On December 10, 1933, King Gustav V of Sweden presented the Nobel Prize in Literature to the writer Ivan Bunin, who became the first Russian writer to receive this high award. In total, the award, established by the inventor of dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel in 1833, was received by 21 natives of Russia and the USSR, five of them in the field of literature. True, historically, the Nobel Prize was fraught with big problems for Russian poets and writers.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin handed out the Nobel Prize to friends
In December 1933, the Paris press wrote: Without a doubt, I.A. Bunin - in recent years - the most powerful figure in Russian fiction and poetry», « the king of literature confidently and equally shook hands with the crowned monarch". The Russian emigration applauded. In Russia, however, the news that a Russian emigrant received the Nobel Prize was treated very caustically. After all, Bunin negatively perceived the events of 1917 and emigrated to France. Ivan Alekseevich himself experienced emigration very hard, was actively interested in the fate of his abandoned homeland, and during the Second World War he categorically refused all contacts with the Nazis, having moved to the Maritime Alps in 1939, returning from there to Paris only in 1945.
It is known that Nobel laureates have the right to decide for themselves how to spend the money they receive. Someone invests in the development of science, someone in charity, someone in their own business. Bunin, a creative person and devoid of "practical ingenuity", disposed of his bonus, which amounted to 170,331 crowns, completely irrationally. The poet and literary critic Zinaida Shakhovskaya recalled: “ Returning to France, Ivan Alekseevich ... apart from money, began to arrange feasts, distribute "allowances" to emigrants, and donate funds to support various societies. Finally, on the advice of well-wishers, he invested the remaining amount in some kind of “win-win business” and was left with nothing.».
Ivan Bunin is the first émigré writer to be published in Russia. True, the first publications of his stories appeared already in the 1950s, after the death of the writer. Some of his novels and poems were published in his homeland only in the 1990s.
Dear God, what are you for?
He gave us passions, thoughts and worries,
Thirst for business, glory and comfort?
Joyful cripples, idiots,
The leper is the happiest of all.
(I. Bunin. September, 1917)
Boris Pasternak refused the Nobel Prize
Boris Pasternak was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel" annually from 1946 to 1950. In 1958, last year's Nobel laureate Albert Camus again proposed his candidacy, and on October 23, Pasternak became the second Russian writer to be awarded this prize.The writers' environment in the poet's homeland took this news extremely negatively, and already on October 27, Pasternak was unanimously expelled from the Writers' Union of the USSR, at the same time submitting a petition to deprive Pasternak of Soviet citizenship. In the USSR, Pasternak was associated with receiving the award only with his novel Doctor Zhivago. The Literary Gazette wrote: “Pasternak received “thirty pieces of silver”, for which the Nobel Prize was used. He was rewarded for agreeing to play the role of bait on the rusty hook of anti-Soviet propaganda ... An inglorious end awaits the resurrected Judas, Doctor Zhivago, and his author, whose lot will be popular contempt ".
The mass campaign launched against Pasternak forced him to refuse the Nobel Prize. The poet sent a telegram to the Swedish Academy, in which he wrote: Because of the significance that the award awarded to me has received in the society to which I belong, I must refuse it. Do not take my voluntary refusal as an insult».
It is worth noting that in the USSR until 1989, even in the school curriculum on literature about Pasternak's work, there was no mention. The director Eldar Ryazanov was the first to decide to massively acquaint the Soviet people with the creative work of Pasternak. In his comedy "The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath!" (1976) he included the poem "There Will Be No One in the House", transforming it into an urban romance, performed by the bard Sergei Nikitin. Later, Ryazanov included in his film "Office Romance" an excerpt from another poem by Pasternak - "To love others is a heavy cross ..." (1931). True, he sounded in a farcical context. But it is worth noting that at that time the very mention of Pasternak's poems was a very bold step.
Easy to wake up and see
Shake verbal rubbish from the heart
And live without clogging in the future,
All this is not a big trick.
(B. Pasternak, 1931)
Mikhail Sholokhov, receiving the Nobel Prize, did not bow to the monarch
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965 for his novel The Quiet Flows the Flows Flows the Flows Flows and went down in history as the only Soviet writer to receive this award with the consent of the Soviet leadership. The diploma of the laureate says "in recognition of the artistic strength and honesty that he showed in his Don epic about the historical phases of the life of the Russian people."
