Next in line is the study of hands and arms. Today we will look at the basic structure of the hand, as well as where to start hand drawing practice.
The structure of the arms and hands
The bone of the upper arm is called shoulder bone. Bones forearms consist of the ulna and radius. The bones of the upper part and forearm are connected by the elbow joint as a hinge.
Both ends of the ulna are directly visible under the skin at the elbow and at the outer edge of the wrist. The radius, which joins the humerus also at the elbow joint, can rotate around the ulna for almost 360 degrees. This rotation does not depend on the elbow joint or wrist, but occurs within the forearm itself.
Major muscles of the shoulder are biceps on the front surface and triceps on the back. They control the bend of the arm at the elbow.
Wrist controls all movements except rotation - that is, back and forth and from side to side. It is made up of eight small bones, known as the bones of the wrist, arranged in two transverse rows.
brushes consist of metacarpal bones and phalanges. On the back of the hand, bone and muscle structures are located just under the skin. And on the palm there is a thick layer of protective fabric that acts as a padding.
How to draw hands?
There are entire books on the subject. hand drawing. Despite the fact that the hands are made up of a large number of small bones with accompanying muscles, ligaments, and tendons, human hands are remarkably flexible and versatile.
The best way to start learning is make drawings of your hands using a mirror. To learn how to draw hands well, you will have to do a lot of research from life.
Imagine palm like a flat square shape with a curved outer edge from which four fingers emerge, and form a thumb from a flexible wedge-shaped shape that emerges from one side of the palm.
Practical task
Hands are hard to draw. Start your practice of drawing hands by redrawing sketches of arms and hands in various positions, and then move on to drawing from nature. Make sketches of male, female, children's hands and the hands of old people. The more sketches, the better.
The following materials were used in the article:
- Ron Tiner "Figure Drawing without a model";
- Loomis E. Nude. Drawing guide.
In this lesson, I suggest you draw a hand in its classic position - unclenched fingers, palm down. Perhaps you need to draw a hand clenched into a fist or a hand with the palm up. Or draw connecting hands, as in the background image. In any case, this lesson will help you draw hands. Drawing a hand is very convenient, because with one hand you draw, and with the other you can sketch. First, study your hand carefully, pay attention to the length of the fingers, all proportions. You can even outline the outline of the hand if you are going to draw it in full size.
1. Marking the contour of the hand
Indeed, if you need draw a hand on the whole sheet of paper, it is easier to outline the outline of your hand, and then, using some of the tips from this lesson, just add small details. If you need to draw a hand on a reduced scale, then first put two points for the wrist and five points for the fingers. Please note that not the index, but the middle finger on the hand is the longest.
2. Straight contour lines of the fingers
The length of the fingers is different. They say musicians have very long fingers. The nobles believed that long and delicate fingers emphasize aristocratic origin. Maybe, but we will draw a regular hand, so divide the segment where the little finger will be in half, and draw a line from it, parallel to the points outlined earlier. For the thumb, draw a rectangular outline.
3. Draw the real contours of the fingers
At this stage, you only need to trace the straight contours of the fingers with a pencil and give them real shapes. Perhaps these preliminary contours will be inaccurate, then the shape of each finger can be refined separately.
4. General shape of the hand
At this step, you can correct the contours of the fingers. Make a deeper "angle" for the thumb, but you can leave the original outline, at your discretion. Make a markup of the phalanxes and remove extra contour lines from the drawing.
5. The drawing is almost finished
First of all, draw nails on the fingers. Highlight the joints of the fingers with a few strokes and you can say hand drawing finished. It remains only to draw a few details in the next step.
6. How to draw a hand. Shadows
In humans, the knuckles of the hands have "wrinkles" or folds that stretch when the fingers are squeezed, make these areas darker. There is an area between the fingers that also needs to be highlighted. To make the hand look voluminous in the figure, you can make some of the contour lines darker and thicker. In this case, decide on which side the light source will be. It may seem that draw a hand quite easy. Try to draw, and then compare your hand with the resulting drawing.
Let's try to draw a hockey player in motion step by step, with a stick and a puck. You may even be able to draw your favorite hockey player or goalkeeper.
This lesson is designed for those who already know how to draw well, since drawing a person is not easy. Drawing a picture of a dancing ballerina is especially difficult, because in the drawing you need to convey not only the grace of human movements, but also the grace of ballet dance.
When drawing a person, you should see the entire future image from the intended lines, and you just have to draw them. It is important not only to accurately "maintain" the proportions of these lines in the drawing, but to accurately draw hands, eyes, lips. They convey the mood and character of a person.
Portraits are the most difficult form of fine art. Learning how to draw a portrait, even with a simple pencil, requires not only time for learning, but also talent.
Human eyes are the most attractive and main part of a person's face. Since this element of the portrait attracts the most attention, it must be drawn very precisely. In this lesson we will learn how to draw a person's eyes with a pencil in stages.
The nose of each person has unique features, so it is impossible to give accurate advice on how to draw the nose of a girl, child or man. You can only make an abstract or as they say "academic" drawing of the nose. It is this version of the drawing of the nose that I propose to draw for you.
It is necessary to develop and bring to perfection any skill, even having a talent from birth, you need to constantly develop and hone it.
That absolutely everyone can learn to draw, and we hope that you have already begun to implement our tips. Today we want to touch on another “sore” topic for novice artists, namely, drawing such complex body parts as hands, feet and, of course, eyes. As a rule, these parts of the body are always the most difficult to draw and that is why it is worth giving them a little more of your time and attention when you learn to draw.
How to draw hands
A few basic rules:
1. It is necessary to practice drawing the palm in different positions. The same principle works here as everywhere else - Practice, practice and more practice.
2. Children's palms are thicker than fingers.
3. The female palm is thinner and more elegant.
4. To make the palm more masculine, add some angularity to it.
5. On the palms of older people, we put more emphasis on the knuckles and draw more wrinkled skin.
To begin with, we need to understand a little the anatomy of the palm. Take a close look at your hands. Your main goal is not to remember what is called, what part of the brush, study the proportions and shapes. Please note that the phalanges of the fingers are not in the same line, and the fingers cannot be perfectly even and are always tilted to one side.
The index, middle, ring and little fingers are quite closely related and cannot be far apart, while the thumb has a fairly wide range of motion.
Try tracing your hand and filling in the outline with details. This will help you get a little better idea of what the palm should look like in the drawing.
Before you start drawing a hand, first of all, you should outline its overall size and the points where the ends of the fingers will be located. Only after that the sketch is divided into several parts.
When drawing hands, there are generally accepted proportions. For example, the length of the palm is equal to the length of the index finger multiplied by 2. The index finger is equal to the ring finger, sometimes the ring finger can be slightly longer than the index finger. The little finger reaches the top phalanx of the ring finger.
The nail should occupy half of the phalanx. Women's nails are drawn more rounded, while men's nails are more square.
If you find it difficult to draw fingers, imagine that the phalanges are cylinders connected to each other.
Don't forget to add shadows to make the hand more realistic.
Starting to draw, first try simpler options, for example, an open or unfolded palm. Gradually complicate the task, for example, by drawing a hand folded into a fist.
How to draw feet
As in the first case, before drawing, you must carefully study the anatomy of the foot.
The structure of the hands and feet are somewhat similar to each other, however, the proportions will differ.
The length of the foot is usually equal to the length of the head of the person you are drawing. The foot consists of two parts - the heel and metatarsus (the part that is connected to the fingers). The top of the foot rises to the top. The bone that is outside is always lower than the inside. The lower part of the foot has a curve, it is not drawn flat. The thumb is always drawn parallel to the ground, and all the others will be lowered to the ground.
Another note, if you draw the foot from above, then the toes will be longer than in the drawing of the foot from below.
The lower part of the nail is at half of the upper joint, the width of the nail is longer than its height. The thumb is the width of two second fingers.
How to draw eyes
If your goal, of course, is the ability to draw portraits, then the eyes will have to devote a lot of time. Look - what first of all needs to be conveyed by drawing eyes.
The first step is to draw the shape of the eye. In the future, when drawing portraits, this step will have to be given quite a lot of time, since an incorrectly shown shape will ruin your entire drawing.
After that outline the cornea. Immediately apply highlights to the pupil. Don't miss any of the little things you see. The iris of the eye should not be completely round. From below and from above it is cut off by a century. The iris that falls under the upper eyelid will always be slightly darker. The rest of the darkening and highlights will depend on your desire or on who you are drawing.
Darken the whites of the eyes. On the edge of the shadow should be somewhat darker.
Eyelashes are drawn as the final step. They are thicker at the base than at the end. Note that the eyelashes are slightly reflected in the eyes.
Finally, we remind you once again that the main thing is practice. Start simple and gradually bring your skill to perfection, gradually complicating your tasks.
Draw and be inspired with us.
The main photo is taken from the website.
Painting like great artists is not given to everyone. But you can learn to draw if you make an effort.
A lot can be said about a person by their hands. It is very difficult to depict them on paper. But the task of how to draw a hand can be solved with work and diligence.
Anatomy to the rescue
A complex system is the human body. The hands alone consist of several dozen elements. And in order to draw them correctly, you need to know the structure of the hands. Conventionally, the hands can be divided into three main parts: the wrist, metacarpus and fingers.
