Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was written during the transition of Russian society from outdated, house-building traditions and values to new, enlightening views and ideas. This process became the most difficult and difficult for representatives of the landlord social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if a part of society easily adapted to the renewed circumstances, then for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the representative of just such landlords, who failed to change along with the world, adapting to it. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building upbringing, which formed many of Oblomov's main character traits - lack of will, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, unwillingness to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him. Excessive guardianship of parents, constant prohibitions, the peacefully lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most insignificant difficulties.
The inconsistency of Oblomov's character in the novel "Oblomov"
The negative side of Oblomov's character
In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for outside help - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who can solve problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will figure out the situation of interest to Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions invented by him. Spending all his days lying on the couch, Oblomov makes unrealizable plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he draws for himself are echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.
It would seem that a lazy, lumberjack hero living in an untidy apartment cannot arouse sympathy and disposition in the reader, especially against the background of an active, active, purposeful friend of Ilya Ilyich - Stolz. However, the true essence of Oblomov is revealed gradually, which allows you to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, care and control of his parents, subtly feeling, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - the knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy gained by one's own work. From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful courtyards carried out orders at the first call, and parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Once outside the parental nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and affably as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for himself. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, "cruel" world in his dreams.
The positive side of Oblomov's character
The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state, leading to the degradation of the personality, was Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only negative, but also positive features of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner peace and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stoltz came in difficult moments when he needed support and understanding. Pigeon tenderness, sensuality and sincerity of Oblomov are revealed during the relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to Oblomov's values - this betrays a subtle psychologist in him. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, as he understands that he will not be able to give Olga the happiness she dreams of.
The character and fate of Oblomov are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, along with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete departure into a pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.
National character in the novel "Oblomov"
The image of Oblomov in Goncharov's novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the Fool on the stove, about which the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like a character in a fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a benevolent firebird or a kind sorceress will appear who will take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hardworking, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless”, “some kind of lazy person whom everyone offends”.
Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person brought up on folk tales and legends. Falling on fertile ground, this belief becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with an illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “he had a fairy tale mixed with life, and sometimes he unconsciously feels sad, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale.”
At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that "Oblomov" happiness that he had long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring kind wife, an arranged life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to a woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three trials, after which he will expect the fulfillment of all desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, first succumbing to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for Olga. Describing Oblomov's life, the author seems to be ironic about the hero's excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle, for which there is no need to fight.
Conclusion
At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov's character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, make it possible to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality "out of his time" - an "extra person" who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not in a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but in the wrong upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Grown as a "houseplant", Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was hard enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.
Artwork test
Features of the national character in the image
I. I. Oblomova
In 1859, one of the most remarkable works of I. A. Goncharov, Oblomov, was published. This novel was perceived by readers ambiguously: some praised it, read it, others scolded and expressed all sorts of disdain. Critics also did not agree, each gave his own assessment of the novel and did not want to agree with someone else's. But in the meantime, the novel diverged, and soon all of Petersburg knew and discussed Oblomov.
The work stirred up a new wave in the ocean that raged in Russia at that time: whether to be a true Russian character and way of life, or try to imitate a foreign style. People agreed that, indeed, Goncharov put Oblomov in too unsightly light.
What are Features of the national character in the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov around which there were so many disputes and discussions? The protagonist of the novel is a slow, unusually lazy person. He was never in a hurry, he liked to put things on the back burner, he was in no hurry to do today what could be done tomorrow. His favorite pastime was sleep, in second place was eating. Ilya Ilyich woke up for dinner, and only extraordinary events could pull him out of his comfortable bed. Oblomov spent his whole day in inactivity and peace, he did not go anywhere, was not interested in anything, and his measured, lingering life would flow from day to day, if it were not for acquaintances and friends who occasionally visited him.
