The scheme of the composition of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It will not be superfluous to represent what their purpose is. This is necessary at least in order not to get into trouble by incorrectly naming them in a conversation.

What is the division of the armed forces?

They were formed depending on where the fighting takes place: at sea or on land, in the sky or in space. In this regard, the types of troops of the Russian Federation are distinguished. Their list is as follows: land and air forces, and the navy. Each of them is a complex structure formed from special branches of the military, which have a different purpose. All these types of troops differ in the type of weapons. The training of military personnel in each of them has its own specifics.

First type: ground forces

It forms the base of the army and is the most numerous. Its purpose is to conduct combat operations on land, hence the name. No other types of troops of the Russian Federation can compare with this, since it is distinguished by its versatile composition. It is distinguished by the great power of the strike. Land - these are the types of troops of the Russian Federation (the photo is presented in the article), which have excellent maneuverability and independence. In addition, they can act both separately and together with others. Their purpose is to repel the enemy invasion, to gain a foothold in positions, to attack enemy formations.

To date, there are such types of ground forces of the Russian Federation:

• mobile motorized rifle, tank and lightning missile troops, artillery and air defense, military command and control bodies;
• special troops, such as intelligence and communications, technical support and engineering units, units for protection against radiation, chemical and biological attack, rear services.

What are motorized rifle and tank troops intended for?

These are the types of Russian troops that can perform various combat missions. From breaking through the enemy defenses and offensive to long-term and strong consolidation on the captured lines. A special place in these matters is allocated to tanks. Since their actions in the main areas of defense and offensive are characterized by maneuverability and speed in achieving the goal.

Motorized rifle units are distinguished by the fact that they can operate both independently and with the support of other RF Armed Forces. The types of troops that are now being considered are capable of withstanding weapons with any degree of damage, up to nuclear attacks.

But that's not all. The considered types and types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation are equipped with weapons capable of inflicting significant damage to the enemy. For example, they have at their disposal automatic guns, artillery and anti-aircraft systems. They have combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers that allow them to move into the thick of the battle.

What are the missile and air defense forces intended for?

The former exist in order to carry out nuclear and fire strikes on enemy positions. With the help of missiles and artillery, you can hit the enemy in combined arms combat, as well as inflict damage in corps and front-line operations.

An important role in these matters is played by artillery, which is widely represented in anti-tank units using mortars, cannons and howitzers.

The types and types of troops of the Russian Federation associated with air defense bear the main burden in the matter of destroying the enemy in the air. The purpose of these units is to shoot down enemy planes and drones. Their structure includes parts that use anti-aircraft missiles and anti-aircraft artillery. Not the last place is occupied by the divisions of radio engineering, which provide proper communication. The air defense forces perform an important function of covering the ground forces from possible enemy air attacks. This is expressed in the fight against the enemy landing on its route and at the time of their landing. And before that, they are obliged to conduct reconnaissance by radar in order to timely notify of a possible attack.

The role of the Airborne Forces and engineering troops

A special place is given to them. They combine all the best that the previously mentioned types of the RF Armed Forces can give. The branches of the Airborne Forces are equipped with artillery and anti-aircraft missiles. They have airborne combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers at their disposal. Moreover, a special technique has been created that allows using parachutes to land various cargoes in any weather on an arbitrary terrain. In this case, the time of day and the altitude of the aircraft do not play a role.

The tasks of the Airborne Forces are most often actions behind enemy lines aimed at disturbing his balance. With their help, the destruction of the enemy's nuclear weapons, the capture of strategically important points and facilities, as well as government agencies. They perform tasks to introduce an imbalance in the work of the rear of the enemy.

Engineering - these are the types and types of troops of the Russian Federation that carry out reconnaissance of the area. Their tasks include the construction of barriers, and, if necessary, their destruction. They clear mine areas and prepare the terrain for maneuvers. Crossings are established, with the help of which water barriers are overcome. The forces of the engineering troops organize water supply points.

Second type: Navy

These types and types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation are designed to conduct combat operations and protect the country's territorial interests on the water surface. also has the ability to deliver nuclear strikes against strategically important enemy targets. Its tasks also include the destruction of enemy forces on the high seas and at coastal bases. The Navy is designed to disrupt enemy communications in wartime and protect its own transportation. The fleet is able to provide serious support to ground forces during joint operations.

The Russian Navy today includes such Baltic, Black Sea, Pacific and Caspian. Each of them includes the following types of troops: submarine and surface forces, naval aviation and infantry, coastal missile and artillery units and service and material support units.

The purpose of each branch of the Navy

Those located on land are designed to defend the coast and objects located on the coast and of great importance. And without timely and full service, the naval bases will not be able to exist for a long time.

Surface forces are formed from ships and boats, which have a different focus from missile and anti-submarine to torpedo and landing. Their purpose is to search for and destroy enemy submarines and their ships. With their help, amphibious landings are carried out, as well as the detection and neutralization of sea mines.

Subdivisions with submarines, in addition to detecting enemy submarines, hit enemy ground targets. Moreover, they can act both independently and in combination with other troops of the Russian Federation.

The aviation of the navy consists of vehicles that can perform a missile-carrying or anti-submarine function. In addition, aviation performs reconnaissance missions. Aircraft of the naval forces serve to destroy the enemy surface fleet both in the open spaces of the ocean and at bases. It is also of considerable importance for covering the Russian fleet during combat operations.

Third type: Air Force

These are the most mobile and maneuverable types and types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Their main task is to ensure the security and protection of the country's territorial interests in the air. In addition, they are called upon to protect the administrative, industrial and economic centers of Russia. Their purpose is to protect other troops and ensure the success of operations. With their help, aerial reconnaissance, landing and defeat of enemy positions are carried out.

The Air Force is armed with combat and combat training aircraft, helicopters, transport and special equipment. In addition, they have at their disposal anti-aircraft guns and military equipment for special purposes.

There are such types of aviation: long-range and versatile front-line, transport and army. In addition to them, there are two more types of anti-aircraft troops: anti-aircraft and radio engineering.

What is the purpose of each of the branches of the Air Force?

The purpose of military transport aviation is to deliver cargo and troops to the landing site. Moreover, food with medicines, and military equipment can act as cargo.

Long-range aviation is the main strike force of the Air Force. Because it is capable of hitting any target with great efficiency.

Frontal aviation is divided into bomber and attack, reconnaissance and fighter. The first two provide air support to ground forces during any combat operations - from defense to attack. The third type of aviation carries out reconnaissance that meets the interests of Russia. The latter exists to destroy enemy aircraft in the air.

Fourth Type: Strategic Rocket Forces

Formed specifically to conduct operations in a nuclear war. They have automated missile systems at their disposal, which have high accuracy. And this is despite the huge flight range possible between the two continents. Today, the types and types of troops of the Russian Federation are very mobile and complementary. And some of them are changing. For example, the rocket and space forces were formed from the rocket troops. They became the basis for a new type of troops - space.

The Federation includes various troops (missile, ground, aerospace, etc.), and together they represent an organization for organizing the defense of the country. Their main task is to repel aggression and protect the territorial integrity of the state, but recently the tasks have changed a bit.

1. Deterring not only military but also political threats to security.
2. Implementation of military operations in non-war time.
3. Ensuring the political and economic interests of the state.
4. Use of force for security.

At the lessons of life safety, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is studied in grades 10-11. Therefore, this information should be known to all citizens of the Russian Federation.

A bit of history

The modern composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is indebted to history. It was formed depending on possible acts of aggression against the state. The most significant stage in the history of the development of the army is the victory at the Kulikovo field (1380), near Poltava (1709) and, of course, in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

A standing army in Russia was formed under Ivan the Terrible. It was he who began to create troops with centralized control and supply. In 1862-1874, a reform was carried out with the introduction of all-class military service, the principles of leadership were also changed, and technical re-equipment was carried out. However, after the revolution in 1917, the army was gone. Instead, the Red Army was formed, and then the USSR, which were divided into 3 types: land, air force and fleet.

