Abstractionism abstractionism
(from lat. abstractio - distraction), non-objective art, one of the most influential art movements of the 20th century, which arose in the beginning. 1910s At the heart of the creative method of abstractionism is a complete rejection of "life-likeness", images of the forms of reality. An abstract picture is built on the ratio of colored spots, lines, strokes; sculpture - on combinations of three-dimensional and flat geometrized forms. With the help of abstract constructions, the artists wanted to express the internal patterns and intuitively comprehended essences of the world, the Universe, hidden behind visible forms.
The date of birth of abstractionism is considered to be 1910, when V.V. Kandinsky exhibited in Munich the first abstract work in the history of art (a watercolor) and wrote a treatise "On the Spiritual in Art", in which he substantiated his creative method with the discoveries of science. Soon, abstractionism becomes a powerful movement, within which various directions arise: lyrical abstraction (paintings by Kandinsky and the masters of combining "Blue Rider" with their fluid, "musical" forms and emotional expressiveness of color) and geometric abstraction (K.S. Malevich, P. Mondrian, partly by R. Delaunay, whose compositions are built on combinations of elementary geometric figures: squares, rectangles, crosses, circles). Malevich's programmatic work was his famous "Black Square" (1915). The artist called his method Suprematism (from Latin supremus - the highest). The desire to break away from earthly reality led him to a passion for space (Malevich was one of the authors of the famous play "Victory over the Sun"). The artist called his abstract compositions "planites" and "architectons", symbolizing the "idea of universal dynamism".
In the beginning. 20th century Abstract art has spread to many Western countries. In 1912 neoplasticism was born in Holland. The creator of neoplasticism, P. Mondrian, together with T. van Doesburg, founded the De Stijl group (1917) and a magazine under the same name (published until 1922). The "human principle" was completely expelled from their art. Members of the De Stijl group created canvases where the surfaces drawn with a grid of lines formed rectangular cells filled with pure uniform colors, which, according to Mondrian, expressed the idea of pure plastic beauty. He wanted to create a painting "devoid of individuality" and, because of this, possessing "world significance".
In 1918-20. in Russia arose based on the ideas of Suprematism constructivism, which united architects (K.S. Melnikov, A. A. Vesnin and others), sculptors (V. E. Tatlin, N. Gabo, A. Pevzner), graphs ( El Lissitzky, A. M. Rodchenko). The essence of the direction was outlined by Vesnin: “Things created by contemporary artists should be pure constructions without the ballast of figurativeness.” An important role in the development of constructivism was played by the Bauhaus, an art association founded in 1919 in Germany by the architect W. Gropius (P. Klee; V. V. Kandinsky, El Lissitzky and others). In 1930, the French critic M. Seyfor created the Circle and Square group in Paris. In 1931, the "Abstraction - Creativity" association was founded in Paris, founded by emigrants from Russia N. Gabo and A. Pevzner. Tachisme (from the French tache - spot) was a particularly radical trend. Tashists (P. Soulages, H. Hartung, J. Mathieu and others) did without brushes. They splashed, splattered paint on the canvas, then smeared or trampled it. They mixed soot, tar, coal, sand, broken glass with paints, believing that the color of dirt is no less beautiful than the color of the sky. With the outbreak of World War II, the center of abstract art moved to the United States (J. Pollock, A. Gorky, V. Kooning, Fr. Klein, M. Tobey, M. Rothko). In the 1960s a new upsurge of abstractionism began. This trend in art remains relevant today, but no longer occupies a dominant position, as in the beginning. 20th century
(Source: "Art. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Under the editorship of Prof. A.P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen; 2007.)