Features of the national character in the image of Oblomov Goncharov, exaggerating a little, showed unusually accurately. Let us recall at least the spiritual qualities of Oblomov. According to the author of the novel, Ilya Ilyich had a pure heart, to which all sorts of dirt did not stick, and a soul as transparent as crystal. Oblomov was a very kind, gentle man. His house was always open to visitors: both close friends and ordinary acquaintances. The bread and salt of Ilya Ilyich also knew no bounds, he never refused people, even unpleasant for him: Oblomov always treated Tarantiev, although it was very difficult. assume they were close friends.
It is these qualities that have distinguished Russian people from time immemorial. Foreigners, traveling around Russia, have always been amazed at the breadth of the Russian soul, their generosity, kindness and openness.
In Oblomov there is another amazing feature inherent in all Russian people without exception - this is the hope for "maybe". Who among us has never used this magic word? Ilya Ilyich hopes that perhaps the matter of moving to another apartment will be settled by itself, perhaps the headman himself will improve the financial situation of Oblomovka.
Where do these come from Traits of national character in Russian character? Goncharov gives the answer to this question in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream", which, it seems to me, is the key to the whole novel. From childhood, Ilya Ilyich was brought up in such conditions when it was easier to say a few words than to do the deed himself. As a child, Ilya Ilyich watched nature, tried to do something with his own hands, but his parents carefully protected him from any work, from making independent decisions. All his life, Ilya Ilyich felt hidden forces in himself, but he could not release them and use them for the good of Russia, or at least for his own good. In Oblomov, the stereotype of a happy life is firmly fixed - peace, renunciation of all kinds of activity. For Ilya Ilyich, a cozy dressing gown and a soft feather bed become symbols of happiness.
Oblomov could not stand the test of sincere ardent love for Olga Ilyinskaya. At first, when their attraction to each other flared into passion, Ilya Ilyich changed a lot for the better: he forgot about his dressing gown, his afternoon nap ... Oblomov began to appear often in society, dress smartly, often met with Olga, and it seemed that he had changed forever , the former life is buried. But as soon as a serious situation developed that required decisive action from Ilya Ilyich (it was necessary to make an offer to Olga, rent a new apartment, put things in order on the estate, etc.), Oblomov did not find the strength to fulfill his plan and again sank: stopped seeing Olga, returned to his old friends - a dressing gown and a sofa, began to sleep again during the day and, finally, moved to the Vyborg side, where he hid from society, like a hermit.
Moving to the Vyborg side and meeting Agafya Pshenitsyna played a tragic role in Oblomov's fate: he finally sank, and nothing, not even friendship with Stolz and love for Olga, was able to pull him out of the hole where Ilya Ilyich fell.
After reading "Oblomov" * I thought for a long time about the Russian character, compared myself, my relatives and acquaintances with the hero of the novel and, to be honest, I was surprised to find very similar features in all of them. Oblomov lives in everyone - of the Russian people to one degree or another. In the character of Ilya Ilyich there are many positive and many negative features, "his image reflects the typical Russian national character, though not without some exaggeration. And for a very long time, Russian people will suffer from their inherent contemplation, resulting in fruitless daydreaming, but I want to believe that, despite all the vicissitudes of fate, they will carry through the years their open kind heart and soul pure as crystal.
One of the largest Russian writers of the 19th century, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, is the author of widely known novels: "An Ordinary Story", "Oblomov" and "Cliff".
Especially popular Goncharov's novel "Oblomov". Although it was published over a hundred years ago (in 1859), it is still read with great interest today, as a vivid artistic depiction of musty landowner life. It captures a typical literary image of enormous impressive power - the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.
The remarkable Russian critic N. A. Dobrolyubov, in his article “What is Oblomovism?”, clarifying the historical significance of Goncharov’s novel, established the features that mark this painful phenomenon in public life and in a person’s personality.
Oblomov's character
Main Oblomov's character traits- weakness of the will, passive, indifferent attitude to the surrounding reality, a tendency to a purely contemplative life, carelessness and laziness. The common name "Oblomov" came into use to refer to a person who is extremely inactive, phlegmatic and passive.