Gustav Adolf VI, who presented the award to the Soviet writer, called him "one of the most outstanding writers of our time." Sholokhov did not bow to the king, as prescribed by the rules of etiquette. Some sources claim that he did it intentionally with the words: “We, the Cossacks, do not bow to anyone. Here in front of the people - please, but I will not be in front of the king ... "
Alexander Solzhenitsyn was deprived of Soviet citizenship because of the Nobel Prize
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, the commander of a sound reconnaissance battery, who rose to the rank of captain during the war years and was awarded two military orders, was arrested in 1945 by front-line counterintelligence for anti-Sovietism. Sentence - 8 years in camps and life exile. He went through a camp in New Jerusalem near Moscow, Marfinskaya "sharashka" and the Special Ekibastuz camp in Kazakhstan. In 1956, Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated, and since 1964 Alexander Solzhenitsyn devoted himself to literature. At the same time, he worked immediately on 4 major works: The Gulag Archipelago, The Cancer Ward, The Red Wheel and In the First Circle. In the USSR in 1964 they published the story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", and in 1966 the story "Zakhar-Kalita".
On October 8, 1970, Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize "for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature." This was the reason for the persecution of Solzhenitsyn in the USSR. In 1971, all the writer's manuscripts were confiscated, and in the next 2 years, all his publications were destroyed. In 1974, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was issued, according to which, for the systematic commission of actions incompatible with belonging to the citizenship of the USSR and damaging the USSR, Alexander Solzhenitsyn was deprived of Soviet citizenship and deported from the USSR.
Citizenship was returned to the writer only in 1990, and in 1994 he and his family returned to Russia and became actively involved in public life.
Nobel Prize winner Joseph Brodsky in Russia was convicted of parasitism
Iosif Alexandrovich Brodsky began to write poetry at the age of 16. Anna Akhmatova predicted a hard life for him and a glorious creative destiny. In 1964, in Leningrad, a criminal case was opened against the poet on charges of parasitism. He was arrested and sent into exile in the Arkhangelsk region, where he spent a year.
In 1972, Brodsky turned to Secretary General Brezhnev with a request to work in his homeland as a translator, but his request remained unanswered, and he was forced to emigrate. Brodsky first lives in Vienna, in London, and then moves to the United States, where he becomes a professor at New York, Michigan and other universities in the country.
On December 10, 1987, Joseph Brosky was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his comprehensive work, saturated with the clarity of thought and the passion of poetry." It is worth saying that Brodsky, after Vladimir Nabokov, is the second Russian writer who writes in English as his native language.
The sea was not visible. In the white mist
swaddled on all sides of us, absurd
it was thought that the ship was going to land -
if it was a ship at all,
and not a clot of fog, as if poured
who whitened in milk.
(B. Brodsky, 1972)
Interesting fact
At different times, such famous personalities as Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Franklin Roosevelt, Nicholas Roerich and Leo Tolstoy were nominated for the Nobel Prize at various times, but never received it.
Literature lovers will definitely be interested - a book that is written with disappearing ink.
On December 10, 1901, the world's first Nobel Prize was awarded. Since then, five Russian writers have received this Literary Prize.
1933, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
Bunin was the first Russian writer to receive such a high award - the Nobel Prize in Literature. It happened in 1933, when Bunin had been living in exile in Paris for several years. The prize was awarded to Ivan Bunin "for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." It was about the largest work of the writer - the novel "The Life of Arseniev".
Accepting the award, Ivan Alekseevich said that he was the first exile awarded the Nobel Prize. Together with the diploma, Bunin received a check for 715 thousand French francs. With Nobel money, he could live comfortably until the end of his days. But they quickly ran out. Bunin spent them very easily, generously distributed them to needy emigrant colleagues. He invested part of it in a business that, as he was promised by "well-wishers", a win-win, and went bankrupt.
It was after receiving the Nobel Prize that Bunin's all-Russian fame grew into worldwide fame. Every Russian in Paris, even those who have not yet read a single line of this writer, took it as a personal holiday.