Today, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed a little, but the main backbone has remained the same.

Ground troops

This species is the most numerous. It was created to be present on land and, by and large, the ground forces are the most important element of the army. It is impossible to capture and hold territories without this kind of troops, to repel the invasion of the landing force, etc. It is for these purposes that such units were created. In turn, they are divided into the following types:

1. Tank forces.
2. Motorized rifle.
3. Artillery.
4. Rocket troops and air defense.
5. Special services.
6. Signal Corps.

The largest personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes ground forces. This includes all types of military units listed above.

Tank (armored) troops. They represent the main striking force on earth and are an extremely powerful tool for solving problems of the first importance.

Motorized rifle troops are units with a large number of personnel and equipment. Their purpose is the independent conduct of hostilities over a large area, although they can act as support as part of other branches of the military.

Artillery and missile units always consist of formations, parts of tactical missiles, and artillery.

Air defense - troops providing protection for ground units and the rear from attacks from aircraft and other means of attack from the air. Special services perform highly specialized functions.

Military Space Force

Until 1997, they existed, but the Decree of the President of July 16, 1997 ordered the creation of a new type of aircraft. Since that time, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed somewhat: the Air Force and space defense units have merged. This is how the Aerospace Forces were formed.

They are engaged in reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, determining the probable start of an air or missile attack and notifying military and government authorities about it. It goes without saying that the Russian Aerospace Forces are called upon, among other things, to repel aggression from the air or from space, even, if necessary, with the use of nuclear weapons.

The composition of the VKS

Modern videoconferencing of Russia include:

1. Space troops.
2. Air defense and missile defense troops.
3. Military units of technical support.
4. Communications and electronic warfare troops.
5. Military educational institutions.

Each branch of the military has its own range of tasks. The Air Force, for example, repel aggression in the air, hit enemy targets and troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.

The Space Force monitors objects in space and detects threats to Russia from airless space. If necessary, they can parry possible blows. The space forces are also responsible for launching spacecraft (satellites) into the Earth's orbit and their control.

Fleet

The Navy is intended to protect the state from the sea and ocean, to protect the interests of the country in maritime areas. The Navy consists of:

1. Four fleets: Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern.
2. Caspian flotilla.
3. Submarine forces, which are designed to destroy enemy boats, strike at surface ships and their groups, and destroy ground targets.
4. Surface forces for strikes against submarines, amphibious landings, and counteraction to surface ships.
5. Naval aviation for the destruction of convoys, submarine flotilla, ship groups, violation of enemy surveillance systems.
6. Coastal troops, which are entrusted with the task of defending the coast and objects on the coast.

Rocket troops

The composition and organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also include missile troops, which may contain a land, air, and water component. primarily intended for the destruction of nuclear attack weapons, as well as enemy groupings. In particular, the main targets of the strategic missile forces are enemy military bases, industrial facilities, large groups, control system, infrastructure facilities, etc.

The main and important property of the Strategic Missile Forces is the ability to accurately strike with a nuclear weapon over vast distances (ideally, anywhere in the world) and simultaneously on all important strategic targets. They are also designed to create favorable conditions for other branches of the Armed Forces. If we talk about the organization of the Strategic Missile Forces, then they consist of units that are armed with medium-range missiles and units with intercontinental missiles.

The very first unit was formed on July 15, 1946. Already in 1947, a successful first test launch of the R-1 (ballistic) guided missile was made. By 1955, there were already several units that had long-range missiles. But literally 2 years later they conducted an intercontinental test, with several stages. It is noteworthy that she was the first in the world. After testing an intercontinental missile, it became possible to create a new branch of the military - a strategic one. This logical step was followed, and in 1960 another branch of the Armed Forces, the Strategic Missile Forces, was organized.

Long-range or strategic aviation

We have already talked about the Aerospace Forces, but we have not yet touched on such a branch of the troops as long-range aviation. It deserves a separate chapter. The structure and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes strategic bombers. It is noteworthy that only two countries of the world have them - the USA and Russia. Together with intercontinental missiles and submarine missile carriers, strategic bombers are part of the nuclear triad and are primarily responsible for the security of the state.

The composition and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular, long-range aviation, is to bombard important military-industrial facilities behind enemy lines, destroy its infrastructure and large concentrations of troops, military bases. The targets of these aircraft are power plants, factories, bridges, and entire cities.

Such aircraft are called strategic bombers because of the ability to make intercontinental flights and use nuclear weapons. Some types of aircraft can use it, but are unable to make intercontinental flights. They are called long-range bombers.

A few words about the TU-160 - "White Swan"

Speaking of long-range aviation, one cannot fail to mention the Tu-160 missile carrier with a variable wing geometry. In history, it is the largest, most powerful and heaviest supersonic aircraft. Its feature is swept wing. Among the existing strategic bombers, it has the largest takeoff weight and combat load. The pilots gave him the nickname - "White Swan".

Armament TU-160

The aircraft is capable of carrying up to 40 tons of weapons, including various types of guided missiles, free-fall bombs and nuclear weapons. The bombs of the "White Swan" bear the unofficial name of "weapons of the second stage", that is, they are intended to destroy targets that have survived after a missile strike. Its huge arsenal is capable of carrying the Tu-160 aircraft, which is why its strategic status is fully justified.

In total, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include 76 such bombers. But this information is constantly changing due to the decommissioning of old aircraft and the acceptance of new aircraft.

We have described the main points regarding the purpose and composition of the Russian Federation, but in fact the armed forces are an extremely complex structure, which is understood from the inside only by specialists directly related to it.

The integrity of any state depends on many factors: external and internal opponents, the economic situation, the general standard of living. The leaders of the country have to take into account all these aspects and promptly resolve emerging situations.

Accordingly, the tools for performing a particular task are provided for their own. For example, in order to maintain sovereignty and protect their people from interventionists, the Russian armed forces exist.

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - V. V. Putin

The history of the creation of the RF Armed Forces

The Russian armed forces number about 2 million people. This number includes both professional military and conscripts. There are also civilian specialists in the Armed Forces. Billions of rubles are allocated annually for the needs of the Armed Forces. These funds are used for re-equipment, the development of new types of weapons, salaries for the military.

In addition to protecting state integrity and repelling foreign aggression, the Army of the Russian Federation is also involved in more subtle processes. Sometimes it is necessary to act on the territory of other countries to preserve the peace. A striking example is the situation in Syria. Where the army of the RF Armed Forces and its VKS (Aerospace Forces) of Russia took part in the defeat of terrorist groups.

Historical dates when the armed forces of the RF Armed Forces were created:

Structure of the Russian Army

The composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes many different structures. All of them have a clear focus and division into areas of their responsibility. The structure of the Russian Army consists of various branches of the military.

Troop types:

• Ground Forces (SV);
• Aerospace Forces (VKS);
• Navy (Navy);
• Separate types of troops;
• Special Troops.

Ground troops

They are the most numerous. Their primary task is to carry out offensive and defensive operations. Thanks to the technical equipment, the modern armed forces of the Russian Federation can carry out operations to break through the enemy's echeloned defenses, capture key points and cities. At the head of the ground forces is Colonel-General Oleg Leonidovich Salyukov.

The SV includes the following types of troops:

	Troop name	Short description
		Motorized infantry capable of covering considerable distances. The composition includes infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, military trucks. Divided into divisions. Has tanks, artillery, etc.
		Main striking force. The primary purpose of a breakthrough behind enemy lines. Able to fight in conditions of high radiation. The composition also includes missile, motorized rifle and other units.
		The composition includes barrel, rocket, mortar artillery. There are intelligence and supply units
		Serve to protect the SV from enemy air attacks
	Special Forces	Various types of troops with a narrow specialization. This includes automotive parts, EW troops, chemical and biological defense, and others.

The main purpose of this type of troops is the struggle for the health of soldiers in peacetime and wartime. The MV includes mobile and stationary hospitals. In addition, in peacetime, the duties of this service include providing army units with medical equipment and training personnel in first aid.

In combat conditions, the value of MC increases many times. They provide timely medical care to wounded servicemen, provide inpatient treatment for the speedy return of the soldier to duty.

Aerospace Force

The main structure of the Russian Army is the VKS. They were created to gain air supremacy, conduct reconnaissance operations, transport military equipment and personnel in the operational mode, protect the SV from enemy air raids.

The composition also includes long-range, or strategic aviation. Its purpose is to disable industrial and economic facilities. Both cruise missiles with simple warheads and those equipped with nuclear elements can be used.

Separately, the Aerospace Forces includes the Anti-Missile and Air Defense divisions. Their tasks include:

• protection of objects on the territory of the country;
• obstruction of air reconnaissance by the enemy;
• defense against small, medium and long-range ballistic missiles, including components of nuclear weapons of the armed forces of the Russian Federation.

To ensure the protection of the Russian Federation in the space sphere, there are Space Forces.

commander in chief- Bondarev V.N.

Navy

It includes surface and submarine fleets, naval aviation and coastal rocket and cannon artillery, as well as coastal defense forces and marines. WWII is engaged in the defense of the sea borders of our country, but can also be used as offensive forces.

Submarines equipped with nuclear missiles are an important element of deterrence.

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy- Admiral V. Korolev.

The fleet is also engaged in the delivery of other types of troops to various parts of the world: tank, air, etc. Naval aviation includes aircraft and helicopters based on aircraft carriers.

Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN)

Nuclear shield of our state. This includes ballistic missiles of different ranges: medium, small, intercontinental. They are based both in stationary facilities and on mobile platforms, wheeled chassis and even nuclear trains. They are the main tool of containment tactics.

commander in chief- S. Karakaev.

Airborne Troops (VDV)

Infantry of increased mobility, deployed through the air. It has a high level of combat training. It is equipped with special military equipment, also transported by air.

commander in chief- A. Serdyukov.

Emblems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Picture	Type of army	Short description
		Units conducting offensive and defensive operations on land. Equipped with tanks, artillery, air defense systems
		Provide medical support to the army
		Designed for the defense of the air and outer space of the Russian Federation. Includes strategic aviation
		Surface and submarine ships, naval aviation and infantry, defense of the country's water borders
		Russian nuclear shield
		Rapid reaction troops
	Separate genera	Rear services

Armament

The modern Russian army uses the following weapons.

Tanks:

A photo	Name	Short description	Crew	Armament	Add. systems
	T-72	Main battle tank with a carousel loading system. Crew of 3 people. 125 mm caliber gun. There is an anti-aircraft machine gun. It can have dynamic and active protection. Diesel engine.	3	The caliber of the main gun is 125 mm, the secondary one is 7.62 and 15.5 mm anti-aircraft machine guns. On later modifications, small-caliber 20-mm guns are mounted to work on infantry and lightly armored targets.	Thermal imagers, noctovisors, dynamic protection, active protection systems, devices for creating a smoke screen
	T-80	Tank with a gas turbine engine. It is a high-quality reinforcement of armored units.
	T-90	Shallow modernization of the T-72 tank. The main differences are in the suspension and the ammunition used.

Infantry fighting vehicles:

A photo	Name	Short description	Crew/ landing	Armament
		Infantry support. It has a fighting compartment in which soldiers are transported. Equipped with an automatic cannon and guided missiles.	3/8	73 mm gun, anti-tank guided missiles
		Quality upgrade. Better armor, weapons.	3/7	30 mm autocannon, 7.62 mm machine gun, anti-tank missiles
		Installed another power plant and gun.	2/9	Combat module of 30 and 100 mm guns, 3 machine guns, ATGM

Airborne combat vehicle:

A photo	Name	Short description	Crew	landing	Armament
		Specially designed for the needs of the Airborne Forces. Relative to the BMD, it has less weight and dimensions. The armament is identical.	2	5	3 machine guns 7.62 mm, autocannon 73 mm, ATGM
		Improved model. It can parachute with troops in the fighting compartment.			30 mm automatic cannon, machine guns, Konkurs ATGM
		The latest modification. Significantly relieved. The weapons complex has changed.			Automatic grenade launcher, anti-tank missile launcher, machine guns and 30 mm cannon