Oblomov's favorite pastime is lying in bed. “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person, this was his normal state. When he was at home - and he was almost always at home - he was still lying, and everything was constantly in the same room. Oblomov's office was dominated by neglect and negligence. If it weren’t for the plate with a salt shaker and a gnawed bone lying on the table, uncleaned from the evening dinner, and not for the pipe leaning against the bed, or not the host himself, lying in bed, "one would think that no one lives here - everything was so dusty, faded and generally devoid of living traces of human presence."
Oblomov is too lazy to get up, too lazy to get dressed, too lazy to even concentrate his thoughts on something.
Living a sluggish, contemplative life, Ilya Ilyich is not averse to sometimes dreaming, but his dreams are fruitless and irresponsible. This is how he, the immovable bumpkin, dreams of becoming a famous military leader, like Napoleon, or a great artist, or a writer, before whom everyone bows. These dreams did not lead to anything - they are just one of the manifestations of an idle pastime.
Typical for the nature of Oblomov and the state of apathy. He is afraid of life, tries to isolate himself from life's impressions. He says with effort and prayer: "Life touches." At the same time, Oblomov is deeply inherent in the nobility. Once his servant Zakhar hinted that "others lead a different life." Oblomov responded to this reproach in the following way:
“The other one works tirelessly, runs around, fusses ... If he doesn’t work, he won’t eat ... But what about me? .. Do I rush about, do I work? It seems that there is someone to give, to do: I have never pulled a stocking over my legs, as I live, thank God! Will I worry? From what to me?
Why Oblomov became "Oblomov". Childhood in Oblomovka
Oblomov was not born such a useless slacker as he is presented in the novel. All his negative character traits are the product of depressing living conditions and upbringing in childhood.
In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" Goncharov shows why Oblomov became "Oblomov". But how active, inquisitive and inquisitive little Ilyusha Oblomov was and how these features were extinguished in the ugly atmosphere of Oblomovka:
“The child looks and observes with a sharp and captivating look how and what adults do, what they devote morning to. Not a single trifle, not a single feature escapes the inquisitive attention of the child, the picture of domestic life indelibly cuts into the soul, the soft mind is saturated with living examples and unconsciously draws a program of his life from the life around him.
But how monotonous and tedious are the pictures of domestic life in Oblomovka! The whole life consisted in the fact that people ate many times a day, slept to the point of stupefaction, and in their free time from eating and sleeping they wandered around idle.
Ilyusha is a lively, active child, he wants to run around, observe, but his natural childish inquisitiveness is hindered.
“- Let's go, mom, for a walk,” says Ilyusha.
- What are you, God bless you! Now walk, - she answers, - it's damp, you'll catch a cold; and it’s scary: now the goblin walks in the forest, he takes away small children ... "
Ilyusha was protected in every possible way from work, created a lordly state in the child, accustomed to inactivity. “If Ilya Ilyich wants something, he only has to blink - already three or four servants rush to fulfill his desire; whether he drops something, whether he needs to get a thing, but he won’t get it, whether to bring something, whether to run away for what; sometimes, like a frisky boy, he just wants to rush and redo everything himself, and then suddenly his father and mother and three aunts in five voices will shout:
"Why? Where? What about Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka? Hey! Vaska! Vanka! Zaharka! What are you looking at, bro? Here I am!..”
And Ilya Ilyich will never be able to do anything for himself.
Parents looked at Ilyusha's education only as a necessary evil. It was not respect for knowledge, not the need for it that they awakened in the heart of the child, but rather disgust, and tried in every possible way to “make it easier” for the boy this difficult matter; under various pretexts, they did not send Ilyusha to the teacher: either under the pretext of ill health, or in view of someone's upcoming name day, and even in those cases when they were going to bake pancakes.
The years of his studies at the university also passed without a trace for Oblomov's mental and moral development; nothing came of this man, who was not accustomed to work, with the service; neither the smart and energetic friend Stolz, nor his beloved girl Olga, who set out to return Oblomov to an active life, had a profound effect on him.
Parting with his friend, Stoltz said: "Farewell, old Oblomovka, you have outlived your life". These words refer to tsarist pre-reform Russia, but even in the conditions of the new life, there are still a lot of sources that nourished the Oblomov movement.
