death. The Austrian city of Lienz in the last days of May - early June 1945 became a symbol of the tragedy.
Over the past ten years, a number of works on this topic have been published in our country (this was done abroad much earlier, as will be discussed below).
But few people know that the first book published in Russian about the Lienz tragedy and everything connected with it was the work of the General Staff of Major General V. G. Naumenko "The Great Betrayal", published in New York (1- th volume - 1962, 2nd - 1970). He began to collect materials for this book in the form of testimonies of direct participants and victims of the joint action of the Allies and the Soviets from July 1945.
Publishing them as they become available in "Information" on a rotator in the camps of Kempten, Füssen and Memmingen (the American zone of occupation in Germany), and then in the form of periodic "Collections on the forced extradition of Cossacks in Lienz and other places", General Naumenko carried out his work in for 15 years, breaking through the veil of lies. These materials became the basis, and a look from inside the events - the main advantage of this work.
The first part of the book tells about the extradition of the inhabitants of the Cossack Camp to the Bolsheviks, terrible in its cruelty. The Cossacks traveled thousands of kilometers - from the banks of the Don, Kuban and Terek to the Alps - on horseback, in wagons and on foot, from the birthplace of the Cossack Camp, a military camp in the village of Grechany (six kilometers from the city of Proskurov) - to their Golgotha on the banks Drava.
More than 2,200 officers were issued to the Red Command from Cossack Camp alone, invited "to the conference" on May 28, 1945. The remaining defenseless and unarmed old men, women and children were raped by armed British soldiers.
The Cossacks were not as strong as a quarter of a century ago. Physical and moral extermination, a long stay in prisons and camps in the USSR (as one of the extradited ones said: “I lived in the soviets for 25 years, ten of them were in prisons, and fifteen were wanted, so I absolutely do not believe them”) undermined them former power. But even decapitated, without their officers and combatant Cossacks, they put up stubborn resistance: they were killed and wounded by English soldiers, crushed by tanks, hung in the forest and drowned in the river.
The second part contains a continuation of materials about the betrayal of the allies on the Drava River, in other places - in Italy, France and England, about the forced extradition of the ranks of the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps, General Pannwitz, who voluntarily remained with his Cossacks.
The same fate befell the North Caucasian highlanders, whose camp was located near the Cossack Camp.
Cases of extradition of some groups and persons who do not belong to the Cossacks are given. These included violent actions against Serbian Chetniks led by generals Mushitsky and Rupnik and sending them to Tito's partisans.
There are typical cases of “technical” extradition of people, for example, the Varyag regiment under the command of Colonel M. A. Semenov in Italy. There were also Cossacks in the ranks of this regiment.
Being one of the four members of the GUKV since its inception in March 1944, sometimes replacing the head of the Directorate of Cavalry General P. N. Krasnov, V. G. Naumenko had sufficient information and was one of the main actors in those events.
They identified the first victims of the tragedy. He spoke about the bloody arrest of the Colonel of the Terek Army, a member of the GUKV N. L. Kulakov, about the actions against the Cossacks even before being sent to Soviet concentration camps: according to the testimonies of the Austrians - the workers of the suburbs of Judenburg, in June-July 1945 at a huge steel plant, dismantled and empty , executions were carried out day and night; then suddenly smoke poured out of its chimneys. The plant "worked" for five and a half days ...
In all the renditions, the Reds were conscious enemies of the Soviet government, who, upon returning “home”, were waiting for concentration camps scattered throughout the country, thirty years ago and did not exist on the map of the Russian Empire. The camps were also awaited by millions of prisoners of war, who never were and could not be in the history of the Russian Army.
One of the oldest generals of Volunteerism, the Kuban Army Ataman from 1920 to 1958, V. G. Naumenko corresponded with many people - from an ordinary Cossack to British Prime Minister W. Churchill.
The paradox of history (probably "English"), but Churchill, being an ally of the White armies in the fight against the Bolsheviks in the civil war in Russia, a quarter of a century later, by signing the Yalta agreements, became the culprit of extradition to the councils of millions of people, of which tens of thousands were white warriors :
“... The multimillion-dollar bloody account, which began with the vile murder of the Royal Family, also included the immeasurable poison of Yalta - endless forced repatriations.
By all means, distorting the points of the Yalta agreement, cunningly and cunningly using the ignorance of the allies, the Bolsheviks summed up this account of former opponents - participants in the White movement - to a bloody conclusion.
These enemies were old, persecuted for almost three decades, necessary for retribution, who had previously escaped the hands of the "cheers". The enemies were hardened, irreconcilable counter-revolutionaries of 1917-1922. White Guards of all stripes, all White armies. There were Denikin, Mamontov, Krasnov, Shkurin, Kolchak, Hetman, Petliur, Makhnovist, Kutepovites - all who had gone through the difficult path of emigration through the islands of death Princes, Lemnos, Cyprus. They all passed and carried with them intransigence. Experienced the caress and bitterness of the reception of hospitable foreign states, kingdoms, the heat of the colonial islands and the cold of the northern dominions. All of them had gone through a school... of harsh life in foreign countries, and they all loved their homeland, as they hated those temporary enslavers, with whom now, on the verge of death, they had to meet again, but not in open battle, but defenseless, betrayed by the flagrant injustice of Yalta... »
V. G. Naumenko
Great Betrayal:
Cossacks in World War II.
A collection of documents published in Russia for the first time, memoirs of eyewitnesses and participants in what took place in 1945-1947. forced extradition of the Cossacks who fought on the side of Germany to the Stalinist regime, compiled by Major General, Ataman of the Kuban Army V. G. Naumenko.
