Entrepreneur programs. State support for small and medium-sized businesses: programs, types of subsidies and how to get

According to static studies, 70% of people who want to start their own business do not get beyond talking.

And only 30% of the population have such serious intentions that they are ready to devote all their time to the development of a certain activity.

Importance of small business for the country

The development of the state economy largely depends on small business, since:

• It is an important sector of the economy. These subjects tolerate external changes more easily. The general economic downturn in Russia in the early 1990s was offset precisely by such enterprises and their ability to quickly adapt to new market conditions. State institutions were unable to cope with competition, and therefore collapsed or were subjected to privatization.
• Small business is the main source of tax deductions. Small companies form budgets of different levels. They pay taxes to the budget, create jobs, provide the population with an opportunity to earn. By the way, this group of taxpayers is more reliable than representatives of big business.
• Small businesses develop innovative technologies. Some organizations are interested in the development of new scientific and technological inventions. Such activities are welcomed by the state, so entrepreneurs can count on subsidies and additional subsidies.
• They provide employment for people, which has a positive effect on the unemployment rate. A small number of employees contributes to team cohesion, which is not always observed in large enterprises. This increases labor motivation and improves work results. No less important is the fact that socially unstable segments of the population, namely: youth, women, immigrants, etc., can apply for employment. It is here that you can get the necessary experience, climb the career ladder and fulfill yourself.

The main problems of entrepreneurs

An absolutely natural reaction of a person who has decided to engage in any new type of activity is fear. Just as a small child is afraid to take the first step, an adult is afraid of the unknown. Of course, it is impossible to completely get rid of fear, but it is necessary to reduce its boundaries. To do this, it is worth talking with a more successful entrepreneur, gaining experience from him.

Everyone expects to receive a good income. The main problem of many novice businessmen is the search for a money niche.

It is much more correct to devote oneself to the area in which a person has certain knowledge, skills and abilities, and in which he has an interest.

After determining a suitable niche, you need to think about where to start and which direction is the most correct. Of course, it will not be possible to complete everything without errors, but a thorough analysis is half the battle.

After the start of the activity, various questions begin to appear related to choosing the best, determining the optimal cost, attracting additional finance and their correct distribution. Communication with a successful businessman can solve problems.

Every entrepreneur must learn the "Pareto principle": 20% of actions lead to 80% of the result.

Consequently, only 20% are primary and important, and the remaining 80 cannot be called particularly significant. In general, all your efforts should be directed only to those actions that lead to results.

Another problem for novice businessmen is the lack of discipline. Before opening your own business, you need to make sure of your own burning desire, otherwise success is unlikely to be achieved.

What is the support?

Any developing project needs investments that can be asked from the state.

So, the government of Moscow is ready to provide half a million rubles to the newly opened business. This type of subsidy is a gratuitous provision of funds from the city budget to a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, which partially or fully reimburses the businessman's expenses.

Small and medium-sized companies that were registered no more than 2 years ago can apply for this subsidy to the Moscow government.

Financial support can be spent:

• for the acquisition of the necessary funds for the conduct of activities;
• for the arrangement and equipment of workplaces;
• for the purchase of raw materials and necessary materials (no more than 30% of the total amount);
• payment of rent payments.

Financial assistance from the state is provided in accordance with the following main condition: the bulk of the funds received must be spent on the needs of the company.

Types of subsidies and grants

In order to receive state subsidies, a novice entrepreneur must consistently perform the following steps:

1. Register with the job center.
2. Collect and provide the necessary package of documents confirming.
3. Submit a business plan to the employment agent detailing the goals that require government support.

This help granted once and only if the employment center has not coped with the selection of a suitable workplace for a person. The amount of the subsidy is equal to the amount of the annual unemployment benefit.

Another way to receive assistance is to submit documents to local authorities in accordance with the place of residence. The amount of support here is much larger, however, it is more difficult to get it - the competition is higher.

Federal subsidies are provided by the Fund for Assistance to Small Businesses in Science and Technology. The most beneficial programs include:

• "Start". Any company that has been on the market for no more than 2 years and has not yet sold its product has the right to apply for participation (annual revenue should not exceed 0.3 million rubles). Research and development activities can be financed with a maximum of 6 million rubles. for 3 years.
  The program is provided for several areas: biotechnology, innovative medicine, IT, development of innovative equipment and materials. After the entire amount of the subsidy has been paid, the annual revenue must increase to the amount of the assistance provided, and employees with a main place of work in the enterprise must be at least half of the total number of workers.
• "Development". This program is intended for companies that form their own niche, have their own history of scientific work and a certain level of cash flow. The program allows you to receive up to 15 million rubles, but not more than the amount of personal funds invested in activities. The assistance is aimed at increasing revenue and profitability.

Departmental programs include:

• Two programs for the agricultural sector aimed at supporting farmers and developing livestock. Such grants can be spent on the construction of livestock farms, the purchase of animals, and the improvement of everyday life.
• A program that seeks to support organizations engaged in high-tech manufacturing, as well as introducing science into various business processes. For allocation of funds, please contact the Ministry of Education.
• The Ministry of Industry and Trade is responsible for the development of folk crafts. With state aid, it is possible to purchase raw materials, organize logistics and significantly advance the fishery. Enterprises that are not included in the list of organizations engaged in folk craft, which is supported at the expense of federal funds, cannot count on funding.