Oblomov today, in the modern world
Not today, in the modern world Fragments, no oblast in that sharply expressed and extreme form in which it is shown by Goncharov. But with all this, even in our country from time to time there are manifestations of Oblomovism as a relic of the past. Their roots must be sought, first of all, in the wrong conditions of family upbringing of some children, whose parents, usually not realizing this, contribute to the emergence of Oblomov moods and Oblomov behavior in their children.
And in the modern world there are families where love for children is manifested in providing them with such conveniences in which children, as far as possible, are freed from work. Some children reveal the features of Oblomov's weak character only in relation to certain types of activity: to mental or, conversely, to physical labor. Meanwhile, without a combination of mental labor with physical development, development proceeds one-sidedly. This one-sidedness can lead to general lethargy and apathy.
Oblomovism is a sharp expression of weakness of character. In order to prevent it, it is necessary to educate in children those strong-willed character traits that exclude passivity and apathy. The first of these traits is purposefulness. A person with a strong character has the features of volitional activity: determination, courage, initiative. Especially important for a strong character is perseverance, manifested in overcoming obstacles, in the fight against difficulties. Strong characters are formed in struggle. Oblomov was freed from all efforts, life in his eyes was divided into two halves: “one consisted of labor and boredom - these were synonyms for him; the other from peace and peaceful fun. Not accustomed to labor effort, children, like Oblomov, tend to identify work with boredom and seek peace and peaceful fun.
It is useful to re-read the wonderful novel Oblomov, so that, imbued with a feeling of disgust for Oblomovism and its roots, carefully monitor whether there are any remnants of it in the modern world - even if not in a harsh, but sometimes disguised form, and take all measures to overcome these experiences.
According to the magazine "Family and School", 1963
The presented lesson is intended for the 10th grade of a comprehensive school. This is the second lesson in the study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The first lesson was devoted to the study of the Flemish craftsmanship of I.A. Goncharov, the objective world in the novel.
Lesson type: art lesson.
Type of lesson: a lesson in in-depth work on the text of the work.
Lesson form: lesson - conversation (with elements of artistic reading, discussion).
The purpose of the lesson: analyze "Oblomov's Dream", revealing those aspects of Oblomov's life that influenced the formation of the dual nature of the hero (on the one hand, poetic consciousness, on the other, inactivity, apathy, laziness of life).
Tasks:
1. Cognitive:
- Recall with students the function of sleep in a work of art; give examples of previously studied works in which a dream was present.
- To acquaint students with the compositional feature of using "Oblomov's Dream".
- To identify the positive and negative features of the life of the Oblomovites, which influenced the character of Ilya Ilyich.
2. Developing:
- The development of attention.
- Development of thinking.
- The development of the imagination.
- The development of oral speech.
3. Educational:
- Raising a love for literature lessons.
- Raising interest in Russian traditions, features of the Russian national character.
Equipment: a portrait of I.A. Goncharov, a cassette with excerpts from the film by N. Mikhalkov “Six days in the life of Oblomov”.
Design: a portrait of I.A. Goncharov is attached to the board, the first part of the topic and questions that students will answer during the lesson are recorded.
During the classes:
I. Introductory stage:
Teacher's word: Today we have to get acquainted with a very significant chapter in the context of the novel, which is called "Oblomov's Dream". In addition, we will find out the compositional feature of its use, identify the features of the life of the Oblomovites, which influenced the formation of the character of Ilya Ilyich.
Conversation (about the tradition of using sleep in literature):
Note: Y - teacher's question; y is the student's answer.
U: Let's remember in what works we studied earlier there was a dream?
at: A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" - Tatyana's dream.
with: A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Petrusha Grinev's dream.
at: "Ballads" by V. Zhukovsky.
*U - teacher's question; y is the student's answer.
W: Yes, you are absolutely right. And what, in your opinion, is the function of sleep in these works, why do the authors use them?
y: Through a dream, the features of the inner world of the character are revealed, the thoughts, fears of the characters are reflected here, in a distorted form, the future can also be represented in dreams.
