In addition to inspiration, quality paper and pencils, softness from 3B, you will need basic knowledge of how to draw a human figure. If you understand the proportions, then even a beginner can draw a human figure in stages. Consider the techniques and main points for the successful solution of a creative task.
Stages of drawing
The drawing consists of several stages.
Sheet layout
Any drawing begins with a composition. Depending on the pose of nature, a vertical or horizontal format is selected. Light lines create the movement and silhouette of the body.
A well-composed figure is harmoniously placed on the field of the sheet. Looking at the finished work, there should not be a desire to move the drawing.
The image scale must be chosen according to the format. Too large a drawing gives the impression of tightness, it requires adding space around. Small - creates the illusion of emptiness, I want to cut the sheet.
Clarification of the position of the figure and proportions
Outline lines outline the bend of the spine, turn of the head, axial shoulder girdle and hip joints. The direction of the shoulders, forearms, hips, shins, hands and feet is indicated linearly schematically.
Body parts are measured and placed on a sheet in a simplified geometric form (the head is in the form of an oval, the chest is an oblate barrel, a bowl-shaped pelvis, cylindrical and conical - the neck and limbs, prismatic - feet and hands). The relative position of the main paired joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle) is specified.
Building
At this stage, characteristic anatomical features are worked out. The principle is from the general to the particular. Details emerge only after the construction of large parts.
In fact, the construction comes down to breaking large geometric shapes into smaller components. The goal is to achieve an anatomically correct section of the forms.
The human body is symmetrical, and the spine is used in construction as a natural axis of symmetry when laying segments to the right and left.
The drawing is done gently, without pressing on the pencil, so that the auxiliary construction lines can be freely removed. At the same time, the border of light and shadow is outlined.
Black and white study
Depending on the artistic task, chiaroscuro may be limited to light shading, or it may consist of complex multi-layer shading that conveys the features of the skin and the texture of the clothing material.
First of all, own and falling shadows are completely covered. The main tone is concentrated on the shadow border. Then semitones and reflexes are worked out. At the same time, the density of the shadow increases. The last work is done on the light. The illuminated areas are slightly muffled with a light tone.
The final part is detailing. Highlighting highlights with an eraser, sharpening and emphasizing shapes with a stroke. Classical hatching is carried out according to the shape of the object.
Pencil work for beginners
It is advisable to start drawing a person with short-term sketches from nature. Daily practice will help you quickly develop your eye and acquire the necessary graphic skills.
Be sure to study plastic anatomy. Without basic knowledge of the structure of the body, good results cannot be achieved, the drawing will be reduced to copying what you see. The books of Gottfried Bammes can be a wonderful teaching aid.
An excellent help will be drawing individual parts of the body in different positions with anatomical detail.
To help novice artists, there is a special measurement technique for determining the exact proportions of the body:
- A hand is extended in front of you, a pencil is held in the brush perpendicular to the hand. Having closed one eye, the upper point of the measured part of the body (for example, the head) is compared with the upper end of the pencil. The lower measurement point (chin) is marked on the pencil with the thumb.
- Now you can measure how many segments equal to the height of the head make up the growth of nature. The top of the pencil is aligned with the 2nd measuring point (with the chin). Visually in nature, the lower point is marked, coinciding with the thumb on the pencil (approximately at the level of the pectoral muscles).
- The third and subsequent measurements will be from the pectoral muscles to the navel, and further down.
Body drawing in different positions
Let's try to draw a person in different poses.
Silhouette
Silhouette drawing can be used for life sketches, caricatures, illustrations, creation of cartoon characters. With this type of image, the proportions are often not preserved and even deliberately distorted. The contour type of drawing is usually used by children. Any drawing of the human body also begins with a preparatory silhouette sketch.
standing figure
The proportional construction of a full-length figure is associated with its conditional division into parts. On the sheet, dashes mark the vertical dimensions of the depicted person. The pubic fusion roughly divides the body of an adult in half, the head occupies 1/8 - 1/7 of the part. The head of a child, depending on age, is from 1/4 to 1/6.