The tragedy of more than 110,000 Cossacks who ended up in Germany and Austria at the end of World War II and were deported to the USSR is traced through many hundreds of specific examples. The documents refute the opinion that the deportations of the Cossacks began only after the Yalta Conference (February 1945). A significant place is given to the route from the places of issue to concentration camps in Siberia, life in hard labor, as well as the return of some of the surviving Cossacks to Europe. Cases of the extradition of some groups and individuals who did not belong to the Cossacks, but were in direct connection with it (for example, the extradition of Serb Chetniks led by Generals Mushitsky and Rupnik to the Tito regime) are given. The book is supplemented with unique materials from the personal archive of General Naumenko.
FOREWORD
This tragic page in the life of the Cossacks and all those “in the dispersion of beings” will forever remain a grave sin on the conscience of the “cultural” West.
Most of these people, starting in 1917, led an armed struggle against communism. Some were forced to emigrate from Russia in 1920 and continued their participation in the campaign against the Bolsheviks with the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Others, who experienced the decossackization and famine in the USSR, the “black boards” and repressions of the twenties and thirties, with the arrival of the Germans in the Cossack lands in 1942, resisted the Soviet authorities and retreated with the German troops in 1943, leaving tens of thousands with their families , well understanding what awaits them as a result of "liberation".
As the Red Army advanced into Europe, the Cossacks moved farther and farther to the West, hoping that they would eventually fall into the territory occupied by the troops of the United States and England, whose governments would give them shelter as political refugees. However, the hopes were in vain.
The Bolsheviks regarded the Cossacks as the most dangerous enemies for themselves, in every possible way compromised them, seeking total extradition from the allies.
By the time the Second World War ended, there were up to 110,000 Cossacks in Germany and Austria, and also, partially, in France, Italy, Czechoslovakia and some other Western European states, according to the Main Directorate of the Cossack Troops (GUKV).
Of these, over 20 thousand, including the elderly, women and children - in the Cossack Camp of the Camping Ataman T. I. Domanov, in southern Austria, on the banks of the Drava River near Lienz.
Up to 45 thousand people made up the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps (15th KKK) under the command of Lieutenant General Helmut von Pannwitz, concentrated in southern Austria, north of the city of Klagenfurt.
Many Cossacks in the form of separate hundreds, squadrons, companies, platoons and teams were in different German units, and were also scattered throughout Germany and Austria, in German military institutions, in factories, in the “Todt organization”, at work with peasants, etc. .d.
In addition, they were part of the Cossack regiment and single-handedly in parts of the Russian Corps and thousands in the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) of General A. A. Vlasov, not allocated to separate Cossack units.
Almost all the Cossacks were handed over - for torment and death. The Austrian city of Lienz in the last days of May - early June 1945 became a symbol of the tragedy.
Over the past ten years, a number of works on this topic have been published in our country (this was done abroad much earlier, as will be discussed below).
But few people know that the first book published in Russian about the Lienz tragedy and everything connected with it was the work of the General Staff of Major General V. G. Naumenko "The Great Betrayal", published in New York (1- th volume - 1962, 2nd - 1970). He began to collect materials for this book in the form of testimonies of direct participants and victims of the joint action of the Allies and the Soviets from July 1945.
Publishing them as they become available in "Information" on a rotator in the camps of Kempten, Füssen and Memmingen (the American zone of occupation in Germany), and then in the form of periodic "Collections on the forced extradition of Cossacks in Lienz and other places", General Naumenko carried out his work in for 15 years, breaking through the veil of lies. These materials became the basis, and a look from inside the events - the main advantage of this work.
The first part of the book tells about the extradition of the inhabitants of the Cossack Camp to the Bolsheviks, terrible in its cruelty. The Cossacks traveled thousands of kilometers - from the banks of the Don, Kuban and Terek to the Alps - on horseback, in wagons and on foot, from the birthplace of the Cossack Camp, a military camp in the village of Grechany (six kilometers from the city of Proskurov) - to their Golgotha on the banks Drava.
More than 2,200 officers were issued to the Red Command from Cossack Camp alone, invited "to the conference" on May 28, 1945. The remaining defenseless and unarmed old men, women and children were raped by armed British soldiers.
The Cossacks were not as strong as a quarter of a century ago. Physical and moral extermination, a long stay in prisons and camps in the USSR (as one of the extradited ones said: “I lived in the soviets for 25 years, ten of them were in prisons, and fifteen were wanted, so I absolutely do not believe them”) undermined them former power. But even decapitated, without their officers and combatant Cossacks, they put up stubborn resistance: they were killed and wounded by English soldiers, crushed by tanks, hung in the forest and drowned in the river.
The second part contains a continuation of materials about the betrayal of the allies on the Drava River, in other places - in Italy, France and England, about the forced extradition of the ranks of the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps, General Pannwitz, who voluntarily remained with his Cossacks.
The same fate befell the North Caucasian highlanders, whose camp was located near the Cossack Camp.
Cases of extradition of some groups and persons who do not belong to the Cossacks are given. These included violent actions against Serbian Chetniks led by generals Mushitsky and Rupnik and sending them to Tito's partisans.
There are typical cases of “technical” extradition of people, for example, the Varyag regiment under the command of Colonel M. A. Semenov in Italy. There were also Cossacks in the ranks of this regiment.
Being one of the four members of the GUKV since its inception in March 1944, sometimes replacing the head of the Directorate of Cavalry General P. N. Krasnov, V. G. Naumenko had sufficient information and was one of the main actors in those events.
They identified the first victims of the tragedy. He spoke about the bloody arrest of the Colonel of the Terek Army, a member of the GUKV N. L. Kulakov, about the actions against the Cossacks even before being sent to Soviet concentration camps: according to the testimonies of the Austrians - the workers of the suburbs of Judenburg, in June-July 1945 at a huge steel plant, dismantled and empty , executions were carried out day and night; then suddenly smoke poured out of its chimneys. The plant "worked" for five and a half days ...
