I get a lot of e-mails asking me to translate a certain phrase into Japanese in order to get a tattoo, or help me choose characters, and a lot of requests are about the theme of the samurai.
We already had a post about how real samurai talk, and this one I will devote to the hieroglyphs that write "Bushido" and the principles of a real samurai. You can read more about the code itself and the samurai on many other sites of interested people. From one of them I took descriptions of the principles.
武士道
Bushido:- consists of the hieroglyphs "warrior", "samurai" and "way".
Note that the "samurai" (士) has a longer upper horizontal stroke than the lower one. If you write it backwards, you get "earth" (土).
7 principles of the samurai
Guy- justice. Always be honest in your actions. Believe in the justice not of other people, but in the one that is in you. For a samurai, there is no gradation in the assessment of honor and justice, there is only black or white, truth or falsehood. Every honest person who has a pure soul should not be afraid of the truth.
YU:- courage. Lift yourself above the crowd. To hide in your shell like a turtle means not to live at all. A samurai must have the spirit of a hero. It is very dangerous and risky, but only then life is full. This is not spiritual blindness, the samurai is smart and strong. Replace your fear with respect and caution.
Jin- virtue. Compassion and pity. Intense training makes a samurai fast and strong. He develops strength, which he must use for the common good. If fate does not give him such an opportunity, he finds it himself.
Ray- respect. There is no need for a samurai to be cruel and prove his strength. Even with the most evil enemy, a samurai must be polite. Without this quality, we are nothing more than animals. True inner strength is manifested in conflicts.
Makoto- sincerity. If a samurai says he will do something, he must do it. Nothing in this world can stop him. He must not give a word, must not promise. The mere fact that he said this is already a guarantee of fulfillment. Saying and doing are one and the same. Remarkably, the character consists of "say" (言) and "become" (成), that is, "what he said, he did."
名誉
Mayo- honour. For a samurai, there is only one judge who can judge his honor, and that is himself. The decisions he makes and executes reflect his true self. You can't hide from yourself!
忠義
Chu:gi- devotion. The samurai is responsible for his actions, voluntarily taking responsibility for his deeds. He is absolutely devoted and loyal to his superior and is a model for his subordinates. A man's word is his footprints, you can follow him wherever he goes. Watch where you go!
Japanese vocabulary
Bushido, or the Way of the Warrior, is a code of conduct that is reminiscent of the honor code of knights. In battle and everyday life, Japanese samurai warriors observed seven moral principles.
Virtue one: Guy - Justice.
Gi is the ability to make the right decisions without hesitation, act with integrity, and treat everyone as an equal, regardless of their color, race, gender, or age.
Virtue two: Yu - Courage.
Yu - the ability to get out of any situation with honor and confidence.
Third Virtue: Jin - Kindness.
Jin is compassion and generosity. This virtue works in conjunction with the gi and prevents the samurai from exalting himself or bending others to his will.
Virtue Fourth: Ray - Respect.
Ray is courtesy and proper behavior. This virtue prescribes to treat everyone with respect.
Virtue 5: Makoto - Honesty.
Makoto is the ability to be honest with yourself and others. It means doing justice and always trying to do your job the best you can.
Virtue sixth: Meiyo - Nobility.
Nobility is sought with pure intentions. It can only be achieved with the right behavior. Success is a noble goal.
Virtue seventh: Tyungi - Fidelity.
Tyungs are the basis of all virtues; without devotion to the cause and fidelity to others, no one will achieve the goal.
A little about pronunciation
In Japanese words, each syllable is pronounced separately:
Ma-sa-mo-to
Ka-zu-ki
Japanese names and surnames
In Japanese names, the family name usually comes before the given name. In feudal Japan, names reflected the social position of a person and his spiritual principles. The rules of politeness prescribe to add to the surname (or name - in an informal setting) the particle "san", which means "master", "lady". "sama" is added to the names of high-ranking persons. Teachers are addressed by adding "sensei" after the name, but the "Young Samurai" retains the usual European word order. "Kun" and "Tyan" are added to the names of boys and girls, respectively.
abunai- danger
ama- Japanese pearl divers
arigato- Thanks
ashigaru- foot soldiers, samurai of the lower strata
bakemono jutsu- "ghostly" ninja technique
bo- wooden combat staff
bōjutsu- art of owning bo
bokken- wooden sword
bonsai- dwarf tree
budo- Japanese martial arts
bushido- The way of the warrior - the moral code of the samurai
Butoku-den- Palace of Military Virtues
Butsu-den- Buddha Palace
wakizashi- short sword
washi- Japanese paper
gaijin- stranger, stranger (derogatory)
Gambate!- Hold on! Do not give up!
Ganjitsu- New Year's Eve in Japan
geisha- Japanese girl entertaining guests
gi- workout clothes
daimyō- feudal ruler
daisho- two swords, a wakizashi and a katana, traditional samurai weapons
daruma- Japanese traditional roly-poly doll, personifying Bodhidharma - a deity that brings happiness
zabuton- pillow
zazen- meditation
zanshin- constant vigilance, literally: the unsleeping mind
jindo- arrows with blunt wooden tips
zori- straw sandals
zen Literally: concentration, contemplation
juuban- petticoat-pants
"Dim Mak"- Touch of Death
dojo- training room
dokujutsu- the art of poisoning
ikebana- literally: the life of flowers, in traditional Japanese art, the symbolic composition of plants
inro- storage box for small items
in-yo- an ancient samurai prayer, meaning "Light and Darkness"
irezumi- how to apply a tattoo
kagemusha- shadow warrior
kaginawa- rope with trident grappling hook
kakurenbo- Japanese version of hide-and-seek
kakegoe- cry
Kama- sickle-shaped cold weapon
kami- perfume; worship and deification of natural forces and phenomena
kamon- family coat of arms
Kampai!- toast "Let's be healthy!"
kanabo- large oak club with iron spikes
kanji- Chinese characters that are used in Japanese writing
kata- sequence of movements in martial arts
katana- long sword
kati- victory
kati guri- dried chestnuts
kappan- a bloody seal on a document, symbolizing its inviolability
ki- the flow of energy or life force (in China - qi)
kiai- literally: concentrated spirit; used in martial arts in the form of a shout, which helps to concentrate energy on the execution of the technique
kiai jutsu- art of kiai
Kiyosa- equestrian archery competition
kimono
kitty- Japanese art of mounted archery
kissaki- sword point
koan- a Buddhist riddle that promotes the development of intuition
cookie-nage- air throw
kunoichi- female ninja
kenjutsu- sword art
kyujutsu- the art of archery
ma-ay- distance between two opponents
manrique hussars- weapon in the form of a chain with two weighted ends
maekuzuke- a couplet to which a haiku is added
mokuso- meditation
momiji gari- ceremony of admiring the maple leaves
mon- family coat of arms
menpo- protective metal mask, partially or completely covering the face
menuki- an ornament that adorns the hilt of a sword
metsuke- Technique "Looking at a distant mountain"
mugan ryu- School of closed eyes
musya shugyo- warrior's pilgrimage
naginata- a weapon with a long wooden handle and a curved blade at the end
ninjutsu- the secret martial art of the ninja
ninja- hired killer in Japan
ninjato- ninja sword
Niten ichi ryu- School of Unity of Two Heavens
nobori- long rectangular flag of a military unit
nodachi- large two-handed sword
obi- belt
oh goshi- hip throw
omamori- Buddhist amulet that protects the wearer
origami- the art of paper folding
ofuro- bath
randori- big fight, training fight
Ryoanji- Shrine of the Pacified Dragon
ri- Japanese measure of length, approximately 3.93 km
ronin- samurai without master
Ray- bow command
sado- tea way
sayonara- goodbye
sakaki- evergreen tree
sakura- Japanese cherry
sake- rice wine
samurai- japanese warrior
sashimono- a small rectangular flag worn by samurai on the battlefield
sasori- scorpion
satori- enlightenment
saya- scabbard
shogun- literally: the great commander conquering the barbarians
shoji- Japanese sliding door
si- four, or death
shinobi shozoku- ninja clothes
Shishi-no-ma- Palace of Lions
sohei- warrior monk
suko- "claws" that help climb walls
sushi- a dish of raw fish and rice
senryu- Japanese poems
sensei- teacher
sencha- green tea
seoi nage- shoulder throw
seppuku- ritual suicide
shuriken- throwing "asterisk" made of metal
shuryujin- rope weapon with weighted ends
shaku- a measure of length, about 30 cm
tabi- socks with a separate thumb
taijutsu- body art (hand-to-hand combat)
taiko- literally: big drum
Taka-no-ma- Palace of the Falcon
tank- a short Japanese poem containing approximately thirty-one syllables
tanto- knife, dagger
Taryu-jiai- martial arts competitions between schools
tatami- mats that cover the floor
Cho-no-ma- Butterfly Palace
tomoe nage- throw over the head with the emphasis of the foot in the stomach
tonfa- weapon in the form of a stick
tory- defending
torii- Japanese gate
tofu- bean curd
tessen- Japanese fan with a weighted metal rod
tetsu-bishi- metal "hedgehog" with sharp spikes
cha-no-yu- literally: meeting for tea
uke- attacker (partner on whom the technique is practiced)
futon-Japanese bed: a flat mattress that is spread directly on the tatami mat and rolled up in the morning
hajime!- Start!
