Publication date: 12/26/2016
A block of arguments that are useful for composing the exam, which reflect:
Family relationship problem
The problem of misunderstanding in the family
The problem of neglecting family ties
The problem of conflict between relatives
The problem of the importance of the family
Possible theses:
Family ties are the strongest, the family is the highest value for a person, and he is ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of his relatives.
Often people neglect family for their own interests.
V. I. Amlinsky novel "The Return of the Brother"
In Brother's Return, Amlinsky demonstrates the boy's unconditional love for his older brother, whom he has never seen before. It was difficult for Ivan, who had served twelve years in a colony, to get used to a new life. The guy did not live up to the expectations of little Serezha, who was looking forward to the return of his brother, hoping that they would become friends. But the boy did not turn away from Vanya and helped him get on the right path in life.
N. V. Gogol story "Taras Bulba"
Confirmation that the family for a person can fade into the background can be found on the pages of Gogol's famous story "Taras Bulba". So, Andriy, the youngest son of Taras, fell in love with a Pole, a girl from the enemy side. The hero could not watch how, together with the Poles, the beauty who won his heart was suffering from hunger. But helping her meant betraying her own. Love turned out to be more important than family ties, Andriy renounced his father and older brother and went over to the side of the enemy.
For Taras Bulba, the hero of Gogol's story of the same name, camaraderie and devotion to the motherland were more important than family. The old Cossack despised all traitors equally, even if it turned out to be a close person. When Andriy, in love with a Pole, went over to the side of the enemy, Taras could not come to terms with this. When meeting with his son, the angry father killed his own son for betrayal, and his hand did not flinch at this difficult moment.
F. M. Dostoevsky novel "Crime and Punishment"
The problem of family relationships can also be traced in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Dunyasha Raskolnikova loved her brother very much and was ready to sacrifice herself for his well-being. First, the girl got a job in the Svidrigailovs' house in order to send money to Rodion, where she had to endure the harassment of the landowner. And then she decided to marry the unloved but rich Luzhin, in the hope that he would help pay for her brother's education.
Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" describes self-sacrifice for the sake of the family. Sonya Marmeladova lived with her father, stepmother and stepbrothers and sisters. The family was in dire need, the children were starving, and the father was drunk. In order to somehow help her relatives, the believing Sonya violated the commandment “do not commit adultery”, deciding to sleep with men for money, which was a very difficult step for her. The act of this girl is a vivid example of the willingness to sacrifice herself and give up her own principles for the sake of the family.
B. L. Vasiliev novel “Do not shoot white swans”
In Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot the White Swans" there is a disregard for family ties. When Buryanov was removed from the post of forester for abuse of authority and his cousin Yegor Polushkin was appointed in his place, the envious man lured the relative into a trap and beat him along with his accomplices, after which the main character died in the hospital.
We have analyzed many texts for preparing for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language and identified common patterns in the formation of problems. For each of them, we have selected examples from the literature. All of them are available for download in table format, link at the end of the article.
- For a loved one, it doesn’t matter how you look, how you behave, he will love you, no matter what. Mother's love is a great force. In the work D. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara" Alya, having learned about her daughter's terrible diagnosis, does not refuse her. On the contrary, a loving mother spends all her energy for the good of her child. Together they go through many hardships. Alone, left without a husband, Bukhara quits her job and gets a job at a school for retarded children in order to always be with Milochka. Alya soon falls ill and knows that it is fatal. However, she tries during this time to have time to arrange her daughter's life in the best possible way and does not calm down until Mila gets married. Only in her happiness does she find peace.
- Children are the most precious thing a woman has. Therefore, mother's love is omnipotent. Losing a child is the worst tragedy in a parent's life. In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" the grief of a woman who lost her son in the war is shown. Countess Rostova learns about the death of her beloved Petya and seems to lose her mind after that. Her heart foresaw the tragedy, she did not want to let her son go to work. But, due to his youthful years, Petya did not know what war was. He dreamed of becoming a hero. However, that was not destined to come true, and he dies in the first battle. Having received terrible news, the countess locks herself in a room, screams and calls her son. Her life is no longer important. In a month spent in this sorrow, a once beautiful woman becomes an old woman. And only by the efforts of her daughter does she leave the room. However, without her son, her life would never be the same.