The dimensions indicated on the paper are divided into the required number of parts. The corresponding contours of the body fit into the resulting segments.
And some more proportions:
- Hands in the lowered state reach the middle of the thigh, elbows are located at waist level.
- The distance formed by the arms spread apart is equal to the height.
- The length of the hand of adults is comparable to the front part, the foot is approximately equal to the height of the head.
- Another eye should be removed between the eye sockets. Forehead, nose, ear, the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin is approximately the same size.
Knowing these patterns greatly facilitates the task of the drawing artist.
To "put" a person on a sheet, you need to determine the center of gravity. To do this, a vertical line is drawn from the jugular fossa (at the base of the neck in front in the center) through the center of the pelvis down. In a person standing with support on one leg, the vertical passes through the foot of the supporting leg. At the same time, the hip joint of this leg is higher, the pelvis is tilted down from the support, the shoulder girdle is in the opposite direction. If the sitter stands on two legs, or leaning on his elbows, leaning on his hands, shoulder, back, the center of gravity is located between the two supports.
In move
In order to draw a person in motion, anatomical analysis is needed to accurately reproduce the dynamics:
- The position of the spine (leaning forward when running, skiing, bending with straightening of the lumbar when jumping forward, twisting when throwing, etc.)
- The interaction of parts of the musculoskeletal system relative to the spinal column. For example, in a walking and running person, the pelvic bones and shoulder girdle work in opposition to each other. By transferring weight to the right leg, the person brings forward and up the left shoulder. In this case, the left hand moves forward, the right hand back.
- The tension of a certain muscle group in each movement.
The beginning of the drawing is always schematic: the movement of the ridge, the location of the axes of the shoulder and pelvic girdle with the designation of the joints, the rotation of the skull, the direction of the bones of the limbs with the simultaneous determination of their length, the position of the feet and hands.
Seated nature
In drawing a seated person, the choice of angle plays an important role. A position directly in front of nature is considered unsuccessful. In this case, the hips of the person sitting on the chair are in a sharp perspective contraction. In a sitting position on the ground, the legs or torso are reduced, depending on the chosen horizon line. A convincing image in this position is difficult to achieve. The best angles for a seated person are lateral, with the horizon at head level or slightly lower.
In the sitting position, the lumbar spine is straightened. The center of gravity is the center of support. Most of the muscles are in a relaxed state. The gluteal muscles, and others in contact with surfaces, are subjected to deformation.
Figure on the side
The profile image allows you to most sharply convey the characteristic features of the body - posture, fit of the head and shoulders.
It requires the construction of the chest, shoulder girdle and pelvic bones in perspective. If the head is not in a clear profile, then so are the skulls. The limbs further away from the viewer will also be somewhat smaller.
For a correct image, it is necessary to find the vanishing point on the horizon line (at eye level) and collect all the center lines in it. Auxiliary lines should also be drawn through paired points (for example: pectoral muscles, anterior superior iliac spines, eyebrows, corners of the lips) in order to maintain body symmetry.
Lying nature
Features of a lying person are relaxation of muscles and sagging of soft tissues under the force of gravity. The muscles in contact with the surface are flattened.
The difficulty in drawing a lying body lies in the perspective reduction of proportions. The most difficult angles of the lying nature are from the side of the head and feet. In such positions, the contraction of the body is maximum, the construction is problematic.
In the perspective image of body parts, the method of constructing geometric bodies in perspective is used.
Drawing from the back
The sitter standing with his back is drawn in the same sequence as the one who is facing. Proportional divisions are transferred to the back of the body. So, half of the growth is at the level of the sacrum. The chin is located in the center of the cervical spine, the next mark is in the middle of the shoulder blades, etc. The task is simplified by the absence of the need to draw a face.
Anatomical forms are subject to geometrization. Avoid direct lighting, which makes it difficult to understand shaping.