Synonyms:
See what "abstractionism" is in other dictionaries:
- [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Abstract art Dictionary of Russian synonyms. abstractionism n., number of synonyms: 2 abstract art (1) … Synonym dictionary
abstractionism- a, m. abstractionnisme m., eng. abstracitonism.1926. Rey 1998. An extremely formalist trend in painting, sculpture and graphics. SIS 1985. Unlike abstract art, realism is always concrete. Zalygin Features of documentary. Lex. SIS 1964 ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
ABSTRACTIONISM, a, husband. In the visual arts of the 20th century: a direction, followers of which depict the real world as a combination of abstract forms or color spots. | adj. abstractionist, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
- (lat. abstractio - distraction) - a direction in the art of the twentieth century, especially painting, which refused to depict the forms of reality. The aesthetic credo of abstractionism was expounded by V. Kandinsky. Abstract art - ... ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies
- (Latin abstractio removal, distraction) the direction of non-figurative art, which abandoned the representation of forms close to reality in painting and sculpture. One of the goals of abstractionism is to achieve ... ... Wikipedia
Abstractionism- (from Latin abstractus abstract) abstract, non-objective, non-figurative art; a trend in the lawsuit of the 20th century, which put forward the idea of refusing to depict the forms of reality. It aims to create compositions with different emotions. content with… … Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
abstractionism- a, only unit, m. A direction in painting, sculpture, graphics of the twentieth century, whose followers reproduce the real world in the form of abstract forms, color spots, lines, etc. Since the time of Apollinaire, the parallel between music and so on has become a habit … … Popular dictionary of the Russian language
abstractionism- (from Latin abstractio removal, distraction) a direction in the art of the 20th century, whose adherents fundamentally refuse to depict real objects and phenomena (mainly in painting, sculpture and graphics); the ultimate expression of modernism... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism
Abstractionism- (lat. abstrahere) - 1. the formalist direction in painting, founded by V. Kandinsky (1910 1914), later embodied in the main trend in the development of other trends in fine arts mainly in Western culture (cubism, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy
Books
- Currents in art. From Impressionism to the Present Day, Georgina Bertolina, This volume of the encyclopedia is a logical continuation of the book "Styles in Art" and covers the whole variety of processes that have taken place in the world of artistic creation, starting from ... Category:
Abstract art got its name from the Latin - Abstractus, which means abstract, that is, non-objective. This is one of the areas of art, which consciously renounces the image of the real world and items from the real world. The main canon of abstractness is the expression of feelings, emotions, experiences with the help of images, symbols, a sensual combination of colors. Abstract art is not a separate style or genre, but rather a combination of various art movements, such as Op Art, Expressionism and others. It arose as an official, presumably, in 1910 in France, where it developed vigorously until it conquered the whole world. Also, it is worth saying that it is applicable not only to painting, but also to sculpture, design and even architecture. After World War II, this style of art developed under the name of Tachisme, so for those who don't know, Tachisme and Abstract Art are synonyms. In Russia, the development of abstract art was hindered in every possible way and, even during the communist regime, any manifestations of it were persecuted as inappropriate to the communist ideology.
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abstract expressionism
Abstract Expressionism as the New York School developed in America. During the Second World War, almost all avant-garde artists emigrated to America, including Andre Breton, Salvador Dali and many others. Already there, by combining their efforts, the so-called school of abstract expressionism is being created. This kind of painting characterized by a fast image, using large brushes, often it is done with strokes or drops, all this is done for one thing - to convey some kind of emotion or strong expression. Basically, abstract expressionism is drawn on large, monumental canvases. Such a solid scope, and some canvases reached five meters in length, excites the viewer's imagination. Many artists saw this type of art in their own way, each had his own style. For example, Gorki added to his paintings some floating figures or, as they were called, hybrids. Jackson Pollock simply spread the canvas on the floor and sprayed paint on it. Subsequently, this style was called Dripping (dripping). Mark Rothko painted over his canvases with large colored planes, leaving unpainted areas between them, which aroused the interest of the viewer and aroused imagination. Frank Stella experimented with the canvases themselves, cutting corners or turning them into polygons. Thus, the Abstract Expressionists achieved the exact opposite of their art and the art of traditional painting.
Abstractionism in art
Abstract art or non-objective art. One of the forms of avant-garde that arose in the first half of the 20th century. The main criterion of Abstractionism was the renunciation and rejection of the image of the real world, real things and events. The founders of this interesting trend were V. Kandinsky, P. Mondrian and K. Malevich. The emergence of abstractionism in art, which will come to replace ordinary realism, was predicted by Plato, and appeared as a certain pattern of boring ordinary painting and other avant-garde (surrealism, dadaism). And so it happened. This genre is often distinguished by strong impulsiveness, as if by random color combinations.
Abstractionism is a relatively young art movement. The year 1910 is officially recognized as the year of its birth, when the artist Wassily Kandinsky exhibited the first canvas in a new technique, painted in watercolor.
Representatives of abstract art take simple and complex forms, lines, planes as the basis for creating their own masterpieces and play with color. What happens in the end has nothing to do with real objects. This is a work that is accessible only to the superconscious through the sensory world of the individual.
For decades after the appearance of the first work in this style, abstractionism has undergone various changes, actively introduced into other avant-garde trends.
(Abstraction by Carol Hein)
Within the framework of abstractionism, artists created numerous paintings, sculptures, and installations. Separate elements have been used and continue to be successfully implemented, including in the interiors of modern premises.
Today, the abstract trend in art is divided into geometric and lyrical abstraction. The geometric direction of abstractionism is characterized by strict and clear lines, stable states. Lyrical abstraction is characterized by free form and demonstration of the dynamics set by the master or artist.
Abstract art in painting
It was with painting that abstractionism began its development. On canvas and paper, he was revealed to the world through the play of color and lines, recreating something that had no analogues in the real world of objects.
(...and a clearer abstraction by Carol Hein)
Bright representatives of abstractionism are:
- Kandinsky;
- Malevich;
- Mondrian.
Later, they had many followers, each of whom made his own artistic contribution, applying new techniques for applying paints and new principles for creating an abstract composition.
(Wassily Vasilyevich Kandinsky "Composition IV")
The founders of the direction, creating their masterpieces on canvas, relied on new scientific and philosophical theories. For example, Kandinsky, justifying his own artistic creations, appealed to the theosophical works of Blavatsky. Mondrian was a representative of neoplasticism and actively used pure lines and colors in his works. His paintings were repeatedly copied by many representatives of the field of painting and art. Malevich was an ardent supporter of the theory of Suprematism. The primacy in the art of painting was given by the master to color.
(Kazimir Malevich "Composition of geometric shapes")
In general, abstractionism in painting turned out to be a twofold direction for ordinary people. One considered such works to be dead ends, the second - they sincerely admired the ideas that the artists put into their creations.
Despite the randomness of lines, shapes and colors, paintings and works of art in the style of abstractionism create a single and holistically perceived composition by the audience.
Directions of art abstractionism
Works in the style of abstractionism are difficult to clearly classify, since this direction has many followers, each of whom contributed his own vision to development. In general, it can be divided according to the type of predominance of lines or techniques. To date, there are:
- color abstractionism. Within the framework of these works, the artists play with colors and shades, placing the emphasis in the works on the perception of them by the mind of the beholder;
- geometric abstractionism. This trend has its own strict characteristic differences. These are clear lines and shapes, the illusion of depth and linear perspectives. Representatives of this trend are Suprematis, neoplasticists;
- expressive abstractionism and tachisme. The emphasis in these branches is not on colors, shapes and lines, but on the technique of applying paint, through which dynamics is set, emotions are conveyed and the unconscious of the artist is reflected, working without any preliminary plan;
- minimalistic abstract art. This trend is closer to the avant-garde. Its essence boils down to the absence of references to any associations. Lines, shapes and colors are used concisely and to a minimum.
The birth of abstractionism as a trend in art was the result of the changes that hovered at the beginning of the last century, associated with numerous new discoveries that began to move humanity forward. Everything new and still incomprehensible needed the same explanation and way out, including through art.
The beauty of the surrounding world, experiences and significant events in life since ancient times have prompted a person to convey visual images with the help of paints. Painting has come a long way from rock paintings and ancient frescoes to unique works of art that amaze with realism.
By the end of the 19th century, some artists began to look for new ways of expression, trying to bring an unconventional look, a new philosophy to their works. From that time on, mastering the technique of performance was no longer enough.
So, at the turn of the century, a direction called "modernism" appeared with its inherent revision of classical art, a challenge to established aesthetic canons. Within its framework, a very special trend developed - abstractionism.
Concept definition
The Latin word abstractio is translated into Russian as "distraction". It was used to define a new style in painting that arose at the beginning of the 20th century. They were used not by chance, since abstract artists, without attaching great importance to the level of performance, put the author's special vision and new means of expression in the foreground.
In other words, abstractionism is a specific type of fine art that has refused to convey real forms and objects. Therefore, it is often characterized as non-figurative or non-objective art.
Instead of conveying visual images, abstractionists focus on displaying the internal, intuitive patterns of comprehending the world, which are hidden behind visible objects.
For this reason, it is impossible to find associations with familiar things in their works. The main role here is played by the ratio of colors, spots, geometric shapes and lines. In addition to artists, some sculptors, architects, designers, musicians, photographers and even poets became interested in the art of abstraction.
Historical milestones
Wassily Kandinsky is considered to be the founder of abstractionism. In 1910, he painted his first painting in Germany in a technique that was new at that time. Moreover, in 1911 Kandinsky's book "On Spiritual Art" was published in Munich.
In it, he outlined his aesthetic philosophy, which was formed under the influence of the works of R. Steiner and E. Blavatsky. The book was a huge success, and a new trend in painting was called "abstractionism". This was the starting point: now a non-objective approach to creativity has gained popularity in various types of fine art.
Despite the fact that Russian artists such as Kandinsky V. and Malevich K. stood at the origins of abstractionism, in the Soviet Union of the 30s the new direction was ostracized. During the Second World War, America became the center of abstract art, where many of its representatives immigrated from Europe. Here, back in 1937, the Museum of Non-Objective Painting was opened.
Post-war abstract art went through several stages of development, including the revival of non-figurative art in Russia with the beginning of perestroika. Artists finally got the opportunity to create paintings in different directions. They transferred personal subjective experiences to canvases with the help of color, especially white, which has become one of the main components of modern non-objective art.
Directions of abstractionism
From the first years of the emergence of a new type of fine art, two main directions began to develop within its framework: geometric and lyrical. The first was reflected in the work of Kazimir Malevich, Peter Mondrian, Robert Delaunay and others. The lyrical direction was developed by Wassily Kandinsky, Jackson Pollock, Hans Hartung, etc.
Geometric abstractionism uses ordered figures, planes and lines, while lyrical abstractionism, on the contrary, operates with randomly scattered color spots. In turn, on the basis of these two directions, other currents were formed, connected with abstractionism by a single aesthetic concept: systematism, constructivism, suprematism, orphism, tachisme, neoplasticism, rayonism.
Luchism and lyrics
Discoveries in the field of physics at the beginning of the 20th century served as an impetus for the emergence of such a trend as rayonism within the geometric direction. The Russian artists M. Larionov and N. Goncharova stood at its origins. According to their idea, any object is the sum of rays that are transmitted on the canvas by oblique colored lines. The task of the artist is to create a form out of them in accordance with his own aesthetic vision.
And in the 50s of the last century, geometric abstraction, including Rayonism, temporarily gave way to the lyrical direction. It is characterized by improvisational performance, as well as an appeal to the emotional state of the artist. In other words, lyrical abstractionism is a kind of snapshot of a person's emotional experiences, made without depicting objects and forms.
Geometric lyricism of Kandinsky
As already noted, the style of abstractionism owes its appearance to V. Kandinsky. Preparing for a career as a lawyer, he subsequently became interested in painting and, having gone through the stages of passion for various areas of modernism, he created his own, unique type of abstract painting.
Having proclaimed a departure from nature to the essence of phenomena, Kandinsky dealt with the problems of convergence of color and music. In addition, the influence of symbolism in relation to color interpretation is clearly visible in his work.
In different periods of his life, the artist was fond of either geometric or lyrical direction. As a result, abstractionism in Kandinsky's painting, especially of the late period, combines the principles of both trends.
Neoplasticism by Peter Mondrian
The Dutchman P. Mondrian, along with V. Kandinsky, is considered one of the founders of abstract art. Together with his followers, the artist founded in 1917 the society "Style", which published the magazine of the same name.