1958, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
For Pasternak, this high award and recognition turned into a real persecution in his homeland.
Boris Pasternak was nominated for the Nobel Prize more than once - from 1946 to 1950. And in October 1958 he was awarded this award. This happened just after the publication of his novel Doctor Zhivago. The prize was awarded to Pasternak "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel."
Immediately after receiving the telegram from the Swedish Academy, Pasternak replied "extremely grateful, touched and proud, amazed and embarrassed." But after it became known about the award of the prize to him, the newspapers Pravda and Literaturnaya Gazeta attacked the poet with indignant articles, awarding him with epithets, "traitor", "slanderer", "Judas". Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union and forced to refuse the award. And in a second letter to Stockholm, he wrote: “Because of the significance that the award awarded to me has received in the society to which I belong, I must refuse it. Do not take my voluntary refusal as an insult.
Boris Pasternak's Nobel Prize was awarded to his son 31 years later. In 1989, the indispensable secretary of the Academy, Professor Store Allen, read both telegrams sent by Pasternak on October 23 and 29, 1958, and said that the Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak's refusal of the prize as forced and, after thirty-one years, is presenting his medal to his son, regretting that the winner is no longer alive.
1965, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
Mikhail Sholokhov was the only Soviet writer who received the Nobel Prize with the consent of the USSR leadership. Back in 1958, when a delegation of the Union of Writers of the USSR visited Sweden and found out that the names of Pasternak and Shokholov were among those nominated for the prize, a telegram sent to the Soviet ambassador in Sweden said: “It would be desirable, through cultural figures close to us, to give understand the Swedish public that the Soviet Union would highly appreciate the award of the Nobel Prize to Sholokhov. But then the award was given to Boris Pasternak. Sholokhov received it in 1965 - "for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia." By this time, his famous "Quiet Flows the Don" had already been released.
1970, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn
Alexander Solzhenitsyn became the fourth Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1970 "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." By this time, such outstanding works by Solzhenitsyn as Cancer Ward and In the First Circle had already been written. Upon learning of the award, the writer stated that he intended to receive the award "in person, on the appointed day." But after the announcement of the award, the persecution of the writer at home gained full strength. The Soviet government considered the decision of the Nobel Committee "politically hostile". Therefore, the writer was afraid to go to Sweden to receive an award. He accepted it with gratitude, but did not participate in the award ceremony. Solzhenitsyn received his diploma only four years later - in 1974, when he was expelled from the USSR to the FRG.
The writer's wife, Natalya Solzhenitsyna, is still convinced that the Nobel Prize saved her husband's life and made it possible to write. She noted that if he had published The Gulag Archipelago without being a Nobel Prize winner, he would have been killed. By the way, Solzhenitsyn was the only winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, who took only eight years from the first publication to the award.
1987, Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky
Joseph Brodsky became the fifth Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize. This happened in 1987, at the same time his large book of poems, Urania, was published. But Brodsky received the award not as a Soviet, but as an American citizen who had lived in the United States for a long time. The Nobel Prize was awarded to him "for a comprehensive work imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity." Receiving the award in his speech, Joseph Brodsky said: “For a private person who has preferred this whole life to any public role, for a person who has gone quite far in this preference - and in particular from his homeland, for it is better to be the last loser in democracy than a martyr or ruler of thoughts in despotism - to suddenly appear on this podium is a great awkwardness and test.
It should be noted that after Brodsky was awarded the Nobel Prize, and this event just happened during the beginning of perestroika in the USSR, his poems and essays began to be actively published at home.
The Nobel Committee has been silent about its work for a long time, and only after 50 years does it reveal information about how the prize was awarded. On January 2, 2018, it became known that Konstantin Paustovsky was among the 70 candidates for the 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature.
The company was very worthy: Samuel Beckett, Louis Aragon, Alberto Moravia, Jorge Luis Borges, Pablo Neruda, Yasunari Kawabata, Graham Greene, Wisten Hugh Auden. That year the Academy awarded the Guatemalan writer Miguel Angel Asturias "for his living literary achievements, deeply rooted in the national traits and traditions of the indigenous peoples of Latin America." 