The role of a mother in a child's life
- "Mom" is the first word that almost every child says. But not everyone is lucky to feel the caress and care of the one whom they so wanted to call to themselves. Main character poems by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri" was taken out of the house as a child. He knew that somewhere far away he had a family, he remembered how his mother nursed him. But the war deprived him of all this. The Russian officer took him away, but left him in the monastery when he was afraid that the prisoner would die without surviving the difficult road. Trying to fill the void in his heart, the grown-up Mtsyri escapes from his cold dungeon. He dreams of finding relatives, finally feeling warmth and care. However, realizing that the past cannot be returned, he dies. And yet, it was the memory of the parental home that made the young man know himself and rebel against the slow torture - imprisonment in the monastery walls. He gratefully accepts death, because life in slavery is much worse. The young man made this leap to freedom only through the power of remembering his origin, his family, his mother.
- Mother cannot be replaced. Just as you cannot give the same love that your loved one gives you. Yes, in the story Mark Twain "The Adventures of Tom Sauer" we see the life of a boy left without a mother. Yes, he is raised by his aunt. However, she will never be able to perceive Tom as her son, and the boy feels it. He runs away from home on purpose. The lack of maternal love also affects his character: a tomboy who does not feel cared for and is not ready to work for someone.
- The main character of the story E. Karpova "My name is Ivan" could not understand the power of mother's love in time. Seeds is wounded in the war, and after such a terrible event, he decides not to return home. Aged, blind and infirm, he tries to live out his warped life. Accidentally recognizing him by his voice on the train, Semyon's mother will rush to him, but he will push away the once dear woman and call himself by a different name. Only after a while, he realizes what happened. However, it will be too late. Only standing on the grave of his mother, he understands everything.
- Sometimes we realize the importance of a mother in our lives too late. I find confirmation of my thought in the work of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The main character, Katerina Petrovna, has not seen her daughter for three years. Her mother wrote letters to her and dreamed of meeting her again. Nastya lived her own life, sometimes sent "dry" letters and some money. But Katerina Petrovna was glad of that too. Before her death, she still dreamed of seeing her daughter for the last time. But this was not destined to come true. Nastya learned about the poor condition of her mother only from Tikhon's telegram. However, it was already too late. The woman was buried by completely different people. And only at the grave of her mother Nastya realized that she had lost the most dear person in the world, without expressing her gratitude.
- We must respect and appreciate what mothers do for us. They are always on our side and give us all their love. This is understood by the great poet S.A. Yesenin. In a poem "Mother's Letter" he refers to his "old lady" affectionately. The son wants to protect his own woman, who is worried about rumors and news about his bad behavior. He approaches this conversation with caution and with all care assures that there is nothing to worry about. He asks not to stir up the past and not to be sad about it so much. Yesenin understands that it is not easy for a mother to accept when evil things are said about her child. And yet he tries to assure his mother that everything will be fine.
- It is a joy for a mother to see her child happy. After all, it is she who is partially responsible for his fate. In a poem A. Pavlov-Bessonovsky "Thank you, Mom" The author understands how important a mother is in life. He begins his work with words of gratitude for life, for warmth and comfort, for love. The poet is so filled with a sense of gratitude that a distinct “thank you” is heard through every line of the poem.
- The upbringing of parents often affects the future fate of the child. Mom plays a very important role here. In comedy D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" readers see an example where the mother's excessive love harms the son's future. Mitrofan is a kind of adult child. He is lazy, rude and selfish. The hero does not see the benefit in communicating politely with other people. The upbringing of the mother, who always indulged her son in everything, played a big role in this. She never forced him to do something, always protected him from danger, encouraged any of his undertakings. However, in the end, such an overly loving attitude turned against Mrs. Prostakova. At the end of the play, the boy abandons his own mother and pushes her away.
