Volkova Evgenia
An essay on the problems of preserving cultural heritage and attracting young people to this topic
Download:
Preview:
Head Mukhamedyarova N.A.
E. Volkova gr. MO-32
What are museums for?
In order to talk about the role of historical and cultural heritage in our lives, that is, the role of museums, we will answer the questions: what are the so-called museums, why are they needed and what needs to be done with them so that young people start visiting them.
Museum - an institution engaged in the collection, study, storage of monuments of naturalstories, material and spiritual culture. At first, this concept meant a collection of exhibits on art and science, then from a certain period of time, we will not go into details, since no one will remember it anyway and will not consider it necessary to remember, it includes the building where these monuments were located. Now there are a lot of museums, such as: local history, historical, literary, musical, natural science, theater and so on. With the development of computer technology, virtual museums have appeared. From this small explanation, we can build the answer to the question: what are they for.
There are few people who have never visited a museum at least once in their lives, if only because a person has been involved in culture since childhood. If parents do not do this, then in educational institutions visiting such institutions is included in the educational program. Sometimes, after visiting a museum, children ask the following question: “Why do we need museums?” this question can be forgiven for children, but adults should understand why a museum is needed.
To understand why museums are needed, it is necessary to understand what exactly they are - museums are memory. Therefore, in order to answer the question why they are needed, one can only say that they remember, appreciate and know. Museums represent history, so it is necessary to understand that without knowing history, it will be difficult to imagine the future, which means it will be difficult to build it.
At a certain period in the life of each person, there is a need to consider the path traveled and understand something. The appearance of museums at the moment is connected with the same. Museums arose at a time when humanity and society had a need to look back, as well as a need for self-awareness and self-knowledge. All modern museums have appeared over the past few centuries.
Museums are reliable keepers of historical memory and heritage of past eras. Museums are of great importance in our life. They reflected the life of those people who lived a long time ago and not only.
There are many different thematic museums and exhibitions in the world. Significant and not very significant, they offer their visitors to get acquainted with the exposition and form their opinion about this or that artist, sculptor, period of history or country. Among them there are those who claim unconditional leadership. These are the largest museums in the world, which have a huge impact on the rest and shape public opinion, and also act as trendsetters.
One of the most famous is the Louvre, located in Paris, the capital of France. Its exposition is located in the royal palace, built 800 years ago - and he himself can act as one of the exhibits. It represents all eras and peoples, here you can find both Assyrian bas-reliefs and modern art nouveau. In London, there is its old competitor - the British Museum, which was opened in the middle of the 18th century and has the same collection. Rome, in turn, also seeks to establish itself as the cultural capital of the world. Italy, the cradle of the Renaissance, gave the world such masters as Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, Michelangelo, Raphael. It is their works that are central to the Vatican Museum - Musei Vaticani. In addition, there you can find the art of the Ancient World, as well as the Middle Ages and industrial Europe. Sometimes the administration organizes open-air exhibitions in the Colosseum, and then the ticket price increases significantly. The Metropolitan Museum, unlike the previous two, is no longer in the Old, but in the New World, to be more precise, in New York. It contains works by artists of Western Europe and America, as well as cultural monuments of the peoples of Africa, Asia, the Far and Middle East. Its exposition includes not only painting, but also graphics, sculpture and even decorative and applied handicrafts. The museum is relatively young, so its exhibits are close to admirers of contemporary art trends. The Spanish Prado Museum is located in Madrid and is one of the largest museums in the world. The collection is so large that only a small part of it is presented to the public due to lack of space on the walls. In addition to painting, the Prado has sculptures and jewelry.
Do these museums compete with each other? In a way, yes. But cooperation, nevertheless, is put above all: art does not tolerate pragmatism. To maintain the world's cultural heritage, one must be truly devoted to this cause in the first place, and not to commerce.
There are about 2,700 state museums in Russia. They are part of the cultural space in which objects of history, culture, nature function, called by society to be valuable and to be preserved and passed on to future generations as a cultural and historical experience. The museum world embraces not only the objects to be preserved and included in modern culture, but also the entire set of institutions, people, and ideas that perform these tasks.