Within the framework of regional programs, a company that owes nothing to the state can count on the following assistance:

• Subsidies for starting your own business. Any legal entity or individual entrepreneur who registered no more than 1 year ago can apply for support. In Moscow, up to 500 thousand rubles are allocated, in the regions - up to 300 thousand. An increased subsidy can be issued to enterprises engaged in innovative activities. You can spend money on the acquisition of fixed assets, paying rent, providing jobs and purchasing raw materials.
• Subsidies for the acquisition of fixed assets on lease. Each individual region has its own rules for issuing this amount: either for making a down payment, or for the full repayment of leasing debt, or for both purposes. The amount of assistance varies from 300 thousand to 10 million rubles. (the final amount depends on the cost of fixed assets).
• Loan subsidies. Such assistance does not provide compensation for the body of the loan, its subject is part of the interest for the use of credit money.
• Subsidies for participation in exhibitions- the region compensates the enterprise for the money spent on participation in such an event.

Many of the nuances of various forms of support are discussed in the following video:

Where and how to seek help from the state?

Small businesses that need financial assistance must take part in a competitive selection. He needs not only to collect a package of statutory and registration documents, but also carefully fill out a special application, the information of which will be the basis for the selection of program participants.

Each significant criterion earns a certain score. Based on the results obtained, the most worthy candidate, who deserves the support of the state, is selected.

The main evaluation criteria include:

• the number of jobs created;
• efficiency for the budget (the amount of taxes and fees);
• social level of business;
• a number of other specific parameters.

A business start-up should be sure to provide a carefully crafted business plan with detailed information about the goals of obtaining support, basic costs, payback period and profitability.

In addition, an entrepreneur can apply for help to local governments, although the competitive basis here is much more pronounced, since many people want to get help, but the state cannot invest in everyone.

Latest innovations

Based on the current trends, we can safely say that there will be even more government programs aimed at supporting business. This area of ​​the economy is considered the highest priority, so it is beneficial for the state to expand and enlarge it.

Several new solutions are aimed at the tax industry, labor relations, business insurance and the work of credit institutions.

The economic situation in the country is such that the state is forced to keep small entrepreneurs with a guaranteed demand for their goods and services. So, for example, a certain percentage of state purchases is legally established. institutions of goods from small businesses.

In accordance with the presidential decree, it is planned to form a state corporation for the development of small businesses. The Agency for Credit Guarantees should form the basis of this organization. The main task of the corporation is to form a stable and long-term demand for goods offered by representatives of this business class.

In addition, the Ministry of Economic Development was instructed to develop a strategy aimed at developing a medium-sized business. The duration of this program is 15 years. In August 2015, only the first stage was completed. If successfully implemented, by 2030 small and medium-sized entrepreneurs will about 45% of the state's GDP instead of today's 21%.

State programs for the development of small business are important for maintaining the normal functioning of the economy, as well as for raising the social level of the population. Financing of small business development projects is carried out at all levels of government in the Russian Federation. State programs are of interest to young businessmen, as well as to the authorities themselves. The ability to provide effective support, create conditions for the implementation of state programs is the main indicator of the country's desire for prosperity and well-being.

The small business development program is based on the postulates of the entrepreneurship development program at the federal level. The set of state support measures includes the following types of programs:

• regional;
• interregional;
• industry;
• intersectoral;
• municipal.

Each of the above types includes a specific support plan as well as entrepreneurship development. In the field of financing various sectors of small business, the authorities face a specific, difficult task - to determine the most promising, profitable niches in the economy. A competent choice of these areas will allow you to rationally distribute funds and make profitable investments. The state investments made today, as well as the implemented development programs, will help replenish the state treasury with new taxes in the future, as well as create a competitive environment in the market.

These processes, like nothing else, will favorably affect the overall development of the economy, increase the solvency of the population, and most importantly, provide citizens with additional jobs. Based on this information, it can be concluded that government programs for the development and support of small businesses are a strategically important object of research and financing.

Entrepreneurship development programs in the Russian Federation can be divided into the following categories:

• registration of subsidies;
• receiving grants;
• providing training free of charge or at a discount;
• passing an internship under the guidance of highly qualified specialists, conducting practical classes;
• registration of leasing programs on preferential terms;
• obtaining advice in the field of jurisprudence and accounting on a preferential or free basis;
• the possibility of buying out real estate owned by the local municipality;
• assistance in the implementation of advertising projects, support in participation in fairs and exhibitions in the field of small business support.

The state applies both direct and indirect methods of supporting small businesses. Indirect methods include measures that are aimed at mitigating the conditions of taxation and control.
Organizations of commercial and non-commercial forms can implement small business development programs. In this area, private firms act as partners of the state, providing their shoulder of assistance and financing. For the provision of certain support, companies, of course, receive the necessary benefits.

In the field of small business support, the system of subsidies is widely used, applying it, it is necessary to adhere to strict rules of execution:

• the use of subsidies should be targeted;
• all expenses must be supported by official documents;
• performers must create a detailed report on the work done, attaching checks, acts and other papers to it.