In all the renditions, the Reds were conscious enemies of the Soviet government, who, upon returning “home”, were waiting for concentration camps scattered throughout the country, thirty years ago and did not exist on the map of the Russian Empire. The camps were also awaited by millions of prisoners of war, who never were and could not be in the history of the Russian Army.
One of the oldest generals of Volunteerism, the Kuban Army Ataman from 1920 to 1958, V. G. Naumenko corresponded with many people - from an ordinary Cossack to British Prime Minister W. Churchill.
The paradox of history (probably "English"), but Churchill, being an ally of the White armies in the fight against the Bolsheviks in the civil war in Russia, a quarter of a century later, by signing the Yalta agreements, became the culprit of extradition to the councils of millions of people, of which tens of thousands were white warriors :
“... The immeasurable poison of Yalta- endless forced repatriations.
By all means, distorting the points of the Yalta agreement, cunningly and cunningly using the ignorance of the allies, the Bolsheviks summed up this account of former opponents - participants in the White movement - to a bloody conclusion.
These enemies were old, persecuted for almost three decades, necessary for retribution, who had previously escaped the hands of the "cheers". The enemies were seasoned, irreconcilable counter-revolutionaries of 1917-1922. White Guards of all stripes, all White armies. There were Denikin, Mamontov, Krasnov, Shkurin, Kolchak, Hetman, Petliur, Makhnov, Kutepov- all who have gone through the difficult path of emigration life, through the islands of death Princes, Lemnos, Cyprus. They all passed and carried with themintransigence. Experienced the caress and bitterness of the reception of hospitable foreign states, kingdoms, the heat of the colonial islands and the cold of the northern dominions. All of them had gone through a school... of harsh life in foreign countries, and they all loved their homeland, as they hated those temporary enslavers, with whom now, on the verge of death, they had to meet again, but not in open battle, but defenseless, betrayed by the flagrant injustice of Yalta... » 1
It should be noted that after Lienz in 1945, when the tragedy had already occurred, extraditions from other camps and other countries continued. Two (!) Years later, in May 1947, in Italy, the British in Rimini and the Americans in Pisa carried out regular “operations” in the camps for former Soviet citizens, accompanied by suicides and executions.
In Rimini, when loading into trains, the Bykadorovs' father and son tried to work together. The father, saving his son, rushed from the side of the car to the chain of English soldiers and, having knocked down several guards, thus formed a gap. The son rushed into this gap, but was immediately shot dead. The father, who was unconscious, was thrown into the car.
The old mother of the extradited I. Korobko, who met her son in Italy after many years of searching during the war, begged the British to let her share his fate. Mother was torn away from son forever ...
At the station in Bologna, the senior Russian camp group P. Ivanov, who fully believed the word of the British officers, realized that they had been deceived. He reacted to this decisively and boldly and, choosing the moment, called on the people to revolt. The unarmed mass of suicide bombers rushed to the guards, disarmed some of the soldiers and officers, and entered into the last battle of their lives. About a hundred Russians died in the battle. Ivanov himself, seeing the hopelessness of the situation, committed suicide by opening his vein and then his throat with a tin can.
All this happened after the official statement of the representative of the British mission, made by him in April 1947 in the Vatican, that no one from Italy would be extradited by the allied authorities.
Thousands and thousands of Russian people were sent in trains "to their homeland." On the borders of the allied zones, the British guard was replaced by the Soviet one. Near the Austrian city of Graz, after unloading, “judging by the good clothes, some commander immediately came up with two buckets and said, pointing to them: “Here is the cash register for watches, and here for wallets!
While he went through the entire column, they put a full bucket of watches ... After that, the Red Army men attacked the arrivals and began to change clothes, taking away the good ones and giving away their torn ones. This went on until the morning, and some changed their clothes five times. By morning, everyone was literally robbed and in rags. At the same time, many were beaten ... ”- an eyewitness recalled.
That day there were 86,000 Russian men and women in the Graz camp. By evening, after the arrival of trains from the French and Titov zones of occupation, there were more than a hundred thousand prisoners. People were kept in the field, forbidding them to leave the place for six days. They didn’t give bread, they didn’t allow to light a fire, they ate flour mixed with water. To fulfill natural human needs, both men and women were only allowed to crawl a few steps to the side.
Children under the age of 13 were immediately taken away, despite the despair of their mothers. They were put into cool wagons and taken away somewhere ...
All Cossacks and Vlasovites were assigned to special groups and taken out “to work” at night. Cars always returned empty. In just one night, about two thousand people were taken out. According to the Red Army soldiers, they were all shot.
Those returning from interrogation bore traces of beatings. During interrogations, needles were driven under the nails. All women were shaved. Some men were smeared with some kind of liquid from the forehead to the back of the head, after which the hair fell out and clean, bare skin remained. Then they had to go to the concentration camps in Siberia and hard labor.
The second part of the book contains some of the Yalta documents, materials about the debates in the British Parliament and the American Congress on the bloody events during the "actions" of the Allies. It was believed that forced renditions began after the Yalta Conference (February 4-11, 1945). As can be seen from the documents, this happened long before her. In total, the allied authorities in Europe, in order to please Stalin, millions of people were handed over to certain death.