- The wrist is the part closest to the forearm. It is responsible for the movement of the hand, but all its elements work as a whole.
- The pastern is the widest part of the hand - the palm.
- The fingers are mobile due to the phalanges. Four fingers (index, middle, ring and little fingers) have 3 phalanges, but the thumb consists of only two phalanges.
Knowing the basics of anatomy will allow you to correctly draw the hands in stages, so that they turn out to be "talking".
It will be easier to draw if, during sketching, you decide what the subject of the image looks like - something simple, even primitive. Agree that the human hand is similar to a shovel, not only in appearance, but also in functionality? From this you can start a sketch - draw a contour similar to a shovel: the wrist is the stalk of a shovel, and the contour of the palm with fingers is its canvas. It is difficult to immediately decide how to draw a hand with a pencil in stages, which is why it is worth starting with an elementary sketch.
The key is proportions.
In order to correctly and beautifully draw any object or detail, it is necessary to observe proportions - the ratio of different parts to each other. This rule also applies to the image of a person.
So, how to draw a hand? We start by determining the correct proportions. The ratio of the length of the metacarpus and fingers is on average 1:1. Naturally, this ratio will vary slightly for different people, because some have long fingers, while others do not. But on average, the proportions will be equivalent.
Depending on the length of the fingers, the contour of the palm will be either more elongated or square. With thin lines (even before drawing the hand), draw the outline of the brush according to the proportions. The thumb does not fit into the overall silhouette, it is always somewhat apart from the other four "brothers".
Draw fingers
The fingers are mobile and flexible due to their articular structure, each of the three or two phalanges, if we are talking about the thumb, is attached to each other with the help of joints and tendons. The bones of the phalanges, located one after the other, become shorter and thinner, so the fingers gradually become thinner.
Ideally, each phalanx is 2/3 the length of the previous one. These proportions are called the golden section - it is perceived by the eye as the most perfect.
Again, when drawing details, it is necessary to make allowances for individual characteristics - not every person's hands have harmonious proportions. It should also be remembered that the fingers are not the same in length: the longest finger is the middle, index and are approximately the same and shorter than the middle finger, the smallest are the little finger and thumb. Although the big one is rather the thickest. Its length corresponds to the length of the little finger.
Lines are the basis of certainty
Before you draw a human hand, analyze again what parts the hand consists of. Remember that the contours of the palm and fingers, taking on concrete forms in the drawing, become more and more rounded. For example, the line connecting the fingers and the palm is in the form of an arc, as is the outline of the hand itself - the different lengths of the fingers make it possible to obtain a semicircle when drawing the fingers clenched together. The thumb is somewhat turned in relation to the rest of the palm, its contour will not be straight, but somewhat rounded.
Small details matter
We sketched out the contour of the palm, then we begin to deal with the details. So, how to draw a hand reliably? This is impossible without drawing small details - folds, thickenings, fold lines, the contour of the nail plate on each finger. These seemingly minor touches will make the drawing more realistic.
Let's start with the fold lines on the fingers. As already mentioned, the wrist, palm and fingers are made up of many elements. They allow the fingers to perform the functionality for which they are given to a person. How to draw a hand so that it looks as natural as possible? With the help of drawing all the nuances. In places where the bones are connected by joints, there will definitely be folds both on the inside and on the outside of the palm. If the hand is drawn from the inside, it is necessary to draw the so-called "life lines" - deep enough grooves in the places where the joints of the palm work.
Each finger at the end is protected by a fingernail - a hard plate that must be drawn to make the image realistic. The nail plate is another essential element in solving the problem of how to draw a hand. Nails can have a different shape - from elongated almond-shaped to almost square.
Fingers indicate a person's age. Children's fingers are rounded, with a uniform thinning along the entire length. The older a person gets, the clearer the traces of time appear on the hands. For example, in older people, the thickness of the fingers will be uneven - the joints become more and more swollen with age, many years of work and illness affect. Also, the joints are very visible in thin people.
How to draw a hand in different positions?
Hands not only gradually participate in the conversation, but often they themselves serve as a "language", for example, in sign language. Palms and fingers will clearly tell what a person is thinking about at a given moment in time, what his mood is, what he is doing. How to draw a hand so that it truthfully reveals all the secrets?
Always when depicting the human body, it is necessary to rely on the basics of anatomy. Hands are no exception. The size of a fist, for example, is determined by the length and fingers. And the rule of the golden section will be important in any position of the fingers, even clenched into a fist. When drawing an open palm, special attention should be paid to drawing the lines of the metacarpus and slightly bent fingers.
