Crazy maestro, crazy genius, eccentric surrealist - it's all about him. Salvador Dali and extraordinary are almost synonymous. Reproductions of the Spanish artist's paintings sell like hot cakes, his image is used for photo shoots, and his single inventions are dreamed of being released into circulation. Dali managed to work in several areas at once: he made his contribution to interior design, and to the fashion industry, and to ... the design of sweets. We invite you to recall the most striking works of the brilliant Spaniard (perhaps you did not even know about some of them).

lobster phone

The artist came up with a sketch of an unusual telephone set in 1935, and a year later an interesting idea was brought to life. In many ways, this was facilitated by the British millionaire Edward James - he sponsored the artist, who was faced with a lack of funds, in exchange for his work (and was also a good friend of the Spanish genius).

By the way, according to a beautiful legend, the idea of ​​creating such a phone was born during one of the friendly gatherings, when someone from the audience dropped a lobster ... on the phone.

Dali repeatedly hinted at a sexual connotation in his idea - during a conversation, the speaker's lips should be in the genital area of ​​​​the lobster. In addition, lobster is known as an excellent aphrodisiac. In total, the world saw 11 copies of the invention - 5 colored and 6 white. Almost all of them are in museums around the world. The copy that belonged to James is currently up for auction at Christie's. Its cost was estimated at 850,000 pounds (more than 68 million rubles). Whether there is a buyer, we will find out in September. In the meantime, let's look at another lobster created by Dali.

Lobster dress

Dali was interested in all spheres of art, including fashion. In the 1920s, he met another creative person with crazy ideas. It turned out to be the legendary Italian Elsa Schiaparelli, an innovator and revolutionary in the fashion world.

The designer and Dali have created some outrageous (and now legendary) wardrobe pieces. Their imagination, long before Philip Tracy and Stephen Jones, gave rise to idiosyncratic headwear, including the shoe-shaped hats and pillbox hats made popular by Jackie Kennedy. Later, they came up with apple-shaped bags and gloves with false nails. But the main creations of this star tandem are dresses. The most famous of them depicts Dali's favorite boiled lobster surrounded by green leaves. Perhaps it would not have become so popular if none other than Wallis Simpson, the Duchess of Windsor, had decided to wear an interesting thing, for the sake of marrying whom Edward VIII abdicated (it’s good that times have changed, otherwise we would not have seen Meghan Markle's lavish wedding. By the way, even the latest collection of Schiaparelli included dresses with the image of "relatives" of lobsters - crabs.

sofa lips

This unusual piece of furniture was created especially for the Schiaparelli boutique. Dali was inspired to create it by Mae West, one of Elsa's main clients and part-time sex symbol of her time. However, Edward James again sponsored all the fun. Dali said more than once that the sofa is unsuitable for sitting - firstly, it is terribly uncomfortable, and secondly, it is unsuitable to spoil art objects. And yet a strange thing aroused genuine interest and delight among those around him.

Yes, such that in 1974 Salvador decided to return to work on the sofa, taking the promising designer Oscar Tusquets Blanca as his assistant. The fruit of their creative fusion is stored in the room of Mae West of the Figueres Museum (the one stylized as the face of an actress). Well, in 2004, the Blanca Bd Barcelona Design company, which has exclusive rights, began mass production of Dalilips (the so-called sofa), adding three more colors to the “canonical” red version - black, white and pink.

But that's not all. If you want to get your hands on the original sofa, you have a chance: it, like the lobster phone, was put up for auction. The starting price is only 400,000 pounds (more than 32 million rubles).

Aphrodisiac jacket

Dali worked on clothes not only with Schiaparelli, but also on his own. One of the fashionable inventions of El Salvador is the aphrodisiac jacket. The first version of the unusual outfit appeared in 1936 - then it was decorated with about 80 cups of real mint liqueur (and it was hard not to spill the whole thing!). They were attached to the jacket with thin straws, and in each of them lay ... a dead fly (apparently, for plausibility).

Unfortunately, this version has not survived, although they tried to recreate it from memory for a number of art exhibitions. But a later version of the jacket, in which glasses were replaced by numbered crystal glasses, remained not only in the memory of the contemporaries of the Spanish genius - Dali is captured in his uniform in a photograph that is stored in the BBC archive and is considered one of the symbols of the twentieth century.

Venus de Milo with drawers

Sofa lips and a lobster telephone were not the only pieces of furniture that were born in the imagination of Dali. Another unique work appeared in 1936. As you might guess, the classical Venus served as the basis for it. Taking an ancient relic as a basis, Salvador recreated its plaster copy, deliberately dividing the woman's body into boxes: one of them is in the head, others are in the chest, stomach and legs. The artist once again recalled the secrets of the female body and its sexuality.