The materials collected by V. G. Naumenko were provided to a number of Western European and American writers, historians, and politicians who turned to the general as a primary source and published their books on this problem 1 . In some of them, as, for example, in the book by the American Y. Epshtein "Operation Keeling" 2 (1973), the bulk of the materials were General Naumenko. And the work The Great Betrayal itself, which is still unknown to the general reader in our country, has been used in recent years by a number of authors quite “diligently”, and even without indicating the source.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Krasnov, Jr., great-nephew of General P. N. Krasnov, who escaped from the USSR to Sweden after Stalin's dungeons and camps, wrote to Vyacheslav Grigorievich: “... I will return to your Collection. I started reading and couldn't put it down! What a colossal work you and your readers have done - witnesses of the terrible tragedy of the Cossacks in particular and the entire Russian people - in general! I imagine all that horror, those inhuman sufferings that our female heroes and babies endured. Read and cry. And no writer will ever so convincingly and vividly describe all the torment, all the pain, as these people who have experienced both the butt of an English soldier and the false smile of their officers ... "
I would like to note once again that everything collected by the Kuban Army Ataman is evidence of people, survivors tragedy and documents about it.
In the preface to the first part, General Naumenko noted: “... We communicate with survivors of the tragedy, listen to their stories and read what they have written down. Due to human weakness, depending on our personal attitude towards their authors, we can sometimes believe in what we should not believe and not believe in what we should believe.
In a different position will be the future historian, who, after many years, as they say, from a distance, will come to an assessment of everything that happened many years ago. He will come with a cold heart and soul, with the sole purpose of correctly assessing everything we have experienced.
In view of the foregoing, I did not set out to give a description of everything that happened, but only had in mind to collect the fullest possible data about it, and only in rare cases, when it was required, did I speak out on one or another issue.
^ For the same reason, the materials in the book are not grouped in chronological or any other order, but are placed as they become available.
When they are printed, repetitions are inevitable, since the authors of individual memoirs often talk about the same moment of the tragedy, and seeming contradictions can be found in their presentation.
^ I'm talking- seeming, because everyone had their observations in an atmosphere of extreme tension, when he could be captured and handed over to the Bolsheviks.
In connection with the need to combine two volumes into one, a number of memoirs are given with slight reductions. In particular, an assessment of the military-political situation on the Eastern Front of World War II, the operations of the Wehrmacht and the Red Army was excluded from some essays, since this topic is very extensive and is not the purpose of this work. In the essays, only those events are left, the participants of which were the authors.
Then, fragments of articles of a descriptive and reference nature (for example, on the geography of the USSR) were removed, intended for Russian emigration and foreign Russian-speaking readers who are unfamiliar with such information.
The names of most persons in articles in the American edition of the book were, for obvious reasons, indicated by the first letter of the surname or initials. Now, working with the diaries of General Naumenko, we have been able to give many of these names in full in the Russian edition. In necessary cases, a number of important fragments taken from the diaries have been added. At the same time, the book retains its original presentation structure: explanations and notes are given before, after, or in the articles themselves. The author's style is preserved without changes. Only obvious stylistic and spelling mistakes made in the foreign edition have been corrected in the text. Some photographs are taken from the album "Les Cosaques de Pannwitz" (Heimdal, Paris, 2000).
The new, 3rd part of the book has been prepared based on materials that were kept in the archives of the Kuban Army Ataman, Major General V. G. Naumenko and have never been published.
These include, first of all, letters from the head of the GUKV, General of the Cavalry P. N. Krasnov, diary entries by V. G. Naumenko about the commander of the 15th KKK, Lieutenant General von Pannwitz, about the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the KONR (Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia), General Lieutenant A. A. Vlasov, on the liberation of Prague by the 1st division of the ROA, on the Russian Corps, correspondence of the Kuban ataman with N. N. Krasnov, Jr., author of the book "Unforgettable", certificates of the extradition of Russian people from the territory of the United States and other materials .
The preparation for the first Russian edition of The Great Betrayal was facilitated by the sincere participation and assistance of the general’s daughter, Natalia Vyacheslavovna Nazarenko-Naumenko, who handed over to the compiler many documents from her father’s archive, and the kind assistance and assistance of Natalia Alexandrovna Korsakova, a senior researcher at the Krasnodar Historical Museum-Reserve. Without their goodwill, the work on the book could not have been carried out, for which I express my deep gratitude to them.
General Naumenko had his own way: through the living testimonies of eyewitnesses of the tragedy, to tell Russia the truth, to open the souls of all those Cossacks to whom the old chieftain dedicated his life in many years of work.
“The Cossacks experienced a lot of terrible things,- he wrote on March 16, 1949, - but little equal to Lienz.
The funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive in Moscow and the State Archive of the Krasnodar Territory contain documents on the life and work of the famous general of the Russian Imperial Army Vyacheslav Grigoryevich Naumenko (1883-1979). Historical documents describe him as a brilliant officer and famous military general during the First World War.
VG Naumenko came from the family of a military foreman of the village of Petrovskaya Kuban region; nobleman, graduated from the Voronezh Cadet Corps, then the Nikolaev Cavalry School in St. Petersburg. In 1903 he was sent to serve in the 1st Poltava Cossack Regiment, in 1911 he entered the Military Academy, after which he was sent to the General Staff. At the beginning of the First World War, he served in the 1st Kuban Cossack Division, took part in the battles from August 1914 to January 1917, was awarded military orders and St. George's weapons.
In November 1917, he arrived in the city of Yekaterinodar and was appointed chief of staff, then commander of the troops of the Kuban region; participant of the 1st and 2nd Kuban campaigns. The honor of liberating Yekaterinodar on August 2, 1918 from the Bolsheviks belongs to V.G. Naumenko and his Kornilov cavalry regiment.
Naumenko's brilliant service in combat units, valiant command of a regiment, brigade and corps, successful activity as chief of staff, commander of the troops of the Kuban region, member of the Kuban regional government and marching ataman of the Kuban Cossack army naturally put him forward during the Civil War among the major figures of the White movement .