The name of Konstantin Paustovsky was proposed by a member of the Swedish Academy, Eivind Junson, but the Nobel Committee rejected his candidacy with the wording: “The Committee would like to emphasize its interest in this proposal for a Russian writer, but for natural reasons it should be put aside for the time being.” It is difficult to say what "natural causes" we are talking about. It remains only to cite the known facts.
In 1965, Paustovsky was already nominated for the Nobel Prize. It was an unusual year, because among the nominees for the award were four Russian writers at once - Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Sholokhov, Konstantin Paustovsky, Vladimir Nabokov. In the end, Mikhail Sholokhov received the prize, so as not to irritate the Soviet authorities too much after the previous Nobel laureate Boris Pasternak, whose award caused a huge scandal.
The prize for literature was first awarded in 1901. Since then, six authors writing in Russian have received it. Some of them cannot be attributed either to the USSR or to Russia in connection with questions of citizenship. However, their instrument was the Russian language, and this is the main thing.
Ivan Bunin becomes the first Russian Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933, taking the top on his fifth attempt. As subsequent history will show, this will not be the longest path to the Nobel. 
The award was presented with the wording "for the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose."
In 1958, the Nobel Prize went to a representative of Russian literature for the second time. Boris Pasternak was noted "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel." 
For Pasternak himself, the award brought nothing but problems and a campaign under the slogan “I didn’t read it, but I condemn it!”. It was about the novel "Doctor Zhivago", which was published abroad, which at that time was equated with a betrayal of the motherland. Even the fact that the novel was published in Italy by a communist publishing house did not save the situation. The writer was forced to refuse the award under the threat of expulsion from the country and threats against his family and loved ones. The Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak's refusal of the prize as forced and in 1989 presented a diploma and a medal to his son. This time there were no incidents.
In 1965, Mikhail Sholokhov became the third recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia." 
It was the "correct" award from the point of view of the USSR, especially since the state supported the writer's candidacy directly.
In 1970, the Nobel Prize in Literature went to Alexander Solzhenitsyn "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." 
The Nobel Committee made excuses for a long time that its decision was not political, as the Soviet authorities claimed. Supporters of the version about the political nature of the award note two things - only eight years have passed from the moment of the first publication of Solzhenitsyn to the award of the award, which cannot be compared with other laureates. Moreover, by the time the prize was awarded, neither The Gulag Archipelago nor The Red Wheel had been published.
The fifth Nobel Prize in Literature in 1987 was the émigré poet Joseph Brodsky, awarded "for his all-encompassing work, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity." 
The poet was forcibly sent into exile in 1972 and had American citizenship at the time of the award.
Already in the 21st century, in 2015, that is, 28 years later, Svetlana Aleksievich receives the Nobel Prize as a representative of Belarus. And again, there was some scandal. Many writers, public figures and politicians were rejected by the ideological position of Aleksievich, others believed that her works were ordinary journalism and had nothing to do with artistic creativity. 
In any case, a new page has opened in the history of the Nobel Prize. For the first time, the prize was awarded not to a writer, but to a journalist.
Thus, almost all decisions of the Nobel Committee concerning writers from Russia had a political or ideological background. This began as early as 1901, when Swedish academics addressed a letter to Tolstoy, calling him "the venerable patriarch of modern literature" and "one of those powerful penetrating poets, which in this case should be remembered first of all."
The main message of the letter was the desire of academicians to justify their decision not to award the prize to Leo Tolstoy. Academicians wrote that the great writer himself "never aspired to such an award." Leo Tolstoy thanked in response: “I was very pleased that the Nobel Prize was not awarded to me ... This saved me from a great difficulty - to manage this money, which, like any money, in my opinion, can only bring evil.”
Forty-nine Swedish writers, led by August Strindberg and Selma Lagerlöf, wrote a letter of protest to the Nobel academicians. All in all, the great Russian writer was nominated for the award for five years in a row, the last time it was in 1906, four years before his death. It was then that the writer turned to the committee with a request not to award him the prize, so that he would not have to refuse later. 