hai- Yes
haiku- short Japanese poem
hakama- Traditional Japanese clothing
jamon- pattern on the sword; appears as a result of blade hardening
Hanami- cherry blossom viewing festival
hara- center of vital energy
hashi- Food sticks
Hatsuhinode- first sunrise of the year
hibachi- small earthenware brazier
Ho-oh-no-ma- Phoenix Palace
chi sao- "sticky hands" (or "sticky hands")
Yabusame- Ritual equestrian archery
yakatori- pieces of fried chicken on a stick
yame!- stop!
Antique Japanese engraving.
武道の用語集 Dictionary of martial arts terms.
Terms used in aikido and other martial arts in Japan. Here you will not only get acquainted with their phonetic sound and the meaning of each term, but you will also be able to figure out their spelling in Japanese characters, which in turn, perhaps, will ensure their true understanding.
It must be remembered that the Japanese language is distinguished by a large number of homonyms (words that sound exactly the same, but different in meaning), hence the frequent pun inherent in the Japanese language. To avoid confusion when identifying certain words, it is necessary to track the context and their hieroglyphic spelling.
Sometimes there are difficulties in understanding the terms when voicing the roots of Japanese words (稽古 keiko - training, in phrases it is voiced to "geiko"; for example - 暑中稽古 shochu-geiko - training traditionally held in the hottest weather).
Be careful, for a number of reasons, the dictionary does not always follow the alphabetical sequence within each entry (letter).
A
AI- ai (Japanese: 合 ) - harmonious, balanced, consistent, correct. The first character in the word Aikido ( 合気 道 ) was not chosen by chance for this concept. It is consonant with the hieroglyph similar in sound but different in meaning and spelling - ai - ( 愛 ) - love. There is a play on words characteristic of the Japanese language.
Aiki- aiki (Japanese: 合気 ) - a harmonious spirit, mood, a sense of harmony. This term was formed long before the foundation of aikido. Can trace similar reading and writing in martial art Aikijutsu Daitoryu - 合気柔術 大東流. Aiki is, in fact, the basic principle of aikido, because if there is no aiki, there is no aikido.
Aikidjutsu Daito Ryu- Aikijutsu Daitoryu - (Japanese: 合気術 大東流 ) - style of jujutsu ( 柔術 ) Sokaku Takeda is the actual progenitor of aikido. Literally, it can be translated as the school of harmonious technique of the great (big) east.
Aikido- aikido - (Japanese: 合 気 道 ) - aikido.
Aikido Yoshinkan - Aikido Yoshinkan - (Japanese: 合 気 道 養 神 館 ) - Aikido Yoshinkan - a style of aikido created by aikido master Gozo Shioda, a student of Morihei Ueshiba, practiced at the Daseikan dojo.
Aite- aite (Japanese: 相手 ) is a partner. Literally, a friendly hand.
Arigato- arigato (Japanese: 有り難う ) - Thanks. It can be translated as gratitude for the difficulty brought to you by me. Options:
a) Domo arigato- domo arigato (Japanese: どうも有り難う ) - thank you very much.
b) Domo arigato godzaimas- domo arigato gozaimas (Japanese: どうも有り難うございます ) - thank you very much (respectful form).
Atama- atama (Japanese: 頭 ) - head; mind, way of thinking, leader, head, leader.
Atemi- atemi (Japanese: 当て身 ) - strikes that hit the enemy's vulnerable points, literally - hitting the targets of the body. In aikido, such a blow often does not carry the task of inflicting serious damage, but only aims to distract from the beginning of the reproduction of the technique, or to unbalance.
Atemi waza- atemi waza (Japanese: 当て身 技 ) - the technique of striking. Although in modern aikido teaching methods this side of training is considered to the least extent, in the Daseikan dojo it is given a significant amount of training time.
Ashi- ashi (Japanese: 足 ) - leg, step, walking, gait.
a) Tsugi ashi- tsugi ashi (Japanese: 次足 ) - sliding movement in racks, performed with constant contact with the tatami, both with the front and back legs.
b) Ashikubi- ashikubi (Japanese: 足首 ) - ankle.
With) Ashibarai- (Japanese: 足払い ) - cutting, the term judo.
B
bokken- bokken (Japanese: 木剣 ) is a wooden training sword. An actual copy of the katana. Length 95-105 cm, handle 20-27 cm, blade 75-78 cm. It is most often produced from heavy tree species (oak, hornbeam, beech). Depending on the school, the length and bend differ. In Japan, it is equated to edged weapons.
Bokuto- bokuto (Japanese: 木刀 ) - wooden training sword, see Boken.
Budo- budo (Japanese: 武道 ) - the path of war, literally - the battle path. Philosophical concept, doctrine. By budo, they often mean young martial arts that arose in the second half of the 19th and throughout the 20th centuries.
Bujutsu- bujutsu (Japanese: 武術 ) - martial art, skill. This term implies the so-called arts of the old school, which arose before the middle of the 19th century, and sometimes even leading their history from the 13th - 14th centuries.
Buki-waza- buki waza (Japanese: 武器技 ) - work with weapons. Aikido is training with tanto, bokken and jo. Buki waza can be divided into three main sections: 1) basic movements (suburi 素振り or kata 型 ), 2) weapons against weapons (kumijo 組杖 , kumiken 組剣 ) 3) neutralization of the attacker with weapons in the absence of weapons (tantodori 短刀捕り , candori 剣捕り , jodori 杖捕り ).
Bunkai- bunkai (Japanese: 分解 ) - command for building in pairs when working tachi waza. Literally - analysis, analysis (techniques).
Busido- Bushido (Japanese: 武士道 ) - the path (code) of a warrior (samurai).
busin- beads (Japanese: 武神 ) - fighting spirit. This concept underlies any martial art, because if the fighting spirit is weak, neither the fighter’s technique nor the accumulated blows will help. Conversely, if morale is at its best, the weaker one is physically capable of defeating one or more opponents.
C
Chusin ryoku- chushin ryoku (Japanese: 中心力 ) - center line strength is a fundamental principle of Aikido Yoshinkan. The literal translation is "the power of the center of the heart."
Chudan- Chudan (Japanese: 中段 ) - middle level, tier.
Chudan tsuki- chudan tsuki (Japanese: 中段 突き ) - a blow to the body (solar plexus, liver, ribs).
D
Dan- dan (Japanese: 段 - level, degree, degree) - the level of adept while studying a subject, both in martial arts and in other activities, for example, in flower arrangements or board games. Unlike the student grade kyu, dan is a master's degree. The lowest master degree is first dan. The ten dan system is most commonly used, but the number of dans can vary in different styles and schools from 6 to 15 dans as a rule.
a) Mudansya- Mudansha (Japanese: 無段者 ) - one who has not yet been awarded a dan degree.
b) Shodanya- Shodansha (Japanese: 初段者 ) - the owner of the first dan.
c) Yudansya- yudansha (Japanese: 有段者 ) - the owner is given above the first.
