Every child loves to draw. Someone draws well-thought-out plots, someone draws sketches. Although, kalyaki-malaki are only for us adults. And the child and they have their own meaning.
It's great when a child draws on his own.
I try not to interfere in the process and not give advice. However, I welcome joint drawing. So you can show the child interesting techniques that he will definitely use in the future himself.
Recently, my daughter and I have mastered a new drawing technique. To tell the truth, we tried it before, but somehow it didn’t work. Apparently for us, the age of 3-4 years is ideal for starting to draw through a cocktail tube.
This drawing technique is excellent and the child's articulation apparatus.
Drawing with a tube. Blotography
Paper
For blotting, it is advisable to choose thick paper that does not immediately absorb paint. Thick landscape sheets or watercolor paper are perfect.
Paints
You can draw with gouache, slightly diluted with water; watercolor (drawings will not be very bright) or ink (especially good for drawing tree trunks).
Tools
A long cocktail stick and a thick stiff brush.
My daughter and I painted with gouache, slightly diluted with water, on printer paper. It quickly absorbs paint, and drawing on it is not very convenient.
Drawing technique with a tube
Everything is very simple: you drip a large drop of paint onto the paper with a brush and blow fancy patterns out of it through a straw.
We painted only with black gouache. You can use a lot of bright and colored paints and get a bright abstract picture.
We've got trees. It remains only to finish the leaves. This can be done with paints, pencils. Or you can use the application technique: glue crumpled pieces of napkins of different colors (yellow, green, red), dried and crumbled leaves and you will succeed.
Anyutka decided to draw autumn. The background in the pictures below is made with oil pastels (the chalk is laid on its side, and with a slight pressure, draw it over the paper). The leaves in the picture on the left are made in watercolor (hard brush, applied with “pokes”). And in the picture on the right - the leaves are drawn by my daughter with oil pastels.
This drawing is in watercolor only. The trunks were a little smeared from a wet brush, but Anya was not embarrassed: “It’s just a storm, now I’ll draw how the leaves took off into the sky and then fell.”
A little more about our drawing with my daughter
Anya loves to draw with pencils, crayons and paints. But for some reason, in drawing, he prefers one color. As a rule, she has one picture - one color. The next one can be done in a different color, but also in the same one.
Only occasionally, drawing with paints, my daughter gets two or three color pictures.
Only one pleases. In drawing, my daughter allows our joint creativity, but in crafts.
Sometimes we paint one picture together, sometimes each one of our own on a certain topic. Here is the result of the collaboration.
The background was painted together. Anya chose the colors. I drew a tree (picture on the left), and Anna did everything else. Bright multi-colored pictures turned out. After such a joint drawing, Anya paints color pictures for some time, and then returns to monochrome ones again.
How do you draw with kids?
Teaching kids 2-3 years old to draw is not only an important period in the development of visual skills and imagination, but also for the subsequent formation of a creative personality.
How to teach a child to draw?
The main thing when learning to draw is to create a "live" image and vivid impressions. After all, all children learn the world through the game. Not a single kid sat down at a desk voluntarily and began to display boring squiggles. Therefore, the union of an adult and a child, based on mutual understanding and respect, will be important in this process. Remember, in creativity you are not a teacher, but a friend of the child. Do not put your skills and abilities on a pedestal, but sink to his level. Do not teach, do not advise “at hand”, but show how to do it at the beginning of the lesson. And then just sit down and watch.
You can not force the baby to draw, it can discourage him from wanting to in the future!
Getting started with drawing with children 2 years old It's important to get the timing right. It is better to give preference to the first half of the day, when the child's brain is not yet overloaded with information, and a lot of strength has been accumulated. A distinctive feature of classes at 2 years old is a close connection with the outside world, because at this age kids are very curious and absorb information like sponges.
Painting withchildren at 3 years old also has a number of features. As a rule, kids of 3 years old already have certain preferences in themes for the game and favorite characters. Therefore, in order to teach a child to perform the exercises below, you need to intrigue him. Tell an interesting story, for example, about a hedgehog, and then offer to help him pick apples.