The most valuable source on the history of the Civil War in the South of Russia are the diaries of General Naumenko, which he kept from 1918 to 1953. In 2000, the diaries were handed over to the State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory by the daughter of General Natalia Vyacheslavovna Nazarenko.
In total, the collection of diaries of V.G. Naumenko consists of 42 notebooks. Thematically, the contents of the diaries can be conditionally divided into 4 sections. The first diaries date back to the period of the Civil War and evacuation to the Crimea in 1918-1920. They were written mostly in pencil, in field conditions, the text on many pages is already fading away. Of the combat operations of the Volunteer Army, the battles for Yekaterinodar in August 1918, the Ulagay landing in August 1920, and the Zadneprovsk operation in the fall of 1920 are described.
The second section is devoted to the life and work in the 1920s-1930s in exile - Fr. Lemnos, Serbia. The third section - 1941-1949 The events of the Second World War, the rescue of the Regalia of the Kuban Cossack army, the organization of the movement of Cossacks from Europe to the USA, Australia and other countries are described. The diaries of the fourth section contain descriptions of the organization of life and activities of the Kuban Cossacks in the United States.
In diaries relating to the period of the Civil War, Naumenko analyzes the failures of the defeat of the White Army, the relationship between individuals. Excerpts from these diaries were partially published by him in Serbia in 1924 under the pseudonym V. Melnikovsky.2
This is the maiden name of his mother, the daughter of a military judge of the Kuban Cossack army. A special place in the diaries for 1920 is given to the relationship of the Kuban Cossacks and personally General Naumenko with the Commander-in-Chief of the All-Union Socialist Republic, General P.N. Wrangel. Each notebook of diaries begins with the epigraph: "What my eyes saw and ears heard."
General Wrangel arrived in Yekaterinodar on August 25, 1918. In his memoirs, he described the situation in the city, at the headquarters of the army commander, General A.I. Denikin, his appointment as command of the 1st Cavalry Division and the first meeting with Naumenko in the battle near the village of Temirgoevskaya, Maikop Department on August 29.
Here is what Wrangel wrote: “Of the two brigade commanders, I had an excellent assistant in the person of the commander of the 1st brigade of the general staff, Colonel Naumenko, a brave and capable officer.”3
Wrangel, describing the battles and the defeat of the Red Army in the Kuban, repeatedly mentions the merits of General Naumenko, his talent and courage, calling him "the most worthy and brilliant officer", whom he introduced for production to major general.4 During this period, General Naumenko leads a large organizational work on the creation of the Kuban army, which did not find support from the commander-in-chief, General Denikin.5
Judging by Naumenko's diaries, Wrangel had a negative attitude towards the idea of autonomy for the Kuban Cossacks and the creation of the Kuban army. In April 1920, he made a major mistake when, at the request of Ataman N.A. Bukretov, he ordered the recall of military generals Ulagai, Shkuro, Babiev and Naumenko from senior command posts in the Kuban Army.
This is how this situation is described in Naumenko's diary: “April 10, 1920, he was assigned to arrive in Sochi, where General Ulagai and the Terek ataman arrived. Here Ulagay and Shkuro told about the state of affairs. Atamans Donskoy and Tersky decided to transport their Cossacks to the Crimea. Ulagai insisted on the transfer of the Kuban, but Bukretov categorically opposed this, saying that not a single Kuban would follow to the Crimea. Then Ulagay refused to command the army and took it over to Bukretov, who declared that the Kuban army was combat-ready, set up perfectly and ready to fight, but Shkuro, Babiyev, Naumenko, whose presence in the army was not desirable, were hindering the whole thing. As a result, General Wrangel gave the order to recall us to his disposal. Moreover, Ulagay added that Bukretov wants us to leave before his arrival in Sochi. So, we, the Cossacks - Ulagay, Shkuro, Babiev and I, are out of work, and we were replaced - Bukretov, Morozov. 6
For the generals recalled by Wrangel to the Crimea, as well as for the entire army, this was a complete surprise. The army was beheaded.
V.G. Naumenko traveled to Sevastopol on an English ship. “We came to Yalta,” Vyacheslav Grigorievich writes in his diary, “on April 14 in the evening. We spent the night at sea. In the evening they brought a gramophone on deck, which played some strange dances, and the English danced. We had dinner at 11 pm, but our officers were not invited to this dinner. My impression of this trip is the most unpleasant. We Russians are ignored by the British. I don’t know how I will feel abroad, but I will have to go there.