Child's ingratitude
Love for mother
Excessive motherly love
Family problems. The role of childhood in human life. The role of parents in education. Problems of child poverty and suffering. The role of the family in the formation of personality. Family relationships. Blind parental love. Home as the basis of an emerging personality. The role of mother in education. Love for rollers. The relationship between fathers and children. The continuity of generations
I. A. Goncharov novel "Oblomov". Little Ilyusha in childhood was overprotected by his mother and nannies, fearing for the child. He was protected from possible and impossible dangers, was not allowed to independently learn life and gain his own experience. Growing up, Ilya Ilyich was afraid to live, postponing all things "for tomorrow."
The story of V.
A. Astafieva "Lyudochka". Lyudochka, after violence was committed against her in the city, came to her native village to her mother in order to restore peace of mind and receive maternal support. But her mother, although she guessed what happened to her daughter, did not help her survive this terrible period, cope with what had fallen on her, believing that Lyudochka should do it on her own, that she should get used to this. The little girl couldn't. But most likely, simple words of comfort and support from the mother could prevent such an outcome, save the daughter from sin.
Blind parental love. A. Aleksin story "Mad Evdokia". Olya, the only daughter of passionately loving parents, is convinced of her own exclusivity. The father and mother do not notice the daughter's neglect of her friend and consider the teacher Evdokia crazy in her desire to introduce the children to life in a team, the ability to appreciate each other. When Olya arbitrarily leaves the tour, the grief of her parents cannot be expressed in words. The irreparable happens because of the thoughtless act of a spoiled girl.
Blind parental love. A. S. Makarenko "Book for parents". Parents love their only son Victor immensely. However, he grows up as a cold, prudent young man who indifferently brushes aside his seriously ill father. Parents are horrified to realize their mistake in raising their son when Victor refuses to buy medicine for his father, as he is late for the theater.
Roman V. Hugo "Les Misérables". Cosette becomes the meaning of life for the protagonist Jean Valjean. In her he finds a woman-daughter, a woman-mother, a woman-sister - all that he never knew. When Cosette marries, the Hero dies of grief: he has nothing else to live for.
The story of F. M. Dostoevsky "The Boy at Christ on the Christmas Tree". A beggar child whose mother dies on Christmas Eve is forced to wander the streets. He looks into the windows of smart houses, everywhere there is a holiday, treats, fun, only he alone has nowhere to go and nothing to eat. The child is dying of cold, huddled in some dark and cold corner.
- Misunderstanding between generations arises due to the difference in worldviews
- Parents' advice means a lot to children
- A person's attitude towards his parents can be judged on his moral qualities.
- Not taking care of your parents is betraying them
- Parents are not always kind to their children.
- Many are ready to sacrifice the most precious thing for the sake of their children being happy.
- The right relationship between children and parents is built on love, care, support.
- Sometimes a truly close person becomes not the one who gave birth, but the one who raised
Arguments
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". In this work, we see the real one. The generation of “fathers” includes Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Young people hold the same views: they say that they are nihilists - people who deny conventional values. The older generation does not understand them. The conflict comes to fierce disputes and a duel between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Gradually, Arkady Kirsanov realizes that his values do not coincide with the teachings of Bazarov, and returns to the family.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Ostap and Andriy, the father not only wants to give a decent education, but also to make them real warriors defending their homeland. Taras Bulba cannot forgive Andriy for his betrayal (he goes over to the side of the enemy because of his love for the Pole). Despite the seemingly paternal love, he kills his son. Taras Bulba is proud of Ostap, the eldest son, who fights the enemy selflessly, with all his might.
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". The source of happiness for Famusov is money. He loves his daughter Sophia, wishes her all the best, so he accustoms the girl only to thoughts of financial well-being. Sofya Famusova is alien to such views, she diligently hides her feelings from her father, because she knows that she will not be supported. Things are completely different with Molchalin, whom his father taught to seek profit always and everywhere: he follows this principle in everything. Parents, wishing to ensure the happiness of their children, passed on their views on life to them. The problem is that these very views are wrong.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to the service, said a very important and correct thing: “Take care of your shirt again, and honor from a young age.” The father's words became the most important moral guide for the young man. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was really important for him not to betray his father and Motherland. This example is a clear confirmation that the instructions of parents help the child learn the most important moral values.