Armored personnel carriers:

A photo	Name	Description	Crew	landing	Weapon
		Used to transport infantry. They differ in the wheel-motor system and armor.	2	8	14.5 mm and 7.62 mm machine guns
			3	7
			3	7	30 mm gun

Armored cars:

A photo	Name	Description	Speed, km/h	Equipment
		Armored car of Italian production of cross-country ability.	Up to 130	Heavy machine gun, armored glass, protection against land mines and mines
	GAZ-2975 "Tiger"	Modern domestic armored car. It has good armor, high-explosive protection. There is a modification with missiles "Competition"	Up to 140	Installation of 30-mm autocannons, various machine guns, AGS and ATGMs

Artillery and rocket troops:

A photo	Name	Short description	Crew	Equipment	Range of fire, km
		Cannon mount designed for fire support of advancing forces	6	152 mm gun, machine guns	up to 26
			4	152 mm gun	up to 20
			4	122 mm gun	Up to 15
	"Grad", "Smerch", "Pinocchio", "Sunshine"	Multiple launch rocket systems	Until 6	Rockets up to 300 mm caliber	Up to 120
		Tactical missile systems	To 10	Missiles of different ranges	Up to 120
			Up to several dozen	Missiles, including those with nuclear warheads	Up to 500
	Buk, Thor, Pantsir-S, S-300, S-400	Air defense systems	Up to several dozen	Missiles, mainly with small submunitions	Coverage up to 1000

Aviation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

Picture	Name	Description	Equipment	Max. speed, km/h
		Fighters	Air-to-air missiles and small caliber guns	up to 2500
				up to 2500
				up to 2500
	Su-24, Su-34	frontline bombers	High-explosive bombs, including cluster bombs	up to 2200
		Stormtrooper	Guided and unguided missiles, guns, bombs	Before 2000
		Long range strategic bombers	Missiles, including those with nuclear warheads, and bombs	up to 2300
				Up to 750
				up to 2200
		Transport aircraft	—	up to 800
	An-72
	An-124
	IL-76
	IL-96-300PU	Radar detection aircraft	Equipped with specific equipment for electronic intelligence	up to 800
	A-50	air command post	—	up to 800
		Attack helicopters	Rockets, machine guns, cannons	Up to 600
		Army helicopters	Rockets, guns	up to 800

Navy ships:

Picture	Project	Type of
		Aircraft carrier. Carries fighter jets. For defense, small-caliber guns and anti-aircraft missile launchers are provided.
	1164	Missile cruiser. It is used to destroy enemy fortifications and ships, using missiles of various calibers.
	1155	Anti-submarine ships. Armed with cannon artillery and torpedoes.
	775	Landing ship for transporting heavy armored vehicles and manpower. In addition to delivery, it provides cover for the landing forces.
	949	An underwater missile carrier carrying torpedoes in addition to missiles. Can launch from a submerged position. Carries nuclear weapons.

Number of members

The size of the army is a state secret. Therefore, in open sources there is only information for 2011. According to these data, the RF Armed Forces number about 1,000 thousand people, which is more than two times less than at the time of the creation of the armed forces of our country.

Service in the Russian army

In 2017, the term of service of a conscript soldier is 1 calendar year (in the Navy - 2). During this time, his training takes place. The course includes combat and rifle training. In addition, it all depends on the type of troops where the recruit gets. Depending on this, additional skills are taught.

During the service, the soldiers live in the barracks. They eat in common canteens. In case of illness, treatment takes place in the medical corps of the military unit.

There are also higher military educational institutions. The future officers are being trained there. Each military university has its own narrow specialization.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central bodies of military command, associations, formations, units, subunits and organizations that are part of the types and types of troops, the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and troops that are not included in the types and types of troops.

To central authorities include the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense of Russia), the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputies of the minister of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the composition of the central governing bodies includes the High Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform the assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces, the Air Force, the Navy.

Each branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of branches of service (forces), special forces and rear services.

Under kind of troops is understood as a part of the service of the RF Armed Forces, which is distinguished by its main armament, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent types of troops. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Aerospace Defense Forces and the Airborne Forces.

Associations- these are military formations, including several formations or associations of a smaller scale, and TE.KZh6 units and institutions. The formations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district- is a territorial combined-arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The military district covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.

Fleet- the highest operational association of the Navy. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.

Formations are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various types of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance. Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations. The word "connection" means the connection of parts: the division headquarters has the status of a unit to which other units (regiments) are subordinate. Together, this is the division. However, in some cases, the brigade can also have the status of a connection. This happens if it includes separate battalions and companies, each of which in itself has the status of a unit. The brigade headquarters in this case, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and the battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part- is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all types of the RF Armed Forces. The concept of "part" most often refers to the regiment and brigade. In addition to them, division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military department, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison house of officers, garrison consumer services complex, central school of junior specialists, etc.). Parts can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, separate battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as separate companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Flag, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word "unit". The word comes from the concept of "division, divide", i.e. part is divided into divisions.

To organizations include such structures for supporting the life of the RF Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation It is designed to provide all types of material resources and the maintenance of their stocks, prepare and operate communications, ensure military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary and hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics tasks. The rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield, etc.), as well as repair, medical, rear guards and other units and subunits.

Quartering and arrangement of troops- the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, quartering troops, creating conditions for the strategic deployment of the RF Armed Forces and the conduct of hostilities.

The troops that are not included in the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia), and the Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops designed to protect the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve the problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural values ​​on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

The army, to one degree or another, concerns every citizen, therefore, willy-nilly, people are aware of it. But after all, the army is a too generalized and abstract concept, which includes tanks and footcloths, nuclear weapons and stars on shoulder straps, and much more. In order to streamline the troops by type, establish a certain hierarchy and divide the territory of the state into controlled areas, there is a special term - the organizational structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. With its help, today we will find out what types and types of troops the modern Russian army consists of, how many military districts our huge country is divided into, and also get acquainted with the system of command of the Russian troops.

The familiar army of Russia is, first of all, a military organization, the date of creation of which is officially considered May 7, 1992 (on this day the corresponding Decree of the President of the country was issued). The main purpose of the armed forces of the Russian Federation is to repel an attack from an external military source, as well as to preserve the integrity of the country's territory, in other words, defense. The list of missions of the aircraft also includes the guaranteed fulfillment of the tasks set on the basis of the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

Territorial structure

Let us first consider the territorial structure of the Russian Armed Forces. Its final formation took place relatively recently, during the period of the military reform, so the current version is somewhat different from the structure, for example, 10 years ago. From a military point of view, the territory of the country is divided into 5 districts, in the department of each of which there are certain areas.

1. West. This unit was formed in 2010 by merging the Moscow and Leningrad districts. All military formations located on the territory entrusted to the district, except for the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Forces, are subordinate to the commander. ZVO includes such regions as Kaliningrad, Kursk, Tver, Tambov, Pskov (plus several others), as well as the cities of the Moscow region and St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region (the headquarters is located in the northern capital).
2. Southern. The district was also formed in 2010, to replace the former North Caucasus. At the disposal of the commander there are troops located in the entrusted territory, except for the Strategic Missile Forces, the Airborne Forces and some other units subordinate to the central high command. The Southern Military District includes such republics as Dagestan, Adygea, Ingushetia, Kalmykia, Crimea (plus a few more), as well as 2 territories, 3 regions and the city of Sevastopol. The headquarters headed by the commander of the Southern Military District is located in Rostov-on-Don.
3. Central. Year of foundation and formation - 2010. Previous units - Volga-Ural and Siberian (partially) districts. In terms of the entrusted territory, the Central Military District is the leader among the districts (about 40% of the entire territory of Russia is within its boundaries). The district includes such republics as Tatarstan, Khakassia, Mordovia, Mari El (and others). In addition, the structure includes 3 territories, 15 regions and 2 autonomous districts. The department of the Central Military District also has the Gatchina military base No. 201, stationed in Tajikistan. The headquarters is located in the city of Yekaterinburg.
4. Oriental. A military unit was formed in 2010 from the second part of the Siberian Military District, as well as the Far East. The Eastern District ranks second in terms of the area of ​​entrusted territory (about 7 million square kilometers). The VVO includes 2 republics, 4 territories, 3 regions, the Jewish Autonomy, as well as the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The headquarters, headed by the commander of the district, is located in Khabarovsk.
5. Northernfleet. During the military reform in 2010, the Northern Fleet, together with the Baltic Fleet, was decided to be included in the Western Military District, but in 2014 a special strategic command "North" was created. As a result, the fleet became an independent military unit (in fact, it is the fifth military district). The headquarters of the IC "Sever" is located in the city of Severomorsk.

Composition of the army

The Russian army includes 3 types of armed forces (SV, VVS, Navy), as well as 3 types of troops directly subordinate to the central high command (Airborne Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, VKS). Consider each of the combat units in more detail.

Ground troops

SV are the largest type of military personnel. The main purpose of the SV is defensive actions (repelling an enemy attack on the country's territory), as well as a subsequent offensive (including the defeat of enemy units with the capture of territory). The SV includes the following types of troops:

• motorized rifle (infantrymen carrying out the offensive with the help of infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers);
• tank (the main goal is to break through the enemy line through the use of mobile equipment with a high degree of security);
• rocket and artillery (the task of these troops is to destroy enemy targets with fire at a long distance by means of rocket launchers and barrel launchers);
• air defense troops (protect the rest of the ground forces from attacks and bombing from the air and counteract enemy air reconnaissance).

As a rule, all the listed types of troops do not act separately, but are used together as a complex defense or offensive. Also, the SV includes highly specialized troops (for example, railway or engineering).

air force

By analogy with the ground forces, the Air Force is divided into branches of aviation, each of which performs its own specific tasks:

• long-range aviation (carries out strategic depth bombardment of economically important areas of the enemy);
• front-line (performs tasks at a shallower depth);
• army (supports ground forces through air bombardment of armored and mobile targets of the enemy);
• military transport (transports equipment, manpower and specialized cargo).

In addition, the air force includes such a subspecies as special aviation, as well as units of anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering troops.

Navy

This type of aircraft is a special force, the purpose of which is to protect the economic territory of the Russian Federation, located on the high seas. Also in the list of tasks assigned to the Navy in peacetime is the implementation of the search and rescue process.

The Navy of the Russian Federation has submarine and surface forces, coastal troops, as well as naval aviation. Geographically, the Navy is divided into 5 separately existing fleets located along all sea borders of Russia.

Airborne

These troops belong to the type of independent, subordinate to the central command. The main task of the fighters is the successful implementation of the landing on enemy territory with the subsequent conduct of military operations.

Strategic Missile Forces

It is also a type of troops subordinate to the high command. The main task of such troops is to deter possible aggression from an external enemy due to the nuclear potential of missiles, the introduction of which may have catastrophic consequences on a global scale.

Aerospace Forces

A relatively new type, which is also subordinate to the central high command. The task assigned to this type of troops is to identify the fact of a missile strike from a potential enemy, as well as the air defense of the city of Moscow.

Control system

Having learned what types and types of armed forces are available in the Russian army, it remains for us to find out how the highest hierarchy works. It looks like this. The Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the President of Russia. During peacetime, he determines the direction of the vector of military policy, approves state military programs, and personally approves the location of objects of high secrecy, including those containing nuclear warheads. The president also personally forms citizens for military service.

The second most important person in the country from a military point of view is the Minister of Defense. In his department are the General Staff and the Ministry of Defense (the main bodies of the central military administration). These institutions, in turn, house the highest commands of the types of troops. At the same time, the heads of the military districts are located in the headquarters located in the respective cities.