Lyubov Schukin
In the implementation of the project on moral and patriotic education " Russian folk art- the basis for the formation of patriotic feelings and universal values of preschoolers "a large-scale work was carried out. Firstly, the basic techniques were studied folk painting: Khokhloma, Gzhel, Dymka, Filimonovskaya.
Secondly, it was decided to create folk corner- art crafts and involve parents in its creation. It should be noted that the parents gladly responded to the proposal to create corner and took an active part in it. As a result of the robots of the parents, a layout was created Russian hut. Over time, its interior enriched: ancient household items appeared in it - a rolling pin, a spinning wheel, a samovar, a well and others.
Thirdly, a whole exhibition of clay toys made by hand and hand-painted was created.
Now this exhibition decorates our group and is replenished with new items.
Thank you for your attention!
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Man by nature is an artist. Everywhere, one way or another, he strives to bring beauty into his life ... Beautiful things bring up creativity.
Folk Art Corner
for children and parents
Joint workshop for children and parents
Name the items. What unites them?
Russia is a country of forests. Here huts were cut from wood. Carts and sledges were made for transportation. The most familiar peasant shoes in the past - bast shoes - were woven from linden bark. Children played with wooden toys.
scarlet silk handkerchief,
Bright floral sundress
The hand rests
In wooden sides.
And inside there are secrets:
Maybe three, maybe six.
Blushed a little
This is Russian, (Matryoshka)
2 slide: Unique Russian toy. Together with the Russian birch tree and the Russian samovar, it has become a symbol of Russia.
Russian matryoshka is a good messenger of friendship and love. She is the soul of Russia.
Indeed, this wonderful bright doll in the old days in Rus' was called Matryona, and affectionately Matryoshka.
3 slide: Where and how did this miracle come about?
The most popular Russian wooden painted doll in the world appeared in Russia in the 90s of the XIX century in the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow, owned by S.I. Mamontov.
6 slide: Once, a Japanese toy brought from the island of Honshu by the wife of S.I. Mamontov got into the estate.
It was the figure of a good-natured bald old man, the sage Fukurumu, in which there were several more figures nested one inside the other. The Japanese, by the way, claim that a Russian monk was the first to carve such a toy on the island of Honshu. This toy was the prototype of our matryoshka
(After 8 slides)
THE GAME: mix up two sets of nesting dolls and ask the children to sort them or line them up in pairs.
And wooden utensils speak of a great role in the life of the Russian people.
9 slide: The tale begins not about us, not about you, but about a wonderful drawing of magic grass.
10 slide: They say that a master icon painter lived in Moscow in ancient times. The king highly appreciated his skills and generously rewarded him for his efforts. The master loved his craft, but most of all he loved the free life, and therefore one day he secretly left the royal court and moved to the remote Kerzhen forests.
He cut down his hut and began to do the same business. He dreamed of such an art that would become dear to everyone, like a simple Russian song, and that the beauty of his native land would be reflected in it. And so the first Khokhloma cups appeared, decorated with lush flowers and thin twigs.
The fame of the great master spread throughout the earth.
People came from everywhere to admire his skill. Many cut huts here and settled nearby.
Finally, the glory of the master reached the formidable sovereign, and he ordered a detachment of archers to find the fugitive and bring him. But faster than the archer's feet, popular rumor flew. The master found out about his trouble, gathered fellow villagers and revealed to them the secrets of his craft. And in the morning, when the royal messengers entered the village, everyone saw how the hut of the miracle artist was burning with a bright flame. The hut burned down, and no matter how they searched for the master himself, they were not found anywhere. Only its colors remained on the ground, which seemed to absorb both the heat of the flame and the blackness of the ashes.
The master has disappeared, but his skill has not disappeared, and Khokhloma colors still burn with a bright flame, reminding everyone of the happiness of freedom, and the heat of love for people, and the thirst for beauty. It can be seen that the master's brush was not simple - a brush made of sunlight.
Such is the legend. They always tell it a little differently, and every inquisitive person can read it in the collections of legends and fairy tales of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Like any legend, there is a lot of fiction in it, but its truth is that great skill and great art are preserved only when they are passed from hand to hand, from teacher to student. This is what happened with Khokhloma.
It is curious that Khokhloma is not the birthplace of craft, but a village where the first craftsmen brought their products from the old Volga villages - Novopokrovskoye, Kuligino, Semino.
Let's admire the products of Khokhloma masters.(view products in the museum)
How are these products that come to our homes to please us made?
11 slide: The process of making Khokhloma dishes.
1. Workpiece. Wooden utensils are turned on a lathe or hollowed out from well-dried wood. Such blanks are called "linen". The finished product is well dried.
2. Primer. After drying, the product is primed: the clay diluted with water to a liquid state is rubbed into the linen with a very thin layer with a rag. Dry for several hours.
3 . Impregnation with linseed oil, drying.
4. Oiling. Cover with 4 layers of drying oil, the 4th layer is the thickest, dried in an oven at a temperature of 50-60 degrees.
