The writer's grandfather Maxim Grigorievich Paustovsky was a soldier, and Honorata's grandmother, before the adoption of Christianity, bore the name Fatma, and was a Turkish woman. According to the memoirs of Konstantin Paustovsky, his grandfather was a meek blue-eyed old man who loved to sing old thoughts and Cossack songs with a cracked tenor, and told many incredible, and sometimes touching stories "from the very life that happened."
The writer's father, Georgy Paustovsky, was a railway statistician, behind whom the fame of a frivolous person was established among his relatives, with a reputation as a dreamer who, according to Konstantin's grandmother, "had no right to marry and have children." He came from the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, who moved after the defeat of the Sich on the banks of the Ros River near the White Church. Georgy Paustovsky did not get along for a long time in one place, after serving in Moscow he lived and worked in Pskov, in Vilna and later settled in Kyiv, on the South-Western Railway. The writer's mother, Maria Paustovskaya, was the daughter of an employee at a sugar factory, and had an imperious character. She took the upbringing of children very seriously, and was convinced that only with strict and harsh treatment of children could “something worthwhile” be grown out of them.
Konstantin Paustovsky had two brothers and a sister. Later, he told about them: “In the autumn of 1915, I moved from the train to the field medical detachment and went with him a long retreat from Lublin in Poland to the town of Nesvizh in Belarus. In the detachment, from a greasy piece of newspaper that came across to me, I learned that on the same day two of my brothers were killed on different fronts. I was left completely alone with my mother, except for my half-blind and sick sister. The writer's sister Galina died in Kyiv in 1936.
In Kyiv, Konstantin Paustovsky studied at the 1st Kyiv classical gymnasium. When he was in the sixth grade, his father left the family, and Konstantin was forced to independently earn his living and study by tutoring. In his autobiographical essay “A Few Fragmentary Thoughts” in 1967, Paustovsky wrote: “The desire for the extraordinary has haunted me since childhood. My state could be defined in two words: admiration for the imaginary world and longing for the impossibility of seeing it. These two feelings prevailed in my youthful poems and in my first immature prose.
A huge influence on Paustovsky, especially in his youth, was the work of Alexander Green. Paustovsky later told about his youth: “I studied in Kyiv, in a classical gymnasium. Our graduation was lucky: we had good teachers of the so-called "humanities" - Russian literature, history and psychology. We knew and loved literature and, of course, spent more time reading books than preparing lessons. The best time - sometimes unbridled dreams, hobbies and sleepless nights - was the Kyiv spring, the dazzling and tender spring of Ukraine. She was drowning in dewy lilacs, in the slightly sticky first greenery of Kievan gardens, in the scent of poplars and the pink candles of old chestnuts. In such springs, it was impossible not to fall in love with high school girls with heavy braids and write poetry. And I wrote them without restraint, two or three poems a day. In our family, which at that time was considered progressive and liberal, they talked a lot about the people, but they meant by it mainly the peasants. The workers, the proletariat, were rarely talked about. At that time, with the word "proletariat" I imagined huge and smoky factories - Putilovsky, Obukhovsky and Izhora - as if the entire Russian working class was assembled only in St. Petersburg and precisely at these factories.
The first short story by Konstantin Paustovsky "On the Water", written in the last year of study at the gymnasium, was published in the Kiev almanac "Lights" in 1912. After graduating from the gymnasium, Paustovsky studied at Kiev University, then transferred to Moscow University, in the summer he still worked as a tutor. The First World War forced him to interrupt his studies, and Paustovsky became a leader on a Moscow tram and also worked on an ambulance train. In 1915, with a field sanitary detachment, he retreated along with the Russian army across Poland and Belarus. He said: “In the autumn of 1915, I moved from the train to the field medical detachment and went with him a long retreat from Lublin in Poland to the town of Nesvizh in Belarus.”
After the death of two older brothers at the front, Paustovsky returned to his mother in Moscow, but soon began his wandering life again. During the year he worked at metallurgical plants in Yekaterinoslav and Yuzovka and at a boiler plant in Taganrog. In 1916 he became a fisherman in an artel on the Sea of Azov. While living in Taganrog, Paustovsky began writing his first novel, The Romantics, which was published in 1935. This novel, the content and mood of which corresponded to its title, was marked by the author's search for a lyric-prose form. Paustovsky sought to create a coherent storyline about what he had seen and felt in his youth. One of the heroes of the novel, old Oskar, resisted all his life that they tried to turn him from an artist into an earner. The main motive of "The Romantics" was the fate of the artist, who sought to overcome loneliness.