Do- before (Japanese: 道 ) - road, path, way, path, area of art. Less commonly used hieroglyph 途 . Often included in the names of various arts or religious teachings:
a) Syodo- Shodo (Japanese: 書道 ) - the art of calligraphy, literally - the way (method) of writing.
b) Chado- chado (Japanese: 茶道 ) - the art of the tea ceremony or "The Way of Tea".
c) Sinto- Shinto (Japanese: 神道 ) - Shintoism, literally - the way of spirits (gods) - the ancient religion of Japan. In this situation, "to" is phonetically stunned to "that".
d) Dokyo/Do- dokyo/do (Japanese: 道教/道 ) - Taoism / Tao (Chinese version) - Chinese religious and philosophical teachings common in Japan.
Do- before (Japanese: 土 ) - earth, soil, clay. One of the five primary elements of Gogyo is the element of earth (see gogyo 五行).
Do- before (Japanese: 堂 ) - temple, palace, hall.
dojo- dojo (Japanese: 道場 , literally - the place of the path) - originally this is a place for meditation and other spiritual practices in Japanese Buddhism and Shintoism. Then, with the symbolic spiritualization of the martial arts of Japan - bujutsu and their transformation into budo, this term also began to be used to refer to the place where training, competitions and certifications in Japanese martial arts, such as karate, judo, aikido, kendo, etc., take place. d.
dojocho- dojocho (Japanese: 道場長 ) - head of the dojo (head, director).
Doshu- doshu (Japanese: 道主 ) - the head of the school (martial art).
Dogi- dogi (Japanese: 道着 or 道衣 ) - special clothing for practicing aikido, often mistakenly called "kimono" by the uninitiated. Literally - "clothes of the path." There are also clothing options for various activities:
a) Keikogi- keikogi (Japanese: 稽古着 or 稽古衣 ) - literally - clothes for training. Keiko - training, occupation. Gi - clothes.
b) Aikidogi- aikidogi (Japanese: 合気道着 or 合気道衣 ) - clothes for practicing aikido.
c) Judogi- Judogi (Japanese: 柔道着 or 柔道衣 ) - clothing for judo.
d) Kendogi- kendogi (Japanese: 剣道着 or 剣道衣 ) - clothes for practicing kendo.
e) Karategi- karategi (Japanese: 空手着 or 空手衣 ) - clothing for karate classes.
Dosa- dosa (Japanese: 動作 ) - movement, manner, behavior. Literally means to move.
Zenkutsu-dachi- zenkutsu-dachi (Japanese: 前屈立ち ) - literally - a stand (position) with an inclination forward. The fundamental attacking position in karate and a number of other martial arts.
Dzori- zori (Japanese: 草履 ) - (straw) sandals.
E
Embukay- embukai (Japanese: 演武会 ) - demonstration performances of martial arts masters and representatives of their schools. Literally - a review of combat performances. Similar events are held not only among aikido practitioners, but also among representatives of other styles of martial arts. Possible option - Embu- Embu (Japanese: 演武 ).
Eri- eri (Japanese: 襟 ) - collar. Dogi collar grip (kimono) is used in aikido training not only during attacks, but also used as an element of neutralization in the implementation of Yoshinkan Aikido techniques.
F
Fudoshin- Fudoshin (Japanese: 不動心 ) - steadfastness, literally - imperturbable heart (spirit) - composure.
Futaridori- futaridori (Japanese: 二人捕り ) - attack of two uke at the same time.
G
Gashuku- gashuku - (Japanese: 合宿 ) - a training camp, a series of training sessions held among a group of people living in a certain place.
Geri- geri (Japanese: 蹴り ) - kick.
a) Mae geri- mae geri (Japanese: 前 蹴り ) - (front) direct kick.
b) mawashi geri- mawashi geri (Japanese: 回し 蹴り ) - kick with a turn on the supporting leg.
in) Ura mawashi geri- ura mawashi geri (Japanese:裏 回し 蹴り ) - a kick similar to the previous one, but with rotation in the opposite direction.
G) Yoko-geri- yoko geri (Japanese: 横 蹴り ) - a direct kick to the side.
go- go (Japanese: 五 ) - five. 伍
Gogyo- gogyo (Japanese: 五行 , Chinese: wu-xing) - usually translated as five elements, literally - five actions, phases or series. This is one of the fundamental tenets of ancient Chinese philosophy - the division of all things into 5 primary elements: metal 金 , water 水 , wood 木 , fire 火 , earth 土 . This concept is reflected in oriental medicine, in many martial arts and other teachings of the east. In essence, these are five phases of the dynamic balance of Yin and Yang, which can be observed in any action and object, animate or inanimate.
gosin waza- goshin waza (Japanese: 護身 技 ) - self-defense techniques - a section of Yoshinkan Aikido and the corresponding type of training.
gyaku- gyaku (Japanese: 逆 ) - opposite, opposite (stand, grip).
Gyakushu- gyakushu (Japanese: 逆 襲) - counterattack, parry, resourceful response.
H
Hagakure- Hagakure (Japanese: 葉隠 (葉隱 - obsolete form) - with leafy- or Hagakure Kikigaki- hagakure kikigaki (Japanese: 葉隠聞書 ) - h apisi about hidden in the foliage, written by Yamamoto Tsunetomo 山本 常朝 - 06/11/1659 - 11/30/1719). This literary work is actually a samurai manual for all occasions.
Hajime- hajime (Japanese: 始め) - let's start! The command to start the technique or exercise.
Hakama- hakama (Japanese: 袴 ) - originally in Japan a piece of cloth around the hips, and later long wide pants-skirt with pleats, fixed as traditional Japanese clothing, often used in various martial arts.
Hanmihandachi-waza- hanmihandachi waza (Japanese: 半身半立ち技 ) - techniques performed in the position: uke - standing, site - kneeling.
Hanasi waza - hanashi waza (Japanese: 離し技 ) - a technique for breaking grips and releasing them.
Hansi - hanshi (Japanese: 範士 ) - a great master, literally - "exemplary warrior" (from the 8th dan).
Hara- hara (Japanese: 腹 ) - stomach, stomach; figuratively - intentions, mood, thoughts.
Harakiri- hara-kiri (Japanese: 腹切り ) - ritual suicide among samurai by ripping open the abdomen. The more official name is 切 腹 - Seppuku- seppuku (on reading).
Hati- hati (Japanese: 八 ) - eight. 捌 - in documents and securities.
Henka-waza- henka waza (Japanese: 変化技 ) - a transformed technique, a variation of aikido techniques and the corresponding type of training.
Hidari- hidari (Japanese: 左 ) - left, left.
Hidza- hiza (Japanese: 膝 ) - knee.
Hiji- hiji (Japanese: 肘 ) - elbow. Less commonly used hieroglyph 肱 or 臂 .
Hijiate- hijiate (Japanese: 肘当て ) - aikido throwing technique with an impact on the elbow (elbow strike).
Hijishime- hijishime (Japanese: 肘締め ) - control of aikido, literally - "compression" of the elbow.
Hikite- hikite (Japanese: 引き手 ) - movement of the hand to the thigh before striking tsuki (swing before striking).
Hiriki no yosei ichi- hiriki no yosei ichi (Japanese: 臂力の養成一 ) - development (literally - education, growth) of the strength of the elbow 1. The first option is carried out by sliding the front leg forward.
Hiriki no yosei ni- hiriki no yosei ni (Japanese: 臂力の養成二 ) - the development of the strength of the elbow. The second option is carried out by transferring body weight from one leg to another with a turn on the toes of the feet of both legs.
Ho- ho (Japanese: 法 ) - a method, principle, model, model, law, rule, doctrine. Less commonly used hieroglyph 則 or 典 .
Buppo- buppo (Japanese: 仏法 ) - Buddhism. Literally - the way, the principle of the Buddha.
Shuho- Shuho (Japanese: 手 法 ) - technique, manner, style of the master. Literally - the style of the hand (master).
Hon - hon (Japanese: 本 ) - book. Kuno reading Motto - motto - base, base, source, roots (trees).
Hombu(Dojo) - hombu (dojo) (Japanese: 本部 (道場) - main, main (dojo), headquarters. Hombu Dojo Aikido Yoshinkan is located in Tokyo (Japan).
I
Ichi- ichi (Japanese: 一 ) - one. 弌 - obsolete form. 壱 - in documents and securities.
Ichiban- ichiban (Japanese: 一番 ) - first-class, number one.
Ippon- ippon (Japanese: 一 本 ) - victory, credited point in single combat. In judo - a complete victory for a well-executed throw or a painful or suffocating hold.
Ikkajo- ikkajo (Japanese: 一ケ条 ) - the first control of Aikido Yoshinkan, literally - the first rule, rule number one. In Aikido Aikikai - Ikkyo - ikkyo (Japanese: 一教 ) - first lesson. Exists as a form of retention - ikkajo osae ( 一ケ条 押え ), and throwing form - ikkajo nage ( 一ケ条 投げ ).
Ikken Hisatsu- ikken hisatsu - (Japanese: 一拳必殺 ) - the principle of karate Shotokan- "One hit - one knockout." Literally - "One fist - an indispensable neutralization."
Inkan- inkan (Japanese: 印鑑 ) - seal, seal imprint.
In - Yo (On - Yo)- in - yo (Japanese: 陰陽 ) - Yin Yang. One of the fundamental dogmas of ancient Chinese philosophy, which was reflected in a number of teachings, medicine, martial arts and came to Japan along with Chinese culture and writing (see also Gogyo).
Irimi- irimi (Japanese: 入りみ ) - entry (penetration, achievement). An important principle of aikido is the principle of merging with the attack, the principle of entering the attack.
Iriminage- iriminage (Japanese: 入りみ 投げ ) - "entrance throw". The iriminage throw itself (not getting out of balance during its execution) does not imply impact with the hands, on the contrary, only the body is involved.
a) Sokumen Iriminage- sokumen iriminage (Japanese: 側面 入りみ 投げ ) - "throw by side entrance".
b) Shomen Iriminage- shomen iriminage (Japanese: 正面 入りみ 投げ ) - "throw by frontal entrance".
J
Jiyu-waza- ju waza (Japanese: 自由技 ) - literally - free technique. A type of training in aikido where uke constantly attacks with one or more types of attacks, and shite performs various neutralizations in accordance with each specific attack.
Jo- jo (Japanese: 杖 ) - staff, cane, stick. The wooden weapon, which is a stick-pole, is usually 128 cm long and 2.5 - 3 cm thick, depending on the school.
Jodori- jodori (Japanese: 杖捕り ) - taking jo from the attacker. One of the types of aikido training.
Jo no Tebiki- jo no tebiki (Japanese: 杖の手引き) - a type of training with jo, literally - under the guidance of jo.
Jojutsu- jo-jutsu (Japanese: 杖術 ) is one of the military disciplines among the samurai. Literally, the art of jo, or the art of wielding jo. Later it became one of the sections of working with weapons in aikido.
Ju- ju (Japanese: 十 ) - ten. 拾 - in documents and securities.
Juji- juji (Japanese: 十字 ) - a cross, literally - a sign of ten.
Jujinage- jujinage (Japanese: 十字投げ ) - throw "ten". The throw is carried out in such a way that uke's arms are crossed and resemble the character "ten". The term is also used 十字 搦み - Jujigarami(jujigarami). In essence, they are one and the same.
Jujutsu- jujutsu (Japanese: 柔術 ) - An ancient martial art of Japan. In Russian, it often sounds like jiu-jitsu. Literally - "The art of softness" or "soft technique".
Judo- Judo (Japanese: 柔道 ) - literally - "soft way". Japanese martial art created by Kano Jigoro (嘉納 治五郎) at the end of the 19th century. Like aikido, it comes from the techniques of jujutsu. The first judo masters, although they used different techniques, are very similar to the first aikido masters ... you can trace this from old videos (see the video of Mifune Kyuzo 三船久蔵 - judo master of the highest class).
K
Ka - ka (Japanese: 火) - fire, flame, light. One of the five primary elements of Gogyo is the element of fire (see gogyo 五行).
Kaeshi-waza - kaeshi waza (Japanese: 返し技 ) - literally - return techniques - a section of aikido that studies techniques for countering aikido techniques.
Kagami Biraki- kagami biraki (Japanese: 鏡開き ) - originally a Japanese traditional holiday associated with the "Great Mirror" (Okagami - 大 鏡 ) - one of the three sacred attributes of imperial power (Sanshu no Jingi - 三種の神器 ). Nowadays, it is held both in various government, commercial organizations, and in the dojo of martial arts. Kagami biraki can be translated as "open mirror", or "revealing (truth) mirror".
Kakarigeyko- kakarigeiko (Japanese: 掛かり稽古 ) - a type of training during aikido classes, when shite works out the same technique on alternately attacking uke. Round after round of sita change. Literally - "conveyor training". It is very convenient for a large number of tatami practitioners in a limited area.
Kamae - kamae (Japanese: 構え ) - a fundamental position, stance in aikido (kendo, kenjutsu). Comes from 構える - arrange, build, wind up, take a position (pose), tune in to something.
a) Aihanmi Kamae - aihanmi kamae (Japanese: 合半身構え ) - the stance of the same name with a partner.
b) gyaku hanmi Kamae - gyakuhanmi kamae (Japanese: 逆 半身構え ) - opposite stand with a partner.
c) Migi no Kamae(or Migi-hanmi Kamae) - migi-no kamae (or migi-hanmi kamae) (Japanese: 右の構え or 右 半身構え ) - right-hand stand.
d) Hidari no Kamae(or Hidari-hanmi Kamae listen)) - hidari no kamae (or hidari-hanmi kamae) (Japanese: 左の構え or 左 半身構え ) - left-hand rack.
Kamidana- kamidana (Japanese: 神棚 , as an option - Kamidza - kamidza - 神座 ) - kami( 神 ) - gods, tana (dana 棚 ) - shelf, altar. In other words - the haven of the gods, a place in a Japanese house or dojo, which is considered the haven of the patron spirits residing in it (in the dojo - fighting spirits). A kamidana is usually a shelf, or recess in a wall, decorated with flowers, crockery, etc.
Kan-geiko- kan-geiko (Japanese: 寒稽古 ) - training, traditionally held in the coldest weather in Japan, mainly in January - February. This type of training is done at the Daseikan dojo.
Kan - kan (Japanese: 館 ) - palace, house, chambers. The hieroglyph is often used in the names of various martial arts schools. 舘 - different spelling.
Kancho - kancho or kancho (Japanese: 館長 ) - the title of high-level master, awarded to the head of the school, or its founder, or chosen by the council of this school. In fact, this is the director of the organization, and not necessarily the best representative of this school.
Kanrenwaza- kanrenwaza (Japanese: 関連 技 ) - combination of hieroglyphs "kanren" ( 関連 ) means: to have a connection, to be in relation. Thus, kanrenvaza is a type of training in which one of the basic movements is first developed, then the trainees proceed directly to the execution of the technique that contains this element.
Karate- karate (Japanese: 空手 ) - literally - "empty hands" (bare hands). Previously another spelling - 唐手 - "Chinese hand". It is necessary to highlight the main styles of karate:
Shotokan- Shotokan (Japanese: 松涛館 ) - can be translated as the palace of pines and the sea, or the palace of noisy pines, the founder is Gichin Funakoshi (Japanese: 義珍 船越 ).
Goju Ryu- Goju Ryu (Japanese: 剛柔流 ) - literally - the flow of hard and soft; founder - Chojun Miyagi (Japanese: 長順 宮城 ).
Wado Ryu- Wado Ryu (Japanese: 和道流 ) - literally - the path of harmony, the path of peace; founder - Hironori Otsuka (Japanese: ...).
Shito Ryu- Shito Ryu (Japanese: 糸東流 ) - literally - the thread of the east, or the style of the eastern thread; founder - Kenwa Mabuni (Japanese: 賢和 摩文仁 ).
Kyokusinkay- Kyokushinkai (Japanese: 極真会 ) - the community of the highest truth. Founder - Masutatsu Oyama (Japanese: 大山倍達 ).
Koshiki Karate- Koshiki Karate (Japanese: 甑空手 ), founded by Kaiso Kori Hisataka (Japanese: ...).
Kai- kai (Japanese: 会 , 會 - obsolete form) - community, meeting, association. Used in school names.
Kaycho - kaichō or kaichō (Japanese: 会長 ) - cm. Kancho .
Kasima Sin Ryu- Kashima Shin Ryu (Japanese: 鹿島神流 ) - a traditional martial art of Japan based on a number of principles of combat developed since the beginning of the 16th century. Includes both different types of work with weapons, and without it.
Kata - kata (Japanese: 型 or 形 ) - type, form, model, sample, pattern. A sequence of movements involving the performance of a technique (a series of techniques) with an imaginary partner.
Kata - kata (Japanese: 方 ) - direction, side; (politely) person, person.
Kata - kata (Japanese: 肩 ) - shoulder.
Kata - kata (Japanese: 片 ) - one-sided, one of two.
Katate- katate (Japanese: 片手
) - (one) hand, one hand, one-handed.
Katana- katana（Japanese: 刀 ) - a traditional Japanese two-handed sword with a blade length of more than 60 cm.
KAtana Kake- katanakake（Japanese: 刀掛け ) - stand for katana (boken, jo, any weapon).
Keiko- keiko (Japanese: 稽古 ) - exercise, training, occupation, study of something. In phrases, it is often voiced to "geiko" - see Kakarigeyko.
a) Keikobi- keikobi (Japanese: 稽古日 ) - training day, literally - the day when the keiko took place - class.
b) Hitorigeiko- Hitorigeiko (Japanese: 一人稽古 ) - training in solitude.
c) Hikitategeiko- hikitategeiko (Japanese: 引き立て稽古 ) - 引き立てる - support, accompany, patronize - respectively, this is training in tandem with an older student, where he explains the nuances of the technique to the younger one.
d) Uchikomigeiko- uchikomigeiko - ( 打ち込み稽古 ) - hard, continuous training ( 打ち込む - to the teacher - to drive in, to invest).
e) Mitorigeiko- mitorigeiko - (Japanese: 見取り稽古 ) - training by observation ( 見取り - mitori - see-understand, understand for yourself, literally - catch with a glance), a form of training during which the practitioner does not participate in the lesson, but observes the trainees. Can be used for illness or injury.
f) Yagaigeiko- yagaigeiko - (Japanese: 野外稽古) - outdoor training, literally - in the open air, in the fresh air, in the field.
Ken - ken (Japanese: 剣 , as well as a number of obsolete spellings: 劍 劔 剱 ) is a sword.
拳 - paradoxically, the word fist in Japanese is also read "ken", kun reading - Kobushi- kobushi.
Kempo (Shorin-ji Kempo)- Kempo or in full - Shorinji Kempo (Japanese: 少林寺拳法 ) - literally - the Shaolin fist method. The method of combat, spiritual improvement and physical education, which was created after the Second World War by Nakano Michiomi ( 中野道臣 - 1911-1980, better known under the pseudonym Seo Doshin 宗道臣 ), who actively studied combat schools in China.
Kendo - kendo (Japanese: 剣道 ) - literally - the way of the sword, since 1920 the modern art of swordsmanship in Japan, a kind of sports fusion of various kenjutsu schools 剣 術 . See Kenjutsu.
Kendori - Kendori (Japanese: 剣 捕り ) - neutralization of the attacker with a boken (sword) uke. Type of training in aikido. There is another version of the name - Tachidori- tachidori ( 太刀取り ) - the essence of this does not change.
Kenjutsu- kenjutsu (Japanese: 剣術 ) - literally - the art, technique of the sword, the ability to wield a sword. Kenjutsu- a number of fencing schools of medieval Japan, some of which exist to this day.
Kenshi- kenshi (Japanese: 剣士 ) is a swordsman.
Ki- ki (Japanese: 気 ( 氣 - the old form of writing) - many will immediately translate this term into the Russian word "energy". Not that it will be a mistake, but still, first of all, it is: mood, mood, feeling, feeling, atmosphere ... and rather the energy of a person as his mood, rather than some unknown "energy" to the uninitiated.
Kiba-dachi- kiba-dachi (Japanese: 騎馬立ち ) - literally - a rider's stand. A karate term that refers to a low stance with legs wide apart. Depending on the school or style, the height of the stance and the position of the legs vary somewhat, but a similar position is very common in other martial arts. Shiko-dachi (Japanese: 四股立ち - "stand in four hips") - in sumo. Mabu (Chinese: 馬步 ) - in the ear.
Kin- kin (Japanese: 金 ) - metal, gold (money). One of the five primary elements of Gogyo is the element of metal (see gogyo 五行).
Kinagare(Ki-no-nagare ) - kinagare (ki-no-nagare) (Japanese: 気流れ or 気 の 流れ) - a stable concept of aikido - "ki flow". In addition, the name of a friendly dojo in Moscow under the direction of Alexander Kalmanov.
Ki-o-tsuke - ki-o-ts(u)ke (Japanese: 気を付け ) - command - "be careful!", You can draw a parallel with the Russian "attention!".
Kiko- kiko (Japanese: 気功 ) - a kind of Japanese analogue of the Chinese art of "qigong". Literally, it can be translated as - "successful management of ki." At its core, it is a system of self-regulation of the body, built on a combination of physical exercises, breathing exercises and the corresponding state of consciousness.
Kihon- kihon (Japanese: 基本 ) - base, base, foundation.
Kihondosa- kihondosa (Japanese: 基本 動作 ) are the basic movements of Yoshinkan Aikido.
Kihonwadza- kihonwaza (Japanese: 基本 技 ) are the basic techniques of Yoshinkan Aikido.
Kiritsu- Kiritsu (Japanese: 起立 ) - get up! (team).
Kitei Waza- kitei waza (Japanese: 基底 技 ) are required techniques to perform during the Aikido Yoshinkan exam.
Kohai- kohai (Japanese: 後輩 ) - junior comrade (student) in the course of study.
Koho ukemi- koho ukemi (Japanese: 後方受け身 ) - insurance back.
Kokyu- kokyu (Japanese: 呼吸 ) - breathing, skill, knowledge of the matter.
Kokyu-ho- kokyu ho (Japanese: 呼吸法 ) - the "principle of breathing" - the principle of joint work with a partner.
Kokyuryoku- kokyuryoku (Japanese: 呼吸 力 ) - literally - "power of breath", one of the principles of aikido.
Kokyunage- kokyunage (Japanese: 呼吸 投げ ) - "breathing" throw (throw without pain impact).
Koshi- koshi (Japanese: 腰 ) - belt, hips.
Koshi nage- koshi nage (Japanese: 腰 投げ ) - throw through the thigh.
Kotae- kotae (Japanese: 答え ) is a command pronounced to indicate the change of roles of sita and uke in a pair. Literally, site is the answer to uke.
Kote - kote (Japanese: 小手 ) - wrist. Literally - ko ( 小) small, te ( 小 ) - (part of the hand) hand.
Kotegaeshi- kotegaeshi (Japanese: 小手返し ) - a throw characteristic of aikido with a painful effect on the hand.
Kubi- cubi (Japanese: 首 ) - neck.
Kuzushi- kuzushi (Japanese: 崩し ) - unbalancing - is an integral factor in the further implementation of aikido techniques. The fundamental principle of all aikido techniques.
Ku (Kyu)- ku(kyu) (Japanese: 九 ) - nine. 玖 - in documents and securities.
Kudo- kudo (Japanese: 空道 ) - the modern martial art of Japan, which was formed in the early 80s of the twentieth century, can be translated as "the path of emptiness" or "method of emptiness". Founder - Azuma Takashi ( 東 孝 ) practiced judo, kyokushin karate and Thai boxing. Currently, kudo is a martial arts sport that includes judo throwing techniques, karate and boxing percussion techniques, painful and suffocating techniques. Despite a wide arsenal of various effects, athletes use quite sophisticated protective equipment: gloves, helmets, cuirasses.
Kumijo- kumijo (Japanese: 組杖 ) - work with jo against jo. Literally - a duel on jo.
Kumiken - kumiken (Japanese: 組 剣 ) - work with a sword against a sword (bokken against bokken).
Kumite- kumite (Japanese: 組手 ) - duel, free fight. Literally - a fight on the hands.
Hyakunin kumite- Hyakunin Kumite (Japanese: 百人 組手 ) - "one hundred fights" - a kind of test in some styles of karate, where the test subject holds many fights in a row with changing opponents.
Kyo- kyo (Japanese: 教 ) - doctrine, principle, law, dogma, doctrine.
Kyokai- kyokai (Japanese: 教会 ) - temple.
