Nekrasov, in the work “To whom it is good to live in Rus',” tried to state everything that he knows about the people. Of course, the writer could not help but turn to the topic of people's intercessors. Let's try to identify what the defenders of the people appear in the poem by analyzing the image of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero.
Travelers learn about Savelia from the story of the "happy" Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina. Savely is the father of her father-in-law. He lived a long life and, as Matryona said, "he was also lucky."
In his youth, Savely, along with other peasants, endured the cruel bullying of the landowner, who "ruined the people to the bone." But the man was freedom-loving, so he revolted against the German manager: “And it bends, but it doesn’t break, / It doesn’t break, it doesn’t fall ../ Isn’t it a hero? / But soon the peasant's patience came to an end. The men buried the German alive in a hole which he ordered them to dig. For this crime, Savely and his accomplices were exiled to hard labor. But even twenty years of “strict penal servitude” did not break Savely, “branded, but not a slave,” he said. Already at home, another misfortune occurs: Savely overlooked his great-grandson Demushka, and the pigs ate the boy.
The old man goes to the monastery. Nekrasov displays in Savelia the hidden potential of the Russian people. High moral qualities, love of freedom and pride show that the peasants are capable of revolution. But people have so far decided only on minor riots, and then after many years of patience.
Nekrasov emphasizes in his works that the people themselves are often to blame for all the troubles, because they have come to terms with the current situation and do not raise uprisings. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, the image of Savely is the embodiment of hidden power, unrealized people's potential.
Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) - start preparing
Updated: 2017-04-14
Attention!
Thank you for your attention.
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and press Ctrl+Enter.
Thus, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.
Works on Literature: "People's Defenders" in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Rus'" The theme of the "people's protector" runs through all the work of N. A. Nekrasov, it also sounds in the poem "Who should live well in Rus'." Many writers and poets tried to answer the question "What to do?". I was looking for an answer to it and Nekrasov in his work. What to strive for in life? What is the real happiness of a person in Russia? What needs to be done to make everyone happy? he asked himself. The poet believed that in order to resolve these issues, people are needed who are able to join the struggle and lead others.
He showed such characters in the images of Yakim Nagogoy, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin, Grisha Dobrosklonov. In Yakima Nagoi, a peculiar character of the people's truth-seeker is presented. He lives a beggarly life, like all the peasantry, but is distinguished by a rebellious disposition. Yakim is ready to stand up for his rights. This is how he says about the people: Every peasant has a Soul that is a black cloud, Anger, formidable - and Thunders should thunder from there, Bloody rains to pour. Ermila Girin is a peasant whom the people themselves chose as a steward, recognizing his justice. Even as a clerk, Yermila won authority among the people for the fact that ... he will advise And inquire; Where there is enough strength - he will help out, He will not ask for gratitude, And if you give, he will not take it!
But Yermila was also guilty: he shielded his younger brother from recruitment, but the people forgave him for his sincere repentance. Only Ermila's conscience did not calm down: he left the steward, hired a mill. And again the people fell in love with him for his good treatment, for his even attitude towards the landowner and the poor, for his kindness. The "gray-haired priest" characterizes Yermila in this way: He had everything that was needed For happiness and tranquility, And money and honor, An enviable, true honor, Not bought either by money, Nor by fear: strict truth. Mind and kindness.
It can be seen from the priest's statement that Girin achieved honor with "strict truth", "intelligence and kindness". He is worried about the attitude of the people towards him, but Yermila himself judges himself even more strictly. He seeks to alleviate the situation of the peasants, to help them financially, although he himself was not yet ready for a revolutionary action. Kirin is already satisfied that his conscience is clear, that he makes life a little easier for others.
Savely the Bogatyr represents another type of Russian peasant. He is the embodiment of strength and courage. Despite the rods and hard labor, he did not resign himself to his fate. "Branded, but not a slave" - he says about himself. Savely embodies the best features of the Russian character: love for the motherland and people, hatred for the oppressors, self-esteem. His favorite word - "nadday" - helps to see in him a person who knows how to cheer up his comrades, rally, captivate. Saveliy is one of those who stood up well for "the patrimony." Together with the peasants, he executes the hated manager, the German Vogel.
People like Savely will not stand aside at the moment of peasant unrest. The most conscious of the "people's defenders" is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He devotes his whole life to the struggle, lives among the people, knows their needs, has an education. The future of Russia, the poet believes, belongs to such people as Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom "fate prepared a glorious path, a loud name of the people's intercessor, consumption and Siberia." Grisha Dobrosklonov's songs reflect his thoughts about life ideals, his hopes for a bright future: The share of the people, their happiness, Light and freedom First of all. In a moment of despondency, O Motherland! I am thinking ahead. You are still destined to suffer a lot, But you will not die, I know. In slavery, the saved Heart is free - Gold, gold The heart of the people!
The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov helps to understand that the truly happy one is on whose side the truth is, on whom the people hope, who chooses an honest path for himself, being a "people's defender".
"People's defenders": Yakim Nagoi and Ermil Girin. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov entered Russian poetry as a "people's mourner". The folk poem became one of the central ones in his work. But the poet was never a simple everyday writer; as an artist, he was primarily concerned with the drama of the people.