Paustovsky met the February and October revolutions of 1917 in Moscow. After the victory of Soviet power, he began working as a journalist and "lived the busy life of newspaper editors." But soon the writer left for Kyiv, where his mother moved, and survived several upheavals there during the Civil War. Soon Paustovsky ended up in Odessa, where he found himself among young writers like him. After living in Odessa for two years, Paustovsky left for Sukhum, then moved to Batum, then to Tiflis. Wanderings in the Caucasus led Paustovsky to Armenia and northern Persia. The writer wrote about that time and his wanderings: “In Odessa, for the first time, I found myself among young writers. Among the employees of the "Sailor" were Kataev, Ilf, Bagritsky, Shengeli, Lev Slavin, Babel, Andrey Sobol, Semyon Kirsanov, and even the elderly writer Yushkevich. In Odessa, I lived near the sea, and wrote a lot, but have not yet published, believing that I have not yet achieved the ability to master any material and genre. Soon the “muse of distant wanderings” took possession of me again. I left Odessa, lived in Sukhum, Batumi, Tbilisi, was in Erivan, Baku and Julfa, until finally I returned to Moscow.”
Konstantin Paustovsky. 1930s.
Returning to Moscow in 1923, Paustovsky began working as an editor for ROSTA. At this time, not only his essays were published, but also stories. In 1928, the first collection of Paustovsky's stories "Oncoming Ships" was published. In the same year, the novel Shining Clouds was written. In this work, detective-adventurous intrigue was combined with autobiographical episodes related to Paustovsky's trips around the Black Sea and the Caucasus. In the year of writing the novel, the writer worked in the newspaper of water workers "On Watch", with which Alexey Novikov-Priboy, Paustovsky's classmate at the 1st Kyiv gymnasium, Mikhail Bulgakov and Valentin Kataev, collaborated at that time. In the 1930s, Paustovsky actively worked as a journalist for the Pravda newspaper and the magazines 30 Days, Our Achievements and other publications, visited Solikamsk, Astrakhan, Kalmykia and many other places - in fact, he traveled all over the country. Many of the impressions of these "hot pursuit" trips, described by him in newspaper essays, were later embodied in works of art. Thus, the hero of the essay of the 1930s "Underwater winds" became the prototype of the protagonist of the story "Kara-Bugaz", written in 1932. The history of the creation of "Kara-Bugaz" is described in detail in the book of essays and stories by Paustovsky "Golden Rose" in 1955 - one of the most famous works of Russian literature dedicated to understanding the nature of creativity. In "Kara-Bugaz" Paustovsky's story about the development of Glauber's salt deposits in the Caspian Bay is as poetic as about the wanderings of a romantic youth in his first works. The story "Colchis" in 1934 is dedicated to the transformation of historical reality, the creation of man-made subtropics. The prototype of one of the heroes of Colchis was the great Georgian primitive artist Niko Pirosmani. After the publication of Kara-Bugaz, Paustovsky left the service and became a professional writer. He still traveled a lot, lived on the Kola Peninsula and Ukraine, visited the Volga, Kama, Don, Dnieper and other great rivers, Central Asia, Crimea, Altai, Pskov, Novgorod, Belarus and other places.
Having gone as an orderly to the First World War, the future writer met with sister of mercy Ekaterina Zagorskaya, about whom he said: “I love her more than my mother, more than myself ... Hatice is an impulse, an edge of the divine, joy, longing, illness, unprecedented achievements and torment ... ". Why Hatice? Ekaterina Stepanovna spent the summer of 1914 in a village on the Crimean coast, and the local Tatars called her Hatidzhe, which in Russian meant "Catherine". In the summer of 1916, Konstantin Paustovsky and Ekaterina Zagorskaya got married in Ekaterina's native Podlesnaya Sloboda in Ryazan near Lukhovitsy, and in August 1925, the son Vadim was born to the Paustovskys in Ryazan. Later, throughout his life, he carefully kept the archive of his parents, painstakingly collected materials related to the Paustovsky family tree - documents, photographs and memoirs. He loved to travel to the places where his father visited and which were described in his works. Vadim Konstantinovich was an interesting, selfless storyteller. No less interesting and informative were his publications about Konstantin Paustovsky - articles, essays, comments and afterwords to the works of his father, from whom he inherited a literary gift. Vadim Konstantinovich devoted a lot of time as a consultant to the literary museum-center of Konstantin Paustovsky, was a member of the public council of the magazine "The World of Paustovsky", one of the organizers and an indispensable participant in conferences, meetings, museum evenings dedicated to the work of his father.