Female figure
Draw a female figure
Figure in clothes
Drawing a dressed person comes down to building a naked body, followed by modeling draperies over the build. When depicting clothes, you need to make out in which parts the fabric repeats the relief of the body, and where it has its own volume. For example: on the female body, the blouse is adjacent to the body from the collarbone to the middle of the chest in front, from the hood muscles to the top of the shoulder blades in the back. Below this border, the fabric drapes freely.
Rigid wardrobe items (some hats, shoes) have their own geometry.
When developing chiaroscuro, it is taken into account that the fabric has its own tone and texture. A common mistake is to work out the details and folds of the material more carefully than the faces of nature, in connection with which clothing begins to play a major role in the drawing.
nudity
The female figure has a number of proportional differences from the male. The shoulders are somewhat narrower, the chest is smaller in volume, the pelvic bones are wider, the legs are shorter than men's. In men, the lower leg is longer, the superciliary arches are more developed on the skull.
An important point when drawing a woman: in ladies, the center of gravity is lower than in men. The shift in the center of gravity occurs when putting on shoes with heels and in pregnant women. This is most noticeable from the side, expressed by changes in the deflection in the lumbar region. You need to draw a female body taking into account this feature.
Due to the even distribution of subcutaneous fat, the muscles are hidden, have a calm relief. This requires smooth lines of drawing and fine light and shade modeling.
Drawing various poses
Having mastered drawing from life, using the knowledge gained about anatomy, you can draw the body in different positions according to the representation. Whatever the pose is conceived - natural or acrobatic, it is important to understand the system of work of the skeleton and muscles in each case. The idea of the female body as a geometric constructor will help to correctly model the chiaroscuro from an imaginary light source.
Drawing a group of people
Drawing several characters is a complex task from those already considered. Additionally, the compositional component and the problem of remoteness of people in the future are solved.
In addition to the linear perspective, the group's drawing uses aerial perspective. The figures of the foreground are drawn more concretely and more contrasting than those in the background. The black and white elaboration of the central moments of the composition is the most scrupulous. If necessary, the secondary plan is summarized with a light broad stroke.
Drawing a person is not only difficult, but also very interesting. Having learned to draw a body, you always want more - to convey the character of the character and your attitude towards him.
For children of the senior group of the kindergarten, it is important to devote enough time not only to intellectual and physical development, but to fine art.
In the drawing, the child manifests himself, fantasizes and at the same time develops his abilities. It is still quite difficult for children 5-6 years old to convey all the subtleties of a particular subject, so the help of parents is simply required here.
Trees and plants are not so difficult to draw, but with a human figure, things are more complicated if the task is to draw it in motion.
We will help you with this and show you how to teach a child to draw a person with a simple pencil in stages. For this purpose, you can choose several ways, any child of 5-6 years old will master them.
Before you start drawing a figure with a pencil, it is worth considering that you should not draw dashed lines, and then trace them. Drawing a person, even for beginners, will not be so difficult if you draw lines with just one movement, without being afraid to make a mistake.
When drawing a figure in motion, it is worth imagining its image mentally, and then transferring imaginary lines on a piece of paper. The main rule for beginners is not only to adhere to the accuracy of the outlined lines and observe the proportions of the body, but also to convey the essence and significance of the drawn image.
The main advantage of any artist is the ability to convey the character and inner mood of a person created on a piece of paper.
Quite often, when drawing a person, it is not possible to maintain the proportions of the body, as a result of which the drawn figure does not look believable. The main problem is the incorrect length of the upper and lower limbs, too large or too small a head.
Such mistakes are very typical for children 5-6 years old, so it is recommended to draw a pencil drawing in stages, we learn to break the drawing into several separate parts.
Often, a human figure is conditionally divided into 7 identical parts, which can be equated to 7 head circumferences, including the neck.
Having mastered the theoretical foundations, we learn to draw a person in motion with the children.
Drawing process
Option 1
- First, you need to draw an oval together with the child, which will later be folded with the head of the drawn person.
Just below the oval, draw the neck, this part of the body should not be too long, it must be placed strictly in the middle. Then we draw a rectangle, it will be a guideline for further drawing the body.