Today, the opinions of those experts who excommunicated Tolstoy from the prize have become the property of history. Among them is Professor Alfred Jensen, who believed that the philosophy of the late Tolstoy was contrary to the will of Alfred Nobel, who dreamed of an "idealistic orientation" of his works. And "War and Peace" is completely "devoid of understanding of history." The secretary of the Swedish Academy, Karl Virsen, even more categorically formulated his point of view on the impossibility of awarding the prize to Tolstoy: "This writer condemned all forms of civilization and insisted in return for them to adopt a primitive way of life, cut off from all the establishments of high culture."
Among those who became a nominee, but did not have the honor of giving the Nobel lecture, there are many big names.
This is Dmitry Merezhkovsky (1914, 1915, 1930-1937) 
Maxim Gorky (1918, 1923, 1928, 1933) 
Konstantin Balmont (1923) 
Pyotr Krasnov (1926) 
Ivan Shmelev (1931) 
Mark Aldanov (1938, 1939) 
Nikolai Berdyaev (1944, 1945, 1947) 
As you can see, the list of nominees includes mainly those Russian writers who were in exile at the time of the nomination. This series has been replenished with new names.
This is Boris Zaitsev (1962) 
Vladimir Nabokov (1962) 
Of the Soviet Russian writers, only Leonid Leonov (1950) was on the list. 
Anna Akhmatova, of course, can only be considered a Soviet writer conditionally, because she had the citizenship of the USSR. The only time she was in the Nobel nomination in 1965. 
If you wish, you can name more than one Russian writer who has earned the title of Nobel Prize winner for his work. For example, Joseph Brodsky in his Nobel lecture mentioned three Russian poets who would be worthy to be on the Nobel podium. These are Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva and Anna Akhmatova.
The further history of the Nobel nominations will surely reveal many more interesting things to us.
For the entire period of the Nobel Prize, Russian writers have been awarded 5 times. The Nobel Prize winners were 5 Russian writers and one Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievich, the author of such works: “ War has no woman's face», « Zinc Boys"and other works written in Russian. The wording for the award was: For the many-voiced sound of her prose and perpetuation of suffering and courage»
2.1. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870-1953) The prize was awarded in 1933 " for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in an artistic rose a typical Russian character, for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose» . In his speech at the award ceremony, Bunin noted the courage of the Swedish Academy, which honored the émigré writer (he emigrated to France in 1920).
2.2. Boris Pasternak- Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958. Awarded the " for outstanding services in modern lyric poetry and in the field of great Russian prose» . For Pasternak himself, the award brought nothing but problems and a campaign under the slogan “ I haven't read it, but I do!". The writer was forced to refuse the award under the threat of expulsion from the country. The Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak's refusal of the prize as forced and in 1989 presented a diploma and a medal to his son.
Nobel Prize I disappeared like an animal in a pen. Somewhere people, will, light, And behind me the noise of the chase, I can't go outside. Dark forest and the shore of the pond, Fir felled log. The path is cut off from everywhere. Whatever happens, it doesn't matter. What did I do for dirty tricks, I am a murderer and a villain? I made the whole world cry Over the beauty of my land. But even so, almost at the coffin, I believe, the time will come - The strength of meanness and malice Will overcome the spirit of good.
B. Pasternak
2.3. Mikhail Sholokhov. The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1965. Awarded " for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia». In his speech during the awards ceremony, Sholokhov said that his goal was " exalt a nation of workers, builders and heroes».
2.4. Alexander Solzhenitsyn- Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970. « for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature». The government of the Soviet Union considered the decision of the Nobel Committee " politically hostile”, and Solzhenitsyn, fearing that after his trip he would not be able to return to his homeland, accepted the award, but did not attend the award ceremony.
2.5. Joseph Brodsky- Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1987. Awarded « for multifaceted creativity, marked by the sharpness of thought and deep poetry». In 1972 he was forced to emigrate from the USSR and lived in the USA.
2.6. In 2015, a Belarusian writer and journalist sensationally receives the award Svetlana Aleksievich. She wrote such works as "War does not have a woman's face", "Zinc Boys", "Charmed by Death", "Chernobyl Prayer", "Second Hand Time" and others. A rather rare event in recent years, when the award was given to a person who writes in Russian.