What to draw?
Many parents mistakenly go from simple to complex. They give a child a felt-tip pen at the age of 2, suggesting to teach him to draw without making any effort. After all, felt-tip pens are so bright and they are so easy to draw with! But this way, on the contrary, is the most difficult. After all, then you will have to retrain the child to hold the pencil correctly and learn to press it in order to draw a line on paper. With effort, when you press the pencil from early childhood, the baby trains the pen, develops fine motor skills. It will be easier for him to prepare for school, and study itself. Therefore, it is better not to give the baby a felt-tip pen until the age of 4, until he fully masters the skill of drawing with a pencil.
What pencils to choose?
Here all teachers are unanimous - trihedral. They exclude the possibility of taking a pencil incorrectly. For kids who are just learning to hold a pencil, triangular wax pencils are suitable, and for older children, wooden ones with a soft lead.
So, let's get to work!
"Acquaintance"
Target: introduce the baby to pencils, rules of use, ways of possession.
Material: sheet of white paper, colored pencils.
Occupation
Take a sheet of paper and a red pencil. Draw a big and small circle. The child will watch the process with interest: for the first time he sees how the outline of a familiar object appears on a blank sheet of paper.
Invite him to take a pencil in his right hand.
Demonstrate how to properly hold the pencil with your thumb, middle and index fingers, without pressing hard on the paper and without tearing through it.
Holding the child's hand along with the pencil, draw a circle shape. Let go of his hand. Let him try to repeat the movements himself.
Of course, it will be difficult for a child to reproduce the outline of a round shape from the first time. So start with a simple line. Let the kid develop his own hand, creating his own little masterpieces.
The main thing is that he is interested in the process itself, and the result will certainly please later.
"Rain"
Target: teach to draw strokes, strengthening and weakening the movements of the hand with a pencil.
materials: colored pencils, a sheet of paper with a gray shape - “clouds”.
Occupation
Pay attention to the change in the weather in nature: the sun is shining, then clouds are running in, blocking the sun and it starts to rain.
Show a drawing with a silhouette image of a gray cloud. "What is it? Cloud. It's raining drip-drip-drip"
Take a blue pencil and draw strokes, then increasing the rhythm of the rain, then weakening.
Comment on your actions with pencil movements. "There are puddles on the path." Draw an oval shaped puddle.
Invite the child to continue drawing, encouraging him to first increase the rhythm of the strokes, and then weaken.
Pay attention to hand coordination.
"Balloons for a bear"
Target: teach rotational movements, correctly hold a pencil in your hand without breaking through a sheet of paper.
Materials: colored pencils, a white sheet of paper with a pasted bear and drawn threads for balls.
Occupation
As an illustrative example, show a toy - a bear that holds a red balloon in its paw.
Ask the child what color is the balloon? Give him a red pencil, remind him how to hold it correctly in his hand.
Invite your child to draw balls for a bear on a previously prepared sheet of paper with an image of an animal.
Help the child by holding and guiding the pen and pencil.
"Apples for the hedgehog"
Target: develop a plot and game plan, teach rotational movements.
Material: a sheet of paper with the image of a hedgehog application, colored pencils, a hedgehog - a toy.
Occupation
Invite the child to guess the riddle: "under the pines, under the trees lies a ball of needles."
Help him complete the task by telling stories about the hedgehog and acting out the story of how he stores mushrooms and apples for the winter.
Show a sheet with a picture of a hedgehog application without needles.
Invite the child to draw needles with short strokes, then apples and mushrooms.
Help him if he finds it difficult to depict these objects.
"My fingers"
Target: learn to trace objects along the contour.
Material: colored pencils, sheet of paper.
Occupation
Place the child's hand on a sheet of paper and circle it along the contour, naming each finger.
Offer to paint them in different colors.
Then ask your child to repeat your actions on their own.
In case of difficulty, help outline the cube or other object, keeping it in the center and helping the child cope with the task.
"Tassel"
Target: introduce new material: paints, brushes, teach the rules for using paints.
materials: paint - red gouache, brushes No. 8-10, sheets of white paper, a jar of water, napkins.
Occupation
Remind them that the child first learned to draw with colored pencils.
Now he will learn to draw with paints.
Draw his attention to a jar of bright color and a brush, which consists of a stick and soft pile.
Show your child how to draw.
First, dip the brush into the paint, wring out excess drops on the edge of the jar and draw a wide line on the paper.
The result was a "track". Then, firmly applying the brush to a sheet of paper, depict its traces: "walking along the path."
Make circular movements with the brush - it "dances". Draw a circle and sticks around - this is the sun.
Then invite the child to draw.
To do this, put the brush in his handle, holding it with your hand, dip the brush into the paint, squeeze out excess drops on the edge of the jar and draw a line.
Do everything slowly and carefully, voicing your actions.
During the paint change, show how to rinse the brush in a jar of water, and then dry it by applying it to a paper towel.
Give the child freedom of movement, controlling the process.
Encourage experimentation with paint, painting the surface of the sheet with paints of different colors.
At the end of the lesson, rinse the brush, review and discuss the work done.
"Who lives in the forest"
Target: teach motor rhythm.
Materials: a sheet of paper painted in light gray tones with applications of tree silhouettes, a brush, paints, a jar of water, napkins.
Occupation
Think about the inhabitants of the forest: hares, hedgehogs, bears, foxes and wolves. Read poems, riddles, sing songs.
Draw, on a pre-prepared sheet, with the tip of a brush, small traces of a hare, as he jumps and runs.
Large footprints of a wolf that ran through the forest.
Then, with the whole bristle of the brush, large strokes are traces of a bear, as he walks through the forest.
After showing the drawing technique, invite the child to draw footprints on their own and tell to whom which belong.
"Snowball"
Target: learn to draw with strokes in different parts of the paper.
Materials: a blue sheet of paper, white paint, brushes No. 8-12, a jar of water, napkins.
Occupation
Remember how snowflakes look in the winter season, what color they are, how they spin and fall to the ground.
Sing familiar melodies about the winter season.
Invite the child to draw a white snowball and make a few strokes.
Against a blue background, white snow will look very impressive.
Ask the child to repeat the strokes: in different parts of the paper, apply “falling snow” with strokes.
Important to remember! Expanding your understanding of the world around you, do not forget to encourage the baby in all his endeavors.
"Salute"
Target: use different colors of paints, the ability to wash the brush when changing paint.
Materials: a sheet of dark blue paper, paints of different colors, a brush, a jar of water, napkins.
Occupation
Relive the impressions of the fireworks seen.
Show together how the rocket fires take off, raising your hands up.
Then draw white stripes on the dark blue background of the night sky to mimic the movement of a rocket.
Draw salute fires with strokes of red and yellow, rhythmically applying them in the form of dots, spots, stripes.
When changing paint, remind your child to rinse the brush in a jar of water, dry it by applying it to a paper towel.
Draw with potatoes!
STONES. Cut the potato in half. Pass the tines of the fork several times, creating a relief on the cut. Dip the potato in paint and make a print.
FISH. With the pad of your thumb, type the body, and with the tip of your index finger, type the tail. Draw the eyes and mouth with a felt-tip pen.
BUBBLES. Stamp with the end of a plastic straw.
PLANTS. Cut the onion and make a print.
Blotography
The bottom line is to teach children how to make blots (black and multi-colored). Then a 3-year-old child can look at them and see images, objects or individual details. "What does your or my inkblot look like?", "Whom or what does it remind you of?" - these questions are very useful, because develop thinking and imagination. After that, without forcing the child, but showing, we recommend moving on to the next step - tracing or drawing the blot. The result can be a whole story.
So, bend a sheet of white paper and straighten it in half. Together with the baby, put 2-3 multi-colored spots of gouache (ink) on the fold line. Fold the sheet in half and with the magic words "crex, fex, pex" swipe your finger from the center to the edges. Open the sheet - and get a butterfly or a flower! After drying with a felt-tip pen, draw small details.
Threadography
Bend and straighten a sheet of white cardboard about 20x20 cm. Take a thick woolen thread about 30 cm long and dip its end 8-10 cm into thick paint and place it between the two halves of the sheet. Lightly pressing on the sheet, drive with a thread. Say the magic words and see what happens. It turns out a chaotic image, which is examined, outlined and completed by adults with children. It is extremely useful to give names to the resulting images. This complex mental and speech work, combined with visual work, will contribute to the intellectual development of preschool children.
Wet painting
Moisten the paper with water and immediately start drawing. When it dries, moisten it again and paint on. The result is a smoky image with blurry outlines and smooth transitions.
magic candle
With a wax candle (or a piece of laundry soap), secretly from the child, draw a Christmas tree or a house on thick paper. Then, together with it, using foam rubber, begin to apply paint to the entire surface of the paper. Since the house drawn with a candle will be bold, the paint will not fall on it, and the drawing will suddenly appear in front of the child. The same effect can be obtained by first drawing with clerical glue.
old gold
With older children, you can make a picture by painting with PVA glue, which leaves a convex line. Then this pattern needs to be covered with gold paint and lightly wiped with black shoe polish, creating the effect of "old gold".
Blowing drawings
Dilute with water to a very liquid state of paint of two colors. Pour both colors close to each other on a sheet of thick paper. We lower the straw for cocktails into the center and, directing it in different directions, we begin to blow strongly. It turns out multi-colored branched processes. If you create a “face” in the middle of the drawing with circular movements of a wet cloth, and after drying apply eyes, mouth, nose and ears to it, you will get a cheerful little man.
Salt watercolor
If you sprinkle salt on a watercolor drawing that has not yet dried, then the salt will stick to the paint and, when dried, will create a grainy effect.
cracked wax
A simple drawing can be turned into a canvas by an artist of past centuries. To do this, you need to draw with wax pencils. The main thing is to press hard on the pencil and cover the entire surface of the paper with the pattern and background, leaving no gaps. Then gently crease the pattern, starting from the edges. Expand and repeat again to get more cracks. We take a dark liquid paint and pour it into all the cracks, and then we wash the drawing on both sides under the tap and let it dry. If your painting is too wrinkled, you can iron it between two sheets of newspaper.
bitmap
Try drawing with a felt-tip pen or pencil, making many dots, quickly hitting the tool on a sheet of paper. And best of all, bitmaps are obtained with paints. You can use a hard brush, or you can use a match, cleaned of sulfur and tightly wrapped with a small piece of cotton wool. She is dipped in paint and begins to create.
Photocopy without photocopier
For the development of fine motor skills of the hands, drawing blindly through a sheet of carbon paper is very useful. Put it with the coloring side on a sheet of paper and start drawing directly on the carbon paper with your fingers, pencil or blunt stick. When the drawing is finished, remove the carbon paper and look with your child for details that you forgot to depict.
Collage
In the house there will always be unnecessary postcards, photographs, color clippings from magazines that can be combined into a large collage. Once you've created your canvas with glue and scissors, you can tint the background or parts of the painting with paint. It must be something very interesting.
English teacher-researcher Anna Rogovin recommends using everything that is at hand for drawing exercises: draw with a cloth, paper napkin (folded many times); draw with dirty water, old tea leaves, coffee grounds, pomace from berries. It is also useful to paint cans and bottles, reels and boxes, etc.
And here are the METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF NON-TRADITIONAL DRAWING, proposed by Galina Galitsina:
DRAW TOGETHER
A long strip of paper will help you draw together without interfering with each other. You can draw isolated objects or plots, i.e. work nearby. And even in this case, the child is warmer from the elbow of mom or dad. And then it is desirable to move on to collective drawing. Adults and the child agree on who will draw what to get a common plot.