Today in our country such government programs as "Development of small and medium-sized businesses", as well as "Economic development and innovative economy" are most actively financed.

Issues on supporting small businesses are annually submitted to the general federal meeting in the highest authorities. Consideration of urgent problems and adoption of strategic decisions is carried out before the direct adoption of the federal budget. It is this source of funds that will play the leading role in the development of entrepreneurship in the new year. State programs that will be considered at the meeting must first be checked by competent experts in the field of the national economy. The fate of small businesses as a whole will depend on the effectiveness and expediency of projects.

Entrepreneurship support projects always have clear requirements and norms that can be included in the following list of provisions:

• measures to create and form the infrastructure of the commercial sphere at the regional, federal and local levels;
• competent definition of promising areas of commercial activity that will be of interest both for the state and for entrepreneurship;
• carrying out activities that would be aimed at general stimulation and motivation of those segments of the population that have a minimum level of social protection;
• creation of a system of benefits, installments and subsidies that would allow vulnerable segments of the population to be involved in the process of business and entrepreneurship, simplifying the creation of their own business through state support;
• identification of high-quality financial sources, specific segments of the budget, from which it will be possible to make annual contributions to programs to improve the market infrastructure, increase the number of registered individual enterprises;
• creation of conditions and activities that will be aimed at transferring unfinished commercial projects in various fields to young entrepreneurs;
• providing conditions for the transfer to beginners, young businessmen of construction projects that are unprofitable or are on the verge of bankruptcy;
• creating the possibility of buying out premises, trading territories, which previously an individual entrepreneur had only the opportunity to rent, the state offers a businessman a buyout of a fixed asset on preferential terms.

Restrictions in the field of assistance to young businessmen

Note! Not every citizen of the Russian Federation can take advantage of benefits, as well as subsidies.

The following groups of citizens can be classified as unprotected segments of the population:

• military in reserve;
• single mothers;
• people with disabilities, people with disabilities;
• dismissed specialists of promising industries;
• former prisoners and those deprived of liberty;
• students, unemployed youth;
• migrants, refugees;
• unemployed citizens;
• able-bodied pensioners.

The involvement of these segments of the population in the economic development process is the main goal of state executive bodies. Very often, the authorities practice the method of transferring old projects to new specialists of a narrow profile, this technique is most often used in the following areas:

• technological work;
• research in various areas;
• scientific unfinished works;
• experimental and constructive activity.

Often such experiments end in great success, but often the effort invested in the implementation of the program is wasted.

Note! Measures to support and develop small businesses are developed and formed on the basis of legislative norms and standards.

All of them are of a fundamentally important nature for the situation of the whole country, therefore they must be clearly correlated with a complex of the most diverse tasks and goals of the state. Entrepreneurship support projects should be aligned with the objectives of the following public policy types:

• consequences of emergencies;
• assistance to unemployed citizens;
• assistance to refugees, migrants;
• improvement of ecology, environmental conditions;
• regulation of population migration processes.

Creation of separate budgets and reserves

The following forms of associations can develop, as well as propose for consideration projects for the development of small businesses:

• institutions;
• firms;
• companies;
• organizations;
• enterprises.

Pay attention! This rule applies to any associations, regardless of what organizational, property, structural form they have. The authorities conduct a selection of projects, as a result of which they receive a list of the most effective and promising programs. Selected programs will be funded first.

In the field of entrepreneurship, separate funds independent of the state budget can be created, the resources of which will be directed to the implementation of new commercial projects. Such measures are practiced, for example, by large enterprises that are actively engaged in scientific and research activities. Very often, funds received from the state and individual independent companies are used in combination to achieve a more effective result.

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Small Business Help: Organizational Support System + 4 Detailed Options.

A small business that gives its owner financial independence is the dream of everyone who does not want to work for his uncle.

Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of having a decent amount on their account to start a planned project.

Of course, there is always a way. In this case, there are several of them - to be patient and earn capital, to take a loan or loan from relatives / friends / acquaintances,.

But there is also an option like small business assistance which is of several types.

So, today we will talk about how our state supports the development of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs.

State assistance to small businesses: an organizational system for supporting entrepreneurs

The main regulatory act that you need to rely on in matters of our article is Federal Law No. 209 "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation."

Its full text can be found by clicking on the link: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144

Also, each region has its own body, which is responsible for the implementation of measures to help entrepreneurs.

A complete list of them is available on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in the "Small Business" section: http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/smallBusiness

Why is it important to support entrepreneurs?

So, in Russia, only thanks to small and medium-sized businesses, more than 16 million citizens are provided with jobs (and this is a quarter of the entire employed population).

In addition, 20% of GDP is accounted for by SMEs, although in the world this figure is close to 35%, so we have room to strive.

The role of SMEs in the economy of the whole country is very significant. Briefly describe its importance:

• creation of new jobs;
• formation of healthy competition in the market and adequate pricing for goods and services;
• revenues to the budgets of all levels;
• filling those niches where big business cannot fit in (provision of household services to the population, small wholesale, marketing).

But owners of small and medium-sized businesses have to constantly face problems and difficulties:

• economic instability in the country;
• lack of financial resources for both opening and developing a business;
• a large tax burden and the complexity of compiling financial statements;
• constant changes in legislation;
• lack of personnel (qualified specialists prefer to work for the “sharks” of business, ignoring entrepreneurs);
• difficulty in obtaining loans (not every bank wants to deal with a small business).

Agree, not every experienced businessman will be able to withstand the difficulties described above, what can we say about beginners.

That is why the state should provide assistance to entrepreneurs.

In 2016, more than 11 billion rubles were allocated from the Russian budget to support SMEs.

But, unfortunately, the amount of assistance to small businesses from the state tends to decrease.

So, in 2014, about 20 billion rubles were allocated to support SMEs, and already in 2015 - 17 billion. In 2016, it was planned to provide financial assistance in the amount of almost 15 billion from the federal budget, but in fact it turned out to be 11 billion.

In 2017, this downward trend in financial assistance continues. The state is ready to provide only 7.5 billion rubles.

Therefore, those who rely on it will have to make a lot of efforts to get it.

The structure of spending on helping small businesses in 2017 looks like this:

Expenses	Amount, billion
Formation of infrastructure for the development of SMEs	3,06
Measures to support single-industry municipalities	0,74
Creation and development of information and consulting support	0,72
Creation of an infrastructure to support SMEs operating in the field of innovation and industrial production	0,69
Completion of capital construction projects	1,6
Promoting the development of youth entrepreneurship	0,23
Creation of multifunctional business centers	0,135

We have figured out the facts and figures, but what is the assistance to small businesses from the state?

So, there are such forms of support for SMEs:

• financial - providing financial resources for the opening and development of small businesses (compensations, subsidies, grants, soft loans);
• property - providing entrepreneurs with state property on the rights of use (land plots, industrial premises);
• information and consulting- formation of information systems, as well as free consultations on doing business (trainings, seminars, courses);
• infrastructural- formation of comfortable conditions for doing business, as well as the creation of business incubators, multi-purpose funds, centers of entrepreneurs;
• organizational- assistance in participation in exhibition events and fairs.

Help for small businesses: who can count?

The priority areas that the state is ready to help are:

• area of ​​food and industrial production;
• innovation;
• provision of household and communal services;
• healthcare;
• tourism, in particular ecotourism;
• folk craft and creativity.

Assistance to small and medium businesses: 4 types

In general, there are 4 types of material assistance to small and medium-sized businesses from the state. Let's consider each of them.

1. Money from the employment center (self-employment grant).

In order to combat unemployment and informal employment, the state is ready to provide one-time financial assistance to start a small business.

The amount of assistance in 2017 is 58.8 thousand rubles.

If your business can provide work for one or more citizens, then the self-employment grant can be increased by 58.8 thousand rubles. for each hired employee.

The action of this program applies exclusively to the opening of individual entrepreneurship and cannot be applied to:

• minors (under 16) and pensioners;
• full-time students;
• operating individual entrepreneurs or founders of LLC;
• citizens with disabilities belonging to the non-working group;
• young mothers on maternity leave;
• those who work under an employment contract;
• those who refused the work offered at the employment center.

In addition to the documents that must be submitted in order to register with the employment center, in order to receive government assistance for small businesses, you will need:

• statement;
• a copy of the bank account;
• project.

If you are unemployed and want to get start-up capital to start your own business, you will need to follow these steps:

So, your application is approved, after that they will conclude an agreement with you that you received money to open a business. The funds received should be spent only for the intended purpose and you need to move strictly according to plan.

You need to appear within the time limits set by the employment center to provide reports on the funds spent.

In case of violation of the terms of the contract (misuse, premature termination of business activities), you will have to receive assistance.

2. Grants for start-up entrepreneurs.

This option of helping small businesses from the state is suitable for those who have some money for its opening and development.

That is, the funds are ready to compensate for part of the costs of opening a business in the amount of up to 500 thousand rubles.

The grant scheme is as follows:

Drawing up a strategy.

This includes drawing up a detailed business plan that will address production, organizational, financial, and marketing issues.

The study of public funds.

On the website of the ministry, you can find bodies and funds that are ready to support.

Familiarize yourself with the directions and requirements for candidates for which organizations work.

Preparation of documents and drawing up an application.

This stage must be approached with all responsibility, because in the absence of even one document or with an incorrectly completed application, the commission may reject your candidacy.

Sending an application and waiting for the decision of the commission.

The commission draws up a certain scoring system, according to which it evaluates the submitted projects.

The person with the most points will be the recipient of the grant.

The funds received can be spent on the purchase of equipment, equipment, raw materials, rent coverage, but not for paying salaries to employees. In any case, the use of money should be targeted.

Unfortunately, not everyone can receive such a grant for opening a small and medium-sized business.

For the rational distribution of financial resources, the state may determine various requirements for candidates:

• entrepreneurial age no more than 2 years;
• passing basic courses on entrepreneurial activity;
• business should not be related to gaming, banking, insurance activities, as well as the provision of intermediary services and the resale of goods;
• no debt to the state;
• employment of a certain number of people.