There are approximately 444 museums in Moscow. And they are all good.I love painting, so I look at paintings, and the best thing to do is in museum halls, where there is a special atmosphere, special silence, smell, and interiors. Therefore, when I have free time, I certainly go to the Tretyakov Gallery or the Museum. Pushkin. In general, I like, for example, just to sit in the Panorama Museum of Borodino, among the portraits of the Patriotic War of 1812, and when I studied "War and Peace" at school, I often ran there, got acquainted with people of that era.I was in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War. I really liked this museum, I learned a lot of new things about the war. I advise everyone to visit this museum. every person must know the history of his country,
without the past there can be no present and future! This museum has a real military dugout and the Red Army headquarters, where you can try on a real military uniform, get acquainted with weapons (MMG - pistols, machine guns, rifles, machine guns). You can take a picture with the class, group, family, etc. Get a set of artistic photographs in a stylized package to commemorate your visit to the museum. In my opinion, this is all very, very interesting and informative.
But b Most of all I like the museum in Tsaritsyno. It is located in the south of Moscow.Surprise and attract the strange fate of Tsaritsyn, the still unsolved mystery associated with its construction, the very appearance of a huge estate, romantic and somewhat mysterious, similar to a museum of rampant undertakings of the 18th century, rich in inventions, fantasies and whims, repeated attempts to complete it, slow, over two hundred years, extinction. Fate and time were merciless to Tsaritsyn. Much perished, was lost, sometimes irretrievably. But in our days there has been an almost incredible revival of the failed residence of Catherine the Great near Moscow. And today it is the most popular place in all of Moscow. The flow of people does not dry up neither in summer, nor in winter, neither in the afternoon, nor in the evening.
If I ever get to Paris or Madrid or Toledo or Florence, it's not hard to guess where I'll be on the very first day.
I would very much like to visit the State Hermitage Museum, go to the Winter Palace, visit the Museum of Cinema (The Museum of Cinema collects, describes, restores and stores documents and materials on the history of Russian and Soviet cinema, organizes exhibitions based on its funds and collections stored in other museums and archives). The Museum of Cinema regularly shows in its four cinema halls the classics of domestic and foreign cinema, retrospectives and thematic cycles of films that give an idea of the best achievements of film culture of the past and present. The museum has cinema clubs specialized in topics, types of cinema (animation, non-fiction films, film opera) and countries of the world (France, Germany, Hungary, India, etc.). I would also like to visit the Sergiev Posad State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve. The Sergiev Posad Historical and Art Museum-Reserve is one of the largest repositories of Russian art. The unique originality of the museum is given by its location - it is located within the walls of the ancient Trinity-Sergius Monastery (Lavra), founded in the first half of the 40s. 16th century son of the Rostov boyar Sergius of Radonezh.) I dream of visiting these museums and would advise everyone to go there and learn a lot of interesting things.
I was also in the Museum of Fine Arts, I really liked this museum, because I am fond of paintings and love to draw, I also managed to visit the Museum of Photography, this museum interested me very much. My hobby is photography, especially nature, and in this museum there are a lot of such beautiful and interesting photos that this museum has become one of my favorites.