5. Tinning - tin or aluminum powder is rubbed into the product, it acquires a beautiful white-mirror shine. Drying.
6. Painting. All elements of the painting are done immediately with a brush, without a preliminary drawing with a pencil. The brush must be held at its very base and placed vertically to the plane of the drawing. Almost all painting of products is carried out by weight. The maiden hand holds the product, and the painting is done with the right hand. The right hand remains without support, and only sometimes with the left little finger can one touch the product.
7. Treatment. The painted and dried product is covered with oil varnish and hardened in an oven at a temperature of 270-300 degrees. Under the influence of temperature, the varnish turns yellow, and the product acquires a golden color. To obtain a more saturated golden color, the polishing operation can be repeated several times.
Let's take a closer look at Khokhloma products. What ornament do the artists use?
What are the main colors in the painting? I invite you today to immerse yourself in the world ......
12 slide: Herbal ornament or "grass".
So characteristic of all Khokhloma
Wonderful drawing of magic grass.
“Sedges” is the simplest element. It is performed with a slight movement of the tip of the brush from top to bottom.
“Blade blades” are strokes with a slight smooth thickening.
"Droplets" are performed by applying a brush to the product.
"Antennae" is depicted as a continuous line of the same thickness, twisted into a spiral.
“Curls” are performed, like “antennae”, only with a slight pressure in the middle of the element.
13 slide: Kriul
Simple in form, but pleasing to the eye.
A wonderful pattern is rich and elegant.
On the gold background with an intricate snake
The ornament winds here - try to be smart!
14 slide: Leaves
For a long time in Rus', images of flowering bushes and fruits were considered a wish for good, prosperity and happiness.
15 slide: Khokhloma artists affectionately call berries, and the same master will never paint them in the same way.
16 slide: Berries of currants, mountain ash are drawn with a “poke” or “bump” (a piece of sheep's wool wrapped around a stick) (cotton buds)
Many people associate creativity with chaos. There is an opinion that an attribute of a creative person is certainly a creative disorder in his space for this very creativity.
Perhaps this is true for some, but in a Montessori environment, even in a creative corner, perfect order reigns. At the same time, not a single kindergarten can boast of such a number of truly creative works.
The environment is what matters to the child. Easels, low shelves, where you can find everything for drawing, modeling, and other creative activities. Paints and plasticine, paper and cardboard, glue, scissors, natural materials, beads, threads, etc. are freely available here.
pic
It is also worth noting that in order to stimulate the development of the child's creative abilities, several conditions are necessary:
- an environment that stimulates and advances the development of the child
- lack of regulation in the activities of the baby
- a creative person, as an example that inspires, helps and stimulates the child to be creative
- support and constant reinforcement of creative searches, new discoveries ..
As for the free creative flow, in this process, the child makes a lot of discoveries: for example, that a sharpened pencil draws, but a broken one does not, that dry paints will not leave their mark, but a crayon always does. Details and technique in this period are of little importance.
And if you want to kill creativity in a child, then here is a short instruction for you:
- seat the child at the table (when you want to ride the car)
- hand over a pencil (but I want a brush)
- show something, explain, resent, because the child does not do as we would like ...
Everybody! Done with drawing!
And what is needed:
Maintain in the child the pleasure and joy of drawing, from the process itself
You should not attach great importance to the final drawing - the result. For a child, the process is much more important, because he masters new opportunities and comprehends the world. At the same time, you should not admire every new squiggle.
M. Montessori said:
His hand is not yet perfect, and his mind is insensitive to the beautiful and the ugly... One must give an eye that sees, a hand that obeys, a soul that thinks in order to give a drawing, and all life must contribute to this.
About the emotional component of creativity and an example of a creative person, I think everything is clear, but for now, a few examples organization of creative space.
Organized space invites the child to take action. When everything is conveniently arranged, the child's hand reaches for it. And what is important, it is much easier to maintain order in an organized space.
Depending on the age of the child, the content of the creative corner will change. Accordingly, the smaller the child, the smaller the choice of material, i.e. in the access zone only everything you need for drawing and sculpting.
A very convenient option for arranging crayons and pencils according to the corresponding color of the cups. 
Also very interesting options for the location and storage of accessories for creativity. 
One of the compact options for a creative corner: 
Well, this is a real creative station:
Of course, in Russian apartments it is not always possible to allocate even a whole corner for creativity, but you can definitely select at least one shelf where all the materials will be available and conveniently located for the child.
For example, we have a special low cabinet in the kitchen, where all the paints, brushes, pencils, paper are located. When a child wants to draw, he chooses the material and sits at the kitchen table or on the floor, depending on the scale planned.
We also have a small box near the bed, where there is an album and crayons, because the child loves to draw before going to bed, and so do I.
And all the other "special" materials for creativity, I periodically lay out for him on our shelves in trays.
And as a conclusion:
One Montessori educator who has worked in countries around the world from China to New Zealand was asked:
"How to develop creativity in a child in conditions of free work?".
She answered:
- Leave it. The child will figure it out. They just put pencils and paints in the classroom.”
More on space organization:
