Today in the world society there are many different subcultures. Representatives of a particular subculture are called informals- they are distinguished by originality, unusualness, brightness. An informal person tries to demonstrate his individuality. We present a list of the main subcultures, and then we will talk about some of them in more detail.

• Alternatives
• anime people
• Bikers
• vanilla
• Glamor
• Gopnik
• grungers
• graffitiers
• Cyber ​​Goth
• Metalworkers
• New Age (New Age)
• Punks
• Pedovki
• Rastafans
• Ravers
• rockers
• rappers
• Skinheads
• dudes
• straight age
• Tolkienists
• Trash Models
• Freaks
• Football fans
• hackers
• Hippie
• hipsters

Alternatives

In the early 90s, an alternative subculture was formed, which included rappers, metalheads and punks. Representatives of this subculture are distinguished by friendliness towards representatives of other directions. It is believed that the subculture was formed thanks to the group Rage Against The Machine.

The appearance of alternatives is catchy, they are quite easy to distinguish from representatives of other subcultures. As a rule, they walk around in piercings and wear wide clothes. Representatives of this subculture do not have any special ideology.

Bikers

The biker subculture originated around the 60s and 70s. Representatives of the current - bearded long-haired men - cannot imagine their life without a motorcycle, beer and rock music. These attributes are the hallmarks of bikers.

As a rule, they ride in groups and each of the bikers is a member of the club. By the stripes on the clothes, they determine which club he is a member of. This is a distinctive sign, thanks to which bikers differ from each other.

The biker subculture adheres to its own value system, which is strikingly different from the generally accepted norms of a “civilized society”.

Gopnik

The gopnik subculture began to exist in the last years before the collapse of the USSR. The ideology and behavior of representatives of this trend are similar to the behavior of hooligans. A distinctive feature of gopniks is a tendency to violence, a low level of intelligence and prison slang, which in terms of complexity of understanding can sometimes be compared with the complex languages ​​of the world.

Gopniks, as a rule, like to listen to music in the style of prison chanson. They are often aggressive towards other subcultures. In particular, such movements as emo, goths, rappers, gopniks do not recognize and conflict with their representatives.

Gopniks cut their hair short and wear tracksuits. These are the main distinguishing features of the adherents of this subculture.

Goths

The formation of the ready subculture originates from music. Distinctive features of the Goths is the predominance of black clothing, girls go with dark makeup. Representatives of the subculture wear accessories symbolizing death - teeth, crosses, pentagrams, etc. The Goths do not have their own ideology.

The mood of the adherents of this trend is dominated by decadence and a gloomy look. The Gothic movement spawned a separate subculture - Satanists.

Metalworkers

The subculture of metalheads originated in the 1960s and has spread almost all over the world. The impetus for the emergence of the subculture was music in the style of Heavy Metal. Metalheads, as a rule, are called fans of heavy rock music and all varieties of metal.

In the image of a representative of the subculture there are leather clothes, images of skulls, a lot of metal jewelry on the body (chains, spikes, bracelets, etc.), heavy boots, ear piercings, bandanas. Ideology and philosophy, as such, they do not, all beliefs and views are focused entirely on music.

Punks

The punk subculture began to take shape as early as 1930 in England. The first punks were people from the poorer areas of Wales. They were engaged in robberies, fights, brawls. The ideology and worldview of punks is reduced to anarchy.

Distinctive features of punks are the Mohawk - a symbol of the punk movement, as well as leather jackets worn on the naked body, torn T-shirts, a large number of piercings on the face.

dudes

The subculture of dudes was formed in the second half of the 40s - 50s. At this time, young people dressed in defiant clothes appeared on the streets of cities. Representatives of the movement were distinguished by cynicism in their judgments and indifference to Soviet norms of behavior.

The dudes of those times protested against the standard stereotypes of behavior, uniformity in clothing. The subculture undoubtedly left a bright imprint on the Soviet era.

Stylish men wore tight trousers (“pipes”), long double-breasted jackets, bright shirts combined with colorful ties, pointed boots and dark glasses.

The girls decorated their clothes with sewn bows and lots of jewelry. Stilyagi, as a rule, were the children of high-ranking officials or professors.

Freaks

The subculture of freaks was formed in the 20th century in North America. Representatives of the current adhere to the main idea - to stand out among the crowd of people around them. For these purposes, not only clothes are used, but also behavior and philosophy. The term "freak" comes from the English word Freak, which means - a strange person. Each follower of the subculture seeks to create his own unique image.

Freaks are ardent adherents of piercing - they massively pierce all sorts of places for themselves, and also cover their bodies with tattoos with images, inscriptions and patterns.

Hippie

The hippie subculture originated in America in the 1960s. In a short period of time, it quickly spread throughout the world, but as a separate movement, it ceased to exist closer to the 1980s. Representatives of the subculture were distinguished by their peacekeeping position (pacifists), they opposed nuclear weapons and any violence.

Hippies were involved in the distribution of drugs among young people, ostensibly to expand their consciousness.

Representatives of the hippies wore loose clothes, a large number of baubles on their hands and long hair.

Subculture(lat. sub - under and cultura - culture; subculture) in sociology and cultural studies - a part of the culture of a society that differs from the prevailing one, as well as social groups of carriers of this culture. A subculture may differ from the dominant culture in its own value system, language, demeanor, clothing, and other aspects. There are subcultures that are formed on national, demographic, professional, geographical and other bases. In particular, subcultures are formed by ethnic communities that differ in their dialect from the language norm.

Informals- social group; a common name for representatives of various subcultural youth movements in the USSR in the 80-90s of the XX century. The definition of “informal” comes from the phrase “informal youth associations”, which arose in opposition to “formal” associations: the Komsomol organization and others allowed by the authorities. In the mid-80s, employees of the internal affairs bodies and local organizations of the CPSU called various unofficial, amateur communities of young people - social initiative groups, interest clubs and teenage gangs ("lubers", etc.) "informals" in the mid-80s. Initially, the word "informal" had a pronounced negative connotation and was not a self-name for representatives of subcultures.

The age of 11-12, 15-16 years we call adolescence. During this period, there is a moral development, the formation of a teenager's beliefs. And most often these beliefs do not coincide with public opinion.

During this period, the child thinks about himself as a person, which leads him to the process of self-education. At this time, the formation of his character begins, the teenager compares himself with his peers. During this period, “difficult” teenagers appear, who make up the majority in various informal associations. An informal movement is, to some extent, a social group - a socially organized community of people united by common interests, goals and joint activities.

The reason for the participation of teenagers in informal groups is the desire to learn unusual, especially modern Western art; poor performance at school and alienation from the school team, lack of interest in anything, inactivity, indifference to learning; the need for emotional impressions; lack of an individual approach at school, in the presence of a delay in the mental development of individual students; inattention to teenagers in the family, neglect, loneliness, abandonment, defenselessness; originality of impressions received by adolescents in groups, inner freedom

In Russia, informal youth groups appeared after the Second World War. During the period

perestroika, their number has increased, young people have joined the global youth

movement, presenting its specificity.

1) Wave of the 60s. Khrushchev thaw period. These are the first symptoms

decomposition of the administrative-command system. (Artists, Bards, Hipsters).

2) Wave. 1986 The existence of informal groups has been recognized

officially. Informals began to be identified by various somatic means

(clothing, slang, icon paraphernalia, manners, morality, etc.) With the help of

which the young were fenced off from the adult community. Defending your

the right to an inner life.

Causes of occurrence.

1) Challenge to society, protest.

2) Challenge to the family, misunderstanding in the family.

3) Unwillingness to be like everyone else.

4) The desire will be established in the new environment.

5) Draw attention to yourself.

6) Undeveloped sphere of organizing leisure activities for young people in the country.

7) Copying Western structures, trends, culture.

8) Religious ideological convictions.

9) Tribute to fashion.

10) Lack of purpose in life.

11) Influence of criminal structures, hooliganism.

12) Age hobbies.

In the USSR, youth subcultures of a protest and extreme nature were generally underdeveloped and had an extremely narrow circle of adherents; subcultures of an actively creative, romantic and altruistic direction were widespread. The reason for this was the high degree of isolation of youth groups from each other and from society as a whole, the wide coverage of the general mass of young people by many interest clubs, the availability of cultural institutions, the massive introduction of an official positive ideology in schools (“man is friend, comrade and brother”) , official censorship and screening of protest and negative material. At the same time, the inertia of official power and ideology led to the emergence of protest moods also in positively oriented subcultures. The most common youth subcultures in the USSR were: Metalworkers, Punks, Rockers, Stilyagi, Hippies.

Some informal associations and subcultures in Russia:

Anarcho-Punk, Bikers, Goths, Gopniks, Dark Cyber, Diggers, Indie, Cosplay, Cyber ​​Goths, Punks, Cyberpunks, Metalists, Rappers, Grunge, NS-Punks, New Age, Otaku, Animes, Parkour, Punk, Rastafans, Rockers, Skaters, Skinheads, Steampunk, Ska, Thrashers, Football fans, Hacker, Gamers, Hip-hop, Hippies, Hipsters, Emo

Hippie.

In Russia, the hippie movement arose in the 60s. It was the youth's interest in

jeans clothes. At the end of the 70s. hippies began to be replaced by punks,

Bikers.

On motorcycles without mufflers at high speeds, in groups, sometimes at night

steal other people's motorcycles, some do not have a driver's license, many

come into contact with criminal elements. Now real bikers

are already wealthy people of mature age (over 25) on expensive

motorcycles (for example, Harley Davidson brands). In musical tastes

they are similar to rockers (lovers of the music style Rock, Hard Rock) and

metalworkers. The movement is considered very prestigious because all this requires

a lot of finance.

Bikers dress in the same way as metalheads: jackets "leather jackets", leather

vests, some wear leather pants, Cossack boots with narrow toes.

They put the flag of the slave-owning confederation on their clothes, they wear

an abundance of metal rings. They wear long hair, some even

grow beards. They have their own hangouts and even have their own

annual festivals ("Bike Show" for example), where many

Russian rock bands Many of them bikers consider their own, for example

"Mongol Shuudan", "Black Obelisk".

Metalworkers.

Now the most common group - fans of metal rock,

or metalheads. They listen to several styles of metal: "Heavy Metal"

(heavy metal), "Power Metal" (strong metal), "Speed ​​Metal" (high-speed

metal), "Thrash" (thrash), "Black Metal" (black metal), "Doom Metal", etc.

satanic groups. These are Black Metal fans. They are aggressive

preach the cult of Satan. They wear either an inverted cross on their chest, or

pentagram. There are also bands in metal that openly promote racism and

chauvinism. Many teenagers are drawn to them because they are attracted to such an external

A typical fashion among metalheads can be described as follows:

* Long hair for men (loose or gathered in a ponytail)

* Predominantly black in clothing

* Leather motorcycle jacket "leather jacket", leather vest.

* Bandanas

* Black T-shirts or hoodies with the logo of your favorite metal band.

* Wristbands - leather bracelets with rivets and / or spikes (spanking), spiked, riveted belts, chains on jeans. Also on the belt can be a buckle with the logo of a metal band.

* Patches with images of your favorite metal bands.

* Short or high boots with chains - "Cossacks". Heavy shoes - "camelots", "curses", "grinders", "martins", "steels", "bastards", ordinary high boots. Shoes (as a rule, pointed, "Gothic" boots).

* Leather pants, army pants, jeans

* Studs and spikes on clothes and accessories

* Often - long-sleeved black clothes (cloaks, coats)

* Motorcycle Leather Fingerless Gloves

Grungy.

Grunge doesn't really differ from metalheads at all, they just listen to "Grange".

Can wear denim. Hairstyles, many resemble their idol,

Nirvana soloist Kurt Cobain (who created this style, by the way).

Rappers.

They already listen to electronic music: "Hip-Hop", "Trip-Hop", "Brake beat",

"Soul" and other styles of African American music. They wear terribly wide

pants "pipes" (although now it has become just fashionable among young people),

moreover, they are often lowered down, wear hoodies, "klubnyaks" (club puffy

jackets) or down jackets. They wear bandanas, baseball caps, Cangol caps on their heads.

or stockings.

Goths.

The gothic subculture is quite diverse and heterogeneous, but it has common features to one degree or another: a specific gloomy image, as well as an interest in gothic music, horror literature, horror films and mysticism

Gopnik (also - gop, collect. - gopota, also self-name - boys) - slang word of the Russian language, derogatory designation of representatives of the urban, close to the criminal world, stratum of Russian youth, as well as youth of the countries of the former USSR (since the end of the twentieth century), often taking place from disadvantaged families.

emo (from English emotion - emotion) - it is believed that this movement emerged from the Gothic movement. According to those involved and sympathizers, the movement appeared back in the 80s (however, they began to meet really often around 2004 in Moscow). Stereotypical emo clothes- tight black/navy blue jeans, two-tone patterns (stereotype - black and pink), drawings and thermal patches, badges, messenger bag, sneakers. In addition, both boys and girls can paint their lips to match their skin color using a light foundation. The eyes are thickly lined with pencil or shadows, making them look like a bright spot on a pale cadaverous face. Nails are covered with black or pink varnish. It is also characterized by a hairstyle - a slanting, torn, bespectacled bang to the tip of the nose, covering one eye, and behind short hair sticking out in different directions. Most often black and slightly greasy. They dislike goths, gopnims, punks. Some people just hate them.

Animators and viabushniks. (lovers of Japanese animation and everything Japanese) is characterized by blind worship of Japanese culture, without understanding the essence of this culture.

Internet subculture Anonymous, trolls, bloggers, buggers... And other evil spirits:3

Subculture is behavior patterns, life styles, specific values ​​and their symbolic expression of any social group.

Not only age cohorts and special sections of youth, but also professional groups have their own subcultures. Subcultures Doctors, astronauts, actors, television people, teachers have it ... The usual teacher words “window”, “hours”, “rusichka”, “prolong” are far from clear to all representatives of other professions. And try to decipher the slang of TV journalists: “brick”, “canned food”, “live”, “ruler”, “parquet” ...

youth subculture – these are behavior patterns, clothing styles, musical preferences, language (slang), specific values ​​and their symbolic expressions, typical for groups of young people (12-25 years old).

Youth subcultures have existed for a long time, at least since the second half of the twentieth century. In our country, they attracted the attention of society and the media in 1980s. In those years, the bearers of such special cultural practices were usually called members of informal youth associations. The most famous examples are hippies, punks, rockers, metalheads.

The main socio-psychological feature of informal youth associations is the symbolization of appearance, lifestyle, behavior, in particular, clothing, speaking style. For example, long hippie hair is not only long hair, but also a symbol of freedom; the English-language layer of hippie slang is an orientation towards Western patterns of behavior; an apartment where informals gather is not just a room, but a flat, where everyone is their own, united by an unpretentious style of everyday life.

Types of subcultures

Alternatives - formed in the first half 90s. It included representatives rappers, metalheads and punks. Of all youth musical directions, they stand out for their friendliness towards representatives of any subcultures. Unlike all musical movements, Alternative combined several styles at once, which made it possible to create a completely separate subculture. Based on the style hard core, were later involved Grunge and Industrial.

Toward the turn of 2000, the new style hit within mainstream and began to spread massively around the world. A huge impetus in the development of its popularity was provided by such groups as: Linkin Park,Korn, Limp Bizkit.

The appearance of Alternatives immediately catches the eye, those. They are easy to distinguish from representatives of other subcultures. They wear wide clothes and piercings. This subculture did not have a special ideology, everything rested on a musical experiment that radically changed the development of world music.

anime people- came from japanese anime series, which began to be filmed on a large scale in the twentieth century. Followers and adherents are easy to identify by bright things, symbolism. As a rule, Anime people do not hide this, but on the contrary put it on display. As for ideology and philosophy, within the framework of this subculture, it is completely absent. This movement is well developed in large cities, which cannot be said about settlements with a small number of people.

Of all the existing, modern youth subcultures, this name is the most harmless, not carrying any danger, both for society and for its followers. The main thing that Anime people do is watching Anime in large quantities and discussing it in their circle.

Bikers- the subculture goes far to the roots in about 60-70s It was then that this direction began to take shape. The members of this class are usually men in their 30s who cannot imagine life without the following things: motorcycle, beer and rock music. All these three elements are inextricably linked.

Distinctive features bikers is from other types of subcultures - this motorcycle, long hair, skin, beard and beer belly. As a rule, they travel in groups, it is rare to meet them alone. Every self-respecting biker is a member of the club. You can determine in which one by the stripes on his clothes. This is the main sign of how the representatives of this class distinguish themselves from each other.

From other representatives of various subcultures, they are distinguished by a more or less calm character (relatively), they are the first to not get involved in fights, they live on their own, but if you touch a motorcyclist who is a member of a biker club, nothing good will come of it.

Today, the biker movement has also added scooters. They, as a rule, are ridden only by the younger generation, who do not have the money to buy a good motorcycle. Now they are already accepted into clubs, moreover, there is a separate movement in individual clubs.

Vanilla Girls or Vanillas- this is a new subculture that was born quite recently (compared to all youth subcultures, just a few years ago). Moreover, this direction covered only girls. The main distinguishing feature from other youth movements is carrying a camera all the time, (by and large mirror), in all places. Also, such girls are distinguished by increased emotionality and sensuality. With the help of a camera, Vanillas convey their emotional mood, and this is the only way they can do this.

Glamor - is one of the youngest subcultures of our time. It was formed on the basis club life and secular parties. The most important feature that distinguishes Glamor from other subcultures is unquestioning adherence to the latest fashion trends. You spend a lot of money on your looks. What do glamor people wear? are global brands Adidas and others. Moreover, both a woman and a man can get into this subculture. Each gender has its own dress code.

Gopnik - subculture arose in the last years of the existence of the USSR. In their ideology and behavior, they are extremely close to hooligans. From other youth subcultures, Gopnik stand out prison slang, increased violence and low IQ. The term Gopnik itself originated from the word "GOP stop"- sudden robbery. Attitude towards other subcultures is aggressive, i.e. long hair makes the gopnik aggressive. They are wearing tracksuits and short hair.

Goths- like any modern trend of youth originates from music. In their appearance, they are distinguished by the predominance (monotonous) black in clothes and cosmetics(if we are talking about girls), and also symbols related to death - teeth, crosses, inverted crosses, pentagrams, and so on. Throughout the existence of this Goth subculture, its adherents have not developed their own ideology, which should be followed. The only thing that remains unchanged and eternal among the representatives of this movement is a gloomy look and a predominance of decadence in the mood.

According to established traditions, a favorite place where people who adhere to this subculture gather is cemeteries(urban, rural, suburban, etc.).

Also, after 2000, another, more modern, separated from the Gotha subculture - Cyber ​​Goth.

grungers- one of the oldest subcultures, they arose under the influence of the musical direction grunge, from where they actually stood out as a separate culture in about 1990-1991. Her ancestors group Nirvana who were able to promote not only their style to the masses, but also give rise to a whole generation of their followers. In appearance, the Grangers are easy to distinguish from representatives of other subcultures, as a rule, they dress like their idol. Kurt Cobain, those. plaid shirt, sneakers and long hair- these three elements completely form the image and image. Moreover, preference is given to worn out clothes. Often, such things are bought in second-hand stores to form an image, style and image.

They are completely harmless to others. The grunge subculture is also distinguished by its conservatism, unwillingness to change its foundations of life, norms, philosophy or value system. As for age, there are no restrictions. Among the grungers you can meet both at the age of 15 (youth), and fully formed and established people (for 25-30 years). As mentioned above, this is the safest and most non-aggressive social movement in our time.

graffitiers - emerged from street art graffiti, in the end 1960s. At that time, this direction was called modern avant-garde. Later from USA graffiti began to spread rapidly around the world. As a rule, young people are involved in this movement, i.e. quite rarely you can meet adults with a spray can of paint. Choose different places for graffiti. Graffiti artists willingly draw both on abandoned buildings and on subway cars; it is not uncommon that works by contemporary artists can also be found on the central streets of large cities.

Cyber ​​Goth - is the youngest and most developing subculture. Tentatively, the origins of the birth fall on the 1990th year. The origins themselves were taken precisely from the Gothic movement, but in a short time they were completely reoriented. Like most subcultures, Cyber ​​Goths were formed due to musical trends in particular style. Noise, and Industrial, which was radically different from other existing styles of that period of time.

As the main hairstyles are used: dreadlocks, hair dyed in different colors, not uncommon among representatives of this movement and Iroquois, but with the punk subculture, they have nothing to do. The color range ranges from green to black, but bright ones are predominantly used. Word Cyber, is used for a reason. If you take a closer look at their appearance, you can see microchips, involved as an element of fashion design, i.e. own style.

Since this is the most modern subculture, the passion for computers is considered here by default. 90% of representatives of this informal direction are well versed in today's computer technologies.

Metalworkers- the subculture was formed at the beginning1960s. This direction was bornmusic style metal, or to be more precise, the styleheavy metal. The term metalworkers denotes all adherentsheavy rock musicand all kinds of metal, ranging from classicalHeavy Metal to Thrash Metalother more difficult areas. From this subculture, another one subsequently separated -satanists , which completely separated itself and became an absolutely independent current. Modern metalheads, however, like the founders of the direction, love a free life, living for their own pleasure. In these circles, it is common to drink alcohol and attend heavy rock concerts, as far as drugs are concerned, this is not accepted, although there are individual cases. The main component of this subculture is teenagers, aged 16 to 20 years old, as well as "Old" (old) representatives of this direction, metalheads aged 45 or more often come across.

From the image metal worker the following can be distinguished: leather clothes(mostly black) a lot of metal on the body(chains, spikes, bracelets, etc.), big boots, piercing(usually in the left ear), bandanas. From symbolism, often found skulls. Adherents of this direction introduced into use, the most popular informal gesture, called "Goat".

New Age -its essence lies in spiritual self-improvement. Hereread books, and it is considered thathigher intellectual and spiritual level of a person, the higher his status within the given subculture. Differences from ordinary people lie not only in this, it also touched on religion. The standard religions, Islam, Christianity or Buddhism are completely rejected by them. On the basis of world teachings, each member of the New Age creates his own current, interfering with the teachings of mystical vices with the rites of manism, neo-paganism or occult currents.

Punks- how a separate subculture began to form back in 1930, at that time there was no such thing as rock music, but it was then that the lifestyle and appearance of adherents of this direction began to become. The place of occurrence of Panks (homeland) is England. The first punks were people from the poor areas of the city of Wales. Their entertainment was robberies, hooligans, fights, debauchery. At that time, in these circles, the so-called Black Jazz. As for their ideology, almost all ideas and worldviews come down to ordinary anarchy, i.e. the existence of people without laws and state control.

Iroquois- a symbol of the punk movement, leather jackets on the naked body or torn T-shirts, massive facial piercings and neglect of the bath and shower- all these are the hallmarks of this subculture.

At rock concerts, Punks act aggressively, arranging Slam drinking alcohol in large quantities.

Pedovki (or another name for Pendovka) appeared very recently, about 2008 - 2009 year, this term was firmly included in informal hangouts. They call fagots girls(as a rule, youth age up to 20 years, to be more precise, from 12-17 years old- this is the peak of the age at which the wave of this youth movement is brought). In their appearance, demeanor, they try to combine the “positive” aspects of different subcultures, for example ready, emo, punk, and others. In particular, they create an image for themselves glamorous girl, trying to attract as much attention as possible with their appearance. Of all the youth subcultures, they are one of the youngest and most despised.

In appearance, it is easy to distinguish them from representatives of other movements of directions, for example, they wear modern clothes for 12 months a year. skate shoes and clothes from specialized stores (board shops), brands are preferred Fallen. The arms are hung with various cheap bracelets purchased in McDonaldze, Euroset or Svyaznoy, as well as a large abundance icons. Also drawing on your own body, with a black marker, various expressions or “pictures”. Among this movement is actively distributed piercing, and everything that is possible is pierced.

Rastafans- the subculture was formed around 1920s. The culture itself began to spread from African territories, later covering caribbean. ideology is built around cannabis cult(cannabis), excessive consumption of this natural product and listening to songs recorded in the style reggae.

The appearance is very simple, but at the same time very catchy, i.e. ordinary T-shirts and the image or symbolism of hemp, manually linked hats or hoodies, dreadlocks. The color scheme in clothing, paraphernalia and symbols consists of three colors: red, yellow, green. It is not uncommon for different objects to be woven into the hair: balls, thread and so on. Majority Rastamans, wears long dreadlocks emphasizing their attitude to their subculture. The meaning of the Rassman subculture is as follows: smoke marijuana, expand your consciousness, comprehend the meaning of life, do no harm to others, promote reggae to the masses.

Ravers - subculture is an endless night parties at which they perform top djs, and from the speakers comes out electronic dance music. Ravers - party-goers subculture. The source of youth priorities is dance music, and their way of life originates from idols - musicians. "Rave" translates as a mass disco where DJs perform.

rockers- subculture appeared in 1960s year on the territory England. It was originally applied to young people who rode motorcycles.

The image of the rocker subculture is practical, in principle it has survived to this day. They are wearing leather jackets (leather jackets), decorated with various stripes, iron buttons and other paraphernalia. Of all the subcultures, rockers stand out for their kind attitude towards others and the complete absence of aggression towards representatives of other youth trends. The only negative traits of rockers is a strong addiction to drugs, alcohol and nakatina(cigarettes). In our time, this subculture has practically ceased to exist, as other musical directions and subcultures have replaced, such as alternatives and metalworkers.

rappers- the most common of all existing youth areas in Russia. Mass fashion, which came from the United States, is firmly entrenched in our country.

In appearance, it is quite simple to identify Rappers, they are wearing clothes on several sizes larger, i.e. she just hangs. Accepted in rap circles pathos, i.e. the more pretentious a person is, the steeper his surroundings treat him. Modern rap dictates the rules for its followers - the main focus is on sex, violence and toughness.

Among this youth movement is widespread basketball, beatbox, graffiti, break dance and other areas.

Skinheads- are one of the youngest directions. They got their name due to their appearance - bald voice(shaved). Moreover, the first followers did not come from Nazi Germany, as is now accepted. It began to actively emerge in Germany in 1960. Skinheads began to actively spread throughout the globe, by the year 2000, completely capturing the whole world.

Separately, it should be mentioned that, in general, the skinhead subculture is aimed at preservation of the nation, and the modern political system is trying to mix all peoples and nations. This is the main reason why skinheads fight so hard for the purity of the blood of their people. The swastika began to be used after the era Adolf Hitler, as a symbol of the movement of their ideology. In the early 1980s, members of this movement frequently adorned their bodies with swastika tattoos.

dudes- was considered the Soviet movement of the second half 40s – 50s years. At this time, on the busy streets of cities, one could see young people dressed obscenely in defiant clothes. Supporters of the movement of that time were distinguished by cynicism in their judgments and indifference to Soviet norms of behavior and morality.

Subculture dudes- it's kind of protest against standard stereotypes of behavior, uniformity in dress and style. After two decades of alienation of the USSR from the West, in the 1940s, the “window” to the new world was finally opened. Fashion magazines and jazz records began to be brought from Europe, and the first foreign films were shown in cinemas. Therefore, the contrast reflecting the “Western way of life” in films has become a model of behavior for post-war youth.

About where the newfangled word at that time came from "dude" it's hard to understand now. According to one version, it was "born" on the pages of the popular magazine "Crocodile"(1949). In it, the falletonists so called the dressed up dudes "listening to jazz and hanging out in restaurants." A few years later, the word "dandies" came into use and, in fact, became the name of a new youth movement.

The style formed by the 50s was significantly different from the communist ideology. men wore tight pants(famous "pipes"), long double-breasted jackets, brightly colored shirts paired with colorful ties, pointed boots and dark glasses. For girls it was typical: sewn bows and the predominance of a large number of trinkets. Light costumes were complemented by all sorts of accessories (sticks or belts). Particular preference was given to colors in a cage, peas or large stripes.

straight age(sXe) - formed from a subculture Punk, gradually separating as a separate direction over time. Short for straight edge, spelled and sounds like sXe. The ideology of this youth subculture is very simple - a clear, not hidden call for a healthy lifestyle, the rejection of meat and alcohol, that is, the preservation of one's health, not only physically, but also spiritually. The date of origin (formation) is considered to be 80s.

« Food instead of bombs”, so the followers of straight edge interpreted themselves until 2000, however, after this milestone, their ideals did not change much, except that a different musical preference was given than ordinary punk or hardcore.

From clothes and symbols, they are distinguished from other representatives of various subcultures only Cross (X) or use the shorthand abbreviation ( sXe). Later, the symbolism became the subject of tattoos.

Tolkienists- the direction appeared at about 1960, his idea, it is fully obliged writer D. Tolkien. The first sources were formed in the United States. As a rule, all works and the movement of Tolkienists are scientific and research works, in which the languages ​​of the created fantasy world, the intricacies of writing a series of books and controversial moments in the plots that appeared as they were written are studied. It was from the Tolkienists that a new direction went - roleplayers(role-playing, not to be confused with a sexual term). They completely imitated with their appearance the image of their fantastic character - orcs, elves, hobbits and other inhabitants of the Mediterranean. They completely got used to their image, and sometimes to such an extent that they practically lost touch with the real world.

The main feature that distinguishes them from other subcultures is passion for literature, and this is manifested not only in reading, but also in writing my own books dedicated to the themes of its legendary writer.

Trash models- sees the goal of fighting against glamor. Thus, trash girls, through their appearance, tend to litter the glamorous style that is fashionable today, to create ironic and cruel caricature. In order to stand out from the crowd, the youth of this trend will do everything possible - they will combine absolutely incompatible things: leopard print with cartoon T-shirts, lace and military, checks and stripes, rhinestones and spikes, creepy skulls and cute flowers, as well as butterflies, tiaras , anarchist and satanic symbolism ...

Also widely and universally used tattoos, piercing(including, " tunnels"- wide holes in the ears and not only in them), "snake language". Apart from bright makeup, false eyelashes, painted eyebrows(or their complete absence) the glamorous world of trash models is challenged by uneven asymmetrical hairstyles(ala "I fell off a dump truck..."). At the same time, the desire to surpass the rainbow is clearly expressed in the hair color. Among this trend, both traditional colors (acid pink, purple, yellow, arctic white) or mixed with each other, as well as "raccoon tail" and "exotic raccoon tail" (black and white or any other colored striped hair) are popular. For complete chaos, sometimes added to all this dreadlocks or afro braids.

Their favorite pastime is to take pictures of themselves from a very close distance in order to appear in all their shocking beauty. The main rule of the trash movement is the absence of any rules. They do not drive themselves into the framework of any particular subculture. It's more of a lifestyle.

Freaks(Freak) - a subculture formed in XX century, within the territory of North America. Until now, her followers adhere to one main idea - stand out from the crowd of people around. To do this, they use not only clothes, but also use a different behavior and philosophy. The term Freak itself comes from the English word freak, which means - a strange man. Each follower of this direction creates his own image and in no case adheres to social standards.

Often creative people enter this subculture musicians, actors, artists, writers and other representatives of creative professions.

fans(or football fans) - the subculture was formed at the beginning 1930s, after Football became a popular game around the world, the number of followers of this direction has increased exponentially. It so happened that each football club had its own staff of fans who supported their favorite team at games and tournaments. The main feature that distinguishes this subculture from others is minimal idealism - anyone can become a football fan, and no significant effort is required from him.

Fans are especially active after major football matches, when in the nearest areas of the stadium, literally everything is carried. This movement spawned a network beer bars focused specifically on a particular group. Subsequently, they became a kind of headquarters and a gathering place for regular fans.

hackers- is one of the youngest directions of our millennium. As a rule, these are people (young men and persons under 30) who proficient in computers. By their appearance, it is difficult to identify them on the street. Most of them prefer to sit at home at the computer, rather than spend time in the company of their peers on the street or in entertainment venues. First of all, these are the people who can hack programs or entire websites, they can easily bypass any security systems. Do not confuse hacker with programmer. These two directions differ significantly from each other, although they have much in common with each other than it might seem at first glance. It should be said right away that not every programmer, maybe Hacker. As a rule, not all of them reveal their identities. On the net they hide behind fictitious and names called Nicks.

Hippie- a subculture originated in the territory America during the period 1960s years. In general, it was an integral youth movement of white people. Its main difference was a separate concept of society and social foundations. They were also distinguished peacekeeping position(pacifists), they hated nuclear weapons and any force on people. In parallel with the political context, Hippie made a great contribution to the development minor religions, promoting them to the masses through their movement. Moreover, they have had a huge development in the distribution of drugs among young people, motivating this as an expansion of consciousness. Among the drugs, it was common to use marijuana (cannabis) and LSD, as a rule, this was done for meditation. Appearance subculture The hippie stood out loose clothes, a lot of baubles on her hands and long hair.

Hipsters - the main contingent of adherents of this direction was taken from the audience jazz music. The scope was later expanded to include indie styles, alternative music, films of the genre art house and modern literature. Hipster age ranges from 16-25 years old, mostly they are representatives of the middle class who are looking for new forms and ways of social self-expression.

It is quite easy to recognize such people on the street, they are wearing T-shirts with prints(massively common nowadays) sneakers, notebook, SLR camera,iPhone (or tablet computer).

They are passive to politics, riots, protests or other forms of youth expression. Complete apathy towards the entire social world is an invariable feature of this subculture of the stratum. They like to take a lot of photos, posting them in most cases on social networks, for general viewing. They like to keep online diaries, on such popular blog services as LiveJournal(LJ), Blogs Mail, Twitter.

Emo boys- the most beautiful representatives of the male half harm all adherents of rock. Many girls are attracted to bright tight T-shirts, torn, sloping bangs and black eyeliner. Today it is not uncommon to meet an emo boy on the street with black polished nails. Excessive neatness in clothes and a well-groomed appearance (which is quite rare among ordinary teenagers) attracts the attention of girls. Emo boys just like girls lead a healthy lifestyle. At present, there are many around the world emo bands. Many won the love of their fans not only with the lyrics, but also with the beauty of their voices.

Take the material from the site http://cbs.omsk.muzkult.ru

Who is who- Punks, Stilyagi, Hippies, Tolkienists, Ravers, Rockers, Rappers, Hackers, KSP, Football fans.

HELLO, PEOPLE! I FINALLY HAVE FINISHED THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE ELECTRIC JOKE MAGAZINE. I STARTED THIS BECAUSE EVERYTHING FUNNY IS FORGOTTEN WITH TIME, AND BY OLD AGE YOU WILL HAVE NOTHING TO REMEMBER ABOUT YOUR PAST, AND SO YOU DIG THIS DISC SOMEWHERE AND IMMEDIATELY REMEMBER: HOW YOU LIVED, WHAT YOU BREATHE, WHAT PEOPLE LIVED, ETC. BTW, ATTENTION TO ALL THOSE WHO WISH TO TELL THEIR FUNNY STORY, FUCKING JOKE OR SOMETHING OF THE KIND. PLEASE CONTACT ME AT THE ADDRESS AT THE END. ABOUT WHAT WE BREATHE. AND WE BREATHE WITH THE WHOLE MENDELEEV'S TABLE (IN THE VERY SENSE OF THE ALL), AND WHAT WE DO NOT BREATHE WE EAT. WE WORK ON SPECCY ALONG WITH PENTIUM 200, POWERUP AMIGA, PROFI 3. 04+, ETC. AND IF AUTO DEVELOPED WITH THE SAME SPEED AS COMPS, WE WOULD FLY AT A SPEED OF 40,000. KM/H, NOT 100KM/H. GENE POOL: YOUNG PEOPLE... COVERING THE FACE WITH A THICK NEWSPAPER (OH, THIS SMELL OF PRINTING PAINT!), WITH THE WEATHER FORECAST ON THE SECOND NATIONAL CHANNEL, IN A WELL HEATED HOUSE AND NEAR A FEED DOG, I ARE WEAKER... AND EVERYTHING IS SMARTER. .. YOUTH... ANARCHY AND AMBITION, DRUGS, CRAZY MUSIC AND FASHION, NONCONFORMISM AND ICONS, HOLIDAYS, SEX FINALLY... ETERNALLY HUNGRY AND CHARMING - HERE THEY ARE THE BITCHES, THESE ARE THE ONE WHO WILL REPLACE TODAY'S GENERATION OF ADULTS. SO WHO IS WHO... PUNK HABITATS: SMALL CLUBS ON THE OUTSIDE OF BIG INDUSTRIAL CITIES. APPEARANCE: SOLID PINS, EARRINGS AND GREAT JEANS. SUMMER ARMY BOOTS "10 HOLES" OR WINTER SNEAKERS. THE HAIR ON THE HEAD IS SHAVED SO THAT THERE IS A THIN STRIP GOING FROM THE FOREHEAD TO THE NECK. THEN THE HAIR IS DYED IN SOME JOYFUL COLOR, AND THEN IT IS COMBINED WITH BEER, WHICH FIXES THE VERTICALLY STANDING COMB. STATEMENT: "THIS TOAD KNOWS WHAT FOR WHAT." WOMAN'S IDEAL: HIGHLY BLURED, THIS TOAD SHOULD HATE ESTABLISHMENT AND BE READY TO PUT A TON OF COSTUME JEWELERY ON A BODY PIERCED IN THE MOST CLEAREST PLACES. TIME OF THE DAY: LORD WITHOUT A SCHEDULE. ICON: THEY WAS AND WILL BE LONG DEAD OF OVERDOSE SID VISHES. MUSIC: "GREEN DAY", "NOFX", "ZERO", "THE DOLPHINS". CULT FILM: CARTOON. "BLUE PUPPY". STYLES... HABITAT: HOUSE PARTIES WHEN MOM AND DAD ARE NOT AT HOME! IN THE SUMMER ON THE ARBAT, IN THE WINTER IN THE CLUB "MERLIN" AT THE METRO STATION "MAYAKOVSKAYA", SOMETIMES THE PILOT NIGHT CLUB. APPEARANCE: BOOTS WITH THICK SOLES, IRONED PANTS, 50S FIT JACKET, MONKEY TIE. THE IDEAL OF A WOMAN: SHE SHOULD BE ENJOYED. HIMSELF, HIS LOOK AND THE MUSIC WHICH HE LISTENS TO. TIME OF DAY: EVENING TWIST. ICON: ELVIS DARAN PRESLEY. MOUSEON: BILL HALEY, CHUCK BERRY, JERRY LEE LEWIS, OLWEIS+ PRESLEY, ETC. TIME OF DAY: FOUND EVERYWHERE. CULtic FILM: "CRY BABY", "AMPHIBIAN MAN" OR "BEWARE OF THE CAR". HIPPIE LOOK: YOU LIKE YOU DON'T REMEMBER. WEAR FLOWERS, MUSTACHES, BEARD AND HAIR LONGER. NEVER GO TO WAR. PLUS A SHREDDED JEANS AND SOMETHING ABOUT BUDDHA. STATEMENT: "GERLA DO YOU HAVE A FLAT APPOINTMENT? YOU SHOULD HAVE BORROWED ..." ON ONE SIDE THIS IS A TURGENEV GIRL WITH A VOLUME OF MANDELSTAM AND A WHITE MOUSE IN THE POCKET (SO MANY OF THESE UNHAPPY MICE SHOCKED IN THE HOT EMBRACE OF THEIR MISTRESSES), ON THE OTHER IS A LITTLE "GERLA", HITCHING COMPANION TO MOSCOW TRAIL. DARK, IN GENERAL, HISTORY. TIME OF THE DAY: WARM. ICON: JERRY GARCIA, ETC... MOUSON: "THE DOORS", "GRATEFUL DEAD", "JETHRO TUTT" OR EVEN "THE BEATLES". CULtic FILM: THE MUSICAL "HAIR". TOLKIENISTS... HABITATING: ON WARM DAYS THEY GATHER IN THE NON-BORING GARDEN AND THEATER BATTLE BETWEEN THE FORCES OF GOOD AND EVIL. APPEARANCE: THEY RUNNING FROM REALITY WRAP IN CLOAKES, SAW WOODEN SWORDS, AND MAKE UP STRANGE CHECKS TYPES: FRODO, GANDALF... STATEMENTS: THERE, BEHIND THE DARK MOUNTAINS, AWAY FROM THE NOISY LIFE, EGALBABS... ORCS AND GNOMS SUPPRESS THEIR SEXUALITY AND TRY TO SEE THE FAIRIES IN Familiar Women. TIME OF THE DAY: 15:00 FOUR. ICON: J. R. TOLKIEN. MOUSON: THE MORE MYSTIC, THE BETTER. CULtic FILM: THE ANIMATION VERSION OF THE HOBBITS. RAVERS... HABITATS: SPEND TIME IN ALL NIGHTCLUBS OF ALL POSSIBLE NIGHTCLUBS, WHERE TALL SMART DRINKS ARE SIPPPING THROUGH THE STRAW, CLEARLY. APPEARANCE: ULTRAFASHION GUYS WITH ETERNAL "WOW", SUBTLE CONSISTS OF DRIED MUSHROOMS AND "E". PAINTED ORANGE, GREEN, YELLOW, WITH HOLOGRAPHIC EYES, THEY ARE READY TO DISCUSS THEIR IDOLS TILL YOU ARE BLUE... THE ICONS ARE THE FAVORITE DJS WHO HAVE BEEN DIVIDED LIKE UNCUT DOGS IN THE LAST TWO YEARS. STATEMENT: THE PARTY WAS A SAUSAGE PARTY, BUT GENERALLY, THE CLUBPER PARTY WAS NOT POSITIVE AT ALL. Time of day: with persons swollen from a sleepless night, they pour into the slender ranks of students and, having a sluggishly spent a couple or two, rush to workplaces or into their cash desks or companies, holes, where they are sitting before the onset of darkness, paying their diller and departed SAUSAGE TO THE NEXT PARTY. WOMAN'S IDEAL: THE PHOTOMODEL'S WAYS, SHOULD KNOW THE NAMES OF YOUR FAVORITE DJS. MUSON: TECHNO. CULtic FILM: "LIQUID SKY" BY SLAVO ZUKERMAN. ROCKERS (NEPHORS)... HABITAT: THEY CAN ALWAYS BE FOUND IN ALL POSSIBLE CLUBS LIKE "MOUNTAIN" OR "HORROW", "DO NOT STOP" OR "TABULA RASA" ETC. WHERE THEY SPEND TIME AMONG THEIR .. THE FEMALE IDEAL OF A SILENT, SHARP GIRL-VAMP, TIGHTENED IN THE LEATHER. OUTER LOOK: BEATERS MIXED WITH SNEAKERS, ALWAYS CONCERNED IN SEARCH OF CHEAP PORT WINE, GUITAR LOADS, AND DRUM PLASTIC... SAYING: sex, drugs, hops must die AND ALL THAT... SOAP... MUSON: NIRVANA, METALLICA, THRASH, DEATH, ETC. ETC .... CULT FILM: "WALL". REPPERS... HABITAT: vocational schools, SCHOOLS FOR KIDS, ENTRIES, STREETS, SLUMBLING-PANEL AREAS. OUTSIDE: WHITE LIKE MICHAEL JACKSON AND BLACK LIKE COOTIO INSIDE..... LISTEN GANGSTAREP, ACE OF BASE... SAYING: YOFINIK AM SMILLE, MAZAFAKA? FEMALE IDEAL: NOT YET FORMED. HACKERS... HABITATS: HACKERS ARE THE MOST SECRET YOUTH. THEY ARE HUNTED. SOMETIMES THEY ARE CATCHED, BUT THE HAIRS ARE BREEDING AND MULTIPLE IN THE ENDLESS EXPANSES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS. HACKERS CAN BE SEEN ON THE TALKING CHANNELS OF THE IRC SYSTEM WHERE THEY TALK ABOUT ALL THINGS AND EXCHANGE GOSSIP ABOUT NEW BREAKINGS IN THE PROTECTION SYSTEMS OF LARGE COMPUTERS. HOWEVER, REAL HACKERS ARE FEW, ABOUT 150 PEOPLE. FOR THE WHOLE FORMER USSR. APPEARANCE: THE REFERENCE MATERIAL TO THE FBI LECTURES (THEY WERE READ TO POLICE OFFICERS IN THE 1994 PROFESSIONAL COURSES) SAID THE FOLLOWING ABOUT HACKERS: "WEIGHT UNDER OR OVER THE NORM, SMART (HIGH IQ), TALK BEAUTIFUL, HAVE GREAT THE SCHOOL. " IN REALLY THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT - SUCCESSFUL AND HUNGRY, SERIOUS AND STUPID, KIND AND NOT ALWAYS ... STATEMENT: FILE ERROR, PAL, IMHO THIS IS A CAP CANCEL TO CRUSH MICE BUTTONS ... AN IDEAL WOMAN: HACKERS ARE AN IDEAL IN GENERAL, WOMEN TO HACKERS ARE REPLACED BY A COMPUTER AND EVERYTHING RELATED TO IT... TIME OF DAY: LIVE AT NIGHT, cherish their hardware, DISCUSS NEW SOFT AND HARD FOR HOURS... ICON: HE... ON THE SCREEN AND STOMPING THE KLAVA... THE CULT MOVIE: "HACKERS" ALTHOUGH MANY CONSIDER IT IS THE REAL LAME: IT IS TOO BEAUTIFUL TO BE TRUE AND TOO FUCKED TO BE REALITY... MOVIE, IN A WORD... KSP HABITAT: FOREST AND SHALLOW COMPUTER COMPANIES. Glorious, harmless guys, partly mosachists: do not feed them with bread, let me leave with a rainy autumn day somewhere for the 101st kilometer, melt the tents and, dusoping on polyethylene around a sweet (but stunted due to the damp wood) and sing a dozen other subtitian songs . BTW, WHO FORGOT: KSPCLUB HOMEMADE SONG. APPEARANCE: THEY LOOK SO SIMPLE: RED Sweaters, GREEN WINDCOATS... STATEMENT: "THIS IS GOOD THAT WE ALL HAVE HERE TODAY...". IDEAL WOMAN: POSTGRADUATE STUDENT OF THE FACULTY OF BIOLOGY WHICH VALUES RESPONSIBILITY AND THE ABILITY TO COOK IN THE FIELD CONDITIONS. TIME OF THE DAY: SUNSET... ICONS: THEY ARE OKUJAVA'S GRANDSONS, AND NIKITIN'S CHILDREN CONSUME CHEAP VODKA IN UNLIMITED QUANTITIES AND KNOW THE ELECTRIC TIMETABLE IN ALL DIRECTIONS... CULtic FILM: ANYTHING WITH VISBORA, FIL0-MULT6 - HOCKEY FANS HABITAT: STADIUMS. APPEARANCE: STRIPED SCARF IN TEAM COLOR, SIGNS OF A Severe Hangover, Mildly Unshaved DAILY CLOTHES, AND WILLING TO BREAK THE JAW OF THE OTHER TEAM'S FOLLOWER. STATEMENT: JUDGE ON SOAP. WOMAN'S IDEAL: MANDATORY KNOWLEDGE OF ALL FOOTBALL AND HOCKEY RULES, SCREENING VOICE, ABILITY TO DRINK THREE LITERS OF BEER IN THE FIRST PERIOD OR HALF, HIGH ATTENDANCE TO CHAMPIONSHIPS. TIME OF THE DAY: ONE HOUR BEFORE THE MATCH STARTS, ENDING AROUND MIDNIGHT. ICON: FAVORITE TEAM. MOUSON: "THE CORON DOES NOT PLAY HOCKEY" OR MARCH OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS. CULtic FILM: "THIS IS PELE" AND "TRETIAK VS BOBBY HULL".

I have long wanted to write a big post about what youth subcultures existed in the USSR. In the films of the Soviet years, subcultural movements are practically not represented in any way, although in fact it was a large layer of youth culture. The only exceptions are films of the perestroika period, some of which (for example, "My name is Arlekino" or "Accident, the daughter of a cop") are almost entirely devoted to the life of such subcultures.

So, in this post - a big and interesting story about what youth subcultures existed in the USSR.

01. Stilyagi. Unlike other subcultures that came from Western countries, dudes are rather a unique, exclusively Soviet phenomenon. In addition, they can be called one of the earliest Soviet subcultures. Stilyagi began to appear in the 1950s, mainly in large cities, and with their appearance and behavior they tried to copy the American way of life - they dressed in bright and fashionable clothes, listened to blues and jazz, tried to lead a secular lifestyle and protested against the "norms of Soviet morality" and appearance.

Interestingly, the word "dudes" is not the self-name of the adherents of this subculture - this word appeared in the Soviet press as critical in relation to "young people leading a cheeky lifestyle." The dudes were portrayed as narrow-minded, conceited and stupid young people, concerned only with their appearance, which, in general, was far from the truth - most often the "dudes" came from intelligent families with a high cultural level. Stilyagi were "bombed" not only in the press, but even in large literary works, including children's ones - in Nikolai Nosov's story "Dunno in the Sunny City" several chapters are devoted to the fight against dudes, called "windmills" in the story.

02. Hippie. Initially, the hippie movement arose in the 1960s in the United States, and its heyday came in the 1960s and 70s. Hippies promoted the "maximum freedom" of a person, pacifism, life in "communities", and were also fond of Eastern philosophy, especially Indian and Chinese.

In the USSR, the hippie culture came with some delay, closer to the beginning of the 1970s and had its own distinctive features - it was semi-underground, had its own slang ("fit-in", "girl", "people", "session", "old", "flat") and protested against the classic image of the "Soviet man" with its very definite appearance and constant agreement with the "party line".

The Soviet police and the KGB fought the hippies, sometimes arresting them for "petty hooliganism", which could include simply "inappropriate appearance". Many hippies were forcibly expelled from institutions and sent to the army, and could also be sent for "compulsory treatment" in mental hospitals. The hippie subculture successfully survived the USSR and exists to this day.

03. Beatniks. Often this subculture is referred to as an offshoot of dudes or hippies, but the beatniks also had their own distinctive features. This subculture was united by love for the music of The Beatles, and then for its numerous imitators (including those in the USSR), called "beat quartets". The beatniks wore long hair with bangs ("under McCartney and Lennon"), flared trousers, jackets with cut-off collars and ironed lapels, and often played in amateur bands that arose at universities or research institutes.

Records of the Beatles on records or reels were of particular value among beatniks; getting such a record was considered the greatest success. As in the case of the dudes, the authorities hit the beatniks with "harsh satire", denouncing them on the radio and at concerts. At the same time, very high-quality original recordings of the Beatles were often used in satirical programs and concerts, which is why the beatniks went to listen to such a "satire" in droves)

04.Punks. The punk movement arose in Western Europe and the United States around the 1960s and 70s as a "countercultural" movement that criticized society, government and politics in general, punks called anarchists of the early 20th century their "political forerunners" and often wore paraphernalia with badge "A" ("anarchy"). The punks were a bit like hippies (protest against the "social system", unwillingness to serve in the army, etc.), but at the same time they were more aggressive and nihilistic.

The characteristic appearance of punks is reminiscent of rocker and metalwork (leather jackets with rivets, torn jeans with pins, berets), but punks also have their own characteristics - in particular, acid hair color and mohawk hairstyle.

A distinctive feature of Soviet punks was their musical omnivorousness - if their "western colleagues" listened to strictly defined groups, like the Sex Pistols or Crass, then in the USSR punks listened to literally all the music that was considered "forbidden" in the USSR - from The Beatles to Metallica. The second characteristic feature of the Soviet punks was bullying passers-by and constant conflicts with the police.

05. Metalworkers. The subculture of "metal" appeared already in the late USSR, its representatives listened to certain groups of "metal" - orientation - with an abundance of sound of heavy "soaked" guitars, the number of guitarists in such groups could reach up to 5-6 people. Outwardly, the metalheads resembled punks, but looked more neat, did not cut the mohawks (preferring just long hair), and also wore a lot of all sorts of metal things on their clothes - chains, buckles, riveted wristlets, collars with spikes and so on.

A distinctive feature of the metalheads was the association of purely musical tastes, they did not have such a "countercultural" or "antisocial" orientation, such as punks or hippies. This is partly why the metal subculture survived the USSR for a long time, and received even more development in the mid-late 1990s.

06. Rockers. In the eighties, "rockers" were not called fans of rock music at all, but motorcyclists - those who are now called "bikers". The rockers often looked like metalworkers (they wore leather jackets and studded wristlets), but their distinguishing feature was the mandatory presence of a motorcycle - most often, some kind of Soviet "Java", "Minsk" or "Dnepr".

At the end of the eighties, rockers fell in love with arranging night motorcycle races (from 10 to 50 motorcyclists), against which the Soviet traffic police fought with varying degrees of success. Even rockers spent a lot of time in garages, constantly improving and improving something in their motorcycles, "garage tuning" in those years reached unprecedented popularity among rockers.

07. Lubers. Lubers appeared in the suburbs of Moscow in the late seventies and opposed themselves to punks, metalheads and hippies. The Lubers worked out in the basement rocking chairs and "prepared themselves for military service," and also periodically staged brawls with representatives of all of the above subcultures. The main reason for the conflict was, as a rule, the "inappropriate" appearance of the opponent, standing out from the crowd. So, a punk could be beaten for a mohawk, a metalhead for a leather jacket, a hippie for long hair and "baubles" on his hands, and so on.

As a rule, people from their working families fell into the Luber environment, and the name "Lubers" itself took root around 1986, when articles about Lubers began to appear in the press. According to some reports, the Lubers were controlled by the Soviet police, who, with the help of the Lubers, tried to intimidate hippies, punks and metalheads so that they would not go out into the streets in "improper dress". Other subcultures began to resist the Lubers, especially the metalheads who distinguished themselves in this - by 1987 they were already giving an organized rebuff to the Lubers, and often they themselves gathered in groups in order to "go and break the Lubers".

With the collapse of the USSR, the Luber movement gradually faded away, and some of this movement joined criminal gangs.

Here is a story about Soviet subcultures I got.

Do you remember any cases from the life of Soviet punks, rockers, hippies or amateurs?

Tell me, I'm interested)