In 1936, Ekaterina Zagorskaya and Konstantin Paustovsky broke up, after which Ekaterina confessed to her relatives that she gave her husband a divorce herself, because she could not bear that he “got in touch with a Polish woman,” meaning Paustovsky’s second wife. Konstantin Georgievich continued to take care of his son Vadim even after the divorce. Vadim Paustovsky wrote about the breakup of his parents in the comments to the first volume of his father's works: “The Tale of Life and other books of my father reflect many events from the life of my parents in the early years, but, of course, not all. The twenties were very important for my father. How little he published, wrote so much. We can safely say that then the foundation of his professionalism was laid. His first books went almost unnoticed, then the literary success of the early 1930s immediately followed. And so, in 1936, after twenty years of marriage, my parents separated. Was the marriage of Ekaterina Zagorskaya with Konstantin Paustovsky successful? Yes and no. In youth, there was great love, which served as a support in difficulties and instilled cheerful confidence in one's abilities. Father was always rather inclined towards reflection, towards a contemplative perception of life. Mom, on the contrary, was a person of great energy and perseverance, until her illness broke her. In her independent character, independence and defenselessness, benevolence and capriciousness, calmness and nervousness converged in an incomprehensible way. I was told that Eduard Bagritsky greatly appreciated the quality in her, which he called "spiritual dedication", and at the same time he liked to repeat: "Ekaterina Stepanovna is a fantastic woman." Perhaps, the words of V.I. Nemirovich Danchenko that “a Russian intelligent woman could not be carried away by anything in a man so selflessly as by talent” can be attributed to it. Therefore, the marriage was strong as long as everything was subordinated to the main goal - the literary work of the father. When this finally became a reality, the stress of difficult years affected, both were tired, especially since my mother was also a person with her own creative plans and aspirations. In addition, frankly speaking, my father was not such a good family man, despite his outward complaisance. Much had accumulated, and much had to be suppressed by both. In a word, if spouses who value each other nevertheless part, there are always good reasons for this. These reasons aggravated with the onset of serious nervous exhaustion in my mother, which developed gradually and began to manifest itself precisely in the mid-30s. My father's traces of difficult years also remained until the end of his life in the form of severe asthma attacks. In Distant Years, the first book of The Tale of Life, a lot is said about the breakup of the parents of the father himself. Obviously, there are families marked with such a seal from generation to generation.
K. G. Paustovsky and V. V. Navashina-Paustovskaya on a narrow gauge railway in Solotch. In the car window: the writer's son Vadim and adopted son Sergei Navashin. Late 1930s.
Konstantin Paustovsky met Valeria Valishevskaya-Navashina in the first half of the 1920s. He was married, she was married, but they both left their families, and Valeria Vladimirovna married Konstantin Paustovsky, becoming the inspiration for many of his works - for example, when creating the works “Meshcherskaya Side” and “Throw to the South”, Valishevskaya was the prototype of Mary. Valeria Valishevskaya was the sister of the famous Polish artist Sigismund Valishevsky in the 1920s, whose works were in the collection of Valeria Vladimirovna. In 1963, she donated over 110 paintings and drawings by Sigismund Waliszewski to the National Gallery in Warsaw, keeping her favorite ones.
K.G. Paustovsky and V.V. Navashina-Paustovskaya. Late 1930s.
A special place in the work of Konstantin Paustovsky was occupied by the Meshchera region, where he lived for a long time alone or with fellow writers - Arkady Gaidar and Reuben Fraerman. About his beloved Meshchera, Paustovsky wrote: “I found the greatest, simplest and most unsophisticated happiness in the forested Meshchera region. The happiness of being close to your land, concentration and inner freedom, favorite thoughts and hard work. To Central Russia - and only to her - I owe most of the things I wrote. I will mention only the main ones: “Meshcherskaya Side”, “Isaac Levitan”, “The Tale of the Forests”, a cycle of stories “Summer Days”, “Old Boat”, “Night in October”, “Telegram”, “Rainy Dawn”, “Cordon 273”, “In the depths of Russia”, “Alone with autumn”, “Ilyinsky pool”. The Central Russian hinterland became for Paustovsky a place of a kind of "emigration", a creative - and possibly physical - salvation during the period of Stalin's repressions.
During the Great Patriotic War, Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent and wrote stories, among them was "Snow", written in 1943, and "Rainy Dawn", written in 1945, which critics called the most delicate lyrical watercolors.
In the 1950s, Paustovsky lived in Moscow and in Tarusa on the Oka. He became one of the compilers of the most important collective collections of the democratic trend Literary Moscow in 1956 and Tarusa Pages in 1961. During the years of the thaw, Paustovsky actively advocated the literary and political rehabilitation of writers Isaac Babel, Yuri Olesha, Mikhail Bulgakov, Alexander Grin and Nikolai Zabolotsky, who were persecuted under Stalin.
In 1939, Konstantin Paustovsky met the actress of the Meyerhold Theater Tatyana Evteeva - Arbuzova, who became his third wife in 1950.
Paustovsky with his son Alyosha and adopted daughter Galina Arbuzova.