But with special warmth I would like to tell you about the Museums of my native city - the city of Podolsk.Museum of Local Lore- a place where the present and the past meet. When you walk through its halls, you feel how the spirit of bygone times fills you. Here you can take notes, look at amazing exhibits for hours, or you can just dream, imagining yourself either as a Scythian, or a soldier of the Northern War, or a soldier hoisting a banner over the Reichstag. The Podolsky Museum of Local Lore was opened in 1971. It was created through the efforts of community enthusiasts. The museum is located in several historical buildings and has a number of unique collections. The section "Archaeology" is recognized as the best among the museums of the Moscow region. Of great interest is the hall dedicated to the crafts of the Podolsk region. The collection of sewing machines of the Singer Company is unique. The exposition "Nature of the Podolsk Territory" is located in a separate building. In October 2011, a new exposition of the museum "230 years of the city of Podolsk" was opened in a restored building of the first quarter of the 19th century. It tells about the most important events in the history of the city and the country: the Patriotic War of 1812, the feat of the Podolsk cadets in the battle of Moscow in 1941, the industry and culture of the city. The artistic design of the exposition was carried out by the creative workshop of the Honored Artist of Russia A.N. Konov "Media Museum" and has an innovative character, based on the principle of immersing the visitor in the space of history. The scientific concept of the new exposition, called "Podilsky Meridian", provides for the display of the main events in the history of the city, starting from 1781, when Catherine II signed a decree on giving the village of Podil the status of a city, up to the present day. The museum is small but has interesting exhibits. The documentary film that is shown in the museum tells mainly about the people who lived in Podolsk in the 19th-20th century. and their lifestyle. Going to the next room, I find myself in the Soviet era.The first years after the overthrow of the monarchical power in Russia were quite difficult for Podolsk: there was a decrease in the pace of industrial production, unemployment increased, factories stopped. The outbreak of the Civil War forced the Soviet government to resume military production. Since many military factories in Russia were occupied by the Whites, it was decided to build a new cartridge factory in Podolsk. He occupied part of the Zemgor shell factory. Since 1919, the Podolsk Locomotive Repair Plant (the future Plant named after Ordzhonikidze) has been operating in Podolsk, which was deployed on the territory of the cable and copper-rolling plants.
Another interesting museum that our city can be proud of is the Historical and Memorial Museum-Reserve of Podolia. The basis of the museum-reserve is the house-museum of V.I. Lenin, whose exposition has existed since 1937. The new status of the museum (since 1991) reflects the process of its growth and expansion of the range of its scientific interests and problems to be solved. The traditional exposition gives a fairly broad idea of the history, culture, life of Podolsk in the 19th-20th centuries. The territory includes part of the historical buildings of Podolsk, as well as valuable archeological monuments in its immediate vicinity, the security zone covers the most integrally preserved part of Podolsk within the boundaries of the last century. The museum is located in the landscape area of the Pakhra river basin in the riverside part of the city. The museum was opened as the Memorial House-Museum of V.I. Lenin in Podolsk, where in 1900 V.I. Lenin: mother - Maria Alexandrovna, sisters Maria Ilyinichna and Anna Ilyinichna, brother Dmitry Ilyich. V.I. came here twice in the summer of 1900. Lenin. The decision to restore the former Kedrova's house was made in January 1934. The museum was created with the direct participation of the Central Museum of V.I. Lenin, relatives and friends of Vladimir Ilyich. The architectural appearance of the house and its everyday furnishings were restored in the form they were by the end of the 19th century. The basis of the exposition of the memorial house is authentic objects. A yard with outbuildings and a garden adjacent to the house were also recreated. In 1991, by decision of the Podolsk City Council, the historical and memorial museum-reserve "Podillya" was created on the basis of the memorial complex. Further along the street there are five more buildings that represent a Russian hut. The museum complex includes a museum of historical traditions. Today, the Podillya Historical and Memorial Museum-Reserve is a monument of the history and culture of the city and the region.
Now I want to tell you how our group went to the Museum of History. The museum building is large, old and beautiful. There was a Christmas tree in the lobby of the museum, because it was the winter holidays, the New Year had just arrived. We climbed the stairs to the hall, which tells about the life of ancient people. On the walls were paintings depicting scenes of ancient man hunting for mammoths, bears, buffaloes. And on the stands were demonstrated spears, arrows, tools that people used in the Stone Age. All this is very interesting, because people had to fight for their existence, hide from the cold and predators in caves, learn to use fire. The further we moved through the halls, the more developed human society became. It's already the 16th century. During this period, people already knew the structure of the universe and the solar system. The architects learned how to build stone buildings, beautiful churches appeared in Rus', painted by Feofan the Greek and Andrei Rublev, chronicles began to be written in monasteries. When I was at the museum for the first time, it was very interesting for me to see the sights and very interesting things of those times. At first we did not really want to go to the museum. Apparently we are just used to cinemas, clubs and other entertainment centers. When our group entered the museum, stepped on the threshold, we were visited by a strange feeling. A sharp interest seized us. Some interesting, unusual things that we have never seen appeared right before our eyes. We looked at everything very quickly, could not see enough, it was very interesting. Of course, there was a person who explained everything, told the history of this item, where and how it was used, but I had no time for that, I moved away from my group with whom I went to this museum. Seeing such interesting exhibits, I walked in circles, trying to capture all this in my memory. Unfortunately, soon everyone began to gather, the tour was coming to an end.