U: And let's think about what is the peculiarity of the compositional use of sleep in the novel Oblomov?
u: The dream represents Oblomov's childhood, but Goncharov does not begin the novel with a description of childhood, but transfers it to chapter 9. Thus, the hero is first presented to us, and then only his personality is revealed.
II. Analysis of the work:
Teacher's word: And now let's move on to the consideration of "Sleep". Now we will hear the description of Oblomovka, which opens the "Dream". Let's try to find in it meaningful words, epithets (definitions that give the expression imagery and emotionality), with which the author conveys his attitude to this place.
Artistic reading of the passage by the student:
"Where are we? To what blessed corner of the earth did Oblomov's dream take us? What a wonderful land! No, really, there is a sea, there are no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy ...
The sky there, it seems, presses closer to the earth, but not in order to throw stronger arrows, but only to hug her tighter, with love: it spreads so low overhead, like a parent’s reliable roof, to protect, it seems, the chosen one corner from any misfortune.
The sun shines brightly and hotly there for about half a year and then does not move away from there suddenly, as if unwillingly, as if turning back to look once or twice at a favorite place and give it in the fall, in the midst of bad weather, a clear, warm day.
The mountains there seem to be only models of those terrible mountains erected somewhere, which terrify the imagination. This is a series of gentle hills, from which it is customary to ride, frolic, on your back or, sitting on them, look in thought at the setting sun.
The river runs merrily, frolicking and playing; it either spills into a wide pond, or aspires with a quick thread, or subsides, as if in thought, and crawls a little over the pebbles, releasing frisky streams from itself on the sides, under the murmur of which it sweetly slumbers.
The whole corner of fifteen or twenty versts around presented a series of picturesque sketches, cheerful, smiling landscapes. The sandy and gently sloping banks of a bright river, a small bush creeping up from the hill to the water, a twisted ravine with a stream at the bottom, and a birch grove - everything seemed to be deliberately tidied up one to one and masterfully drawn.
Exhausted by worries or not at all familiar with them, the heart asks to hide in this corner forgotten by everyone and live in happiness unknown to anyone. Everything promises there a calm, long-term life to the yellowness of the hair and an imperceptible, sleep-like death.
The student highlights epithets and significant words, the rest complement him: a blessed corner; wonderful edge; favorite place; picturesque sketches; cheerful, smiling landscapes, everything is quiet and sleepy, etc.
U: Make a conclusion about what this place was in Oblomov's life.
Y: This is an ideal place, a paradise for Oblomov.
Teacher's word: And now let's turn to real life in Oblomovka. And let's see if everything in it is really as perfect as it is presented in the description.
In order to recall the key aspects of the life of the Oblomovites, we will watch excerpts from N. Mikhalkov's film "Six Days in the Life of Oblomov". I ask you to divide into two teams, the task of one team will be to find positive moments in Oblomov's life, and the other - negative, negative moments. And in order to make it easier for you to highlight aspects, I suggest you pay attention to 3 areas:
- Picture of the world.
- Philosophy of life.
- Child education.
And then, using examples from the film and supplementing them with examples from the text, we will answer the question: “Can we really call Oblomovka paradise and why?”
Viewing episodes from the movie:
- Ilyusha's curiosity.
- Mismanagement of the Oblomovites.
- A comprehensive sleep like death.
- Repetitive, fruitless evenings. A unifying beginning in laughter.
- Prayer.
A discussion between two groups of students. The results of the discussion are drawn up in notebooks and on the board in the form of the following table.
| "+" Oblomov life | "-" Oblomov life |
Picture of the world |
|
1. The unity of people with nature, nature is anthropomorphic, a person has no fear of it.
|
|
Philosophy of life. |
|
| 1. A measured, calm life, where, as in nature, there are no cataclysms. Death, which comes imperceptibly, is also perceived as a natural process. 2. There is no place for evil in Oblomovka, the biggest evil is "stealing peas in the gardens." |
|
|
|
| 1. Mother's love. 2. Formation of a poetic spirituality in a child with the help of fairy tales, folklore. |
|
Teacher's word: So, we have reflected in our table the opposite sides of Oblomovka's life. And most often, the hero of the novel himself was evaluated, only taking into account one side that influenced his life. Here are two statements by critics, what side did they take in Oblomov?