In 1973, Dali “republished” his sculpture. The new Venus à la Giraffe got a long neck, which made it impossible to reach the box in the head (oh, those feminine thoughts), but from her belly, symbolizing fertility, comes a long box that cannot be closed.

In his works, the artist repeatedly addressed the topic of female sexuality - his sketches included chairs and tables with female legs and arms. By the way, they were brought to life in the same Bd Barcelona Design, as the Menagere table set with unusual forks, spoons and knives in the form of snails and plants was once recreated according to the sketches of a genius.

lollipop logo

Rounding out our selection of the artist's creations is the sweetness that we encounter every (well, almost every) day. As a great inventor and creative, Salvador simply could not leave his mark on the history of advertising, marketing and design.

The production of the famous Catalan lollipop began in 1958, but only 11 years later, its creator Enric Bernat turned to his compatriot and good friend for help in design.

For a very decent amount (the artist did not suffer from modesty), Dali invented the logo, which we see to this day almost in its original form. It was the genius of surrealism who guessed to place the logo on the very top of the lollipop so that it was clearly visible and difficult to damage. The customer was satisfied.

Text: Igor Repkin

Admiration for the policies of Franco and Hitler. Verbal apologetics of fascism. "Soft design with boiled beans (premonition of civil war)", 1936. Visual demonstration of pacifism. Where is the real Dali - not an enthusiastic creator, but a true personality? Jean Ingres said: “Drawing is the honesty of art.” Let's check.

DUEL WITH THE DOUBLE

Salvador Domenech Felip Jacinth Dali and Domenech. His full name. Long, confusing, complicated. Salvador Dali. His creative pseudonym. Bright, bold, memorable. Photographic accuracy of the image, coupled with inept, childlike strokes. A sign of an academic, but modest pictorial gift. Realistic landscapes filled with unreal creatures. A clear confirmation that genius and madness always go together, and Dali is undeniably a genius and, perhaps, crazy. Figueres. A small market town in the Ampurdana Valley in northern Catalonia. Salvador Dali was born here 110 years ago, on May 11, 1904. As a child, he was welcome. True, not by itself. Nine months, nine days and 16 hours before the birth of the surrealist genius, a tragedy occurred in the family of the respected notary Salvador Dali y Cusi and his wife Felipa Domenech - their firstborn Salvador Gal Anselm died at 22 months. The inconsolable parents named the next child with the same name - in honor of the Savior.

And his whole life will be marked by the presence of a double. Invisible, but Dali is an artist more than tangible.

“All the eccentric things that I tend to do, all these absurd antics, are the tragic constant of my life. I want to prove to myself that I am not a dead brother, I am alive. As in the myth of Castor and Pollux: only by killing my brother, I gain immortality.

This confession in Salvador Dali's Unspoken Revelations, published in 1976, is the result of another visit to the cemetery, after which the five-year-old Salvador formed his own opinion about parental love, deciding that it was not intended for him, but for his dead brother.

However, Dali himself, having told about the eternal duel with his namesake brother (if this is not just the fruit of a living imagination), provides eloquent evidence that all the luxury of parental gifts and permissiveness of behavior went to him.

“In my parental home, I established an absolute monarchy. Everyone was ready to serve me. My parents idolized me. Once, on the feast of the Adoration of the Magi, in a pile of gifts, I found royal vestments: a shining gold crown with large topazes and an ermine mantle.

As a result, the child grew up arrogant and uncontrollable. He achieved his whims and simulation, always sought to stand out and attract attention. Once started a scandal on the market square. The bakery was closed. It meant nothing to El Salvador. He needed sweetness. Here and now. A crowd has gathered. The police settled the matter - they persuaded the merchant to open a shop during a siesta and give the boy a sweet.

Plus a bunch of phobias and complexes. Fear of grasshoppers, for example. The insect behind the scruff of the neck drove the boy to a frenzy of hysteria. Classmates such a reaction is very amused ...

“I am 37 years old, and the fear that this creature inspires me has not decreased. Moreover, it seems to me that it is growing, although there is nowhere further. If I stand on the edge of the abyss and a grasshopper jumps on me, I will rush down, if only not to prolong this torture!

What is the reason for this phobia: latent sadomasochism or symbolism of fear of sexual relations with a woman, as biographers often explain, is not important. The period of childhood and adolescence determines the rest of life. This is especially true for Dali. In many experiences, actions, impressions and stresses of childhood and adolescence, egocentrism and a thirst for wealth are rooted, a desire to stand out, albeit through shocking behavior, the plots of paintings that are obscure without knowing the context. Here are the origins of duality: Dali the man and Dali the artist. Here is hidden the start to surrealism.