Not having seen enough of the exhibits, but with a joyful face that I still managed to see and capture for a long time what I had never seen, I left. For a very long time I remembered those minutes that I spent in this interesting place. My attitude to everything immediately changed, I began to visit theaters and museum exhibitions more often. In general, I began to join the art. I began my spiritual development, which should be in a person, first of all, now I have become a spiritually developed person. This is how I remember this first excursion with a group, thanks to which we joined the art, became closer to each other and better understand ourselves and others.
After this event, I decided to find out what my co-groups think about museums and conducted a survey. Basically, the answers to my questions made me happy, because. everyone understands the importance of museums in our lives, that you can learn a lot of interesting and useful things in them, that we have the opportunity to see another world by visiting a museum, to learn other dimensions and get out of communication with this world enriched, enlightened, matured in the spiritual and moral aspect. But there were also such answers:I don't like museums. I hate to waste time going to museums. It doesn't really matter which. I do not like them. I'm bored there. I'm not interested. I'm lazy. Besides, I don't like walking. On weekdays I get tired, I have no time for going to museums. I live two hours from college. I don't have the time or desire. On weekends, I prefer to sleep, eat, listen to music, read books, but never go to museums. I'm not waiting for the weekend to go to some museum. I am not attracted to such a prospect. I don't like to go outside. At all. I go to the store with grief in half, and then there is the museum. House, silence, book, coffee - photo it, the guarantee of MY happiness. And I do not want to change anything in the way of my life. Therefore, museums for me - an empty place. Not because there is something wrong, because many people like it. It's just not in my area of interest. Everything that interests me, I can find with my dad in the library. Old records of The Beatles, Rainbow, Queen, Pink Floyd, Scorpions, Whitesnake. Everything. I don’t need anything else, I always have it at hand ”- this is the most curious answer, but he is not the only one of this kind, so I bring it up. What I want to say to such people - I feel sorry for you ... Because the world is beautiful, because you have to strive to learn all the time and the museum is perfect for this. And even in our time of a continuous subjective view of life - do it in the end for your immortal soul, get invaluable experience for the future life, if there is neither the opportunity nor the strength to make this world even more beautiful with your life.
Then I decided to find out what needs to be done so that my peers would like to go to the museum, what needs to be done so that they are interested? And this is what I heard: “If I didn’t have the opportunity to find out about my favorite bands, then I would like the following: The Old Museum is a cheekbone. The walls in it will be made of suede and always purple. Guitars that would hang on the walls, those that were in the hands of great musicians in my understanding, drum kits. Projectors that will show videos of old interviews or concert recordings on the walls, without sound. The museum must be dark. And sofas, armchairs, white, leather would not interfere. There are carpets on the floor and very loud music.
So that would be the atmosphere. Another answer that I will give was the following: “I would like that the museums were interactive, that you could touch everything, that we would be met by the characters of that era, that there would be theatrical performances – it would be very interesting…”. I think that such museums have a place in our lives, and as far as I know, there are museums of this kind.
But still, museums are necessary. How to imagine our life without the Museum. A.S. Pushkin, without the Tretyakov Gallery, without the Hermitage, without the fact that you can just stand in front of Vrubel's "Demon" or Rublev's "Trinity". How to understand Russian fairy tales without paintings by Vasnetsov, how to remove St. Basil's Cathedral from life, when the heart stops with inexpressible delight, when you just stand next to it, how to erase from memory the first trip with my mother to the Darwin Museum - this has entered our lives and it will remain with us to the end.
Therefore, museums have a place in our lives, because only the heritage preserved by museums forms a person, preserves traditions, shows the life of our people. Especially in our time, which is not easy, when the younger generation needs material evidence of the path that our people have traveled, the pride of belonging to this people and the happiness that you live here and now - in this beautiful country with such a great past, and no less wonderful future, and the joy that you can continue the traditions of the people.