And how to draw a hand on the side? In this case, it will be important to draw the viewer's attention to the fact that from the back the palm and fingers will be drawn in almost straight lines, but from the inside, both the fingers and the palm itself have pads, which must be drawn with rounded, smooth lines.
Step-by-step drawing of human hands, with a systematic transition from a sketch to drawing small details, however, like any other object, will allow you to get a realistic drawing.
Well-drawn hands always ennoble the whole illustration as a whole. Some artists specifically include hands in their subjects.
Anatomy
The most important fact is that the hands are concave on the side of the palm and convex on the back. The bulges are so arranged around the circumference of the palm that you can even hold liquid in it. The hand served the primitive man as a cup, and by placing two palms together in the shape of a cup, he was able to eat food that he could not hold with his fingers alone. The large muscle of the thumb is one of the most important in the hand. This muscle, in interaction with the muscles of other fingers, provides a grip so strong that it allows you to keep your own weight in a suspended state. This powerful muscle can hold a club, a bow, a spear. We can say that the existence of animals depends on the muscles of their jaws, and the existence of man depends on his hands. 
It is worth paying attention to the powerful tendon attached to the base of the hand and how the tendons of the fingers are grouped on the back of the hand. These tendons can control both all fingers together, and each individually. The muscles that pull these tendons are located on the forearm. Luckily for the artist, the tendons are mostly hidden from view. In children and young people, the tendons on the back of the hand are not visible, but become more visible with age. 
The bones and tendons on the back of the hand are close to the surface, but those around the palm and inside the fingers are hidden from view. There is a pad at the base of each finger. It protects the bones lying inside and creates a grip with the object being held.
Proportions of the hand
The next important thing is the crooked placement of the fingertips and knuckles. Two fingers lie on both sides of a line drawn through the middle of the palm. The tendon of the middle finger bisects the back of the hand. Also important is the fact that the thumb moves at right angles to the movement of the other fingers. The knuckles are located slightly in front of the folds below them on the inside of the palm. Pay attention to the curves along which the knuckles are located and that the curve gets steeper the closer the knuckles are to the fingertips. 
The middle finger is the key finger that determines the length of the palm. The length of this finger to the joint is slightly more than half the length of the palm. The width of the palm is slightly more than half of its length on the inside. The index finger is almost on the same level with the base of the nail of the middle finger. The ring finger is almost the same length as the index finger. The tip of the little finger is almost on the same level with the last joint of the ring finger. 
The figure shows how to correctly determine the position of the palm cavity. Also notice the curve of the back of the hand. Hands will not look natural, capable of grasping until the artist has mastered these details. The hands in the figure are depicted as if they were holding some kind of object. The loud sound of applause is produced by a sharp compression of air between the hollows of the two palms. Poorly drawn hands will look incapable of applauding. 
Women's hands
Women's hands differ from men's mainly in that they have smaller bones, less pronounced muscles and a large roundness of the planes. If the middle finger is made at least half the length of the palm, the hand will be more graceful and feminine. Long fingers, oval in shape, add charm. 
Man's hands
babies hands
Children's hands are a good drawing exercise in their own right. The main difference from adult hands is that the palm is much thicker compared to small fingers. The muscles of the thumb and the base of the palm are very voluminous, even small children can support their own weight. The knuckles on the back of the hand are hidden by the flesh and visible through the dimples. The base of the palm is completely surrounded by folds; it is much thicker than the pads under the fingers. 
Hands of children and teenagers
The proportions are basically the same. At the age of elementary school, the difference between the hand of a boy and a girl is small, but in adolescence there are big changes. The boy's arm is larger and stronger, showing the development of bones and muscles. Girls' bones remain smaller, so they never develop as big knuckles as boys. The base of the palms also develops more in boys, in girls it is much softer and smoother. In boys, the nails, as well as the fingers, are slightly wider. 
Children's hands are a cross between the hands of a baby and the hands of a teenager. This means that the muscles of the thumb and the base of the palm are proportionately thicker than in an adult, but thinner in comparison to the fingers than in an infant. Fingers in relation to the palm are the same as in adults. The arm as a whole is smaller, slightly fuller, dimpled, and the knuckles are certainly more rounded.
Old people's hands
Having mastered the design of hands, you will enjoy drawing the hands of older people. In fact, they are easier to draw than the hands of young people, because the anatomy and construction of the hand is more noticeable. The fundamentals of the design are still the same, but the fingers are getting thicker, the joints are bigger, the knuckles are protruding more strongly. The skin becomes wrinkled, but this wrinkling needs to be emphasized only in a close-up view. 
Hand drawings
Drawings of hands in painting
It's not hard to guess whose pens they are :-) 
In terms of colors, it is worth noting that the fingers and palms are slightly redder than the general skin tone of the hands. 