Bukkyo- bukkyo (Japanese: 仏教 ) - Buddhism, literally - the teachings of the Buddha.
kyu- kyu (Japanese: 級 ) - rank, degree, system for designating the level of knowledge, skills in various types of martial arts in Japan (also used in games: go, shogi, renju; ekibane). The lower kyu, the higher the level of achievement - the highest level of achievement in this classification is the first kyu. Higher degrees are called Dan. In different types of arts, the number of kyu is different (from 6 to 15).
Kyudo- kyudo (Japanese: 弓道 ) - the art of owning a bow, literally - "the way of the bow." In ancient times, it was an integral part of samurai training. With the loss of bow combat use on the battlefield, kyudo is practiced as an art, or one of the ways of meditation. But these days, most kyudoka ( 弓道家 - practicing kyudo), are engaged in kyudo as a sport where not only accuracy is evaluated, but also the aesthetics of the shot.
L
Terms under development.
M
Ma AI- ma ai (Japanese: 間合い ) - the correct (harmonious) distance between partners. It must be remembered that proper distance is one of the decisive factors in any duel.
Makiwara- makiwara (Japanese: 巻藁 ) - an object for practicing strikes - a kind of pear in boxing. Literally - a roll of straw.
Maydzin- Meijin (Japanese: 名人 ) - "great master" - the highest degree in the budo hierarchy. Master of his craft.
Menkyo - menkyo (Japanese: 免許 ) - a certificate of obtaining a degree (kyu, dan), as well as permission, a license (for example, for teaching), literally - to allow freedom of action.
Menkyo-kaiden- menkyo-kaiden (Japanese: 免許皆伝 ) - complete initiation (into the secrets of art), complete transfer (of all knowledge and secrets). Kaidan - literally = to convey everything.
Migi- migi (Japanese: 右 ) - right, right.
Migigawa- migigawa (Japanese: 右側 ) - on the right, right side.
Misogi- misogi (Japanese: 禊 ) - a ritual cleansing ceremony in Shintoism, often practiced in various types of martial arts, as a rule, is associated with standing under a stream of cold water.
Mochi- urine (Japanese: 持ち ) - capture in Aikido Yoshinkan. Strength, safety, durability.
Moku- moku (Japanese: 木 ) - wood. One of the five primary elements of Gogyo is the element wood (see gogyo 五行).
Mokuso- mokuso (Japanese: 黙想 ) is a kind of meditation form in Buddhism/Shintoism. Literally - stop thinking, or literally - stop thinking. On the tatami - a command to concentrate, as a rule, before and at the end of a workout.
Morote- Morote (Japanese: 諸手 ) - with both hands, literally - entirely, completely, with all hands.
Mune- mune (Japanese: 胸 ) - breast. Portable - soul, heart.
Dokyo- dokyo (Japanese: 度胸 ) - courage, courage, fearlessness, literally - degree, measure of the chest (heart, soul).
N
Nafuda kake- nafuda kake (Japanese: 名札掛け ) - a stand with wooden tablets with the names of students involved in the dojo, indicating their achievements on the basis of aikido.
Nage- nage (Japanese: 投げ ) - throw. In some schools of aikido, this is the name of the partner who neutralizes the attack.
Naginata- naginata (Japanese: なぎなた or 長刀 or 薙刀 ) - literally can be translated as "long sword" or "mowing sword" - from the 7th to the end of the 19th century edged weapons in Japan. It is a one-sided curved blade (about 30 cm) and a long oval handle (about 2 m). There are also shorter options. Among the samurai, the corresponding art taught the possession of these weapons. Naginata-jutsu (長刀 術 ). As with kenjutsu, there were many different schools of naginata wielding in Japan. In later times, the naginata began to be used by women from the samurai class, and in the 20th century, the sports naginata-jutsu developed like kendo.
Ni- no (Japanese: 二 ) - two. 弍 - obsolete form. 弐 - in documents and securities.
Nikkajo- nikajo (Japanese: 二 ケ条 ) is the second control of Aikido Yoshinkan.
compare: Nikyo- nikyo (Japanese: 二教 ) is the second control of the Aikido Aikikai.
Nito Ichi Ryu- Nito Ichi Ryu (Japanese: 二刀 一流 ) - literally - two swords, one school; Literally, it can be translated as a school (style) of fencing with two swords. The legendary swordsmanship school of the greatest swordsman Miyamoto Musashi ( 宮本武蔵 - ?.?. 1584 - 06/13/1645. Birth name Bennosuke 弁之助 ). You can find other names of the school: 武蔵流 - Musashi Ryu, or just 二刀流 - Nito Ryu.
Ninjutsu- Ninjutsu (Japanese: 忍術 ) - the ancient martial art of Japan - the art of disguise and espionage. Literally - the ability to disguise or the art of patience.
O
O sensei - o-sensei (Japanese: 翁先生 ) is a great teacher, usually about Morihei Ueshiba. Literally - an old teacher, an elderly, honored person.
Obi- obi (Japanese: 帯 ) - belt.
Kuroobi- Kuroobi (Japanese: 黒 帯 ) is a black belt in martial arts.
Oomotokyu- oomotokyo (Japanese: 大本教 ) is a religious and philosophical doctrine that was formed in Japan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Literally, it can be translated - "The Teaching of the Great Beginning." In the 20s - 40s of the last century, Morihei Ueshiba shared the teachings of Oomotokyo.
Osae- osae (Japanese: 押え ) - retention in aikido, literally - press. Heaviness, pressure, control.
Osae-waza- osae waza (Japanese: 押え 技 ) - retention techniques.
Os(u)- oc (y) - y is reduced (not readable) - (Japanese: 押忍 , often hiragana - おす or おっす ) - a greeting in karate and aikido, which often has a huge variety of meanings, often with the general meaning of "yes" - yes, I agree, yes, yes, yes, I understand. The literal translation is pressure ( 押 ) can endure ( 忍 - there are 2 hieroglyphs: blade 刃 over the heart 心 ). Literally can be translated - "Always ready!"
Oyo-waza- ōyo wza (Japanese: 応用技 ) - Yoshinkan Aikido applied techniques and the type of their training. Literally - techniques of practical application.
P
Q
R
Rei- ray (Japanese: 礼 ) - bow, greeting, politeness, courtesy, etiquette, ritual, ceremony.
Reishiki- reishiki (Japanese: 礼式 ) - etiquette, good manners, politeness. Also - Reigi- reigi ( 礼儀 ) and Reisetsu- reisetsu ( 礼節 ).
Shitsurei- Shitsurei (Japanese: 失礼 ) - impoliteness, violation of etiquette, rudeness. Also an apology: I beg your pardon, goodbye, sorry.
Rendzoku dosa- Renzoku dosa (Japanese: 連続動作 ) are repetitive movements in Yoshinkan Aikido training.
Roku- roku (Japanese: 六 ) - six. 陸 - in documents and securities.
Rundori- randori (Japanese: 乱取り ) - random (chaotic) attacks.
Ryu- Ryu (Japanese: 流 ) - course, school, manner, style. Often used in the names of various schools of budo. For example, the aikido school Ando Tsuneo ( 安藤 毎夫 ) is called Yoshinkan Aikido Ryu ( 養神館 合気道 龍 ). There is a play on words here: ryu - 流 - Iryu current - 龍 - dragon (symbol of the dojo Tsuneo Ando).
S
San- san (Japanese: 三 ) - three. 参 - in documents and securities.
San kajo- sankajo (Japanese: 三 ケ条 ) is the third control of Aikido Yoshinkan.
compare: San kyo- Sankyo (Japanese: 三教 ) is the third control of the Aikido Aikikai.
Sannindori- Sanindori (Japanese: 三 人捕り ) - attack by three uke at the same time.
Seiza- seiza (Japanese: 正座 ) - a kneeling position or a command to take this position, literally - to sit correctly, straightened up (straight).
Sempai- Senpai (Japanese: 先輩 ) - senior comrade (student) in the course of study.
Sensei- sensei (Japanese: 先生 , literally - already gone the way before) - teacher, instructor, sensei.
Senshusei- senshusei (Japanese: 専修生
) or ( Senshusei kosu - 専修生 コース
) - from Japanese senshu ( 専修
) - specialization. An intensive 11-month Yoshinkan Aikido program held annually from April 1st to March 1st at the Hombu Dojo (Shinjuku Tokyo Japan). Senshusei (as the participants of the program are called) train 5 days a week from 7:30 to 14:00 throughout the course. The life of the senshusei was chronicled in Robert Twigger's controversial 1997 book Angry White Pajamas.