Before meeting Paustovsky, Tatyana Evteeva was the wife of the playwright Alexei Arbuzov. “Tenderness, my only person, I swear by my life that such love (without boasting) has not yet been in the world. It was not and will not be, all the rest of love is nonsense and nonsense. Let your heart beat calmly and happily, my heart! We will all be happy, everyone! I know and believe ... ”- wrote Konstantin Paustovsky to Tatyana Evteeva. Tatyana Alekseevna had a daughter from her first marriage, Galina Arbuzova, and she gave birth to a son, Alexei, to Paustovsky in 1950. Alexei grew up and took shape in the creative atmosphere of the writer's house in the field of intellectual searches of young writers and artists, but he did not look like a "home" child spoiled by parental attention. With a company of artists, he wandered around the outskirts of Tarusa, sometimes disappearing from home for two or three days. He painted amazing and not understandable paintings, and died at the age of 26 from a drug overdose.
K.G. Paustovsky. Tarusa. April 1955
From 1945 to 1963, Paustovsky wrote his main work - the autobiographical Tale of Life, consisting of six books: Distant Years, Restless Youth, Beginning of an Unknown Age, Time of Great Expectations, Throw to the South" and "The Book of Wanderings". In the mid-1950s, world recognition came to Paustovsky, and the writer began to travel frequently around Europe. He visited Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Turkey, Greece, Sweden, Italy and other countries. In 1965, Paustovsky lived on the island of Capri. The impressions of these trips formed the basis of the stories and travel essays of the 1950s and 1960s "Italian Encounters", "Fleeting Paris", "Channel Lights" and other works. In the same 1965, officials from the Soviet Union managed to change the decision of the Nobel Committee to award the prize to Konstantin Paustovsky and achieve its presentation to Mikhail Sholokhov.
Most modern readers know Konstantin Paustovsky as a singer of Russian nature, from whose pen came wonderful descriptions of the south and central strip of Russia, the Black Sea region and the Oka region. However, few people now know the bright and exciting novels and stories of Paustovsky, the action of which takes place in the first quarter of the 20th century against the backdrop of terrible events of wars and revolutions, social upheavals and hopes for a brighter future. All his life, Paustovsky dreamed of writing a big book dedicated to wonderful people, not only famous, but also unknown and forgotten. He managed to publish only a few sketches of short but picturesque biographies of writers with whom he was either well acquainted personally - Gorky, Olesha, Prishvin, Green, Bagritsky, or those whose work especially fascinated him - Chekhov, Blok, Maupassant, Bunin and Hugo. All of them were united by the “art of seeing the world”, so valued by Paustovsky, who lived at a difficult time for the master of belles-lettres. His literary maturity came in the 1930s and 1950s, in which Tynyanov found salvation in literary criticism, Bakhtin in cultural studies, Paustovsky in the study of the nature of language and creativity, in the beauties of the forests of the Ryazan region, in the quiet provincial comfort of Tarusa.
KG Paustovsky with a dog. Tarusa. 1961
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky died in 1968 in Moscow and, according to his will, was buried in the city cemetery of Tarusa. The place where his grave is located - a high hill surrounded by trees with a gap to the Taruska River - was chosen by the writer himself.
About Konstantin Paustovsky and Ekaterina Zagorskaya, a television program from the cycle “More than Love” was prepared.
In 1982, a documentary film “Konstantin Paustovsky. Memories and meetings.
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The text was prepared by Tatyana Khalina
Used materials:
K.G. Paustovsky "Briefly about myself" 1966
K.G. Paustovsky "Letters from Tarusa"
K.G. Paustovsky "Sense of history"
Site materials www.paustovskiy.niv.ru
Site materials www.litra.ru
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky - Russian Soviet writer; modern readers are more aware of such a facet of his work as stories and stories about nature for a children's audience.
Paustovsky was born on May 31 (May 19, O.S.) in Moscow, his father was a descendant of a Cossack family, worked as a railway statistician. Their family was quite creative, they played the piano here, often sang, and loved theatrical performances. As Paustovsky himself said, his father was an incorrigible dreamer, so his places of work, and, accordingly, his residence changed all the time
In 1898, the Paustovsky family settled in Kyiv. The writer called himself "a resident of Kyivian," many years of his biography were associated with this city, it was in Kyiv that he took place as a writer. The place of study of Konstantin was the 1st Kyiv classical gymnasium. As a student of the last class, he wrote his first story, which was published. Even then, the decision came to him to be a writer, but he could not imagine himself in this profession without accumulating life experience, "going into life." He had to do this also because his father left his family when Konstantin was in the sixth grade, the teenager was forced to take care of supporting his relatives.
In 1911, Paustovsky was a student at the Faculty of History and Philology at Kyiv University, where he studied until 1913. Then he transferred to Moscow, to the university, but already to the Faculty of Law, although he did not complete his studies: his studies were interrupted by the First World War. He, as the youngest son in the family, was not drafted into the army, but he worked as a carriage driver on a tram, on an ambulance train. On the same day, while on different fronts, two of his brothers died, and because of this, Paustovsky came to his mother in Moscow, but stayed there only for a while. At that time, he had a variety of jobs: Novorossiysk and Bryansk metallurgical plants, a boiler plant in Taganrog, a fishing artel on Azov, etc. During his leisure hours, Paustovsky worked on his first story, Romantics, during 1916-1923. (it will be published in Moscow only in 1935).
When the February Revolution began, Paustovsky returned to Moscow, collaborated with newspapers as a reporter. Here he met the October Revolution. In the post-revolutionary years, he made a large number of trips around the country. During the civil war, the writer ended up in Ukraine, where he was called to serve in the Petliura, and then in the Red Army. Then, for two years, Paustovsky lived in Odessa, working in the editorial office of the Moryak newspaper. From there, carried away by a thirst for distant wanderings, he went to the Caucasus, lived in Batumi, Sukhumi, Yerevan, Baku.
The return to Moscow took place in 1923. Here he worked as the editor of ROSTA, and in 1928 his first collection of stories was published, although some stories and essays had been published separately before. In the same year, he wrote his first novel, Shining Clouds. In the 30s. Paustovsky is a journalist for several publications at once, in particular, the Pravda newspaper, Our Achievement magazines, etc. These years are also filled with numerous travels around the country, which provided material for many works of art.
In 1932, his story "Kara-Bugaz" was published, which became a turning point. She makes the writer famous, in addition, from that moment Paustovsky decides to become a professional writer and leaves his job. As before, the writer travels a lot, during his life he traveled almost the entire USSR. Meshchera became his favorite corner, to which he dedicated many inspirational lines.
When the Great Patriotic War began, Konstantin Georgievich also happened to visit many places. On the Southern Front, he worked as a war correspondent, without leaving literature. In the 50s. Paustovsky's place of residence was Moscow and Tarus on the Oka. The post-war years of his career were marked by an appeal to the topic of writing. During 1945-1963. Paustovsky worked on the autobiographical Tale of Life, and these 6 books were the main work of his entire life.
In the mid 50s. Konstantin Georgievich becomes a world-famous writer, the recognition of his talent goes beyond the borders of his native country. The writer gets the opportunity to travel all over the continent, and he enjoys using it, having traveled to Poland, Turkey, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Greece, etc. In 1965, he lived on the island of Capri for quite a long time.
In 1965, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but at the request of the Soviet government was replaced by M. Sholokhov. Paustovsky - holder of the orders "Lenin" and the Red Banner of Labor, was awarded a large number of medals.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is a famous Russian-Soviet writer, author of children's stories about nature and works in the genre of romanticism.
Biography
Childhood
Most of Paustovsky's childhood and youth were spent in Ukraine, where the family moved in 1898. Father, Georgy Maksimovich, was a retired non-commissioned officer, a Kyiv tradesman. Mother - Maria Grigorievna (nee - Vysochanskaya). Konstantin had two brothers and a sister. When Kostya was in the 6th grade, his father left the family, and the boy had to combine his studies with work to help his mother.
Education
School for Paustovsky was the Kyiv classical gymnasium. After her, he studies first at the Kiev University at the Faculty of History and Philology, and then transferred to Moscow University, but already to law. Education was interrupted by the war.
creative path
Paustovsky wrote his first story in 1912. It was called "On the Water" and was even published in the Kiev magazine "Lights".
According to the laws of that time, Paustovsky was not taken into the army, since two older brothers went to the front. Therefore, he had to work in the rear: first as a leader on a tram, then on an ambulance train. In 1915, as part of a sanitary detachment, he was in Belarus and Poland. He worked at factories in Yekaterinoslav, Yuzovka, Taganrog, the Sea of Azov. It was during these years that Paustovsky wrote the first story, which was published only in 1930 - "The Romantics".
In 1917 he witnessed the October Revolution and began his career as a military reporter. When the civil war began, Paustovsky ended up in Ukraine as part of the Petliurist army, then in the Red Army. After the end of hostilities, he travels a lot in the south, lives in Odessa for almost 2 years, where he works in the local newspaper Moryak. By this time, he met the writer I. Babel. After Ukraine, Paustovsky lived in the Caucasus. Konstantin Georgievich returned to Moscow only in 1923. He was the editor of "ROSTA", began to print his own works.
In 1928, readers got acquainted with Paustovsky's first collection "Oncoming Ships".