• dismissed from the previous place of work;
• university graduates;
• single mother;
• retired military;
• invalids.

Ideas that the commission will consider for issuing grants:

• innovation;
• socially significant industries;
• Agriculture;
• export-oriented production;
• education;
• tourism;
• advertising, marketing.

3. Credit on preferential terms.

Getting a loan from a bank is a rather complicated and painstaking work, which does not always end in success.

Therefore, why not try your luck and ask for a loan from the state, but on favorable terms?

The essence of obtaining a preferential loan is as follows:

1. Guaranteed lending support is provided by the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
2. As of now, preferential rates for lending to small businesses are 11%, for medium-sized businesses - 10% (for comparison: you can take a loan under normal conditions at 24-25% per annum).
3. The maximum loan amount is 1 billion rubles, and the term is 3 years.
4. Loans are issued to those entrepreneurs whose successful activity lasts about six months.
5. Loans are not given to those who are on the verge of bankruptcy, who have outstanding debts and questionable credit history.

A loan on favorable terms can be issued for the following purposes:

• increase in working capital;
• purchase of real estate and transport for doing business;
• participation in government contracts.

4. Subsidizing small and medium businesses.

Assistance to small businesses from the state in the form of subsidies is carried out on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1605: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173683

For those who do not know: subsidies are the receipt of a certain amount of funds for specific purposes.

As a rule, money is issued on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis. Unlike a grant, the amounts of which are received in tranches, the subsidy is received in one amount at once.

To help small and medium-sized businesses, the following types of subsidies are issued in the following amounts:

Type of subsidy	Sum
Subsidies for reimbursement of interest on loans	Compensation of 3/4 of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of the date of conclusion of the loan agreement (up to 5 million rubles and not more than 70% of the actual costs incurred)
Subsidies for reimbursement of part of the costs under financial lease (leasing) agreements	5 million rubles (but not more than 30% of the value of the leased asset)
Compensation for part of the costs associated with training and (or) advanced training of employees	75% of the cost of training, but not more than 90 thousand rubles, for each trained employee
Reimbursement of part of the costs associated with the payment of the first installment (advance) when concluding an equipment leasing agreement in order to create and (or) develop and (or) modernize the production of goods (works, services)	100% of the paid installment (advance) of the equipment leasing agreement, but not more than 3 million rubles.

The amount of subsidies may differ in different regions, but the scheme for issuing them is approximately the same:

1. Compliance check:
   • the period of activity of the enterprise is not more than 2 years;
   • lack of debt;
   • the candidate himself is able to cover the costs of the project in the amount of 50% of the total amount.
2. Filing an application
3. Application acceptance
4. Competitive selection
5. Receiving a subsidy, providing reports on the targeted use of assistance to small businesses.

The new state program provides an opportunity for beginners

entrepreneurs to start their own business.

How to get this help is explained in detail in the video:

Small Business Assistance Program

In 2017, the following programs of assistance to small businesses from the state will operate:

• "Cooperation" - you can get up to 20 million rubles. for business development, namely: improving the quality of the goods produced or the service provided;
• "Development" - the maximum amount of assistance to small businesses can be 15 million rubles, which must be spent on improving production and creating new jobs;
• "Start" - carried out in 3 stages: 1 million rubles, 2 million rubles. and 3 million rubles. This small business assistance program is focused on creating new products and technologies.

The proposed list does not end there, as there are many other programs, as well as funds that provide support to entrepreneurs.

Help for small businesses not limited to the state. There are many foreign, venture, investment funds that are ready to cooperate with young and promising entrepreneurs.

You just need to knock on all the doors, and not wait for someone to want to sponsor your idea.

Of course, those who produce a socially significant product or make an innovative breakthrough are more likely to succeed. But again, everything is in your hands, so do not be lazy and start acting.

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The authorities of the capital of the Russian Federation are developing measures to stimulate the business activity of the population. Support for small businesses in Moscow is a systematic activity of government agencies, carried out at the legislative and executive levels.

Consider the options for budget assistance that capital businessmen can count on in 2018.

Download for viewing and printing:

Goals and forms of work

Interaction with business structures of the authorities is carried out through specially created Funds. These enterprises accumulate the initiatives of market participants, create tools and new forms of cooperation between the state and entrepreneurs.

The policy priorities of the Moscow authorities are:

1. assistance in attracting young people to business activities;
2. support for market entities working with foreign counterparties;
3. providing conditions for improving the professional and educational level of entrepreneurs;
4. allocation of funding to companies involved in the development of infrastructure and civil society.

For example, the Moscow Interregional Marketing Center organizes the promotion of capital goods in the regions. There is an enterprise whose task is to create a unified information environment for businessmen.

In addition to other forms of support, subsidies are provided for small businesses in Moscow. This form of cooperation is the attraction of budgetary funds for the development of small business.

These structures see their goals as:

• combining the efforts of businessmen to increase the level of interaction with the state;
• improving working conditions for entrepreneurs;
• development of proposals for improving legislation;
• support for start-up businesses.

For information: the company can get help not only from the authorities. The centers actively cooperate with private investors, accumulating their proposals.