Also, I think it's good that there is a museum in our college, which gives an idea of what kind of people worked and studied in it. I think such museums are necessary, because. you get acquainted with the profession, you are proud of it, you are proud of your institution and, in the end, of your Motherland, because love for the Motherland begins with love for your “small Motherland” - for your loved ones, for your friends, for your street, for your College. And since we all come from childhood, we will carry this love all our lives, and the role of our small college museum in it is not the last, and this circumstance is very pleasing, because thanks to it, you become involved in your people, Fatherland.
And finally, I will say the following, I advise everyone to visit museums, because theyintellectually enrich your inner world, broaden your horizons, introduce you to the beautiful, allow you to feel ownership of the world and time.Probably people visit museums because there is something different that you don't see in everyday life. Museums are a separate world, sometimes it even seems that there is a fourth dimension in time.I love going to museums and I advise everyone to do it.
Hiking in various institutions is a necessary condition for cultural life. They are also necessary for a person to develop personally and spiritually. The notion that for comprehensive personal growth it is enough to receive information from the Internet is very erroneous. Even though today museums can be visited without leaving home, via the Internet, even if any exhibits can be viewed on a monitor screen, it still never bears any comparison with a real trip to a museum. Mother nature did not just give people as many as five senses, and not just vision - he needs them for better assimilation of the available information. Museum smells, the speech of the guide, the atmospheric silence of the museum - all of the above is not at all superfluous in order to better get acquainted with everything that is on display.
Everyone knows that going to a museum allows you to develop your imagination a little better. It is for this reason that museums are especially popular with those who have a lively and creative imagination. Must see at the Louvre.
Looking at everything that is exhibited in a "natural" museum, a person in his head compares himself with what he is looking at. Considering historical objects, he seems to go into a bygone time. Looking at works of art - as if unites with the spirit of the manufacturer, living his life, experiencing what he experienced when creating this object.
This is precisely the reason why going to museums bring the greatest benefit to children: they are good for instilling in them an aesthetic sense, in order to teach them to study the history of their people, region, city. Of course, now schools are required to go through trip programs to a variety of museums. But school mentors will do well to create an atmosphere that is most suitable for not making this a mere formality, and also to prevent mockery, which is very popular among modern schoolchildren.
It should also be noted that sometimes things that the museum uses to preserve its exhibits become obsolete, may even become unusable. But all those exhibits that are exhibited in museums are always unique, it simply cannot be otherwise, so there will be absolutely no excuse for losing them one by one. That is why all adults and responsible people should notice the state of museums now, and also teach young people to do the same. Especially when you consider that at present science has given every chance to use in museums the best means of protecting exhibits from the influence of time.
Without culture, society inevitably slides down, so one should keep in mind at least one thing: there should always be patrons who support and develop, to the best of their ability and money, the cultural level of their native people.
Director of the Center for Applied Economic Research at the Higher School of Economics Tatyana Abankina names the reasons for different social groups:
- people with high incomes are too busy and think that visiting the museum will take too much time;
- poor people think that a museum is expensive;
- families with children are sure that the museum has very strict rules of conduct, and their children will be constantly reprimanded;
- disabled people do not want too much attention, besides, they are well aware that most museums are not ready to serve people with disabilities;
- young people are ashamed of their lack of education, and often they are simply bored in the museum;
- and all of them together consider themselves unprepared for the perception of “elitist”, serious art.
(Based on the publication “Social marketing in the “civilization of leisure”)
In addition, whether we like it or not, modern people come to the museum not only for new knowledge, but also to have a good time and relax. This means that the main task of any museum is to create a comfortable environment for all social groups and offer interesting leisure activities for any audience.
Leading specialists of St. Petersburg University of Culture and Arts, employees of St. Petersburg museums will share their methods and experience at the CSTI seminar “Progress”
At the seminar you will learn:
- how to turn a museum into a social space;
- how to “educate” a loyal audience and increase attendance;
- how to work with different social groups (children, youth, pensioners, people with disabilities, etc.);
- how to help special visitors with the help of art therapy;
- what new technologies in museum pedagogy are successfully used by St. Petersburg museums;
- how to revive the museum exposition with the help of theatricalization.