The first two months are especially tough training, which not all course participants are able to overcome. Of the foreigners, by the finals of the 1994 senshusei course, which Twigger himself took, there were 4 people out of 16 applicants at the start. Initially, the course was created by the founder of Yoshinkan Aikido Gozo Shioda in 1957 specifically for representatives of the Tokyo Police Department, but since 1980 it has become available to foreigners, and in 1991 it was reoriented to those who wish to become an instructor of Aikido Yoshinkan.
In modern times, two additional versions of senshusei have appeared: a less intensive class for applicants over forty years of age, and a two-year course with reduced training time.
shidosha- shidosha (Japanese: 指導者 ) - instructor, leader.
Shin- syn. Here it is really necessary to track the context of the conversation, since there are a lot of words and their corresponding hieroglyphs in Japanese. We will mention only some of them that are more common in the topic of martial arts.
神 - (kunny reading - kami) - god, gods, Shinto deity - kami, spirit.
心 - (kunny reading - kokoro) - heart, soul.
身 - (kunny reading - mi) - body, the man himself, figuratively - mind, soul, strength.
真 - (single reading) - truth, truth, reality.
Shinken shobu- shinken shobu - (Japanese: 真剣勝負 ) - a real (serious) duel, literally - "sword of victory or defeat", a duel with real swords, although it does not have to be about fencing and swords.
信 - (single reading) - faith, trust, fidelity, sincerity.
Shite - sita (Japanese: 仕手 ) - during Aikido training, Yoshinkan is a partner who performs the technique. Also - Tori(tori - 取り), or Nage(nage - 投げ) in other styles of aikido.
Shitei Waza- shitei waza (Japanese: 指定技 ) - techniques of the examiner's choice during the Yoshinkan Aikido exam.
Shodan- Shodan (Japanese: 初段 ) - literally - the first stage of mastery (first dan - black belt in aikido).
Shomen- Shomen (Japanese: 正面 ) - front, facade, "face", the central wall of a Shinto or Buddhist temple, also a wall in the dojo, on which the values of the dojo are located: a scroll with the motto of the school, portraits of the founders, kamidana.
Shototsu- shototsu - (Japanese: 衝突 ) - clash, confrontation, conflict, clinch.
Shugyo- Shugyo (Japanese: 修行 ) - practical study, training, religious practice in Buddhism, literally - go learning. A book about aikido written by Gozo Shioda is called Aikido Shugyo - 合気道 修行 -Aikido Shugyo.
Sihan- shihan (Japanese: 師範 ) - a master of Japanese martial arts, possessing 5-7 dan, literally - "example teacher".
Shiko-ho- shiko ho (Japanese: 膝行 法 ) - moving on your knees - a type of training in aikid.
Shikomidzue- shikomizue (Japanese: 仕込み杖) - literally - a cane serving as a weapon. Melee weapons hidden inside a wooden stick or cane. Often attributed to use among ninja. In modern times, they are used in cinema.
Shihonage- shihonage (Japanese: 四方 投げ ) - the fundamental technique of aikido, the name comes from Aikijutsu Daito Ryu, it can be translated as a throw on four sides. A key technique in any style of aikido.
Sinai- shinai (Japanese: 竹刀 ) - a bamboo sword for practicing kendo or kenjutsu (see Kendo and Kenjutsu) introduced by master Naganuma Kunisato 長沼国郷 (1688-1767).
Sinto- Shinto (Japanese: 神道 ) - the path of the gods or the path of the spirit. Ancient traditional religion of Japan.
Shime-waza- shime waza (Japanese: 絞技 ) - suffocating techniques.
Shumatsu dosa- sumatsu dosa (Japanese: 終末動作 ) - the final exercise, movements performed at the end of Yoshinkan Aikido training.
soke- soke (Japanese: 宗家 ) - the founder of the school (style). Soke Gozo Shioda is the founder of Aikido Yoshinkan.
Sotai- sotai (Japanese: 相対 ) - work in pairs. Literally, face to face. The corresponding command for pair work in kihon dosa and shumatsu dosa mode is Kihon Dosa Sotai ;Shumatsu Dosa Sotai.
Sotsugyōshiki- sotsugyoshiki (Japanese: 卒業式
) - a ceremony of awarding diplomas or certificates of successful completion of a course of study.
City- city (Japanese: 七 ) - seven. 漆 - in documents and securities.
suburi- suburi (Japanese: 素振り ) - literally - an element of the manner of movement, behavior, behave somehow. In aikido, basic movements with boken or jo.
Suwari-waza- suwari waza (Japanese: 座り 技 ) - techniques performed on the knees.
Sumiotoshi- sumiotoshi (Japanese: 角落とし ) - the term judo - throwing technique using a partner's "weak angle", in fact - kokyunage.
Sui- sui (Japanese: 水 ) is water. One of the five primary elements of Gogyo is the element water (see gogyo 五行).
Sumo- sumo (Japanese: 相撲 ) - sumo wrestling.
Syochu-geiko- shochu-geiko (Japanese: 暑中稽古 ) - aikido training, traditionally held in the hottest weather in Japan, mainly in July - August. This type of training is practiced at the Daseikan dojo.
Shuriken- shuriken (Japanese: 手裏剣 ) - a knife or a star - a cold weapon for throwing. Literally - a blade hidden in the hand. Usually a ninjutsu weapon.
Syutyu-ryoku- shuchu ryoku (Japanese: 集中力 ) - strength (concentrations) unions (whole body) - fundamental principle of aikido yoshinkan.
T
Tachi-waza- tachi waza (Japanese: 立ち 技 ) - techniques in a standing position. The step-by-step mode of execution of the Yoshinkan Aikido technique, in fact, is the first acquaintance with the technique of aikido, plus its analysis.
Tachidori- tachidori (Japanese: 太刀取り ) - the selection of the sword. See Kendori.
Taiiku- taiiku - (Japanese: 体育 ) - physical education, literally - the development of the body.
Tokuiku- tokuiku - (Japanese: 徳育 ) - moral, moral education.
Taiso- taiso - (Japanese: 体操 ) - gymnastics, literally - body control.
Tai sabaki- tai sabaki - (Japanese: 体捌き ) - literally - care of the body. An aikido term that refers to moving away from the line of attack.
Takemitsu- takemitsu (Japanese: 竹光 ) - bamboo sword, see Sinai.
Tameshigiri- tameshigiri (Japanese: 試し斬り ) - demonstration cutting of objects. Literally - to try out a new sword.
Tameshiwari- tameshiwari - (Japanese: 試し割り ) - demonstrative breaking of objects (bricks, boards) by blows with various parts of the body (arms, legs, head).
Tanden- tanden (Japanese: 丹田 ) - the lower part of the abdomen, literally cinnabar field. In traditional oriental medicine, it has long been considered a place of focus of vitality.
Tanto - tanto (Japanese: 短刀 tanto, literally "short sword") - more often a wooden model of a short sword (knife) of a samurai.
Tantodori - tantodori (Japanese: 短刀捕り ) - neutralization of the attacking tanto (knife) uke, in fact - a variant of free technique - juwaza ( 自由技 ). It includes both throwing techniques and holding techniques - the selection of the object of attack (tanto or knife).
Tasudori- tasudori (Japanese: 多数捕り ) - multiple attacks, neutralization of two, three or more attackers (with bare hands or weapons).
Tatami- tatami (Japanese: 畳 literally - folding; what folds) - previously a straw rug in a Japanese house, now in aikido and other martial arts, a special floor covering that softens the fall in the practice room (dojo - 道場 ).
Taikyokuken- Taikyokuken (Japanese: 太極拳 ) - Japanese reading of Chinese characters taijiquan - Chinese martial art, literally - "the fist of the great limit."
Tai no henko ichi- tai no henko ichi (Japanese: 体の変更 一 ) - body movement number 1. The first option is carried out by sliding the back foot forward.
Tai no henko ni- tai no henko ni (Japanese: 体の変更二 ) - body movement number 2. The second option is carried out by turning on the toe of the front leg.
Te - te (Japanese: 手 ) - hand, hands.
Tekatana- tekatana (Japanese: 手刀 ) - the position of the hand in its natural fold, literally - the hand-sword. The most important principle of any style of aikido.