FROM LOHANI TO BUNUEL

A small impressionistic landscape with oil paints on a wooden board. Salvador Dali painted his first painting at the age of 10. And soon he spent whole days sitting in the former laundry room in the attic. His first workshop. Where the atmosphere was shocking, and, often, the behavior of the owner.

“It was so cramped that the cement tub occupied it almost entirely.<…>Inside the cement tub, I placed a chair, on which, instead of a desktop, I laid a board horizontally. When it was very hot, I undressed and turned on the tap, filling the tub up to the waist. The water came from a reservoir next door and was always warm from the sun.”

At the age of 14 he had his first solo exhibition at the Municipal Theater of Figueres. Dali's ability to draw is undeniable. He stubbornly seeks his own style, mastering all the styles he liked: impressionism, cubism, pointillism ... The result is quite understandable - in 1922, Dali was a student at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid.

At first, in the capital, Dali led the life of a hermit, and spent his free time in his room, experimenting with different styles of painting and polishing the academic style of writing. But here he became close to Federico Garcia Lorca and Luis Buñuel. The former would soon become one of the most popular playwrights in Spain. The second would later be one of the most respected avant-garde filmmakers in Europe.

Both Lorca and Buñuel are part of the new intellectual life in Spain. They challenged the conservative and dogmatic doctrines of the political elite and the Catholic Church, which formed the basis of Spanish society at the time. Step by step, Dali, confident in the omnipotence of Reason, plunged into the “poetic Universe” of Lorca, who proclaimed the presence in the world of a Mystery beyond definition.

In his youth, Dali tirelessly copied Velazquez, Vermeer of Delft, Leonardo da Vinci, studied antique samples, studied drawing with Raphael and Ingres, idolized Dürer. In the works of the early period (1914-1927) one can see the influence of Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Cezanne.

“Only in the past I see geniuses like Raphael - they seem to me gods ... I know that what I did next to them is the collapse of pure water.” In the 60s of the last century, he will also say that he has always been and remains a supporter of the academic perfection of technology and the traditional style of writing. “... I eagerly asked them about painting techniques, about how much paint and how much oil to take, I needed to know how the thinnest layer of paint is made ...” - from the memoirs of the Academy of San Fernando.

In 1928 at the International Carnegie Exhibition in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, USA) "Basket of Bread" (1925) was presented. The painting is almost photorealistic.

Then qualities begin to appear that reflect not so much the real world as its inner, personal one.

In the painting "Female Figure at the Window" (1925), Dali depicted his sister Anna-Maria, looking out of the window at the bay in Cadaqués. The canvas is saturated with the spirit of the unreality of sleep, although it is written in a meticulous realistic style. It has an aura of emptiness and at the same time something invisible that lurks behind the space of the picture. In addition, a feeling of silence is created. If this were the work of the Impressionists, the viewer would feel its atmosphere: he would hear the sea or the whisper of a breeze, but here it seems that all life has stopped. The figure of Anna-Maria is isolated, she is in another world, devoid of the sensuality of the female images of Renoir or Degas.

In 1929, Buñuel invited Dali to work on the film Andalusian Dog. Among the most shocking shots is cutting a man's eye with a blade. The scene is considered one of the most brutal in the history of world cinema.

Invented by Dali. Decaying donkeys in other scenes are also his creativity. Today, the film, which uses images caught from the human subconscious, is a classic of surrealism, the king of which Dali was to become.

And again a paradox. He is an exemplary and diligent student. Overrespectful to his predecessors in art. “When people ask me: “What's new? - I answer: “Velasquez! And now, and always."

At the same time, he rebels against everyone and everything. Bifurcation of the psyche, bifurcation of life purpose - for the sake of striving to stand out at all costs.

A MIX OF DELIANS AND REALITY

“But then something happened that was destined to happen,” Dali appeared. A surrealist to the marrow of his bones, driven by the Nietzschean "will to power", he proclaimed unlimited freedom from any aesthetic or moral coercion and declared that one can go to the end, to the most extreme, extreme limits in any creative experiment, without caring about any succession or succession.

This is how Dali writes about himself in The Diary of a Genius.

Indeed, his paintings and his confessions did not bypass the sexual revolution and the civil war, nor the atomic bomb and Nazism with fascism, nor the Catholic faith and science, nor classical art, and even cooking. And literally with all the ideas, principles, concepts, values, phenomena, people with whom he dealt, Dali interacts like dynamite, destroying everything in its path, shattering any truth, any principle, if this principle is based on the foundations of reason, order, faith , virtue, logic, harmony, ideal beauty.

Always in one way or another, bold, scandalous, biting, provocative, paradoxical, unpredictable or irreverent.

For him, there is only surrealistic creativity, which turns into something new everything that it touches. But! Most surrealists explored the subconscious by freeing their minds from conscious control and allowing thoughts to float to the surface like soap bubbles without any consciously set sequence. This was called "automatism", and in writing it was reflected in the creation of abstract forms, which were images from the subconscious.