At field practical classes, the participants of the seminar will get acquainted with the technologies of working with visitors of the Russian Museum, the Museum of the Political History of Russia, the Museum “Raznochinny Petersburg”. And within the framework of the round table “Global and local in interaction museum with visitors” will be able to exchange views and experience with colleagues from different regions of Russia.
To learn more about the workshop:
You can find out the conditions for participation and sign up for the seminar on the CNTI Progress website.
About the organizer:
The Center for Scientific and Technical Information “Progress” is one of the largest advanced training centers in Russia. For more than 17 years we have been developing and conducting seminars and trainings for specialists in various industries, incl. for employees of cultural institutions.
Today, a person living in the city has many opportunities to spend his free time outside the walls of the house. Cultural and entertainment institutions will help not only to be distracted, but also to gain new knowledge in any field. Museums and galleries deserve special attention, offering their visitors magnificent expositions and exhibitions on completely different topics.
Types of modern museums
Of course, with the help of the Internet today you can get almost any information without even leaving your apartment. Such distance learning is very mobile and versatile. However, the image does not give a complete picture of a particular object of art. Only real exhibitions can fully immerse you in the study of an object, provide complete information about it. You won't find it on the websites. Modern museums are divided into groups, each of which is designed for a category of people with a certain range of interests. Historical, artistic, literary, military, biological, technical - this is just a small list of existing museums. There are a large number of thematic museums in Penza. The list is listed on the website along with the necessary contact information.
Each museum has both permanent and temporary exhibitions. The latter are notable for the fact that they are brought from other cities and countries. Rare collections, interesting pieces of art can be brought together in one place. Usually, information about a new exposition becomes known through special posters not only on the streets, but also on virtual portals. Visiting the exhibition is a great way to spend quality time with family or friends. In addition to the entertainment side, museums are in demand by students and researchers involved in writing papers or simply by those who want to spend time usefully.
Features of art salons
You should also pay attention to. Recently, such galleries have become more and more popular among those who love culture and art. Salons are a real treasury with valuable objects of painting and sculpture. Thanks to the constant updating of the expositions, you can see rare and valuable paintings. Salons are not limited to simple exhibitions. Here you can buy your favorite piece of art. In some art salons, materials for creative work from well-known and trusted manufacturers are offered for sale.
Culturally enriched, a person changes his worldview, establishes new frameworks and principles. This is a great opportunity to grow spiritually and to attach loved ones to this. Going to a museum or an art salon is a great solution to spend your free time usefully.
IA "". When using the material, a hyperlink is required.
Museums and galleries are a great opportunity to learn a lot of new and interesting things, see amazing works and have a great time. Absolutely everything becomes exhibits today: historical costumes, paintings by contemporary artists and even plastic windows. Everything that is worthy of attention finds its place in such establishments. The fashion for visiting museums has returned over the years, and this is quite simple to explain.
Museums as a way to spend time
As children, many of us think that museums are not interesting. I must say that in this case, the fault is either in the guide, who makes visiting a fascinating place a boring routine, or in the fact that the theme of a particular museum does not suit a particular person.
The museum is a wonderful opportunity to please your aesthetic taste. For example, if you love fashion, then one of the costume museums will be a great place for you. Well, if you love history, then you yourself understand how endless your possibilities are in this case. There are ethnographic, archaeological and even anatomical museums. Some are dedicated to individual outstanding personalities, and their main goal is to enrich our understanding of the life and work of this person. The main thing is to take into account your interests and preferences when choosing a museum, and then visiting it will provide you with a lot of positive emotions.
An important mission of various museums is to preserve objects of cultural and historical heritage of the society, which are of a certain value for a particular city, region, country or even the whole world. It is especially interesting to visit museums while in other countries. What could be more exciting than to completely immerse yourself in the customs, culture, traditions and beliefs of another country?
As you can see, there can be many reasons why people like to visit museums, and they are different for everyone. Fortunately, the variety of such establishments makes it possible to choose what will appeal to a particular person.