Tekubi- tekubi (Japanese: 手首 ) - wrist.
Tenkan- tenkan (Japanese: 転換 ) - one of the fundamental principles of aikido - leaving the line of attack with a turn on the front leg. Literally - transition, transfer (attention, thoughts) from one to another.
tenchi nage- tenchi nage (Japanese: 天地投げ ) - roll "heaven - earth". Despite the fact that this term goes everywhere as "the name of the throwing technique", it is rather an aikido exercise that does not have an applied side.
Tensin Syoden Katori Sinto-ryu- Tenshin Shoden Katori Shinto-ryu (Japanese: 天真正伝香取神道流 ) is one of the most ancient integrated schools of martial arts at the moment. Date of foundation according to various sources - the middle - the end of the XV century. Although the main focus of the school is on working with a sword, work is nevertheless considered, both with and without other types of weapons.
Tori- tori (Japanese: 取り ) - in Aikido Aikikai, this is the name of the partner performing the aikido technique.
Tsuki- tsuki (Japanese: 突き ) - in aikido, a direct punch or tanto, literally - to prick. There are options:
Djodan Tsuki- jodan tsuki (Japanese: 上段 突き ) - attack to the upper level (head).
Chudan Tsuki- chudan tsuki (Japanese: 中段 突き ) - a blow to the middle level (body: solar plexus, liver, ribs).
Gedan Tsuki- gedan tsuki (Japanese: 下段 突き ) - attack of the lower level (lower back, groin).
U
Uchi- learn (Japanese: 打ち ) - attack, chopping blow in aikido.
Uchideshi- uchideshi (Japanese: 内弟子 ) - a student who lives in the house of an aikido master, and in addition to the mandatory attendance at training, doing housework. Uchideshi, as a rule, become the best students, adopting all the subtleties of the teacher's skill.
Udegarami- udegarami (Japanese: 腕搦み ) - aikido throwing technique. Literally - the lock of the hand.
Uke- uke (Japanese: 受 [け]) - a partner, as a rule, carrying out an attack and subject to technique.
Ukemi- ukemi (Japanese: 受身
) - protection (during a fall), insurance.
a) Koho Ukemi- koho ukemi (Japanese: 後方 受身 ) - back insurance, fall back.
b) Zempo Kaiten Ukemi- zempo kaiten ukemi (Japanese: 前方 回転 受身 ) - front insurance roll.
With) Zempo HayakuUkemi- zempo hayaku ukemi (Japanese: 前方 早く 受身 ) - front (high) insurance, literally - insurance without delay.
Ura- cheers (Japanese: 裏 ) - inside, reverse, wrong side.
Ushiro- ushiro (Japanese: 後 [ろ ]) - back, behind.
Ushiro-waza- ushiro waza (Japanese: 後 技 ) - Aikido techniques when attacking from behind.
V
W
Wakidzashi- wakizashi (Japanese: 脇差 ) - literally - worn on the side, a traditional Japanese short sword (with a blade length, as a rule, from 30 to 60 centimeters), which was worn in tandem with a long (see Katana).
Waza- waza (Japanese: 技 ) - technique, technique, skill, art, skill, dexterity.
Waza- waza (Japanese: 業 ) - business, act, technique (in sports). Reading Gyo- gyo in the meanings: profession, occupation, business. Reading Go- go in the meaning of karma (in Buddhism).
Jugyo- jugyo (Japanese: 授業 ) - classes, classes, lessons, training.
X
Y
Yame- yame (Japanese: 罷め ) - stop! (team).
Yamabushi- yamabushi (Japanese: 山伏 ) - literally - "hiding in the mountains" and consonant with "mountain warrior". A hermit monk who lives in the mountains and practices budo (bujutsu).
Yoi- yoi (Japanese: 用意 ) Get ready! (team). Literally - to alert thoughts (feelings, intention).
Yoko- yoko (Japanese: 横 ) - side, side.
Yon- yon (kun reading, Japanese: 四 ) - four. 肆 - in documents and securities.
This reading "shi" - "si" is not very welcome in Japan.
Yon kajo- yonkajo (Japanese: 四 ケ条 ) is the fourth control of Aikido Yoshinkan.
compare: Yon kyo- yonkyo (Japanese: 四教 ) is the fourth control of the Aikido Aikikai.
Yoshinkan Aikido - Yoshinkan Aikido - (Japanese: Yoshinkan Aikido is a style of aikido practiced in the Daseikan dojo.
Yu - yu (Japanese: 勇) - courage, courage, bravery (in idiomatic expressions).
Yushi - yushi (Japanese: 勇士) - a brave warrior.
Yubidori- yubidori (Japanese: 指捕り ) - finger control, literally - finger grip. A Yoshinkan Aikido technique often preceding the third Sankajo control. It can also end up with just a hold.
Z
Zanshin- Zanshin (Japanese: 残心 ) - the totality of the state of mind and body position, both during the execution of the technique, and (especially) at its final moment and after it. Literally, stop the heart. The lack of understanding of this most important principle of aikido among senior students (3-1 kyu) practically excludes their further development.
Zen- Zen (Japanese: 禅 , obsolete form 禪 - Chinese - Chan, Korean - 선 - dream) - one of the largest schools of Buddhism that originated in China around the 5th century and transferred to Japan by the 12th century. Surprisingly, this school turned out to be closely connected with almost all budo schools in Japan and many schools in China and Korea. Many adepts of martial arts practiced Zenjo - zenjo ( 禅定 ) - meditation (or Zazen - zazen - 座禅 - sitting meditation; spelling variant - 坐禅 ). One of the postulates of the school is the constancy of being on the way - To ( 道 ). It is this hieroglyph that we find in the names of most modern schools of budo ( 武道 ).
For many centuries, Japan was drowning in warriors and civil strife, resulting in a military shogunate, and the Japanese art of war, after Europeans visited it, became known to the whole world. Of course, wartime influenced almost all spheres of Japanese life, and in speech and writing it was impossible to do without special vocabulary. Today we decided to analyze for you a few "militant" hieroglyphs.
Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "warrior"
士 shi (not to be confused with 土 - "earth", where the upper horizontal line is shorter than the lower one). This simple hieroglyph, consisting of only three lines, is, at the same time, very important. It is part of such words as 武士 (bushi) - bushi warrior, 武士道 (bushido:) - bushi warrior way.
In this kanji, the upper horizontal stroke is drawn first, then the vertical one, and the lower horizontal one completes the character. It can also be translated as "noble man" and acquires such a meaning in the words 博士 (hakase) - professor, doctor of science; 学士 (gakushi) - graduate; 名士 (meishi) is a celebrity. And the third meaning is not a meaning at all, but a suffix denoting a person -
同士 (do:shi) - comrade; 力士 (rikishi) - sumo wrestler; 弁護士 (bengoshi) - lawyer; 飛行士(hiko:shi) - pilot.
Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "samurai"
侍 samurai. The very concept of "samurai" comes from the word "serve" and indeed, samurai, in addition to protecting their master, also performed the role of his servants. Samurai are sometimes referred to as 武士, but bushi is a broader concept.
The character for "samurai" consists of three elements: a simplified element for "man" 人 hito, "earth" 土tsuchi, and "protect" 守るmamoru. In fact, it turns out that a samurai is "a person who protects the earth."
Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "strength"
力 chikara. (not to be confused with 刀 - katana, Japanese sword) This character, although simple and consisting of only two strokes, is part of many important words in Japanese and means strength both literally and figuratively. The on reading of this kanji is ryoku, riki.
The meaning of "strength" in the literal sense:
体力 (tairyoku) - physical strength
圧力 (atsuryoku) - pressure
人力車 (jinrikishya) - rickshaw
力士 (rikishi) sumo wrestler
強力 (kyou:ryoku) strength, power
The meaning of the kanji "strength" in the meaning of "ability":
能力 (no: ryoku) - ability, skill
There is also the meaning of "effort, effort":
協力 (kyou:ryoku) - cooperation
努力 (doryoku) - effort, effort
Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "dragon"
It would seem that what makes the kanji "dragon" in our list of "martial" characters? Everything is explained very simply - the dragon symbolizes strength and masculinity. One reading ryu:. This character has no additional meanings.
Try to draw one of the Japanese "militant" hieroglyphs yourself and write in the comments if you succeeded.
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