The aesthetic views of Mondrian formed the basis of a new direction - neoplasticism. Its characteristic feature is the use of large rectangular planes painted in the primary colors of the spectrum. It can certainly be classified as geometric abstractionism.
The paintings of Mondrian P., obsessed with the balance of horizontals and verticals, are canvases consisting of rectangles of different sizes and different colors, separated by black bold lines.
Neoplasticism had a noticeable influence on architecture, furniture design, interior design, and typographic art.
Suprematism by Malevich
Abstractionism in the art of Kazimir Malevich is characterized by a certain technique of superimposing two layers of paint to obtain a special kind of color spot. The name of the artist is associated with the emergence of Suprematism - a direction in which the simplest geometric shapes of different colors are combined.
Malevich created his own unique system of abstract fine art. His famous "Black Square", painted on a white background, is still one of the most talked about paintings by abstract artists.
At the end of his life, Malevich returned from non-objective to figurative painting. True, in some canvases the artist still tried to combine the techniques of realism and suprematism, as can be seen in the painting “Girl with a shaft”.
Undeniable Contribution
The attitude towards non-objective painting is very different: from categorical rejection to sincere admiration. Nevertheless, one cannot deny the influence that the abstract genre has had on contemporary art. Artists created new directions, from which architects, sculptors, and designers drew fresh ideas.
And this trend continues. For example, in modern non-objective painting, a plot direction is developing, which is characterized by the construction of an image that evokes certain associations.
Sometimes we don’t even notice how many objects made in this technique surround us: furniture and its upholstery, jewelry, desktop wallpapers, etc. Abstract techniques are also widely used in Photoshop and computer graphics.
Thus, abstractionism is an artistic phenomenon in art, which, regardless of our attitude towards it, occupies an important place in modern society.
Abstract art abstract art
(abstractionism), a direction in the art of the 20th century, refusing to depict real objects and phenomena in painting, sculpture and graphics. Appeared in the 10s, in the late 40s - early 60s. belonged to the most widespread currents of art. Some currents of abstract art (Suprematism, Neoplasticism), echoing searches in architecture and the art industry, created ordered structures from lines, geometric shapes and volumes, others (Tashism) sought to express the spontaneity, unconsciousness of creativity in the dynamics of spots or volumes.
ABSTRACT ARTABSTRACT ART (abstractionism, non-objective art (cm. NON-OBJECTIVE ART), non-figurative art), a set of trends in the visual arts of the 20th century, replacing the direct reproduction of natural reality with pictorial-plastic signs and symbols, or with a “pure” play of artistic forms. “Pure” abstraction should be taken conditionally, since even in the most abstract images from a specific nature one can always guess certain subject-figure motifs and prototypes - still life, landscape, architectural, etc.
The art of ornamentation has always served as a permanent reservoir of such forms. Important historical anticipations of abstract art were also the artist’s passion for anamorphoses (or, as it were, “random” images) that could be guessed in natural textures (for example, in cuts of minerals) since ancient times, as well as the principle of non-finito that was born in the Renaissance. (cm. NON-FINITO)(external incompleteness, allowing you to admire the play of lines and colors, regardless of plot forms). The predominantly ornamental art of Islam, as well as the Far Eastern calligraphy, which freed the brush from the need to constantly imitate external nature, developed throughout the Middle Ages in a non-objective way. In Europe, in the era of romanticism and symbolism, that is, in the 19th century, artists sometimes - usually at the stage of a sketch, but sometimes in finished things - went into the world of non-figurative visions (such are some of the fantasies of the late J. M. W. Turner (cm. TURNER William) or sketches by G. Moreau); but these were only individual exceptions, and the decisive change occurred only in the early 1910s.