In Yalta, I stopped at 6, Bulvarnaya Street. I saw little of Yalta, but it made a good impression. On the 17th at 8.30 we arrived in Sevastopol. The first person I met was General Shatalov. He spoke about the state of affairs, and, among other things, said that after Romanovsky's death, copies of letters to me were found among the papers, and he showed one of them. So, there was surveillance… From all the conversations, I concluded that there was no unanimity in the headquarters and that there was no certainty that Crimea would be retained either. I am convinced that the help of the allies gives little. There are a lot of neutral ships in the bay, but they are all more curious.”7
In Sevastopol, having met with generals Shkuro, Babiyev and Tobin, an officer of his headquarters, Naumenko learned about the events of April 17-19 in Adler and the surrender of the Kuban army by Ataman Bukretov and General Morozov in the amount of 34 thousand Cossacks to the Bolsheviks. Bukretov himself fled to Georgia, handing over the ataman's mace to the Chairman of the Regional Government VN Ivanis. “To everyone’s surprise,” wrote Naumenko, “General Wrangel received Ivanis in the Crimea very kindly.”8
From Naumenko's diary: “Tobin said that after the surrender, the Reds immediately separated the Cossacks from the officers, ordered them to drop their weapons, and then began to rob everyone. The Cossacks were indignant, a fight began, as a result, part of the Cossacks mounted horses and left. Bukretov and the Reds tried to hide the arrival of transports from the Cossacks, as a result of which many who wished to dive remained. Most outrageous of all behaved Morozov, who went to negotiate with the Bolsheviks with a red bow on his chest. Thus ended the struggle of the Kuban in the Caucasus. The Cossacks were sold by Bukretov, Morozov, and now it is clear that the commander-in-chief made a big mistake, succumbing to Bukretov's tricks. As soon as we left, peace negotiations began, and there was no one to support the bewildered Cossacks.”9
In the diary entries for April 17-18, 1920, Naumenko's meetings are described, both with the Kuban and Wrangel's staff officers, eyewitness accounts of the tragic death of the Kuban army are recorded. The first meeting with Wrangel, which took place on April 18, is described: “In the evening I was at Wrangel’s, but he asked me to come in tomorrow at 7 pm, since the conversation is going to be long, and his time is scheduled by the hour. He asked me if I had received his letter informing me of his departure abroad. Not received. Obviously, it, like Shatilov's last letter, was intercepted by Romanovsky's agents. After Wrangel, I was with Colonel Danilov, who told me about the recall of us to the command of the commander-in-chief and that at the same time an order was given by the ataman to prohibit any of the members of the army from leaving with us. This made a depressing impression, since many officers and Cossacks were going to leave with us for the Crimea.”10
The next day, a detailed conversation between Wrangel and Naumenko took place: “I just returned from General Wrangel on the evening of April 19. He offered me a staff position, but I asked to be given the opportunity to visit the house. When I said that in case of a difficult situation for the family, I intend to transport her here, he said that it was dangerous. As for the Kubans, his proposal was to transfer them here, organize them and transfer them to the Taman Peninsula in two months. General Wrangel believes in an uprising in the Kuban, but I believe that now it is impossible. Performance is possible in July or August, i.е. after harvesting the grain that the Bolsheviks wish to socialize. Wrangel told me about his conversations with Bukretov, he constantly complained about the Kuban generals that we were a hindrance to everything. Wrangel finds that now is the time to throw Bukretov out of the atamanship and accept this position for me. I categorically refused.”11
On the evening of April 22, General Babiev arrived in Sevastopol, who described in detail the events of the surrender of the Kuban army: “With this information,” continues Naumenko, “the three of us, Bogaevsky, Babiev and I, went to Wrangel. He received us immediately and said that he had received information about this from the British and that the situation was far from being so bad that the best units, including 9 thousand people, were sailing to Feodosia, part of the Cossacks had gone to Georgia, part to the mountains and Krasnaya Polyana, and only an insignificant part surrendered to the Bolsheviks (34 thousand) - this is an insignificant part! Here we discussed the question of what to do next and decided, perhaps, to organize the Kuban as soon as possible.”12
In the summer of 1920, Naumenko took part as the commander of the 2nd Corps in the unsuccessful landing of General Ulagai on the Kuban. From the diary: “We left the Kuban on August 24 at 6 pm, taking everything we could. They left several hundred wagons and up to 100 horses, for which there was no place on the ships. We lost about 3,000 people (700 killed, the rest wounded). They came from the Kuban with more than they left. There were 14,000 people, it became 17,000. There were 4,000 horses, there were about 7. There were 28 guns, there were 36. From Achuev, the troops were transported to Kerch, Babiev was sent to Northern Tavria, the Kuban government to Feodosia. Filimonov immediately left for Bulgaria. August 27 left Kerch for Sevastopol. In the morning I was at Wrangel's. Received kindly, but with a preoccupied look. He attributes the main reason for the failure in the Kuban to the wrong actions of Ulagay. I did not agree with him and pointed out that I consider the main reason to be the unsatisfactory preparation on the part of the headquarters of the commander in chief.”13
Quite a few examples are given in the diary entries that testify to Wrangel's ambition and his insincerity both in relation to General Naumenko and in general to the Kuban Cossacks. So, in September 1920, Naumenko wrote with great disappointment and bitterness about Wrangel’s policy: “Having considered the situation of the Kuban issue and the attitude of the main command towards it, I came to the conclusion that Ivanis is beneficial to the main command, with him they hope to take the Cossacks into their own hands. Pay attention to the details: Laying kept in the shade, Tkachev as chieftain is considered completely impossible. They don’t let me get involved in the organization’s business.”14
In November 1920, V.G. Naumenko, wounded in the last battles on the Dnieper, was evacuated to Serbia. Meanwhile, on November 19, on the island of Lemnos, where up to 18 thousand Cossacks were concentrated, all available members of the Rada gathered, and General Naumenko was elected Kuban ataman. This was telegraphed to him by a member of the Lemnos Rada D.E.Skobtsov. Diary entry: “Today I received a telegram from Skobtsov about my election to chieftain. We will have to agree, because in such a difficult time it is impossible to refuse. The Kuban people are completely in the pen.”15
In January 1921, 10 meetings between General Wrangel and Naumenko took place, during which Wrangel put forward such options for organizing the Cossack troops, which, from the point of view of Naumenko, could only disperse the Cossacks. Each meeting at Wrangel ended with a demand to introduce into the declaration proposed by Naumenko on the Union of the three Cossack troops - Don, Kuban and Terek, the leading role of the commander in chief. V.G. Naumenko noted in his diary "that, being a talented commander, he is surprisingly frivolous in other respects." At one of the meetings in Constantinople in January 1921, discussing the failures of the landing on the Kuban, Wrangel said: “This is for the best, after this failure the Cossacks must understand that they cannot do anything. He will prepare the next landing differently and with more non-Cossack units.”16
In 1921, more than 12 thousand Kuban Cossacks were transported from the island of Lemnos to Yugoslavia, and from there they settled in many countries.