- Next, you need to draw the same rectangle, its width should be equal to the first one, but the length should be a little more. Divide the second rectangle in half, thus making a sketch for the lower limbs. The corners of the upper rectangle are slightly rounded, thus forming the shoulders.
- Now you need to remove the extra lines with an eraser, which are indicated in the figure with a red arrow, this procedure will be interesting for children.
- In order for the child to fully master the drawing lesson, it is worth telling him in detail how the details of the head are drawn. All unnecessary lines can be easily removed with an eraser.
In the middle of the previously prepared oval, draw the eyes, as well as the nose and mouth. Do not forget to draw eyebrows, sketch out the person's hairstyle.
- At the very end, make a few oblique lines that will depict the folds on the clothes, draw the necessary elements of the shoe.
The drawing is completely ready, each parent will be able to teach their child to draw a person in stages.
Option 2
This simple way of depicting a figure in motion will appeal to fidgety children.
- First, sketch lines on paper, which will later be a guide for drawing the torso, upper and lower limbs.
In the upper part of the sheet we depict the head (draw an oval). The child will be able to complete this task independently under the guidance of the parent. Do not forget to mark lines inside the oval along which the eyes, nose, and mouth will be placed.
- Based on the guides, draw the torso of a person. Next, you can start drawing hairstyles. Do not exclude some details, let the kid finish drawing any object in the person’s hand on his own. Detail the face, carefully depict the eyes with a nose and mouth.
- Now it remains only to remove the remaining extra lines.
It's so easy to draw a person, such a procedure will please not only parents, but also children, thanks to this the child will master some skills in the fine arts.
In this article we will look at how to draw people correctly, what should be the proportions of their body and face. We will also consider several ways to convey a particular movement or facial expression in a drawing. In the end, we note how to apply shadows to the drawing and which areas should be left light. This mini-lesson will allow you to understand how to draw people correctly from one angle or another, and will contribute to the development
Very often, people who are just starting to comprehend all the basics of painting have the habit of drawing on paper with short broken lines. It seems to them that in this way the image will turn out to be more accurate, and after this “sketch” everything can be pointed and thus complete the work. In fact, this technique is erroneous, since the drawing not only looks unaesthetic, but also spoils your ability as a whole. Therefore, if you want to understand how to learn how to draw a person correctly, you must first understand that even the lightest sketch is applied in solid lines that are drawn “from cover to cover”. This is necessary so that you first of all feel that object (movement or which you draw. And even if the pencil goes the wrong way, you can fix everything very quickly and simply.
Proportion is the basis of the basics
Confused about how to draw people correctly so that their body turns out to be proportional, the arms were not too long or vice versa, too short so that the head was “in its place”, and in general, all the nuances were taken into account, it is important first of all learn one rule. So, the whole body of a person, together with his head, is seven equal parts; it is easiest to apply them in the form of ellipses arranged vertically, since in the future it will be easier to transform rounded shapes into the outlines we need. In this case, the uppermost ellipse will play the role of the head. The middle three and a half figures are the torso, and the rest of the lower part, as you already understood, will become the legs. The length of the arm from the shoulder will occupy an average of three such ellipses, provided that it is straightened along the body.
We work within the intended height
Now, in order to understand how to draw a person correctly in stages, when we have the top point, and there are also some control marks (lower back, legs, head, arms), we proceed to the sketch itself. We leave a small distance in the lower part of the upper ellipse, and the upper part of the second - after it, in order to draw the neck there later. At the top we draw more clearly the oval of the head, the lower three-plus ellipses are drawn into a common oval, which will become the body. For additional convenience when drawing, you can draw a vertical axis that will cut the body you are drawing in half lengthwise. So the image will be more balanced and clear.