A.S. Pushkin "The Stationmaster". Dunya committed an immoral act: she ran away from her parents' house with Minsky, who stopped at their station. Her father, Samson Vyrin, could not live without his daughter: he decided to go to St. Petersburg on foot to find Dunya. Once he was lucky to see a girl, but Minsky drove the old man away. After a while, the narrator learned that the caretaker had died, and Dunya, who had betrayed him, came to the grave with three bars and lay there for a long time.
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who lives in Leningrad with a very bright, eventful life. Only the girl completely forgot about her old mother, she did not even try to find time to visit her. Even Katerina Petrova's letter that she has become very ill, Nastya does not take it seriously and does not consider the possibility of immediately going to her. Only the news that her mother is dying evokes feelings in the girl: Nastya understands that no one loved her as much as Katerina Petrovna. The girl goes to her mother, but no longer finds her alive, so she feels guilty before the person dearest to her.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Rodion Raskolnikov sincerely loves his mother and sister. Speaking about the motives for the murder of the old pawnbroker, he says that he really wanted to help his mother. The hero tried to get out of eternal poverty, trouble. Pawning the watch, he remembers with trepidation his father, who owned the thing.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". In the work, we see several families whose life is based on completely different moral principles. Prince Vasily Kuragin is an immoral man, ready to go to any meanness for the sake of money. His children are guided by exactly the same principles: Helen marries Pierre Bezukhov in order to receive part of a huge inheritance, Anatole tries to run away with Natasha Rostova. The Rostovs have a completely different atmosphere: they enjoy nature, hunting, and holidays. Both parents and children are kind, sympathetic people, incapable of meanness. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky brings up his children in severity, but this severity is good for them. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are moral people, true patriots, like their father. We see that there is a close relationship between parents and children. The worldview of children depends on the worldview of parents.
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". In the Kabanikh family, relationships are built on fear, cruelty, and hypocrisy. Her daughter Varvara has perfectly learned to lie, which she also wants to teach Katerina. Son Tikhon is forced to obey his mother unquestioningly in everything. All this leads to terrible consequences: Katerina decides to commit suicide, Varvara runs away from home, and Tikhon decides to “revolt” against Kabanikha.
A. Aleksin “Division of property”. Verochka was raised by her grandmother Anisya: she literally put the child, who had suffered a severe birth injury, on her feet. The girl calls her grandmother her mother, which causes dissatisfaction with the real mother. The conflict gradually escalates and ends with a court in which property is divided. Most of all, Verochka is struck by the fact that her parents turned out to be such callous, ungrateful people. The girl is going through a difficult situation, she writes a note to her parents, where she defines herself as property that should go to her grandmother.
Sofia Famusova, who grew up in an atmosphere of lies and deceit, carefully hides her feelings from her father, realizing that he will not allow the development of relations with Molchalin. He does everything against his father. Molchalin, on the contrary, is true to his moral (or immoral) creed, builds his life, as his father bequeathed: to please all people without exception. Griboyedov gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the future of both heroes.
2. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
The upbringing of Petrusha Grinev remains outside the pages of the text, but the main thing that the young nobleman took out of communication with his father (a strict and demanding person) was the need to be true to his word, cherish honor, and observe the laws of morality. He does this in all life situations. Even when the father forbids marrying his beloved Masha Mironova, he accepts his will as a mandatory requirement.
3. N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
From childhood memories of Chichikov, the image of a gloomy, unkind, cruel father and his instructions on the need to save and save a penny, the only idol in the life of Pavel Ivanovich, emerges. Chichikov builds his life according to the precepts of his father and succeeds in many ways.