In 1923 there was a final break between Naumenko and Wrangel. Naumenko wrote down Wrangel's words about relations with the Kuban Cossacks: "In this matter, let history judge us."17
According to the memoirs of the daughter of V.G. Naumenko, he was in 1923-1924. conducted a correspondence with P.N. Wrangel, in which the issues of failures and defeats during the Civil War, the fate of the Cossacks in exile were discussed. Letters in 1979 were transferred by Natalia Vyacheslavovna for storage to the Kuban Military Museum, which is located in the state of New Jersey. Unfortunately, the author could not find them. Apparently, the letters were not preserved in the museum. According to the memoirs of Natalia Vyacheslavovna, Naumenko, while still in Russia, sharply opposed Wrangel's idea to leave most of the Cossacks in the Kuban in 1920 to organize resistance and uprisings. In exile, Naumenko also spoke out against sending graduates of military educational institutions to Soviet Russia, where almost all of them died.
General Naumenko and his family carried the name of a Russian citizen with honor and dignity throughout the years of emigration, both in Serbia and in the United States. Naumenko did not accept the citizenship of those states in which he lived in exile, although he was repeatedly offered this. The answer was always the same - "I was born and served Russia, and I will die a Russian citizen." In exile, the ataman was not only a well-known public figure, writer, published the Kuban literary and historical collection, but also created Cossack museums in Belgrade and New York, where Cossack regalia and relics were kept.
Researchers, historians, biographers and contemporaries note the enormous role of Naumenko in the preservation of Russian military-historical traditions by the Kuban Cossacks in exile. Documents from the archives of Russian emigration, both abroad and in the Russian Federation, testify that V.G. Naumenko has always been a supporter of a united and indivisible Russia and waged an uncompromising struggle against the independent movement in emigration.
The pages of diaries and memoirs left the bitterness of defeat, sadness about the abandoned Russia, disputes and disagreements between these two generals of the Russian army, who were never able to combine their efforts in the fight against the Bolsheviks.
) - Russian folklorist-musicologist, ethnographer, writer. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia and the Union of Moscow Writers.
He has a musical and pedagogical education. He devoted all his creative activity to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. Most actively went on creative expeditions to various regions and regions of Russia and recorded works of folk art from 1967 to 1994. He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore.
In Russian folklore, G. M. Naumenko plays a special role - a collector, researcher and popularizer of children's musical and poetic folklore. Naumenko showed in his publications and studies all the richness and diversity of children's folklore. He discovered hitherto unknown genres of children's folk music and folklore for children. For the first time, maternity and baptismal songs, pestles and nursery rhymes, fairy tales with tunes, melodic tongue twisters, children's spells and divination, onomatopoeia of bird voices and songs about animals, children's ritual, instrumental and choreographic music were published for the first time. In all its fullness and beauty, the creativity of adults for children was revealed, a phenomenon of great importance, a whole layer of folklore. Its main function is the upbringing and development of the child - physical, artistic, aesthetic.
Of great interest is the author's work of Naumenko. Numerous folklore-style stories have been published for young readers: fairy tales, horror stories, jokes, and poems for children. Here are some of them: "A large reader of mythological and fairy-tale characters for children." Moscow: Astrel, AST, 2008; "All Slavic mythology", 2004; "Children's mixers", 2006. In the series of books "Your Horror" published by the AST publishing house, five books were published: "Dead Man's Well", 2000; "Dragon's Claw", 2001; "Ghosts of the Night", 2001; “Spirits of the Black Forest, 2001; Black skull, 2002.
Bibliography
Naumenko G. M. Russian folk tales, tongue twisters and riddles with tunes. Moscow: Soviet composer, 1977.
Naumenko G. M. Zhavoronushki: Russian songs, jokes, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, fairy tales, games. Moscow: Soviet composer. Issue. I. - 1977; Issue. II. - 1981; Issue. III. - 1984; Issue. IV. - 1986; Issue. V. - 1988.
Naumenko G. M. Rodnichok. Russian folk songs, games, fairy tales. M.: Music, 1980.
Naumenko G. M. Gulenki. Russian folk jokes, invocations, sentences. Moscow: Malysh, 1982.
Naumenko G. M. Jester, Foma and Yeryoma, soldiers, Poshekhonians and others ... Russian folk humor. M.: Children's literature, 1984.
Naumenko G. M. Rain, rain, stop it! Russian folk children's musical creativity. Moscow: Soviet composer, 1988.
Naumenko G. M. Wonderful box. Russian folk songs, fairy tales, games, riddles. M.: Children's literature, 1988.
Naumenko G. M. Kitten-cat. Russian folk children's songs. M.: Dom, 1990.
Naumenko G. M. Golden sickle. Russian folk tales. Moscow: Malysh, 1993.
Naumenko G. M. The sun-bucket: Children's musical folklore of the Arkhangelsk region. Arkhangelsk: Belaya Gornitsa, 1994.
Naumenko G. M. Folklore alphabet. M.: Academy, 1996.
Naumenko G. M. Velizh songs. Musical folklore of the Smolensk region. M.: Guslyar, 1997.
Naumenko G. M. Russian children's horror stories. Moscow: Classics plus, 1997.
Naumenko G.M. Ethnography of childhood. Moscow: Belovodie, 1998.
Naumenko G. M. Children's musical folklore. Moscow: Composer, 1999.
Naumenko G.M. Children's horror films. Moscow: Planeta detstva, Astrel, AST, 1999.
Naumenko G. M. Folklore holiday in kindergarten and at school. M.: LINKA-PRESS, 2000.