The 1930s is a period of work in print publications: the newspaper Pravda, the magazines 30 Days and Our Achievements. He travels a lot around the country and reveals his impressions of travel in his works. In 1931, in Livna, he wrote a story that became the key work of his work - "Kara-Bugaz". This work brought fame to the author. During these years, works of various themes were published: the story “The Fate of Charles Launceville”, “Colchis”, “The Black Sea”, “Constellation of Hounds of Dogs”, “Northern Tale” (the film of the same name was shot on it in 1960), “ Orest Kiprensky", "Isaac Levitan", "Taras Shevchenko", as well as a large number of stories dedicated to the Meshchera region.
With the onset of the second war in the life of the writer, the Great Patriotic War, Paustovsky worked on the Southern Front as a war correspondent and continued to write stories.
After the war, Paustovsky lives either in Moscow or in Tarusa. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Lenin. In the 50s, the name of Paustovsky becomes world famous. He travels a lot: he visited Czechoslovakia, Italy, Bulgaria, Poland, Greece, Turkey, Sweden. In 1965 he stops and lives in Capri.
Personal life
Traveling through cities and villages during the First World War, Paustovsky in the Crimea met Ekaterina Stepanovna Gorodtsova, the daughter of a Ryazan priest. In 1916 they got married. A son, Vadim, was born in the marriage, but relations in the family did not work out, and in 1936 they parted.
Valery Vladimirovna Valishevskaya-Navashina, the sister of a famous Polish artist, becomes the second wife of Paustovsky. They got married in the second half of the 30s.
The third wife of Konstantin Georgievich is actress Tatyana Alekseevna Evteeva-Arbuzova, who bore him a son, Alexei.
Death
Paustovsky died in Moscow on July 14, 1968, and he was buried, according to his will, in the city cemetery of Tarusa.
The main achievements of Paustovsky
- Paustovsky in Russian literature is an artist of the word who masterfully knew how to draw pictures of nature.
- Paustovsky is valued as a children's writer who develops in children a sense of responsibility for their native nature, love for the beauties of their native land.
- He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Lenin and the St. George Cross IV degree.
- The work of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky had a significant impact on the writers of the "school of lyrical prose" - Yu. P. Kazakov, V. A. Soloukhin, S. Antonov, V. V. Konetsky.
Important dates in Paustovsky's biography
- 1892 - birth
- 1898 - moving from Moscow to Kyiv
- 1912 - admission to Kyiv University, story "On the Water"
- 1914–1917 - home front work
- 1916 - marriage to E. S. Gorodtsova
- 1917 war reporter
- 1918–1922 - Civil War
- 1923 - editor of "ROSTA"
- 1928 - compilation "Oncoming Ships"
- 1930 - story "Romantics"
- 1931 - "Kara-Bugaz"
- 1933 - story "The Fate of Charles Lonsevil"
- 1934 - "Colchis"
- 1936 - "Black Sea" divorce from first wife
- 1937 - "Constellation of hounds", "Isaac Levitan", "Orest Kiprensky"
- 1938 - "Northern Tale"
- 1939 - awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, "Taras Shevchenko"
- 1941–1945 - war correspondent on the Southern Front
- 1950 - marriage to T. A. Evteeva-Arbuzova
- 1955 - story "Golden Rose"
- 1968 - death
- The romanticism of Paustovsky takes its origins in Green's stories, which the writer had been ill with in his youth.
- At Konstantin Georgievich, both brothers died on the same day, but on different fronts.
- The director A. Razumny made in 1935 the film "Kara-Bugaz" based on the story of Paustovsky, which was not allowed to be released for political reasons.
- For Valishevskaya, Paustovsky was the third husband.
- The son from his third marriage, Alexei, tragically died at the age of 25 from a drug overdose. Together with him, his girlfriend almost died for the same reason, but they managed to save her.
- In 1964, the brilliant Marlene Dietrich visited Moscow. After her speech at the House of Writers, she asked for a meeting with K. G. Paustovsky, who at that time was very ill and was in the hospital. Despite the prohibitions of doctors and the refusal of Konstantin Georgievich himself, he was nevertheless brought to her for a meeting. Filled with tears, the famous beauty fell on her knees before him and kissed the old writer's hand with feeling in front of the whole audience. Having calmed down, she said that she had long dreamed of thanking the Soviet writer for his story "Telegram".
- In 1965, Paustovsky was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but it was given to another Russian writer, Mikhail Sholokhov.
PAUSTOVSKY Konstantin Georgievich, Russian writer, master of lyric-romantic prose, author of works about nature, historical stories, artistic memoirs.
Life Universities
Paustovsky was born in the family of an official of the Office of the South-Western Railway, graduated from the gymnasium. In 1911-13 he studied at the Kiev University at the Faculty of Natural History, then at the Law Faculty of Moscow University. The writer's youth was not prosperous: the departure of his father from the family, the poverty of his mother, the blindness of his sister, then the death of two brothers during the First World War.