4. A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
The relationship between mother and children in the Kabanov family is based on fear and hypocrisy. Barbara is used to lying and is trying to teach this to Katerina. But the brother's wife had other relations in the family, she does not accept the hypocrisy of her mother-in-law and fights with her with her own means. The finale of such upbringing is predictable: Varvara runs away from home, Katerina passes away voluntarily, Tikhon rebels against his mother.
5. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
The "children" in the novel - Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov - at the beginning of the story act as a united front against the "fathers" represented by Uncle Arkady - Pavel Petrovich. Nikolai Petrovich does not resist the bold and daring statements of his son and his friend. And act wisely and far-sightedly. Gradually, many discrepancies in the behavior of his friend are revealed to Arkady, and he returns to the bosom of the family. And Bazarov, who so easily criticizes the "romanticism" of the Kirsanovs, is absolutely reverent about his father's similar behavior, because he loves his parents and takes care of them.
6. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Several families are represented in the novel, in each relationship they are built on certain principles. In the Kuragin family, this is the principle of profit and profit. Both the father and his children agree to any relationship, as long as they are profitable, this is how marriages are made. The Drubetsky family is guided by the same principle: humiliation, servility is their tool in achieving their goal. Rostovs live as they breathe: they enjoy friends, holidays, hunting - everything that adorns our life. Father and mother in everything try to be honest with children and each other. Benefits are not important to them. Practically ruining her family and herself, Natasha demands to give up the carts for the wounded, the only way a true patriot and a merciful person can do. And the mother agrees with her daughter. The relationship between father and daughter Bolkonsky is similar. And although it seems that the father is too strict and intolerant towards his daughter, in fact, he understands too well the difficulties of the future life of his daughter. Therefore, Princess Mary herself refuses Anatole Kuragin, realizing how right her father is.
7. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
Rodion Raskolnikov, explaining the reason for the murder of the old pawnbroker, says that he wanted to help his mother. In fact, he is very kind to his mother, trying to break out of the vicious circle of poverty. With trembling and excitement, he recalls his father, from whom he was left with a watch (mortgaged to an old pawnbroker). The mother does not fully believe in the crime of her beloved Rodi.
8. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"
In the play, Anya's daughter, a seventeen-year-old girl, goes after her prodigal mother, who was lost somewhere in Paris, in order to return her to the bosom of the family, to solve problems with the estate. Ranevskaya behaves naively and stupidly. Common sense is endowed only with Varya, the adopted daughter of the same Ranevskaya. When Lyubov Andreevna gives gold to a passing beggar, Varya cannot stand it and says that there is nothing in the house, and the lady scatters such money. Having lost everything, Ranevskaya leaves for Paris and takes away her aunt's money, and leaves her daughters to the mercy of fate. The girl Anya is going to the capital, and it is not clear how her life will turn out, where she will take money for life. Varya goes into housekeeping. Fathers and children change places here.
9. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"
In the Melekhov family, everything rests on the power of the father. And when Panteley Prokofievich finds out about Grigory's connection with Aksinya, he decides to marry his son to Natalya. Gregory obeys the will of his father. But, realizing that he does not love his wife, he gives up everything and goes with Aksinya to work. He agrees to shame in the name of love. But time destroys everything in the world, and the house of the Melekhovs, the foundations of Cossack life, is crumbling. And soon no one obeys the laws of life, everyone lives as they want. Daria steps on her father-in-law with an obscene proposal, and Dunyashka puts her mother in a stalemate and literally forces her to bless her marriage to Mishka Koshev.
10. B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was a war”
The story focuses on two families of Iskra Polyakova and Vika Lyuberetskaya. Iskra's mother is a woman commissar, strong-willed, domineering, strict. But when the mother once again decides to flog her daughter with her soldier's belt, she answers in the spirit of her mother - just as strictly and irrevocably. And the mother understands that the girl has matured. Vika has a completely different relationship with her father - warm and trusting. When a girl faces a choice: to abandon her father or be expelled from the Komsomol, Vika decides to die. She cannot abandon her beloved father, no matter what suspicions lie on him.