CONTINUE PICTURE
When your child is 4 years old, we strongly advise you to resort to the following method. A rectangular sheet of paper is taken, 3 pencils. Adults and a child are distributed: who will draw the first, who will be the second, who will be the third. The first one starts drawing, and then closes his drawing, bending the leaflet on top and leaving a little bit, some part, to continue (the neck, for example). The second, not seeing anything but the neck, naturally continues the torso, leaving only part of the legs visible. The third one finishes. Then the whole sheet is opened - and almost always it turns out funny: from the mismatch of proportions, color schemes.
FOAM DRAWINGS
For drawing, foam rubber can come to the rescue. We advise you to make a variety of various small geometric figures out of it, and then attach them with a thin wire to a stick or pencil (not sharpened). The tool is ready. Now you can dip it in paint and use the stamp method to draw red triangles, yellow circles, green squares (all foam rubber, unlike cotton wool, is well washed). At first, children will randomly draw geometric shapes. And then offer to make the simplest ornaments out of them - first from one type of figure, then from two, three.
MAGIC DRAWING METHOD
This method is implemented like this. An image is drawn on white paper with the corner of a wax candle (a Christmas tree, a house, or maybe a whole plot). Then with a brush, and preferably with cotton wool or foam rubber, the paint is applied on top of the entire image. Due to the fact that the paint does not fall on the bold image with a candle - the drawing seems to appear suddenly before the eyes of the children, manifesting itself. You can get the same effect by first drawing with stationery glue or a piece of laundry soap. In this case, the selection of the background to the subject plays an important role. For example, it is better to paint over a snowman painted with a candle with blue paint, and a boat with green paint. No need to worry if candles or soap start to crumble while painting. It depends on their quality.
FINGERGRAPHY METHOD
Here is another way to depict the world around you: with your fingers, palm, feet, and maybe with your chin, nose. Not everyone will take such a statement seriously. Where is the line between prank and drawing? And why should we draw only with a brush or felt-tip pen? After all, a hand or individual fingers is such a help. Moreover, the index finger of the right hand obeys the child better than a pencil. Well, if the pencil is broken, the brush is wiped off, the felt-tip pens are over - but you want to draw. There is another reason: sometimes the theme just asks for a child's hand or finger. For example, a child will better draw a tree with his hands than with other tools. With his finger, he will draw out the trunk and branches, then (if it is autumn) he will apply yellow, green, orange paints to the inside of the hand and draw a crimson-mahogany tree on top. Well, if we teach children to use their fingers rationally: not just one index finger, but all.
Lesson progress:
Now we will draw not with a brush, but with fingers. For work, we need paper, diluted gouache in a flat plate.
- Dip the pads of your fingers in paint and make prints on paper. So you can draw berries, colorful lights, dandelions.
- Clench your hand into a fist and move it around the plate of paint from side to side so that the paint is well distributed over your hand.
- Raise your fist and put it on the paper. You will get large prints. They can be turned into birds, flowers, clouds.
- Dip your palm with open fingers into the paint and attach it to the paper. Consider what happened and finish the missing details. So you can draw dinosaurs, Christmas trees and even create a composition "Merry Summer".
MONOTOPY METHOD
Two words about this, unfortunately, rarely used method. And in vain. Because he is fraught with a lot of tempting for preschoolers. In short, this is an image on cellophane, which is then transferred to paper. On smooth cellophane, I paint with paint using a brush, or a match with cotton wool, or a finger (no uniformity is needed). The paint should be thick and bright. And immediately, until the paint has dried, turn the cellophane over with the image down on white thick paper and, as it were, wet the drawing, and then lift it up. It turns out two drawings. Sometimes the image remains on cellophane, sometimes on paper.
DRAWING ON WET PAPER
Until recently, it was believed that you can only draw on dry paper, because the paint is sufficiently diluted with water. But there are a number of objects, plots, images that are better to draw on wet paper. We need ambiguity, vagueness, for example, if the child wants to depict the following topics: "City in the fog", "I had dreams", "It's raining", "Night city", "Flowers behind the curtain", etc. You need to teach a preschooler to make the paper a little wet. If the paper is too wet, the drawing may not work. Therefore, it is recommended to soak a ball of cotton wool in clean water, wring it out and draw it either over the entire sheet of paper, or (if required) only over a separate part. And the paper is ready to produce vague images.