The revolution, which he accepted joyfully, quickly dispelled the initial romantic enthusiasm. The thirst for freedom and justice, the belief that after it unprecedented opportunities will open up for the spiritual growth of the individual, for the transformation and development of society - all these beautiful-hearted dreams collided with the harsh reality of violence and degradation of the old culture, devastation and entropy of human relations, which Paustovsky , according to memoirists, he himself was soft, sympathetic, old-fashioned intelligent, dreamed of seeing completely different.
In 1914-1929, Paustovsky tried different professions: a conductor and a tram driver, a nurse on the front of the First World War, a reporter, a teacher, a proofreader, etc. He travels a lot in Russia.
In 1941-1942 he went to the front as a TASS war correspondent, published in the front-line newspaper For the Glory of the Motherland, in the newspapers Defender of the Motherland, Krasnaya Zvezda, etc.
Romance
Paustovsky began precisely as a romantic. A. Green had a great influence on his work.
Paustovsky's first story On the Water was published in the Kiev magazine Ogni in 1912. In 1925 he published his first book, Sea Sketches. In 1929 he became a professional writer. In the same year, his novel "Shining Clouds" was published.
Having wandered around the country, having seen death and suffering, changing a number of professions, Paustovsky nevertheless remained true to romance - as before, he dreamed of a sublime and bright life, and considered poetry a life brought to full expression.
The writer was drawn to heroic or extraordinary figures, devoted either to the idea of art, like the artists Isaac Levitan or Niko Pirosmanashvili, or to the idea of freedom, like the unknown French engineer Charles Lonsevil, who found himself in Russian captivity during the war of 1812. And these characters are usually characterized through their attitude to books, paintings, to art.
It was the creative principle in the personality that attracted the writer most of all.
Therefore, many of the heroes closest to the author are precisely the creators: artists, poets, writers, composers ... Happily gifted, they, as a rule, are unhappy in life, even if they eventually succeed. The drama of a creative personality, as Paustovsky shows, is associated with the artist’s special sensitivity to any disorganization of life, to its indifference; it is the reverse side of a heightened perception of its beauty and depth, longing for harmony and perfection.
Wandering (many of his heroes are wanderers) for Paustovsky is also creativity in its own way: a person, in contact with unfamiliar places and a new, hitherto unknown beauty, discovers previously unknown layers of feelings and thoughts in himself.
Birth of a legend
Dreaming is an integral feature of many early Paustovsky's heroes. They create their own independent world, separated from boring reality, but when faced with it face to face, they often fail. Many of the writer's early works (Minetoza, 1927; Romantics, written in 1916-23, published in 1935) are marked by exoticism, a hazy haze of mystery, the names of his heroes are unusual (Chop, Matt, Garth, etc.). In many works of Paustovsky, a legend seems to be born: reality is adorned with fiction, fantasy.
Over time, Paustovsky moves away from abstract romance, from the heroes' exaggerated claims to exclusivity. The next period of his literary activity can be characterized as the romanticism of transformation. In the 1920s and 30s, Paustovsky traveled a lot around the country, engaged in journalism, published essays and reports in the central press. And as a result, he writes the stories Kara-Bugaz (1932) and Colchis (1934), where the same romance receives a social accent, although here, too, the motive of the transtemporal, universal desire for happiness is the main one.
Kara-Bugaz and other works
Along with the story of Kara-Bugaz, fame comes to the writer. In the story - about the development of Glauber's salt deposits in the bay of the Caspian Sea - romance is transformed into a struggle with the desert: a person, conquering the earth, seeks to outgrow himself. The writer combines in the story the artistic and pictorial beginning with an action-packed plot, scientific and popularizing goals with the artistic understanding of different human destinies that collided in the struggle to revive the barren, parched land, history and modernity, fiction and document, for the first time achieving the diversity of the narrative.
For Paustovsky, the desert is the personification of the destructive beginnings of being, a symbol of entropy. For the first time, the writer touches with such certainty on environmental issues, one of the main ones in his work. More and more the writer is attracted by everyday life in its simplest manifestations.
It was during this period, when Soviet criticism welcomed the industrial pathos of his new works, that Paustovsky also wrote stories that were simple in plot, with a full-bodied and natural sound of the author's voice: Badger's Nose, Thief Cat, The Last Devil "and others included in the Summer Days cycle. (1937), as well as stories about artists ("Orest Kiprensky" and "Isaac Levitan", both 1937) and the story "Meshchorskaya Side" (1939), where his gift for depicting nature reaches its highest peak.
These works are very different from his ceremonial novels like Valor and the Guide, where the writer tried to show the ideal as something already existing, pathos overflowed, idealization turned into the notorious varnishing of reality.
prose poetry
In the work of Paustovsky, it is poetry that becomes the dominant prose: lyricism, reticence, nuances of mood, musicality of the phrase, melodic narration - they have the charm of the writer's emphasized traditional style.