In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, the author himself appeared as a people’s “intercessor”, who not only expressed his attitude towards the people by the fact of creating this work, but was able to understand his soul, truly reveal his character.
The theme of popular intercession is widely represented in the poem. Protector is one of her keywords. The people's protector is one who not only pities, sympathizes with the peasants, but serves the people, expresses their interests, confirming this with actions and deeds. The image of such a person is not the only one in the poem. His features were refracted in Yermil Girin, Savely, Grisha Dobrosklonov, and partly in Yakim Nagoy.
So, Girin acted as a real defender of worldly interests: he defended the mill, which was needed by everyone. He sincerely, with pure thoughts, turned to the people for help, and people collected money for him, completely trusting and not sparing the last penny. Then Yermil paid off everyone. His honesty and disinterestedness are evidenced by the fact that he did not appropriate the “extra ruble” that he had left, but, not finding the owner, gave the money to the blind.
How did Jirin win the honor and respect of almost the entire district? The answer is short: only "truth". People were drawn to him even when Yermil held the positions of clerk and steward. He was “loved by all the people” because one could always turn to him for help and advice. And Yermil never demanded a reward:
Where there is enough strength - will help out,
Don't ask for gratitude
And give so will not take!
Only once there was a case when the hero, as they say, “disguised his soul”: he “shielded” his brother from the recruitment, instead of whom another person had to go to the soldiers. The realization that he acted dishonestly, unfairly, leads Girin almost to suicide. And only repentance in front of all the people frees him from the pangs of conscience. The story about Yermil Girin suddenly ends, and we learn that he nevertheless suffered for the cause of the people, he was put in jail.
It is impossible not to mention one more folk hero - Yakim Nagogo. It would seem that there is nothing unusual in his fate: once he lived in St. Petersburg, because of a lawsuit with a merchant he ended up in prison.
Then he returned to his homeland and became a plowman. Better than Nekrasov himself not to imagine this image, which has become a generalized image of the Russian peasant:
Chest sunken as if depressed
Stomach; at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground...
But in the eyes of people, Yakim was a special person: during a fire, he rushed to save not money, but pictures that he lovingly collected for his son and looked at them spellbound himself. Talking about this peculiar folk "collector", Nekrasov also opens a page in the life of a peasant, in which not only work and "drinking" could be the main ones.
The image of the people's intercessor was vividly embodied in Savely, the Holy Russian hero. Already in this definition there is a meaning: the heroes in the epics have always been the protectors of the Russian land. Savely has powerful physical strength. But Nekrasov shows that the heroism of the Korez peasant is not only based on this - Savely is characterized by will, patience, perseverance, self-esteem. This hero is a rebel, he is capable of protest. However, his “intercession” was expressed not only in the fact that he delivered Korezhina from the German, who tortured the peasants with requisitions. Saveliy is also a kind of folk philosopher, an ascetic. His religiosity and ability to repent are symbols of high national morality. Savely's main prayer is for the people:
For all the terrible, Russian
Peasantry I pray!
Grisha Dobrosklonov in the poem is also a people's intercessor. Even as a child, he was imbued with acute pity and love for the entire “Vakhlachin”. Although Nekrasov does not speak directly, it seems that "intercession" will be effective, he will really be able to change the life of the people. Before Grisha, the road is open, along which only strong souls go,
loving,
To fight, to work
For the bypassed
For the oppressed.
This hero is marked by the "seal of God's gift." According to Nekrasov, he is able to suffer, to sacrifice his life for the people.
Thus, the people's intercessor in the poem is presented as a man of exceptional destiny. This is an ascetic, that is, in my opinion, carrying effective good, and a righteous man. He is necessarily a native of the people, he knows the life of the peasants to the smallest detail. The person who was chosen as the “protector” is smart, conscientious, mental inner work is constantly going on in him. And most importantly, he is able to understand all the complexity, inconsistency of the peasant's soul and live a clean, simple life together with his people.
In the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, wanderers are looking for the happy. Behind the search for them lies the complex theme of people's happiness.
The images of people's intercessors in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" are represented by several characters. The author presents each of them in his own way, but all of them are close and understandable to the poet. He hopes for them, he trusts them with the Russian land.
Yakim Nagoi
A hard worker, a peasant Yakim is one of those whom the author hopes for. Yakim can become an intercessor for the common people, lead Rus' to happiness and prosperity. The man has grown together with the whole soul with the earth. Outwardly, he became similar to her: wrinkles like cracks in dried soil, a neck - a layer cut off by a plow, hair - like sand, skin of hands - the bark of trees. The farmer himself is a clod of earth on a plow. The author's comparison is significant. The man is not just black and heavy as the work of a plowman. The earth gives bread, feeds people. Yakim is the one with whose hands the earth does it, in other words, Yakim is the soul of the earth. Creating a character, the author turned to folk art. He makes the hero look like epic heroes, the defenders of Rus'. They all labor on the earth until their strength is needed. Yakim has his own destiny, but it is typical for the time being described. The peasant went to work in St. Petersburg. He is smart, observant and considerate. Yakim gets his experience by trying to compete with the merchant. There is courage, obstinacy in the character of a peasant, not everyone could decide on this. The result is a prison. There are many brave men there. The author emphasizes the individuality of the character. A man loves beautiful things, he saves pictures from a fire. The spirituality of the hero is also emphasized by the choice of a companion. She also protects from fire not money, but icons. Purity of thoughts, hope for justice are the basis of the Yakim Nagogo family.Nekrasov is surprisingly talented: he completes the story about Yakima with a song about liberty. The great Volga River is a symbol of the breadth and power of the people, the strength of the men is inexhaustible, it cannot be hidden or stopped. It will burst out like a river stream.