Support types

Several funds operate in the capital of the Russian Federation. They offer customers and partners a variety of useful services..

The table shows their features

Reference: there is a center in every district of the city.

Assistance in getting a loan

This type of support is provided by the IB Lending Assistance Fund. Its essence lies in the receipt by the borrower of state guarantees. Terms of provision:

• work with a partner bank;
• impeccable credit history and business reputation;
• registration in Moscow or the region.

Attention: The Fund guarantees up to 50% of the loan. The bank independently applies for a guarantee.

Rent at preferential prices

In order to reduce the cost of doing business, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with discounts for renting space in buildings owned by the state(to the municipality). The price is five to six times lower than the market price. However, in order to receive a preference, the following conditions must be met:

• register as a person on the small business list;
• engage in educational or medical projects.

Attention: the subsidy is not issued to applicants who violate the deadlines for making tax and other obligatory payments.

Subsidizing

Center "MB Moscow" allocates free funds to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The conditions are:

• no more than two years have passed since the start of the activity;
• no more than 250 hired workers work in production;
• annual revenue does not exceed 1 billion rubles;
• the share of foreign owners does not exceed 25%.

To receive money, you must send an application to the structure, accompanying it with the necessary documentation. The subsidy is targeted. You will have to account for the use of the funds.

Reference: the amount of assistance does not exceed 500 thousand rubles.

The above organization issues targeted subsidies for participation in exhibitions. Their size reaches 300 thousand rubles. The selection criteria for participants are the same as listed above. But there are exceptions. This type of assistance cannot be received by a structure engaged in the following activities:

• trade in excisable goods;
• mediation;
• agency work.

Watch a video about supporting small and medium businesses

15May

Hello! In this article we will talk about the ways of state financing of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia.

Today you will learn:

1. How does the state help entrepreneurs;
2. How much money can you get to support a business;
3. How to qualify for a grant.

Importance of SMEs

A large number of small private firms within the country are of great benefit to the development of the economy.

Types of subsidies

The government has identified several programs to support small businesses:

• - the amount of money allocated to newcomers;
• Assistance in repayment of loans for business - compensation of part of the interest in the amount of the refinancing rate. For example, you have issued a loan at 19% per annum. The rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is 9.75%. In total, the state will pay 9.75% for you, and you will have to repay the loan under: 19 - 9, 75 = 9.25%;
• Payment. The first installment is paid up to 30%, but not more than 1,000,000 rubles;
• Compensation for all or partial costs of training the organization's personnel. This includes all kinds of;
• Help for people who decide to start farming;
• Search for partners to conclude deals with foreign representatives. The state in this way encourages the export of production;
• Development of business infrastructure. The state allocates equipment, materials, etc. to fill business development centers;
• Remote accounting (outsourcing).

The list is quite wide, which means that each interested owner of the company will be able to choose for himself the most optimal way to receive funds from the budget. To do this, you need to decide in advance what exactly you do not have enough money for.

How much will the government pay

In each region, the amount of issuance may vary. This information needs to be corrected. Nevertheless, the state tries every year to increase the cost of financing small and medium-sized businesses.

Payments can be received as follows:

• 58,800 rubles - for opening a small business (this amount is issued by the employment center as an annual unemployment benefit);
• up to 500,000 rubles - a grant for the development of a new enterprise registered less than a year ago;
• up to 1,000,000 rubles - for opening and development (as a loan amount at a preferential interest rate).
• up to 2,500,000 rubles - for the promotion of innovations (obtaining a patent, etc.);
• up to 10,000,000 rubles - for;
• up to 15,000,000 rubles (but not more than the amount spent by the owner on the development of the company) - to increase the enterprise (to receive such a large amount, you must meet all the criteria put forward by the state).

It is important to bear in mind that in many cases, in order to receive a grant, a future entrepreneur must officially be on the employment exchange, confirming the lack of a job. The money will be allocated only if the support fund cannot find you a suitable vacancy.

Also, in order to receive a grant, you must have at least 25% of the requested amount. The state must have guarantees that you want to open a business, and not spend money on personal needs.

Money is transferred to the applicant's account within six months, and in some cases even a year. As they are spent, the entrepreneur must report on the purposes for which the funds were spent. If the cost items do not match those originally indicated, then you will have to answer in court. Any unused amount will need to be returned.

Don't forget about paying taxes. From the received grant, you will have to pay at a rate of 13%.

What is funded by grants

The state is trying to support those areas of life that benefit the whole country and contribute to the growth of the economic interest of the population.

Among them are those for which grants are allocated in the first place:

• Trade (however, this area is already oversaturated and it will be possible to receive a grant for its development in a small percentage of cases).

The areas in which entrepreneurs are going to trade are also of particular importance.

The state is more loyal to the allocation of grants for development:

• medicine;
• Construction;
• Tourism;
• Innovative business;
• education;
• Catering;
• natural sciences.

If you are interested in receiving a grant, then it is better to organize your activities in the above areas. to receive a grant will help avoid a negative decision on your application.

What exactly can the money from the grant be spent on?

State structures strictly control debit transactions on the account to which the amount was transferred as a support for small and medium-sized businesses.