We mark the limbs in the figure
Next, learning how to draw people correctly, we move on to marking the shoulders and knees. The first will be located on the edges of our torso, respectively, from above. The size of the ovals that will symbolize future shoulders may vary depending on who exactly you are drawing. That is, if this is a woman, then they are very small, if a man, then, of course, they are large. Our knees will be marked at the level of the top of the second oval from the bottom (of those that we drew at the very beginning). Then we apply the same ellipses in the place of the elbows (middle of the body), and then in the heel area. Only in the latter case they need to be depicted horizontally relative to the figure. At the end of this stage, we draw two parallel winding lines that start at the shoulders and end at the knees. This is how we conditionally determine the future
More detailed study of the details of the human figure
If you still do not know how to draw people correctly, pay attention to those sketches that are offered by professional artists. You will need this in order to correctly convey all the reliefs and the thickness of the limbs, which we will draw from the already existing marks. In general, we connect the hips and knees, knees and feet, and then draw the hands in the same way. Do not forget that we also need to mark the neck and roughly outline the outlines of the clothes in which your person should be depicted in the figure.
The face - how important is it in the drawing
Undoubtedly, it is very difficult to understand how to draw a portrait of a person correctly, especially in words. In some drawings, this detail is completely overlooked, and the face is depicted in the form of fine approximate features that are characteristic of any person, without working out the details. If you want to portray a person in full growth, and even with facial features, then you should take into account their proportions. For each person, the only thing that will be characteristic is that the eyes, nose and mouth are located more in the lower part of the oval of the head, and the upper part is occupied by hair. Everything else is purely individual parameters, which are measured in proportions.
This method is by no means the best, much less the fastest, but from the point of view of most artists, it is correct. He slowly but surely helps to draw a person with a pencil in stages.
At the end of the article you can watch video About,
This method of drawing is aimed at stimulating the imagination and forming an idea of the human body in three-dimensional space, well suited for beginners and for people who are assiduous and patient.
Almost all novice draftsmen start drawing a human figure from the head, thereby making a gross mistake. And they are quite surprised when, as a result, it turns out that there is absolutely no room left for the feet on paper - this method will save you from such an unpleasant situation.
Consider the ideal proportions of the human body:
So head tall people fit along the length of the body 8 times, in people of average height - 7.5 times, in people of short stature - 6-7 times.
Head fit in body length 2.5 times, in the length of the legs - 3-4 times.
Stretched along the body hand should touch mid-thigh.
Shoulder width in an adult male is usually two head lengths and more hip width.
Thigh length corresponds leg length with foot, a lower leg - two lengths of the foot.
The female figure, in contrast to the male, has a lower average height and shorter limbs.
hip width women usually have more shoulder width.
The head of a woman is relatively and absolutely smaller than that of a man.
Schematic representation of a person:
A song from the cartoon "Octopussy": "Stick, stick, cucumber, it turned out a little man ..." every child knows!
And do not underestimate this phrase.
Schematic little men display a very important characteristic - the proportions of body parts. And in order to avoid logical discord in our wand-shaped men, it is necessary to observe the so-called "artistic canon".
Now let's take a closer look at our sketchy little men:
Schematic Man #1
Everyone has drawn such a little man at least once in their life.
This is the so-called basic man.
But there isn't much you can do about it.
Unless you practice keeping the proportions of the head, torso, arms and legs.
Schematic Man #2
Here, the proportions of the forearm, thigh, lower leg and foot are additionally outlined.
Schematic man #3
The perfect wand man!
I'm sure you've hardly seen any child draw a little man in this way.
The shoulders and pelvis of this figure already have a certain width.
Exercise:
In order to understand how accurately you keep proportions in your work, draw a few schematic people.
Thus, simply and quickly, without being distracted by details (clothing, hair, etc.), you can evaluate how well you know the proportions of the human body.
In addition, you can immediately determine whether the figure will fit on the sheet.
I think now you understand how important it is to master the proportions. And what an important role in the future picture is played by schematic little men.
Human posture:
It's time to revive and make our hero do something. So before you start working on a character, with the help of schematic drawings, you can try many poses and choose one.
Below are some examples of schematic people in action.
The picture shows a person walking.
Pay attention to the movement of the hip joints. As a rule, the shoulders move in the opposite direction.
The person lies on his side with support on one arm. Thus, the chest "hangs" on the shoulder and the spine, bending, draws a curved line.
In order to draw the human body, you need to know the features of its structure.