Dali, in his words, chose the "paranoid-critical method." He painted images familiar to the mind: people, animals, buildings, landscapes, but allowed them to connect under the dictation of consciousness. He often merged them in a grotesque manner so that, for example, the limbs turned into fish, and the bodies of women into horses.

On one of the most famous paintings of the twentieth century - "The Persistence of Memory" (1931) - soft, like melted watch dials hang from a bare olive branch, from an incomprehensible origin of a cubic slab, from a certain creature that looks like both a face and a snail without shells. Each detail can be considered independently.

Together they create a magically mysterious picture. At the same time, both here and in “Partial obscuration. Six appearances of Lenin on the piano" (1931), and in "Soft design with boiled beans (premonition of civil war)" (1936), and in "Dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before awakening" (1944 d.) a clear and absolute thoughtfulness of the compositional and coloristic system is read. The combination of reality and delusional fantasy was designed, not born by chance.

FASCIST OR PACIFIST

Dali's main personal attitude - to intensify the flow of irrational surrealistic images - is sharply and decisively manifested in the political sphere. So much so that it served as one of the reasons for the scandalous break with the group of the writer and art theorist Andre Breton, the author of the First Manifesto of Surrealism.

In the 30s of the last century, Salvador Dali repeatedly depicted Vladimir Lenin in his paintings and, at least once, captured Adolf Hitler. The image of the leader of the proletariat remained unsolved. Dali left the audience to talk about his personality. But the interest in the person of the Fuhrer commented boldly and defiantly:

“I was completely fascinated by Hitler’s soft, plump back, which was so well fitted by the unchanging tight uniform. Whenever I started to draw a leather harness that came from the belt and, like a shoulder strap, hugged the opposite shoulder, the soft suppleness of the Nazi flesh that stood out under the military tunic led me to real ecstasy, causing the taste sensations of something milky, nutritious, Wagnerian and forcing my heart is beating wildly from a rare excitement, which I do not experience even in moments of love intimacy.

The plump body of Hitler, which seemed to me the most divine female flesh, covered with impeccably snow-white skin, had some kind of hypnotic effect on me.

Surrealist friends, however, could not imagine that the preoccupation with the image of Hitler had nothing to do with politics, and that the shockingly ambiguous portrait of the feminized Fuhrer was imbued with the same black humor as the image of Wilhelm Tell with the face of Lenin ("The Riddle of Wilhelm Tell", 1933 .).

Dali was recorded as an apologist for fascism. Fortunately, a rumor spread that Hitler would have liked certain plots of Salvador's paintings, where there are swans, loneliness and megalomania blows, the spirit of Richard Wagner and Hieronymus Bosch is felt. Breton would later relate that in February 1939, Dali publicly stated that all the misfortunes of the modern world have racial roots and that the first decision to be made is to enslave all peoples of color through the joint efforts of all peoples of the white race. Andre claimed that there was not a grain of humor in this call ...

“My fanaticism, which was further intensified after Hitler forced Freud and Einstein to flee the Reich, proves that this man occupies me solely as a point of application for my own mania, and also because he amazes me with his unparalleled catastrophicity.” Dali replied.

He explained that he could not be a Nazi, if only because if Hitler conquered Europe, he would kill all hysterics like Dali, as they did in Germany, where they are treated as degenerates. In addition, the femininity and irresistible depravity with which Dali associates the image of Hitler will serve as ample reason for the Nazis to accuse the artist of blasphemy.

In 1937, Dali wrote "Hitler's Riddle". The Fuhrer appears as a tattered and filthy photograph, lying on a huge dish under the shadow of a gigantic and monstrous telephone receiver, resembling a disgusting insect. There was, the artist said, and a simpler visual manifestation of anti-fascism: they asked for an autograph for Hitler, and El Salvador put a straight cross - the exact opposite of a broken swastika.

“Hitler embodied for me the perfect image of a great masochist who unleashed a world war solely for the pleasure of losing it and being buried under the rubble of an empire.”

It is impossible to call his position pro-fascist. A masochistic hero who unleashed a world war for the pleasure of losing it is not the banner under which political forces can be united.

Usually this declaration is not believed: how could he talk about his apoliticality, touching so defiantly on the sharpest aspects of the political life of the 20th century ...

NOT FOR POLITICS

But why not admit, based on his biography and personality traits, that his outrageousness was a fig leaf for a vulnerable person embarrassed by his own originality, who defended it with an attack on generally accepted norms. After all, it turned out, when one of the surrealists suddenly declared himself a communist, that Dali was an ardent Spanish royalist. When other artists claimed that the only way to success was through poverty and bohemian simplicity, he made no secret of the fact that he strived for success for the sake of money and convenience. When contemporaries believed that truth in art could only be achieved through an avant-garde experiment, Dali declared that he himself was very old-fashioned.