FABRIC IMAGES
We collect the remnants of fabrics of various patterns and different qualities in a bag. Useful, as they say, and chintz, and brocade. It is very important to show with concrete examples how the drawing on the fabric, as well as its dressing, can help to depict something very brightly and at the same time easily in the plot. Let's give some examples. So, on one of the fabrics flowers are depicted. They are cut out along the contour, glued (only with a paste or other good glue), and then they paint on a table or a vase. It turns out a capacious colorful image. There are fabrics that can serve well as a house or the body of an animal, or a beautiful umbrella, or a hat for a doll, or a handbag.
VOLUME APPLICATION
Obviously, children love to do appliqué: cut something and stick it on, getting a lot of pleasure from the process itself. And you need to create all the conditions for them. Along with a planar application, teach them how to make a three-dimensional one: a three-dimensional one is better perceived by a preschooler and more realistically reflects the world around them. In order to obtain such an image, it is necessary to wrinkle applicative colored paper in children's hands, then slightly straighten it and cut out the required shape. After that, just stick it on and, if necessary, finish the individual details with a pencil or felt-tip pen. Make, for example, a turtle beloved by children. Remember the brown paper, flatten it slightly, cut out an oval shape and stick it on, then paint on the head and legs.
DRAW WITH THE HELP OF POSTCARDS
In fact, almost every house has a lot of old postcards. Go through old postcards with the children, teach them to cut out the necessary images and stick them to the place, into the plot. A bright factory image of objects and phenomena will give even the simplest unpretentious drawing a completely artistic design. How can a three-, four- and even five-year-old child draw a dog and a beetle? No. But to the dog and the bug, he will add the sun, the rain, and he will be very happy. Or if, together with the children, cut out from a postcard and stick on a fairy-tale house with a grandmother in the window, then a preschooler, guided by his imagination, knowledge of fairy tales and visual skills, will undoubtedly draw something for him.
LEARNING TO MAKE A BACKGROUND
Usually children draw on white paper. So you can see it more clearly. So faster. But some scenes require a background. And, I must say, all children's work looks better against a background made in advance. Many children make the background with a brush, moreover, an ordinary, small one. Although there is a simple and reliable way: make the background with cotton wool or a piece of foam rubber soaked in water and paint.
This manual presents summaries of exciting drawing classes with children 4-5 years old. Classes contribute to the development of emotional responsiveness, fostering a sense of beauty; the development of imagination, independence, perseverance, accuracy, diligence, the ability to bring work to the end; the formation of skills in drawing.
The book is addressed to teachers of preschool educational institutions, tutors and parents.
Daria Nikolaevna Koldina
Drawing with children 4-5 years old. Lesson notes
From the author
Visual activity (drawing, modeling and application) is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, associated with the independent practical and creative activities of the child.
Teaching visual activity in preschool age involves the solution of two main tasks:
Awaken in children a positive emotional responsiveness to the world around them, to their native nature, to life events;
Develop art skills and abilities in children.
In the process of visual activity, preschoolers improve observation, aesthetic perception and emotions, artistic taste, and creative abilities.
It is also desirable to introduce preschoolers to non-traditional drawing techniques, which can also become means of expression. Therefore, in this book we provide abstracts of exciting activities in drawing with gouache and watercolor paints, colored pencils and wax crayons in traditional and non-traditional ways.
Classes are compiled according to the thematic principle: one topic unites all classes (on the outside world, on the development of speech, on modeling, on applications, on drawing) during the week.
Drawing classes for children 4–5 years old are held once a week; the duration of the lesson is 15–20 minutes. The manual contains 36 abstracts of complex classes designed for the academic year (from September to May).
Read the outline of the lesson carefully in advance and, if something does not suit you, make changes. Prepare the necessary material and equipment. Preliminary work before the lesson is also important (reading a work of art, familiarizing yourself with the surrounding phenomena, examining drawings and paintings). It is advisable to conduct a drawing lesson after the children have already sculpted and completed the application on this topic.