3. Nobel Prize nominees
The Nobel Prize in Literature is the most prestigious award given annually by the Nobel Foundation for achievements in literature since 1901. An award-winning writer appears in the eyes of millions of people as an incomparable talent or genius who, with his work, has managed to win the hearts of readers from all over the world.
However, there are a number of famous writers who, for various reasons, bypassed the Nobel Prize, but they deserved it no less than their fellow laureates, and sometimes even more. Who are they?
Half a century later, the Nobel Committee reveals its secrets, so today it is known not only who received awards in the first half of the 20th century, but also who did not receive them, remaining among the nominees.
The first hit in the number of nominees for the literary " Nobel"Russians" refers to 1901 - then Leo Tolstoy was nominated for the award among other nominees, but he did not become the owner of the prestigious award for several more years. Leo Tolstoy would be present in the nominations annually until 1906, and the only reason why the author " War and peace"did not become the first Russian laureate" Nobel”, became his own decisive refusal of the award, as well as a request not to award it.
M. Gorky was nominated in 1918, 1923, 1928, 1930, 1933 (5 times)
Konstantin Balmont was nominated in 1923,
Dmitry Merezhkovsky -1914, 1915, 1930, 1931 - 1937 (10 times)
Shmelev - 1928, 1932
Mark Aldanov - 1934, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 - 1956.1957 (12 times)
Leonid Leonov -1949,1950.
Konstantin Paustovsky -1965, 1967
And how many geniuses of Russian literature were not even nominated for Bulgakov, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, Yevgeny Yevtushenko... Everyone can continue this brilliant series with the names of their favorite writers and poets.
Why are Russian writers and poets so rarely among the laureates?
It's no secret that the prize is often awarded for political reasons. , - says Philip Nobel, a descendant of Alfred Nobel. But there is another important reason as well. In 1896, Alfred left a condition in his will: the capital of the Nobel Fund must be invested in shares of strong companies that give a good profit. In the 20-30s of the last century, the fund's money was invested primarily in American corporations. Since then, the Nobel Committee and the US have had very close ties.”
Anna Akhmatova could have received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1966, but she. died March 5, 1966, so her name was not later considered. According to the rules of the Swedish Academy, the Nobel Prize can only be awarded to living writers. Only those writers who quarreled with the Soviet authorities received the prize: Joseph Brodsky, Ivan Bunin, Boris Pasternak, Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
The Swedish Academy of Sciences did not favor Russian literature: at the beginning of the 20th century, it rejected L.N. Tolstoy and did not notice the brilliant A.P. Chekhov, passed by no less significant writers and poets of the twentieth century: M. Gorky, V. Mayakovsky, M. Bulgakov and others. It should also be noted that I. Bunin, as well as other Nobel laureates later (B. Pasternak, A. Solzhenitsyn , I. Brodsky) was in a state of acute conflict with the Soviet authorities.
Be that as it may, the great writers and poets, Nobel Prize winners, whose creative path was thorny, built a pedestal for themselves with their brilliant creations. The personality of these great sons of Russia is enormous not only in Russian, but also in the world literary process. And in the memory of people they will remain as long as humanity lives and creates.
« Exploded heart»… This is how you can characterize the state of mind of our compatriot writers who have become Nobel Prize winners. They are our pride! And our pain and shame for what we did with I.A. Bunin and B.L. Pasternak, A.I. Solzhenitsyn and I.A. Brodsky by official authorities, for their forced loneliness and exile. In St. Petersburg there is a monument to Nobel on the Petrovskaya embankment. True, this monument is a sculptural composition " exploded tree».
Fantasy about Nobel. There is no need to dream about the Nobel, After all, it is awarded by chance, And someone, alien to the highest standards, Keeps joyless secrets. I have never been to distant Sweden, As in dreams of snow-covered Nepal, And Brodsky wanders around Venice And silently looks into the canals. He was an outcast, who did not know love, He slept in a hurry and ate unsweetened, But, having changed plus for minus, He married an aristocrat.