The art of "great spirituality"
The first actually abstract paintings were created in 1910-1911. V. V. Kandinsky (cm. KANDINSKY Vasily Vasilievich) and Czech F. Kupka (cm. KUPKA Frantisek), and already in 1912 the first of them substantiated his creative discoveries in detail in the program essay “On the Spiritual in Art”. In the next 12 years, other landmark events took place: around 1913 M. F. Larionov (cm. LARIONOV Mikhail Fedorovich) and N. S. Goncharova (cm. GONCHAROV Natalia Sergeevna) they switched to abstract art from futurism (Larionov called the new method "Rayonism"); at the same time, a similar shift occurred in the work of the Italian J. Balla (cm. BALLA Giacomo). In 1912-1913. the non-objective "orphism" of R. Delaunay was born (cm. Delaunay Robert), and in 1915-1917. - a more rigorous, geometric version of abstract art, created by K. S. Malevich (cm. MALEVICH Kazimir Severinovich) in Russia (Suprematism), and then P. Mondrian (cm. MONDRIAN Pete) in the Netherlands (neoplasticism). As a result, an experimental field was formed, where almost all the avant-garde styles of that time intersected, from Futurism to Dadaism.
Three directions of abstract creativity were immediately identified: 1) geometric; 2) sign (i.e., focusing on symbols or pictograms); 3) organic, following the rhythm of nature (in Russia, P. N. Filonov was the largest supporter of such abstract organics (cm. FILONOV Pavel Nikolaevich)). Such a classification, however, concerns only external, formal features, since all variants of early abstract art were symbolic in one way or another and all were inspired in one way or another by the "cosmic rhythms" of nature. Delaunay's Orphism, proceeding from the scale of pure colors, constituted a special direction, which can be conditionally called "chromatic".
Behind the formal differences was the kinship of the inner content. Having experienced the strong influence of Theosophy and similar mystical currents (i.e., the influence of authors such as H. P. Blavatsky (cm. BLAVATSKAYA Elena Petrovna) and her followers, as well as P. D. Uspensky (cm. USPENSKY Petr Demyanovich) in Russia and M. Schoenmeckers in the Netherlands), Kandinsky, Kupka, Malevich and Mondrian were convinced that their paintings, where the former world visually disappears into the cosmic “nothing”, represent an artistic apocalypse or, in other words, show the viewer that threshold beyond which opens a new “epoch of great spirituality” (Kandinsky) and “enters into world flowering” (Filonov). The advent of the period of wars and revolutions only strengthened these romantic-idealistic convictions.
Design and lyrics
In the 1920s abstract art, retaining its utopian background (but not so "apocalyptic") became more practical and less mystical. "Bauhaus (cm. bauhaus)”in Germany actively mastered its creative potential (primarily in its geometric version) to update the design, and with it the social life in general. Abstractionism began to take root in life, including fashion (for example, S. Delaunay-Turk (cm. DELAUNE Sonia) used the motifs of her husband's paintings for the design of fabrics, interiors and even cars). It was abstract art that powerfully contributed to the formation of what began to be called the "modern style" of decorative art. In turn, non-objectivity was actively mastered in sculpture, both easel and monumental and decorative (H. Arp (cm. ARP Hans (Jean)), K. Brancusi (cm. Brancusi Constantine), N. Gabo (cm. GABO Naum Abramovich), A. Pevzner and others). The activities of the French association "Abstraction-creation" ("Abstraction-creation") contributed to the transition of abstract art from philosophical utopias to more contemplative and lyrical images.
However, the finally new, fourth direction of this art, the so-called. "lyrical abstractionism" (which became personal, confessional in its own way, self-expression of artists) took shape somewhat later, in the 1940s. in New York. It was abstract expressionism, dominated by a very large, textured brushstroke, as if spontaneously thrown onto the canvas (J. Pollock (cm. Pollock Jackson), W. de Kooning (cm. KUNING Willem), and etc.). The dramatic tension inherent in many of these things acquired in Western Europe in the 1940s and 1950s. even more tragic in the so-called. "informele (cm. INFORMEL)"(Wols, A. Tapies, J. Fautrier), while in tachisme (cm. TASHISM), on the contrary, the major-epic or impressionistic-landscape beginning prevailed (J. Mathieu, P. Tal-Coat, H. Hartung and others); Initially, the focus of both these areas (whose names are sometimes used synonymously) was Paris. In the same period, there were also points of convergence between abstract art and Far Eastern calligraphy (for example, in the work of the American M. Toby and the Chinese Zao-Wooki, who worked in France).