Six months before the start of the Spanish Civil War, he completed The Boiled Bean Soft Construction (Premonition of the Civil War) (1936). Two huge creatures, resembling deformed, accidentally fused parts of the human body, frighten with the possible consequences of their mutations. One creature is formed from a face distorted by pain, a human chest and a leg; the other - from two hands, distorted as if by nature itself, and likened to the hip part of the form. They are locked together in a terrible fight, desperately fighting with each other, these mutant creatures are disgusting as a body that has torn itself apart. The square figure formed by the limbs is reminiscent of the geographic outline of Spain.

The low horizon line exaggerates the action of creatures in the foreground, emphasizes the immensity of the sky, obscured by huge clouds. And the clouds themselves, with their disturbing movement, further intensify the tragic intensity of inhuman passions. In addition, Dali managed to find a strong image expressing the horrors of war, symbolized by simple boiled beans, the food of the poor.

"The Face of War" (1940). Dali and his wife arrived in the United States from France, whose troops had surrendered to the German invasion. There is no blood in the picture, no fire, no dead. Just an ugly head with long hissing snakes instead of hair, like a Gorgon Medusa. But how accurately the thought is conveyed, what fear and horror seizes the viewer! The mouth and arched eyebrows give the head a pained look. Instead of eyes and in the mouth, there are skulls, inside of which other skulls are located in the same way. It seems that the head is stuffed with endless death.

THE MYSTERY REMAINS

“There is almost always something of God in any mistake. So don't be in a hurry to fix it. On the contrary, try to comprehend it with your mind, to get to the bottom of the essence. And you will discover its hidden meaning.

One journalist asked if Salvador Dali was just crazy or an ordinary successful businessman. The artist replied that he himself did not know where the deep, philosophizing Dali begins and where the crazy and absurd Dali ends.

But in this two-facedness of Salvador Dali lies the value of his double phenomenon. Dali the man and Dali the artist.

Hello dear readers of the site Sprint Response. Today, June 3, 2017, the next TV game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" with host Dmitry Dibrov. In this article you can get a brief overview of the game, find out the correct answers in the game "Who wants to be a millionaire?" for 3.06.2017 . The correct answers in the list of options are highlighted in blue. The first two took part: singer Alexander Serov and beauty queen Miss Russia-2013 Elmira Abdrazakova . By the way, the program was filmed on May 18, 2017, you can learn about this from the joyful post Instagram Elmira Abdrazakova. The Sprint-Answer website begins reporting from today's program "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", which has already aired in the eastern regions of the country. At the game table in the studio, the participants of the first pair of players.

Elmira and Alexander settled on a fireproof amount of 200,000 rubles, Elmira was more modest in choosing a fireproof amount, or rather a realistic one. Alexander at first wanted to stop at the amount of 400,000 rubles. As a result, they came to a consensus, the fireproof amount was set at 200,000 rubles.

1. What, figuratively speaking, does conscience do to a person who repents of his deed?

• swallows
• gnaws
• bites

2. What is the name of Mayakovsky's poem?

• "Good!"
• "Cool!"
• "Great!"
• "Fly away!"

3. Through what, according to popular wisdom, lies the way to a man's heart?

• through his kidneys
• through his lungs
• through his stomach
• through his liver

4. Where does viburnum bloom in a popular Soviet song?

• in the forest
• in the garden
• in the steppe
• in field

5. Which French word means "long chair"?

• deck chair
• ottoman
• canape
• stool

6. What is the name of both a houseplant and a cold appetizer of zucchini and eggplant?

• "deep ear"
• "Teschin language"
• "Teschina braid"
• "tail tail"

7. Which Beatles member's daughter became a fashion designer?

• Ringo Starr
• George Harrison
• John Lennon
• Paul McCartney

8. What day is considered the first day of the week in Israel?

• Monday
• Friday
• Saturday
• Sunday

When answering the eighth question, the participants took the prompt "Call a friend".

9. With what lines did Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov compare service and friendship?

• with crossed
• with parallel
• with perpendicular
• with divergent

When answering the ninth question, the participants of the game took the hint "50:50".

Game "Who wants to be a millionaire?" with Alexander Serov and Elmira Abdrazakova

10. Who played the saxophonist in the restaurant and cinema in the TV movie "The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed"?

• Sergey Mazaev
• Igor Butman
• Alexey Kozlov
• Vladimir Presnyakov

When answering the tenth question, the participants took the clue "Help from the audience." Unfortunately, the players answered incorrectly and did not win anything. They needed to listen to Dmitry Dibrov and take the remaining clue "The right to make a mistake." The Sprint-Answer site continues to review the game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" dated June 3, 2017. The participants of the second pair of players are in the studio, these are the actors: Irina Apeksimova and Daniil Spivakovsky . The players chose a fireproof amount of 800,000 rubles.

1. Where does the drummer perform?

• in the ring
• on the stage
• on the battlefield
• in the forge

2. How does the set expression describe Noah's ark: "Every creature ..."?

• by container
• in pairs
• by sari
• by safari

3. What tool is often mentioned when talking about a long and boring action?

• jew's harp
• duduk
• pitiful
• bagpipes

4. What color is the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco?

• into green
• into yellow
• in orange
• in white

5. What was the name of a person in Russia who carried out orders of a commercial nature?

• clerk
• pointer
• customer
• refuser

6. What sport is the film "Million Dollar Baby" about?

• figure skating
• fencing
• biathlon
• boxing

7. What god, by his own admission, was Ole Lukoye from Andersen's fairy tale?

inventions of Salvador Dali (what and why he invented) reveal to us his character and help to better understand the essence and his painting, which is not always clear and often hidden from us, and above all, he invents surprise and surprise and wit ... - although boots with springs remembered me...

“But the last dream that I had that night left me with too much impression. There was the idea of ​​a photographic method by which the Ascension could be reproduced. I will certainly try this method in America. Even when I was completely awake, I still found this idea no less delightful than it seemed to me in a dream. Here it is, my method. Get five bags of chickpeas and pour them into one large bag. Now drop peas from a ten-meter height. With the help of a sufficiently powerful electric light, project an image of the Blessed Virgin onto this stream of falling peas. Each pea, which, like an atomic particle, is separated from the next by some free gap, will reflect a tiny part of the entire image. Now we need to shoot the whole picture backwards. Thanks to the acceleration due to gravity, this falling stream will create an ascension effect when shooting back. Thus, you will get a picture of the Ascension, consistent with the most stringent laws of physics. Needless to say, such an experiment is unique in its kind. You can improve the experiment by applying to each chickpea a substance that will give them together the properties of a movie screen.

S. Dali, Diary of a Genius, M, EKSMO-Press, 2000, p. 77-78.

Inventions of Salvador Dali

Hot Ten Anna Romanova, Radio "C"

Salvador Dali was not only a brilliant artist, but also an inventor. Many of his inventions are embodied in reality, despite the fact that the original idea seemed completely crazy. True, Dali was not entirely satisfied. He wrote: "Everything I invented was brought to life - but not by me and so mediocre that it's impossible to say."

10th place: Spectral kaleidoscope glasses that transform reality. Dali came up with this specifically for autotourists in case the landscape is boring.

9th place: Shoes with springs to enjoy walking.

8th place: Cunning make-up, exterminating the shadows. Dali really experimented with it, carefully studying the composition used by Japanese geishas.

7th place: Photo masks for reporters. This will probably soon become an urgent need. Increasingly, reporters are involved in litigation, especially those involving invasion of privacy laws. And so - he put on a photo mask with a portrait of Che Guevara, and then let them look for him.

6th place: A plastic armchair that hardens exactly to the figure of the owner.

5th place: Even Dali invented dresses with a variety of anatomical overlays, designed according to precise calculations and in full accordance with the ideal of female beauty, born of the male erotic imagination. Perhaps the only unusual detail of Dali's dresses is the additional breasts that need to be attached to the back. As Dali believed, they were supposed to make a complete revolution in fashion.

4th place: False nails with a small mirror in each to show off.

3rd place: Oh my idea was stolen! Transparent mannequin - water is poured inside and fish are launched to give a visual representation of blood circulation.

2nd place: Dali developed the tactile cinema in the most detailed way. A rather simple device will allow viewers to feel - in exact accordance with the image on the screen - anything: silk, wool, fur, a rough surface of a shell, a free-flowing stream of sand, smooth skin. Here Dali has advanced even further than modern computer scientists. No matter how much they fight, it is still impossible to touch anything with the help of electronic devices.

1 place: Here is what Dali himself wrote: “I also invented many tools for secret pleasures, both bodily and spiritual. Including the most disgusting little things, so that in a fit of rage there was something to smash to smithereens by slamming against the wall. No less useful will be chipped wheels: you look - and in your soul, like a knife on a plate, such cats will scrape that you even hang yourself. These little things I invented for especially solemn occasions, when you need to properly play on your nerves and reach the handle, and then you will need more one of my creations is a cracker that explodes just like a cork flies out of a bottle of champagne - bang!

Salvador Dali (at birth Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali Domenech) (Spanish Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí Domènech); May 11, 1904 - January 23, 1989) - Spanish artist, painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director. One of the most famous representatives of surrealism. Films: "Andalusian Dog", "Golden Age", "Bewitched".