The entrepreneur must spend strictly in accordance with the drawn up business plan, other purposes are not allowed. The use of money for other purposes is not allowed, otherwise such a businessman will be held accountable.

The following items of expenses may be reflected in the account of the entrepreneur:

• Purchase of the necessary equipment (an important condition is that this purchase cannot be resold before three years of use);
• , (up to 20% of the total grant amount is allocated for these purposes);
• Purchase of a patent, license or special program;
• Acquisition of means of production - materials, raw materials (no more than 20% of the grant);
• Workplace equipment.

After the expenses you have made, you will need to report on them. Therefore, it is important to keep all checks, receipts, invoices and other supporting papers. If you cannot provide them, then you will not be able to justify the costs, and this is already fraught with difficulties associated with inappropriate spending and the return of the grant.

Who is eligible for financial support

To receive subsidies for small businesses from the budget, it is not enough to have only ambitions and a great desire, it is also necessary to meet a number of requirements.

An established enterprise must:

• Be registered less than 1 year ago;
• Stand firmly on your feet (does not threaten or).

If an unregistered entrepreneur plans to receive state support, then he must meet the following criteria:

• Age from 18 to 30 years (upper limit is desirable);
• Employment at the employment exchange;
• Passing a psychology test with a high score;
• Availability of a ready-made high-quality business plan;
• Have an amount of at least 25% of the grant.

The state wants to see among entrepreneurs young people who have recently discovered business for themselves and have high goals. Without having the above characteristics, it will be impossible to receive entrepreneurial support.

Another important, but not fundamental condition is the absence of a grant in the past. The country wants to see new heroes, and therefore considers for funding purposes only newly minted businessmen who are just starting to learn the basics of entrepreneurship.

Opportunities for socially disadvantaged groups

Any member of society can receive support from the state for the development of his enterprise. The authorities give an opportunity to prove themselves to socially unprotected citizens who can count on an increased rate.

Such persons include:

• Single parents raising minor children;
• People from orphanages;
• former prisoners;
• Former military;
• Large families;
• Families with a disabled person.

The easiest way to get 58,800 rubles for any person is to join the labor exchange and provide a business plan. If it is approved, then you can invest your own knowledge and experience in the development of entrepreneurship.

The state also encourages the opening of new firms in the field of folk crafts, children's educational institutions or leisure centers for children and adults as social projects.

Business plan for obtaining a subsidy

An important rule for the possibility of participation in the competition for financial assistance is the preparation of a business plan. This is a document that carefully analyzes your entire business “on the shelves”. Various indicators, calculations and project efficiency are displayed here.

The main components of the plan:

• The essence of the created business;
• Required investments;
• What is produced or what services are provided;
• Organization of the process;
• Risk calculation.

It is also important to indicate in the project the characteristics in which the state is interested:

• Number of workplaces;
• Expected return (in terms of tax deductions);
• Entrepreneur's own funds.

A special commission examines your business plan within 60 days. It needs to be clearly worded. From it it should clearly follow for what purposes production is created and what benefits it brings to society.

You should interest the authorities to pay the grant to you. A business plan can help with this if it is written competently and competently. If you have never dealt with the preparation of such documents before, it is better to undergo special training and draw up a business plan at a high level.

Where to go for help

To become a member of the state program for issuing money, you do not need to go somewhere or visit the capital. It is enough to contact the authorities.

You can visit:

• Employment Center;
• local administration;
• Department of Entrepreneurship (a kind of support agency).

You can go to these representative offices at any stage of participation. Before or here they will tell you everything about the rules of the project, its participants, and the requirements for them. You will know the amounts you can count on.

Within the framework of state programs, start-up entrepreneurs are also trained in the basics of business. You will learn the basics of economics, learn how to write a business plan and meet the same future figures as you.

Here you can clarify everything about state support: its conditions, development by region, and what chances you personally have to receive a grant. Communication with experienced businessmen provides an opportunity to gain some important theoretical knowledge.

All information is provided in the public domain: anyone can get training, attend seminars and get answers to their questions. The state is trying to make this process as convenient as possible for future entrepreneurs.

Importance of the Federal Portal

To get acquainted with subsidies for starting a business, a website called "Federal portal of small and medium-sized businesses" has been created. Any individual entrepreneur, legal entity or just an individual can enter here.

The site includes information for each region. You can study the statistics of the number of enterprises for different periods or view state support payments.

It also displays here:

• Number of enterprises that received grants;
• Regulatory regulatory framework;
• News of regions;
• Measures of provided legal support and their availability by region;
• Question and answer form in which you can find out something for yourself;
• Calculator (when buying a patent).

How the subsidy is made

To apply for state support, you will need:

• Study at a three-day entrepreneurship course (if necessary. Here they will talk about the features of drawing up a business plan. The course lasts several days, after which a certificate is issued confirming your readiness to receive a grant);
• Draw up a competent plan for exactly the area of ​​​​life activity for which a subsidy for business is issued;
• Collect all documents and take them to the local administration or business support center. Write an application as a project participant;
• Waiting for the decision of the commission to approve your project (within 60 days from the date of adoption of the business plan);
• Upon approval of your application, open a legal entity or individual entrepreneur (if you are not yet registered in this status);
• Open a bank account (here, the Department of Entrepreneurship should appear as a party to the agreement, which will allocate funds to you. In case of their improper use, they will be written off in favor of the state);
• Attribute the bank agreement, a certificate of no debts to credit institutions and a certificate of registration of an entrepreneur with tax services to the Department of Entrepreneurship;
• Within six months, funds will be credited to your account, and you will be able to dispose of them to please your business.