Drawing lessons are built according to the following approximate plan:
Creation of interest and emotional mood (surprise moments, poems, riddles, songs, nursery rhymes, acquaintance with works of fine art, a reminder of what has been seen before, a fairy-tale character in need of help, dramatization games, exercises for the development of memory, attention and thinking; outdoor game );
The work process begins with examining and feeling the depicted object, the teacher's advice and the children's suggestions for doing the work, in some cases showing the image techniques on a separate sheet. Next, the children begin to create works. The teacher can show the children a successfully started drawing, direct the actions of children in need of support and help. When finalizing the drawing with additional elements, it is necessary to draw the attention of children to expressive means (correctly selected necessary colors and interesting details);
Consideration of the received work (only a positive assessment is given to children's drawings). Children should rejoice at the result and learn to evaluate their own work and the work of other children, notice new and interesting solutions, and see similarities with nature.
Children 4-5 years old are consciously approaching the process of drawing and strive to achieve the desired result. Their drawings usually depict single objects. Children draw the object in parts - first the largest parts, then smaller ones and some characteristic details. The guys gradually begin to combine several objects in one drawing, creating a plot composition; learn to match colors. They develop a strong skill in the correct use of a pencil and brush.
For drawing classes you will need: drawing paper and watercolor paper, gouache paints, watercolors, simple pencils, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, soft and hard brushes, cotton buds, glasses of water, wide bowls for diluting gouache, palettes, oilcloths-linings, rags.
Let us list some properties of visual materials.
Gouache gives a durable opaque layer, as it dries, you can apply one layer to another. Gouache paints are slightly diluted with water to pick up paint on the bristle of the brush. To obtain a new color, you need to mix the primary colors, and to obtain lighter tones, white is added to the paints. Gouache can be painted on white and colored paper.
watercolor - gentle, light, transparent colors. Watercolor paints, like gouache paints, can be mixed to create a new color. A lighter tone is obtained by diluting the paint with water. For watercolor painting, children should be given special, rough watercolor paper.
Colour pencils have thick rods, which include fatty particles. Their greasy, shiny traces are firmly connected to any paper. When drawing, you need to evenly press on the pencil, put strokes in one direction, without gaps and dark spots. Do not use colored pencils to paint over large areas. It is advisable to draw them on half of the landscape sheet.
felt-tip pens filled with special inks. They give a bright, juicy color. It is easier for children to draw with felt-tip pens than with pencils, because felt-tip pens easily leave a mark on paper, but when drawing with felt-tip pens, you cannot get shades of color. It is advisable to draw with felt-tip pens on drawing paper.
Wax crayons have saturated, bright colors, they can paint over the surface much faster than colored pencils. By changing the pressure, you can get different tones of the same color. Wax crayons are suitable for drawing on paper, cardboard, glass and metal.
Estimated skills and abilities of the child by the age of five:
Shows interest in drawing with different materials and methods;
Able to draw simple objects.
Has ideas about the shape of objects (round, oval, square, rectangular, triangular), size, location of their parts;
Able to create a simple plot composition from repetitive and different objects;
Creates a plot composition from objects, adding various objects to them (sun, rain, snow);
Places the plot on the entire sheet of paper;
This manual presents summaries of exciting drawing classes with children 4-5 years old. Classes contribute to the development of emotional responsiveness, fostering a sense of beauty; the development of imagination, independence, perseverance, accuracy, diligence, the ability to bring work to the end; the formation of skills in drawing.
The book is addressed to teachers of preschool educational institutions, tutors and parents.
Daria Nikolaevna Koldina
Drawing with children 4-5 years old. Lesson notes
From the author
Visual activity (drawing, modeling and application) is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, associated with the independent practical and creative activities of the child.
Teaching visual activity in preschool age involves the solution of two main tasks:
Awaken in children a positive emotional responsiveness to the world around them, to their native nature, to life events;
Develop art skills and abilities in children.
In the process of visual activity, preschoolers improve observation, aesthetic perception and emotions, artistic taste, and creative abilities.