N. Dobrolyubov: “In Goncharov's book, we see a living modern Russian type, minted with merciless rigor and correctness. What are the features of Oblomov's character? In complete inertia, which comes from apathy towards everything that is happening in the world ... "
A.V. Druzhinin: “The sleepy Oblomov, a native of the sleepy and yet poetic Oblomovka, is free from moral illnesses ... He is not infected with worldly debauchery. A child by nature and by the conditions of his development, Ilya Ilyich in many ways left behind the purity and simplicity of a child, which put the dreamy eccentric above the prejudices of his age.
W: Which of these researchers do you think is right?
Students come to the conclusion that both of these sides are in Oblomov's personality and neither one nor the other can be excluded or absolutized.
III. Lesson Summary:
The class comes up with a topic for the lesson that would reflect the bidirectional nature of Oblomov's essence. (For example, "Oblomov's dream is the world of a sleepy and poetic soul.")
The central character of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a gentleman “thirty-two years old”. The work is dedicated to the disclosure of his life philosophy, way of existence, his psychology.
The main character traits of Oblomov are apathy, laziness, inactivity. He lies on the couch all day, absolutely not interested in anything. But this state of affairs does not bother the hero at all: everything suits him in this existence: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, ... nor an accident ...: it was his normal state.” On the contrary, Oblomov’s discomfort is caused by annoying “touches of life”.
However, this hero has his own dreams. In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" the author describes them to us quite clearly. We see that native Oblomovka brought up in Ilya Ilyich a love for home comfort, peace and quiet: "Happy people lived, thinking that it should not and cannot be otherwise."
r /> Love, care, warmth and affection were vital for this person. Let's remember his dreams about his family life. Oblomov dreamed of a wife-mother, a wife-mistress, and not a passionate mistress: “Yes, passion must be limited, strangled and drowned in marriage ...” He imagined a very warm pastime - in a peaceful circle of family and loving friends. Here, conversations would be held about art, about events taking place in the world, etc.
It is the need for such a life - where everyone loves each other, is satisfied with each other and with themselves - and is, it seems to me, Oblomov's life ideal. It was for this that Olga Ilyinskaya called the hero a “heart of gold”, because he knew how not only to take love, but also generously give it, share it.
Of course, Oblomovka cultivated not only this in her Ilyusha. She brought up in him a fear of life, and indecision, and laziness, and helplessness, and snobbery. And besides, it was a completely distorted idea of adult life.
All this - both positive and negative - manifested itself in the life of the hero later. We know that in his youth, Oblomov, supported by Stolz, dreamed of improving himself, changing himself and the world around him. However, if Stolz began to realize his dreams, then Oblomov's words remained only words.
Arriving in St. Petersburg, the hero gradually became disillusioned with the service (“When will you live?”), Moved away from all affairs and lay down on the sofa. Somehow, imperceptibly, Oblomov lost almost all of his acquaintances, because in order to maintain communication, you need to make some effort. And it was absolutely unbearable for the hero.
Only once Ilya Ilyich perked up and began to change - falling in love with Olga Ilyinskaya.
r /> Then the hero was ready to do whatever his beloved wants. Ilya Ilyich really began to change - he forced himself to be interested in the life around him, move more, eat less. But in this story, Oblomov's uncertainty, his fear of change, played a tragic role. At one fine moment, he felt that he was not worthy of Olga, and wrote a letter to the girl with explanations: “Listen, without any hints, I will say directly and simply: you do not love me and cannot love me.”
After that, Oblomov's life went on as usual - he continued to lie in seclusion, communicating only with Zakhar and occasionally with Stolz.
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Composition Oblomov's character traits reasoning
Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was written in the middle of the nineteenth century and accurately described a bright representative of the noble society, who has a consumerist attitude towards life and the people around him, cannot find application for his knowledge and abilities. This is the fruit of upbringing, accustomed from generation to generation to use slave labor, to live at the expense of another person.