Biography

Salvador Dali was born on May 11, 1904 in the city of Figueras (Figueras (Spanish), Gerona province in northern Spain), in the family of a wealthy notary. He began to study fine art at the municipal art school. From 1914 to 1918 he was educated at the Academy of the Brothers of the Marist Order in Figueres.

In 1916 he went on vacation to the city of Cadaques, where he first became acquainted with modernist art. Dali's first solo exhibition took place in 1919. In 1921, his father decides to send Salvador to study in Madrid, at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, where he meets such figures of Spanish culture as Luis Bunuel, Federico Garcia Lorca and Pedro Garfias.

Acquaintance with new trends in painting is developing - Dali is experimenting with the methods of cubism and Dadaism. In 1926, he was expelled from the Academy for his arrogant and dismissive attitude towards teachers. In the same year, he traveled to Paris for the first time, where he met Picasso. Trying to find his own style, in the late 1920s he created a number of works influenced by Picasso and Joan Miro. In 1929, together with Buñuel, he took part in the creation of the surrealistic film The Andalusian Dog. Then he first meets his future wife Gala (Elena Dmitrievna Dyakonova), who was then the wife of the poet Paul Eluard.

Dali's works are shown at exhibitions, he is gaining popularity. In 1929, he joined the Surrealist group organized by Andre Breton.

In 1934, he unofficially marries Gala (the official wedding took place in 1958 in the Spanish town of Girona). In the same year, he visits the USA for the first time.

After Caudillo Franco came to power in 1936, Dali quarreled with the surrealists on the left and was expelled from the group. In response, Dali, not without reason, declares: "Surrealism is me."

With the outbreak of World War II, Dali, together with Gala, left for the United States, where they lived from 1940 to 1948. In 1942, he published his fictionalized autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali. His literary endeavors, like his works of art, tend to be commercially successful.

After returning to Spain, he lives mainly in his beloved Catalonia. In 1981, he develops Parkinson's disease. Gala dies in 1982.

Dali died on January 23, 1989 from a heart attack. The artist's body is immured in the floor in the Dali Museum in Figueres. The great artist, during his lifetime, bequeathed to bury him so that people could walk on the grave. Flash photography is not allowed in this room.

The most famous and significant works

Self-portrait with a Raphael neck (1920-1921)

This is one of the first works of Salvador. Made in the impressionistic style.

Portrait of Luis Buñuel (1924)

Like "Still Life" (1924) or "Purist Still Life" (1924), this painting was created during Dali's search for his own manner and style of execution, but the atmosphere resembles De Chirico's paintings. Flesh on the Stones (1926)
Dali called Picasso his second father. This canvas is made in a cubist manner unusual for El Salvador, like the previously written “Cubist Self-Portrait” (1923). In addition, Salvador painted several portraits of Picasso.

Fixture and Hand (1927)

Experiments with geometric shapes continue. You can already feel that mystical desert, the manner of painting the landscape, characteristic of Dali of the “surrealist” period, as well as some other artists (in particular, Yves Tanguy).

The Invisible Man (1929)

Also called "Invisible", the painting demonstrates metamorphoses, hidden meanings and contours of objects. Salvador often returned to this technique, making it one of the main features of his painting. This applies to a number of later paintings, such as, for example, "Swans Reflected in Elephants" (1937) and "The Appearance of a Face and a Bowl of Fruit on the Seashore" (1938). Enlightened Pleasures (1929)
It is interesting because it reveals the obsessions and childhood fears of El Salvador. He also uses images borrowed from his own "Portrait of Paul Eluard" (1929), "Mysteries of Desire:" My mother, My mother, My mother "(1929) and some others.

Great Masturbator (1929)

Much loved by researchers, the painting, like Enlightened Pleasures, is a field of study for the artist's personality.

The Persistence of Memory (1931)

Perhaps the most famous and discussed in artistic circles is the work of Salvador Dali. Like many others, it uses ideas from previous work. In particular, this is a self-portrait and ants, a soft watch and the coast of Cadaqués, the birthplace of El Salvador.

The Riddle of William Tell (1933)

One of Dali's outright mockery of Andre Breton's communist love and his leftist views. The main character, according to Dali himself, is Lenin in a cap with a huge visor. In The Diary of a Genius, Salvador writes that the baby is himself, yelling "He wants to eat me!". There are also crutches here - an indispensable attribute of Dali's work, which has retained its relevance throughout the artist's life. With these two crutches, the artist props up the visor and one of the thighs of the leader. This is not the only known work on the subject. Back in 1931, Dali wrote “Partial Hallucination. Six appearances of Lenin on the piano.

The Hitler Enigma (1937)

Dali himself spoke of Hitler in different ways. He wrote that he was attracted by the soft, plump back of the Fuhrer. His mania did not cause much enthusiasm among the Surrealists, who had sympathy for the left. On the other hand, El Salvador later spoke of Hitler as a complete masochist who started the war with the sole purpose of losing it. According to the artist, once he was asked for an autograph for Hitler and he put a straight cross - "the complete opposite of the broken fascist swastika."

Phone - Lobster (1936)

The so-called surrealistic object is an object that has lost its essence and traditional function. Most often, it was intended to evoke resonance and new associations. Dali and Giacometti were the first to create what Salvador himself called "objects with a symbolic function."

Mae West face (used as a surrealist room) (1934-1935)

The work was realized both on paper and in the form of a real room with furniture in the form of a lip-sofa and other things.

Metamorphoses of Narcissus (1936-1937)

Or "The Transformation of Narcissus". Deep psychological work. Subsequently, it was used as the cover of one of Pink Floyd's discs.

Paranoid transformations of Gal's face (1932)

Like a picture-instruction of Dali's paranoid-critical method.

Retrospective bust of a woman (1933)

Surreal item. Despite the huge bread and cobs - symbols of fertility, El Salvador, as it were, emphasizes the price that all this is given: the woman's face is full of ants eating her.

Woman with a Head of Roses (1935)

The head of roses is rather a tribute to Arcimboldo, an artist beloved by the surrealists. Arcimboldo, long before the emergence of the avant-garde as such, painted portraits of courtiers, using vegetables and fruits to compose them (an eggplant nose, wheat hair, and the like). He (like Bosch) was something of a surrealist before surrealism.

The Ductile Construct with Boiled Beans: A Premonition of the Civil War (1936)

Like “Autumn Cannibalism” written in the same year, this picture is the horror of a Spaniard who understands what is happening to his country and where it is heading. This canvas is akin to "Guernica" by the Spaniard Pablo Picasso.

Sun Table (1936) and Poetry of America (1943)

When advertising has firmly entered the life of everyone and everyone, Dali resorts to it to create a special effect, a kind of unobtrusive culture shock. In the first picture, as if by accident, he drops a pack of CAMEL cigarettes on the sand, and in the second, he uses a bottle of Coca-Cola.

Venus de Milo with boxes (1936)

The most famous Dalian item. The idea of ​​boxes is also present in his painting. This can be confirmed by Giraffe on Fire (1936-1937), Anthropomorphic Locker (1936) and other paintings.

Slave market with the appearance of the invisible bust of Voltaire (1938)

One of the most famous "optical" paintings by Dali, in which he skillfully plays with color associations and angle of view. Another extremely well-known work of this kind is "Gala, looking at the Mediterranean Sea, at a distance of twenty meters turns into a portrait of Abraham Lincoln" (1976).

ToArtin "A dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate a second before awakening"

This bright picture is characterized by a feeling of lightness and instability of what is happening. In the background is a long-legged elephant. This character is also in other works, such as The Temptation of St. Anthony (1946).

Naked Dali, contemplating five ordered bodies, turning into corpuscles, from which Leda Leonardo is unexpectedly created, impregnated with the face of Gala (1950)

One of the many paintings relating to the period of Salvador's passion for physics. He breaks images, objects and faces into spherical corpuscles or some kind of rhinoceros horns (another obsession demonstrated in diary entries). And if Galatea with Spheres (1952) or this picture serves as an example of the first technique, then the Explosion of Raphael's Head (1951) is built on the second.

Hypercubic Body (1954)

Corpus hypercubus is a canvas depicting the crucifixion of Christ. Dali turns to religion (as well as mythology, as exemplified by The Colossus of Rhodes (1954)) and writes biblical stories in his own way, bringing a considerable amount of mysticism to the paintings. Gala's wife is now becoming an indispensable character in "religious" paintings. However, Dali does not limit himself and allows you to write quite provocative things. Such as Sodom's Satisfaction of an Innocent Maiden (1954).

The Last Supper (1955)

The most famous canvas showing one of the biblical scenes. Many researchers are still arguing about the value of the so-called "religious" period in Dali's work. The paintings “Our Lady of Guadalupe” (1959), “The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus’s Sleep Effort” (1958-1959) and “The Ecumenical Council” (1960) (in which Dali impressed himself) are vivid representatives of the paintings of that time.
"The Last Supper" is one of the most amazing paintings of the master. It presents in its entirety the scenes of the Bible (the actual supper, the walking of Christ on the water, the crucifixion, the prayer before the betrayal of Judas), which surprisingly combine, intertwining with each other. It is worth saying that the biblical theme in the work of Salvador Dali occupies a significant position. The artist tried to find God in the surrounding world, in himself, presenting Christ as the center of the primordial universe ("Christ of San Juan de la Cruz", 1951). Salvador Dali