Tale of life
The main thing in the last period of Paustovsky's work was the autobiographical Tale of Life (1945-63) - the story of the author-hero's search for himself, the meaning of life, the most full-blooded ties with the world, society, nature (covers the period from the 1890s to 1920 years) and "Golden Rose" (1956) - a book about the work of the writer, about the psychology of artistic creativity.
It is here that the writer finds the best synthesis for himself of the genres and artistic means closest to him - a short story, an essay, a lyrical digression, etc. The story here is imbued with a deeply personal, suffering feeling, usually concentrated around creativity and moral quest of the individual. The legend is quite organically built into the fabric of the narrative as a natural element of the artistic structure.
Born in 1892 in Moscow in the family of an extra. From childhood, his parents instilled in their son a love of art. Mother loved to play music and played the piano, and her father was fond of theater. Due to the fact that the Paustovsky family had to move often, Konstantin Georgievich began to study in different institutions, but received his final education in Kyiv. Already at this time, he begins to write his works, and his first work “On the Water” is published.
After the gymnasium, he enters Moscow University, but the situation in the country forces him to go to the front. Then he realizes that he wants to be a writer, and for this he believes that you need to know about everything and devote all the time to your work.
After the war, a few years later, Paustovsky got a job as a reporter in Moscow. But he could not sit in one place and went to Kyiv. The writer did not want to stay there for a long time and began to travel around Russia. By 1920, Konstantin Georgievich was publishing his works.
In 1928 he published his first collection "Oncoming Ships", but the story "Kara-Bugaz" brought fame already in 1932.
Paustovsky liked to write about nature, about Russian life. Therefore, his works were filled with love for the motherland.
During the Great Patriotic War, the writer was appointed a war correspondent. He writes works dedicated to the hard life in the war. After the war, he began to travel around the world, collecting material for his novels and short stories. Thanks to his later work, Paustovsky is recognized all over the world and he is nominated for the Nobel Prize. Unfortunately, the writer failed to obtain it.
Already by 1960, the writer begins to fall ill and experiences a heart attack. At this time, he is working on The Tale of Life, but dies a few years later. In 1968 he was buried at the Kaluga cemetery.
Biography of Paustovsky for children
In May 1892, in the capital city of Moscow, a baby was born in an Orthodox family. At baptism, the boy was named Constantine, which means "permanent" in Latin.
Due to the specificity of their activities, the parents of the future writer moved a lot. Therefore, from an early age, Konstantin traveled with his family to many different cities, villages and villages.
When the time came for the boy to study, he was sent to a Kyiv gymnasium, and after graduation he became a student at Kyiv University.
Because of the next move, he would have received a law degree already in Moscow. But the Revolution and the Civil War burst into the lives of many people of that difficult time like a fiery whirlwind. Therefore, the future writer did not complete his education. He, like many of his peers, went to defend his homeland.
After all the well-known events, Konstantin Georgievich began to try himself as a reporter. He really liked this occupation, and he began to show his talent in the literary field. During this period of time, the writer lives in his beloved city of Kyiv, writes his first fundamental literary work, which brought him recognition. He was recognized as an accomplished writer, and this is very important for a writer.
After Paustovsky travels a lot. He visited different parts of Russia. And during all his trips, the writer strictly observed the rule given to himself: always write down in a notebook the impressions of what he saw and heard.
It was these very impressions that formed the basis of many of his works about animals and nature. These are mostly children's texts. We all remember from childhood "Cat Thief", "Hare Paws", "Steel Ring" and many other stories, there were stories and fairy tales.
When the Great Patriotic War rumbled over the country, Paustovsky, as a patriot of his Fatherland, stood up for her defense, like millions of other compatriots. He fought as a military correspondent for the Pravda newspaper.
The war ended, peaceful life began, and Paustovsky writes about this historical period in Russia. His works have brought him fame all over the world. Around the same period of time, Konstantin Georgievich made a trip to the countries of Europe. At the moment, an opportunity has appeared in his life to fulfill his old dream.
Around the year 1965, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but, unfortunately, it was not awarded to the writer.
Nothing goes unnoticed. The hard times of war left their imprint. Konstantin Paustovsky is no longer young and suffers from asthma. In addition, a series of heart attacks. Unfortunately, in 1968 the writer's heart stopped beating. His ashes are buried in the graveyard of Tarusa.
It is worth noting a few interesting facts associated with the personality of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky.
Firstly, the complete works of Konstantin Paustovsky were published in six volumes with a circulation of three hundred thousand copies.
Secondly, Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich has many awards for military and labor merits.
Thirdly, in Odessa, in the year about two thousand and ten, a monument to the writer was created, which represents Paustovsky in the style of the mysterious and mystical Sphinx.
3, 4, 5, 7 class about life by date
Interesting facts and dates from life