There is nothing complicated in applying for and receiving a grant. The most difficult moment is the preparation of a business plan. Upon its completion, a special commission will be familiarized with the terms of your project. After that, its representatives will ask you a few questions regarding the effectiveness of implementing the development in life.

If you successfully pass this "interview", then the money will definitely be transferred to your account.

We collect documents

To apply for a grant, you will need to collect a package of papers. It may vary slightly in each region.

Mainly required:

• The statement itself;
• Business plan with all calculations, calculations and forecasts;
• If you have already registered and operate as an entrepreneur, you may be asked for copies of contracts with partners;
• Copies of lease agreements for premises or certificates of ownership (if necessary);
• Copies of existing licenses and permits for work, production, etc.;
• Bank statement stating that you have accounts;
• For LLC - a copy;
• A copy of an extract from the register of legal entities or individual entrepreneurs;
• A copy of the certificate of registration as an entrepreneur;
• Certificate from the tax office on the absence of debts and overdue payments;
• Participant's receipt that he was not previously an entrepreneur (they may ask for your work book confirming that you worked only for hire).

Depending on the conditions of the grant, this list may vary to a greater or lesser extent. In any case, the preparation of documents must be approached responsibly. There is a set time limit for collection. If you do not meet it, then you will not see money from the state.

Why might they refuse?

Getting a subsidy from the state has a long list of requirements for a novice entrepreneur. Failure to comply with at least one point may lead to a refusal to issue funds.

Consider these points:

• Choosing the wrong business niche. There are areas that the state does not finance, it is better to choose those that receive R regional support for small businesses in the first place;
• The amount claimed is too large. You must understand that the state does not give away funds, but gives out only to those who are ready to invest themselves. Therefore, if the business plan indicates a lot of money required from the budget, the refusal will follow unambiguously;
• bugs in your project. If there are any inaccuracies or phrases in the business plan that cause double understanding, then the commission has the right to refuse. It should contain only specific calculations and information on the merits. Quick payback and the significance of your business for the region - that's what the authorities are looking at;
• Re-applying. If you have already received money from the state earlier, then the second time you are unlikely to succeed. The government wants to sponsor newly-minted entrepreneurs;
• If you have already registered a business, then they may refuse due to tax debts, untimely payment to subordinates, with incomes of employees less than the subsistence level.

Who can't count

The state is not ready to sponsor every idea of ​​a newly arrived entrepreneur. Only socially significant projects that will benefit the country or a separate region are of interest. In addition, the business plan must be realistic and not be the product of unrealizable fantasies.

There are areas that will never receive state support for the project. If you are a representative of one of these areas, then do not count on grants.

These include:

• Tobacco production;
• Spill of alcohol;
• Credit activity;
• Insurance Company;
• Shenanigans on and ;
• Network business;
• Pawnshops.

The opening and sponsoring of enterprises in these industries will have to be carried out exclusively at their own expense or through loans. These areas do not carry large-scale significance for the regions, moreover, they are oversaturated with supply and demand.

Also, if you do not have a penny for your own ideas, then the state will not meet halfway. In some cases, the conditions for participation in the competition provide for at least 25% of the amount of business development support.

If you personally or an enterprise have debts on bank loans, especially overdue ones, you don’t even have to bother to submit documents - the state will still refuse.

Do you want to become an entrepreneur

The problem of most people who want to open their own business is the psychological fear of the new and the experience that you can lose everything at the initial stage. This is a common occurrence that only goes away with time. If you think and worry all the time, nothing will work.

To open your own business, you need to make every effort, spare no time and yourself personally. Another problem of today's young people is that they think right away, but it's better to get them for free. With such an approach, it is unlikely that anything will work.

An entrepreneur must improve his skills in the area in which he has extensive knowledge. We need to focus not on money, but on deeds.

Mastering the appropriate literature, attending various seminars and courses is an important step in preparing yourself as a future leader. One of the most effective approaches to properly starting a business is to communicate with experienced entrepreneurs.

You must calculate your strength. It is important to understand that any stoppage in business can lead to the loss of invested funds, and restoring it again is an even more difficult process.

In order for the state to provide funds for your business free of charge, give maximum influence to your business plan. Decide on the niche that the company will occupy. Further calculations and the issuance of a grant depend on this.

• Ask for a small amount for the first time and only on the most necessary, this will attract the eyes of the commission, which will be sure that you really are;
• Compose an original project, it must be unique. Its advantageous difference from others will allow it to get approved by the commission;
• Define the goals of the project correctly. They cannot be the purpose of obtaining money or cars for themselves. You must formulate such proposals that do not concern you personally and your earnings. They can be aimed at developing the region, helping the population, developing exports, and so on, that is, what is important for the country and its economic growth.