The skeleton is the foundation
head
rib cage
spine
pelvis
joints
arms
brushes
legs
feet
Notice the curvature of the spine
(to make it better visible, we will not draw a hand).
The skeleton can be drawn in a simplified form:
Having an idea about the structural features of the skeleton, moving on to muscle and/or fat
, if we get lucky…).
To display body parts, we will use all kinds of shapes: cylinders, ellipses, etc.
Now you can visually evaluate
The whole process from sketching (creating a schematic man) to volumetric drawing based on a schematic drawing:
Also, this method will help you work with the details. For example, in drawing the hands and feet:
That's all!
The main idea of this lesson is that the correct basis is important for drawing.
And to achieve this goal, it is necessary to discard all unnecessary and present it in a schematic form.
And schematic little men will help you with this!
The main advantage of this method is that you can easily and quickly try on many poses for your character.
Choose the most suitable pose and already at the first stage decide on the composition.
This article is suitable for those who want to learn how to draw a person in full growth or in general how to draw with a pencil in stages
Thank you for your attention.
In this lesson, we will look at how to draw a full-length person for beginners in stages with a pencil using the example of a girl.
Let's take a model. In all the textbooks on drawing anatomy for artists, naked forms are shown, this is in order to study the full anatomy of a person, there is nothing so shameful in this. If you decide to learn how to draw a person, then you will definitely have to work with naked bodies, make sketches of bodies from nature or have videos of models, get ready. Since there are many children on the site, we will take a model in a swimsuit.
To start drawing, you need to know the proportions of a person, there are average proportions that were also brought out in antiquity. The unit of measurement is the length of the head and the height of the body is 7-8 heads. But in fact, people are very different and each time it is very uncomfortable to calculate the proportions, so you have to “fill” your eyes when drawing a body from a photo, or from a living person. Let's not get into it yet, since there are separate lessons, whole lectures on human anatomy, I will give links below.
Let's just try to draw a human body, in this case a girl. I measured the height of the head and laid down 7 of the same segments. She is almost 8 heads tall. Pay attention to where the shoulders, chest, elbows, waist, pubis, end of the arms, knees, feet are.
To draw the case of a girl, imagine her skeleton, by the way, the skeleton will also need to be studied, but not in great detail, at least the main details. And depict it simply with lines that would show the pose in which the girl is standing. At the beginning, while you are learning, always try to draw this simple body shape. It may seem to you that this is nonsense, but at this stage we already have to trace the basic proportions, it may be that your arms end above the pelvis or your legs are very short, or a long torso is not correct.
1. Draw the head with an oval, we show the location of the eyes with the horizontal line, and the middle of the head with the vertical line. Measure the length of the head with a ruler and set aside 7 more such segments down. Now focusing on the drawing, draw the so-called skeleton of the body. The width of the shoulders is equal to the width of two heads, in men - three.
2. Now, in a simplified way, draw the chest, the pelvic area, and, in circles, we show the flexible joints.
3. Erase the original lines and make the very light lines you drew in step 2, just go over them with the eraser. Now we draw the collarbone, neck, shoulders, chest, connect the lines of the chest and the ace on the sides, draw the lines of the legs and arms. Try to repeat all the bends, they are formed by the muscles. Those. to learn how to draw the human body you need to know the anatomy, skeleton and location of the muscles, and how the muscles and bones behave in different movements, postures.
4. We erase lines unnecessary to us, we draw a swimsuit. This is how you can correctly draw a human body for beginners with the help of such simple constructions.
Let's try to practice some more, just take a different pose, in the middle.
Click on the image to view the photo in more detail
So, we also start with building simple lines and shapes, pay due attention to this point, take your time. At first, you can bring the pencil to the screen and look at the direction, the slope of the lines, and then approximately also draw on paper. The distance from the toe to the pubis (pubic bone) and from it to the top of the head should be approximately the same, different deviations are allowed, because. people are different, but there should not be strong contrasts. We draw.
Now we are trying to convey the shape of the body, again I repeat, in order to understand why such bends occur, you must study the human anatomy, both bones and muscles can act.