The main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. He repeats not only the name of his father, but also his habits and way of life. The life test for Oblomov was his studies at the boarding school. He studied well, but he was more happy when his parents, having come up with dozens of reasons, left him at home. After graduating from a boarding school, and then in Moscow, Ilya Ilyich enters the service. But even there he cannot hold out for more than two years. He is bored and not interested in doing any work.
He justifies his passivity by the fact that he has big plans for the future. Lying on the couch, he ponders a plan to rebuild the estate. But things do not go beyond dreams. And even his friend Andrey Stolz cannot stir him up. Going abroad on business, Andrei introduces Oblomov to Olga Ilyinskaya. But this acquaintance revived Oblomov's life only for a short time. Kind and honest by nature, Ilya Ilyich suddenly realizes that he cannot make Olga happy, that their views on life are very different.
He wants a calm, measured life, without difficulties and upheavals, to be surrounded by kind and loving people. The mistress of the house where he rented an apartment, the widow of Pshenitsyn, was able to provide him with such a life. Over time, she became his wife, the mother of his son, was for him a nurse, a guardian angel. Even Stolz, having come to Oblomov, realized that he could not change the life of a friend.
After the death of Oblomov, Stolz told the writer about his fate. He wanted readers to appreciate his pure soul and constant struggle with himself and the life around him.
Plan
- Introduction
- Conclusion
Introduction
Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was written during the transition of Russian society from outdated, house-building traditions and values to new, enlightening views and ideas. This process became the most difficult and difficult for representatives of the landlord social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if a part of society easily adapted to the renewed circumstances, then for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the representative of just such landlords, who failed to change along with the world, adapting to it. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building upbringing, which formed many of Oblomov's main character traits - lack of will, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, unwillingness to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him.
Excessive guardianship of parents, constant prohibitions, the peacefully lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most insignificant difficulties.
The inconsistency of Oblomov's character in the novel "Oblomov"
The negative side of Oblomov's character
In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for outside help - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who can solve problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will figure out the situation of interest to Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions invented by him. Spending all his days lying on the couch, Oblomov makes unrealizable plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he draws for himself are echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.
It would seem that a lazy, lumberjack hero living in an untidy apartment cannot arouse sympathy and disposition in the reader, especially against the background of an active, active, purposeful friend of Ilya Ilyich - Stolz. However, the true essence of Oblomov is revealed gradually, which allows you to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, care and control of his parents, subtly feeling, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - the knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy gained by one's own work.
From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful courtyards carried out orders at the first call, and parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Once outside the parental nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and affably as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for himself. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, "cruel" world in his dreams.
The positive side of Oblomov's character
The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state, leading to the degradation of the personality, was Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only negative, but also positive features of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner peace and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stoltz came in difficult moments when he needed support and understanding. Pigeon tenderness, sensuality and sincerity of Oblomov are revealed during the relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to Oblomov's values - this betrays a subtle psychologist in him. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, as he understands that he will not be able to give Olga the happiness she dreams of.
The character and fate of Oblomov are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, along with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete departure into a pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.
National character in the novel "Oblomov"
The image of Oblomov in Goncharov's novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the Fool on the stove, about which the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like a character in a fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a benevolent firebird or a kind sorceress will appear who will take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hardworking, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless”, “some kind of lazy person whom everyone offends”.
Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person brought up on folk tales and legends. Falling on fertile ground, this belief becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with an illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “he had a fairy tale mixed with life, and sometimes he unconsciously feels sad, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale.”
At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that "Oblomov" happiness that he had long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring kind wife, an arranged life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to a woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three trials, after which he will expect the fulfillment of all desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, first succumbing to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for Olga. Describing Oblomov's life, the author seems to be ironic about the hero's excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle, for which there is no need to fight.
Conclusion
At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov's character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, make it possible to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality "out of his time" - an "extra person" who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not in a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but in the wrong upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Grown as a "houseplant", Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was hard enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.
Positive and negative character traits of Oblomov, his inconsistency in Goncharov's novel | source