It is also desirable to introduce preschoolers to non-traditional drawing techniques, which can also become means of expression. Therefore, in this book we provide abstracts of exciting activities in drawing with gouache and watercolor paints, colored pencils and wax crayons in traditional and non-traditional ways.
Classes are compiled according to the thematic principle: one topic unites all classes (on the outside world, on the development of speech, on modeling, on applications, on drawing) during the week.
Drawing classes for children 4–5 years old are held once a week; the duration of the lesson is 15–20 minutes. The manual contains 36 abstracts of complex classes designed for the academic year (from September to May).
Read the outline of the lesson carefully in advance and, if something does not suit you, make changes. Prepare the necessary material and equipment. Preliminary work before the lesson is also important (reading a work of art, familiarizing yourself with the surrounding phenomena, examining drawings and paintings). It is advisable to conduct a drawing lesson after the children have already sculpted and completed the application on this topic.
Drawing lessons are built according to the following approximate plan:
Creation of interest and emotional mood (surprise moments, poems, riddles, songs, nursery rhymes, acquaintance with works of fine art, a reminder of what has been seen before, a fairy-tale character in need of help, dramatization games, exercises for the development of memory, attention and thinking; outdoor game );
The work process begins with examining and feeling the depicted object, the teacher's advice and the children's suggestions for doing the work, in some cases showing the image techniques on a separate sheet. Next, the children begin to create works. The teacher can show the children a successfully started drawing, direct the actions of children in need of support and help. When finalizing the drawing with additional elements, it is necessary to draw the attention of children to expressive means (correctly selected necessary colors and interesting details);
Consideration of the received work (only a positive assessment is given to children's drawings). Children should rejoice at the result and learn to evaluate their own work and the work of other children, notice new and interesting solutions, and see similarities with nature.
Children 4-5 years old are consciously approaching the process of drawing and strive to achieve the desired result. Their drawings usually depict single objects. Children draw the object in parts - first the largest parts, then smaller ones and some characteristic details. The guys gradually begin to combine several objects in one drawing, creating a plot composition; learn to match colors. They develop a strong skill in the correct use of a pencil and brush.
For drawing classes you will need: drawing paper and watercolor paper, gouache paints, watercolors, simple pencils, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, soft and hard brushes, cotton buds, glasses of water, wide bowls for diluting gouache, palettes, oilcloths-linings, rags.
Let us list some properties of visual materials.
Gouache gives a durable opaque layer, as it dries, you can apply one layer to another. Gouache paints are slightly diluted with water to pick up paint on the bristle of the brush. To obtain a new color, you need to mix the primary colors, and to obtain lighter tones, white is added to the paints. Gouache can be painted on white and colored paper.
watercolor - gentle, light, transparent colors. Watercolor paints, like gouache paints, can be mixed to create a new color. A lighter tone is obtained by diluting the paint with water. For watercolor painting, children should be given special, rough watercolor paper.
Colour pencils have thick rods, which include fatty particles. Their greasy, shiny traces are firmly connected to any paper. When drawing, you need to evenly press on the pencil, put strokes in one direction, without gaps and dark spots. Do not use colored pencils to paint over large areas. It is advisable to draw them on half of the landscape sheet.
felt-tip pens filled with special inks. They give a bright, juicy color. It is easier for children to draw with felt-tip pens than with pencils, because felt-tip pens easily leave a mark on paper, but when drawing with felt-tip pens, you cannot get shades of color. It is advisable to draw with felt-tip pens on drawing paper.
Wax crayons have saturated, bright colors, they can paint over the surface much faster than colored pencils. By changing the pressure, you can get different tones of the same color. Wax crayons are suitable for drawing on paper, cardboard, glass and metal.
Estimated skills and abilities of the child by the age of five:
Shows interest in drawing with different materials and methods;
Able to draw simple objects.
Has ideas about the shape of objects (round, oval, square, rectangular, triangular), size, location of their parts;
Able to create a simple plot composition from repetitive and different objects;
Creates a plot composition from objects, adding various objects to them (sun, rain, snow);
Places the plot on the entire sheet of paper;