Ermil Girin
Nekrasov shows that among the people there are leaders, leaders who are trusted. If they raise the people, they will follow them. Yermil is young, but the men trust him. They prove their boundless devotion when they give him their last penny. The poet reveals the whole essence of the Russian person in one episode. He does not have a desire for prosperity by any means, he strives to get everything honestly, deservedly. The man is open to communication, he shares his misfortune, is not afraid to be ridiculed. The strength of the Russian people is in unity. How did the young guy become smart? The author suggests: he served as a clerk. Snikal in every story, appreciated a penny. Yermil helped free of charge, realizing that the poor and destitute peasants had no extra money. Fate gives the man power. He does not stand the test, commits a sin and repents. Then he can not use the gifts of fate. Girin rents a windmill. But even here his character does not change. For the miller, everyone is equal: the poor and the rich. The life of that time does not give Yermil the opportunity to become happy alone, when everyone around is in poverty. He does not go against the rebels and ends up in hard labor. Thus ends the fate of many people's intercessors.Old Man Savely
The Russian land endowed men with strength. They live long, but not easy. The land is stingy for happy moments. Serfdom is hard and cruel. Savely came from places where there was less serfdom, in the very depths of the Russian land. He lives among nature, which brings him up free and strong. Saveliy is strong like a bear or elk. He takes knowledge and health from nature. The forest endows him with spirit and special qualities, for this the man truly loves the forest, in a way that not many can. The man could not consider the trick of the German manager, but did not endure his bullying. Saveliy's rebellion is sharp, like the swing of a hero's sword. With his shoulder, he pushes the German into the well, the peasants bury him alive. The result of the rebellion is hard labor and settlements. Savely gains wisdom and becomes a man who can burn complex concepts. His speech is an example of the Russian word. "Branded, but not a slave!" - the basis of the character of the people's intercessor. Savely was not broken, he returned home, but his relatives valued only money in life. The fate of a peasant is an example of how difficult it is for intercessors among people who have given up and have lost (or have not found) real goals in life. Saveliy - symbolizes the power of the people hidden for the time being, his mind and wisdom.Grigory Dobrosklonov
In Nekrasov's poem, the image of Grisha is special. The author trusts him with the future of the country. He must become a real protector of the people. The hero grew up in the family of a deacon. In this you can see the strong Orthodoxy of the country. The mother plays an important role in the development of character. This is the feminine principle of the Russian soul, kindness and responsiveness. Grisha understood what to strive for already in his youth. Then he only moves towards his goal. The young defender is ready to give his life for the happiness of the people. The poet shows him in such a way that it becomes clear that Gregory will achieve his goal. It is interesting that the young man conveys thoughts about patriotism and struggle through songs. It lifts the spirit of the people, explains the problems and leads to their solution. Someone does not hear the singing of Gregory. Others do not think about words. The poet hopes that there are those who will support Gregory and go with him.In his poem, N.A. Nekrasov creates images of "new people" who came out of the people's environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. Such is Yermil Girin. In whatever position he may be, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. Honor and love he earned "strict truth, intelligence and kindness."
The poet abruptly breaks off the story about Yermil, who ended up in prison at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanyev district was rioting. The suppressors of the rebellion, knowing that the people would listen to Yermila, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people's defender did not tell the peasants about humility.
The type of an intellectual-democrat, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a laborer and a half-impoverished deacon. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have starved to death. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love from an early age filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of those who are brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
I cried a lot...
If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to protect the people, now the people themselves from their midst send their best sons to fight, and this is especially important, because it testifies to the awakening of people's self-consciousness:
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha's path is a typical path of a democrat-raznochinets: a hungry childhood, a seminary, "where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry", but where he read a lot and thought a lot ...
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet draws the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha found true happiness, and the country whose people bless "such a messenger" for battle should become happy.
In the image of Grisha there are not only features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov direction, a poet-citizen.
The chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song "Rus":
The army rises - Innumerable,
The power in it will be indestructible!
In the poem there is an image of yet another people's intercessor - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" the author directly addresses the readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language acquires a special coloration: along with folk vocabulary, there are many bookish, solemn, romantically elevated words (“radiant”, “lofty”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the happiness of the people”, “slavery is heavy”, “Rus' is reviving ").
Direct author's statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author's thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people's happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in "the strength of the people - the mighty strength", in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
The limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: Before them is a wide path!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good. The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!..