Naumenko G. M. Riddles, proverbs, tongue twisters. M.: Astrel, AST, 2000.
Naumenko G. M. Dead man's well. Moscow: Planeta detstva, Astrel, AST, 2000.
Naumenko G. M. Folk wisdom and knowledge about the child. Ethnography of childhood. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Folk children's poetic creativity. Recordings 1967-1994 M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Russian folk children's songs and fairy tales with tunes. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Folk holidays, rituals and seasons in songs and fairy tales. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Cat Bayun, Baba Yaga and their friends. Folk tales, riddles, horror stories, teasers, jokes, fables, tongue twisters. M.: Bustard, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Dragon Claw. M .: Planet of childhood, Astrel, AST, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Ghosts of the night. M .: Planet of childhood, Astrel, AST, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Spirits of the black forest. M .: Planet of childhood, Astrel, AST, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. New Year - round dance around the Christmas tree. M.: Kifara, 2001.
Naumenko G. M. Black skull. M .: Planeta detstva, Astrel, AST, 2002.
Naumenko G. M. A terrible book for brave kids. M.: Globulus, 2002.
Naumenko G. M. Youth gatherings. Moscow: Rifme, 2002.
Naumenko G. M. Secrets of Consciousness. Path to health. M.: Aleteya, 2002.
Naumenko G. M. From Christmas to Intercession. Folk spiritual songs. M.: Kifara, 2002.
Naumenko G. M. Russian folk children's games with tunes. M.: Liberea, 2003.
Naumenko G. M. Games, signs, proverbs, and riddles. M.: Astrel, AST, 2003.
Naumenko G. M. Kotinka-cat. Lullabies, nursery rhymes, jokes. M., OLMA-PRESS Education, 2003.
Naumenko G. M. Holidays in folk traditions. Moscow: Rifme, 2004.
Naumenko G.M. Fortune-telling, carols, stoneflies, Russian songs and fairy tales. M.: Astrel, AST, 2004.
Naumenko G. M. All Slavic mythology. Moscow: Astrel, AST, Lux, 2004.
Naumenko G. M. Baby mixers. Moscow: Astrel, AST, Lux, 2006.
Naumenko G. M. People's pantry. Moscow: Rifme, 2007.
Naumenko G. M. Aliens and earthlings. Contact evidence. Moscow: Hobby book, AST, 2007.
Naumenko G. M. All about UFOs. Truths and lies about aliens. Moscow: Hobby book, AST, 2007.
Naumenko G. M. Legends, songs, proverbs, games of the peoples of Russia. M.: Astrel, AST, 2007.
Naumenko G. M. Explicit about the secret. The science of the birth, deeds, resurrection of Christ. Moscow: Belovodie, 2008.
Naumenko G. M. A large reader of mythological and fairy-tale characters for children. M.: Astrel, AST, 2008.
Naumenko G. M. Encyclopedia of practical esotericism. Moscow: Hobby-book, AST, 2009.
Naumenko G. M. Aliens from the past. M.: VECHE, 2009.
Naumenko G.M. The Great Secret of Being. Moscow: Belovodie, 2009.
Naumenko G. M. A large reader of folk children's songs, riddles, fairy tales, games, mixers ... M .: Astrel, AST, 2009.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "Naumenko G.M." in other dictionaries:
NAUMENKOV NAUMKIN NAUMOV NAUMYCHENKO NAUMYCHIK NAUMSHIN NAUMYCHEV From the baptismal name Naum (from other Hebrew comforting) and its derivative forms. (Source: "Dictionary of Russian surnames." ("Onomasticon")) ... Russian surnames
Mike Naumenko Date of birth April 18, 1955 Place of birth Leningrad Date of death August 27, 1991 Place of death ... Wikipedia
Naumenko An ambiguous term denoting the following: Ukrainian surname Naumenko, Alexander Anatolyevich (born 1956) Russian opera singer (bass) Naumenko, Vladimir Pavlovich (1852 1919) Ukrainian teacher, philologist, journalist ... ... Wikipedia
Auth. bro. on beekeeping (Ekaterinoslav, 1900). (Vengerov) ...
Doctor, r. 1860. (Vengerov) ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Ed. collection "Kukareku" (M., 1910). (Vengerov) ... Big biographical encyclopedia
I Naumenko Ivan Yakovlevich (born February 16, 1925, the village of Vasilevichi, now the Rechitsa district of the Gomel region), Belarusian Soviet writer, literary critic, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR (1972). Member of the CPSU since 1948. Born into a working-class family. Graduated… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (Vladimir Pavlovich) writer, from an old Cossack family of the Poltava province; genus. in 1852; graduated from the course of Kyiv University at the Faculty of History and Philology, is a teacher in Kyiv gymnasiums, since 1893 the editor of Kyiv Antiquity ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
NAUMENKO- Vyacheslav Grigorievich (cub.) February 25 (O.S.) 1883, Art. Petrovskaya; general. Kuban chieftain. He graduated from the Voronezh Cadet Corps and from the harness of the junkers of the Nikolaev Cavalry School with the rank of cornet was released into service in the 1st ... ... Cossack dictionary-reference book
Naumenko I. Ya.- NAUMENKO Ivan Yakovlevich (b. 1925), Belarusian. writer, literary critic. Op. preim. from the life of youth: tril. Pine by the Road (1962), Wind in the Pines (1967), Forty-Third (1973); rum. Dreamer (1985), collections of stories and short stories, incl. Our poplars… Biographical Dictionary
Books
- Art. Music. Grade 5 Diary of musical observations to the textbook by T. I. Naumenko, V. V. Aleeva. Vertical. Federal State Educational Standard, Naumenko T.I. Music. Grade 5`(M.: Bustard) for educational institutions of various types. The textbook matches...