Sitting in Venetian bars And talking to counts, He mixed cognac with resentment, Antiquity with the age of the Internet. Rhymes were born from the surf, They were strong enough to write down. But what are poems? They are empty, Nobel came out of the grave again. I asked: - Let the genius - Brodsky. Let him shine in a pair of tailcoats, But Paustovsky lived somewhere, Not Sholokhov in pairs of cognac. Zabolotsky lived, fell into the abyss, And resurrected, and became great. There lived Simonov, gray-haired and sober, Tashkent counted ditches. But what about Twardowski? Glorious sidekick, That's who perfectly sculpts the lines! Where are you, Uncle Nobel, looking? Mendel.
“In works of great emotional power, he revealed the abyss that lies beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world,” says the official release published on the website announcing the new Nobel Prize in Literature winner, Japanese-born British writer Kazuo Ishiguro.
A native of Nagasaki, he moved with his family to Britain in 1960. The first novel of the writer - "Where the hills are in the haze" - was published in 1982 and was dedicated to his hometown and new homeland. The novel tells about a native of Japan, who, after the suicide of her daughter and moving to England, cannot get rid of obsessive dreams about the destruction of Nagasaki.
Great success came to Ishiguro with the novel The Rest of the Day (1989),
dedicated to the fate of the former butler, who served one noble house all his life. For this novel, Ishiguro received the Booker Prize, and the jury voted unanimously, which is unprecedented for this award. In 1993, an American film director filmed this book with and starring.
The writer's fame was greatly supported by the release in 2010 of the film based on the dystopia Don't Let Me Go, which takes place in alternative Britain at the end of the 20th century, where organ donor children for cloning are raised in a special boarding school. They played in the picture, Keira Knightley, and others.
In 2005, this novel was included in the list of the top 100 according to the version.
Kazuo's latest novel, The Buried Giant, published in 2015, is considered one of Kazuo's strangest and boldest works. This is a medieval fantasy novel in which an elderly couple's journey to a neighboring village to visit their son becomes a path to their own memories. Along the way, the couple defend themselves from dragons, ogres, and other mythological monsters. You can read more about the book.
The amount of the award this year is $1.12 million. The award ceremony will take place at the Stockholm Philharmonic on December 10, the day the founder of the award died.
literary rate
Every year, it is the Nobel Prize in Literature that is of particular interest to bookmakers - in no other discipline in which the award is awarded, such a stir does not happen. The list of favorites this year, according to the betting companies Ladbrokes, Unibet, includes Kenyan Ngugi Wa Thiongo (5.50), Canadian writer and critic (6.60), Japanese writer (odds 2.30). The fellow countryman of the current laureate, the author of "Hunting for Sheep" and "After Darkness", however, is promised the Nobel for several years - as well as another "eternal" nominee for the literary Nobel, the famous Syrian poet Adonis. However, both of them remain without a reward from year to year, and the bookmakers are in a slight bewilderment.
Among the other candidates this year were: Chinese Ian Lyanke, Israeli, Italian Claudio Magris, Spaniard, American singer and poet Patti Smith, from Austria, South Korean poet and prose writer Ko Eun, Nina Buraui from France, Peter Nadas from Hungary, American rapper Kanye West and others.
In the entire history of the award, bookmakers were not mistaken only three times:
In 2003, when the victory was awarded to the South African writer John Coetzee, in 2006 with the famous Turk, and in 2008 with the Frenchman.
“What bookmakers are guided by when determining favorites is unknown,” says the literary expert, editor-in-chief of the Gorky Media resource, “it is only known that a few hours before the announcement, the odds for who then turns out to be the winner fall sharply to unprofitable values.” Does this mean that someone is supplying bookmakers with information a few hours before the announcement of the winners, the expert refused to confirm. According to Milchin,
Bob Dylan was at the bottom of the list last year, as was Svetlana Aleksievich in 2015.
According to the expert, a few days before the announcement of the current winner, rates on Canadian Margaret Atwood and Korean Ko Eun went down sharply.
The name of the future laureate is traditionally kept in the strictest confidence until the announcement. The list of candidates drawn up by the Swedish Academy is also classified and will not be known until 50 years later.
The Swedish Academy was founded in 1786 by King Gustav III to support and develop the Swedish language and literature. It includes 18 academicians who are elected to their post for life by other members of the academy.