Between underground and glory
The official recognition of abstract art in the West occurred in the middle of the 20th century, at the time of the dominance of the international style in architecture (non-objective - pictorial or sculptural - forms greatly enlivened the monotony of glass-concrete structures). Parallel to this, a fashion arose for “color field painting”, which explores the expressive possibilities of large, evenly (or with slight tonal variations) painted color surfaces (B. Newman, M. Rothko (cm. ROTKO Mark)), and in the 1960s. - on a sharp-contour “hardedge” (Hard-Edge) or “painting of clear edges”. Later, abstract art, as a rule, no longer separated itself stylistically, merging with pop art, op art and other postmodernist movements.
In Soviet Russia, abstract art for a long time (since the 1930s) actually developed underground, since it was officially considered the focus of "reactionary-formalist influences of the West" (it is characteristic that the words "abstractionism" and "modernism" in the Soviet press were often used as synonyms). During the thaw period, architecture served as a kind of outlet for him, often including abstract or semi-abstract compositions in its design. Coming to the public during the years of perestroika, the new Russian abstract art demonstrated a rich range of diverse trends (mainly in painting and graphics), continuing the beginnings of the early Russian avant-garde in an original way. Among his recognized masters (1960-1990s) - E. M. Belyutin (cm. Belyutin Eliy Mikhailovich), Yu. S. Zlotnikov, E. L. Kropivnitsky (cm. KROPIVNITSKY Evgeny Leonidovich), M. A. Kulakov, L. Ya. Masterkova, V. N. Nemukhin (cm. NEMUKHIN Vladimir Nikolaevich), L. V. Nusberg (cm. NUSBERG Lev Valdemarovich), V. L. Slepyan, E. A. Steinberg (cm. STEINBERG Eduard Arkadyevich).
encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .
Synonyms:See what "abstract art" is in other dictionaries:
- (from Latin abstractus abstract), abstractionism, non-objective art, non-figurative art, a modernist movement that fundamentally abandoned the depiction of real objects in painting, sculpture and graphics. Program… … Art Encyclopedia
Abstract art- Abstract art. V.V. Kandinsky. Composition. Watercolor. 1910. National Museum of Modern Art. Paris. ABSTRACT ART (abstractionism), a trend in avant-garde (see Avant-gardism) art of the 20th century, refusing to ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (non-objective, non-figurative) direction in painting of the 20th century, which refused to depict the forms of reality; one of the main vanguard trends. The first abstract the works were created in 1910 by V. Kandinsky and in 1912 by F. Kupka ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies
- (abstractionism), a direction in avant-garde (see Avant-gardism) art of the 20th century, refusing to depict real objects and phenomena in painting, sculpture and graphics. It arose in the 10s, belonged to the most common ... ... Modern Encyclopedia
- (abstractionism non-objective art, non-figurative art), a set of trends in the art culture of the 20th century, replacing naturalistic, easily recognizable objectivity with a more or less free play of lines, colors and forms (plot and subject ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Exist., number of synonyms: 1 abstractionism (2) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
abstract art- a trend in painting, sculpture and graphics of the 20th century, Kandinsky's abstract art especially loves the comparison of painting with music, and therefore abstract art is, from his point of view, the extraction of pure sound (Reinhardt) ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
Abstractionism, non-objective art, non-figurative art, a trend in the art of many, mainly capitalist, countries, which fundamentally abandoned any signs of depicting real objects in painting, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
National Museum of Modern Art. Paris... Collier Encyclopedia
Abstractionism (lat. “abstractio” removal, distraction) is a direction of non-figurative art that has abandoned the representation of forms close to reality in painting and sculpture. One of the goals of abstractionism is to achieve "harmonization" ... Wikipedia
Books
- Gleb Bogomolov , Non-figurative, "abstract" art - which is well known to professionals and serious viewers - is partly a myth. Any artist paints only reality. However, there is reality and reality.… Category:
