“In our country, half of the noble families of Russia bore Tatar surnames. About Mishar names and surnames Muslim surnames and names

Tatar surnames. The meaning of Tatar surnames

BABICHEV. Specific princely family. From Baba Ivan Semyonovich, governor Vitovt, who left to serve Vasily I and Vasily II. In the 16th century, it is mentioned: in Moscow, Prince Kolyshka Babichev, in Kazan, under 1568, "the court of Prince Boris son of Babichev." In kinship with the Beklemishevs, Polivanovs. According to N.A. Baskakov, from Bai Bach "the son of a rich man." Judging by the lands in the Ryazan Territory and the service in Kazan, they came from Kazan and, perhaps, even from Bulgar.

BAGININS. In the embassy order under 1698, Takhtaralei Baginin was noted. Nobles since the 17th century. Bagi - Baki" - a personal name from the Ara-Bo-Turkic "eternal".

BAGRIMOV. In the OGDR it is reported that Bagrim left the Great Horde to the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich in 1425. In 1480, the clerk Ivan Denisovich Bagrimov was celebrated in Kashin, in 1566 Yuri Borisovich Bagrimov was celebrated in Dmitrov. The surname is Tatar from bagrim "my heart", "darling".

BAZANINS. Nobles since 1616. From the Turkic nickname bazan, bazlan "screamer".

BAZHANOVS.Nobles since the 17th century. From the Turkic-Tatar bazh "brother-in-law, wife's sister's husband." Subsequently, architects, scientists.

BAZAROVS. Nobles since the end of the 16th century. Under 1568, Temir Bazarov was noted in Yaroslavl. A nickname for people born on market days.

BAYBAKOV. Nobles since the 17th century. In the 17th century, the clerk Ivan Prokopievich Baibakov was noted, in 1646 he was ambassador to Holland. Surname from the Arab-Turkic bai bak "forever rich". Subsequently, the military, scientists, public figures.

BAYKACHKAROV. Nobles since the 16th century, an estate in Rylsk. In 1533, the interpreter of Vasily III in Kazan, Fyodor Baikachkar, was mentioned. From Turko-Tatar. nicknames bai kachkar "rich wolf".

BAYKOV. Baibulat Baikov - serving Tatar in 1590 in Arzamas. From him, the Baikovs are landowners in Ryazan, Ryazhsk, where people from the Kazan-Mishar environment were usually accommodated.

BAIKULOV. Estates from the end of the 16th century near Ryazan. Baikulov Fyodor Timofeevich was mentioned in 1597 in Ryazan. Judging by the location of the estate, he came from the Kazan-Mishar environment. Nickname Bai Kul-Turkic "rich slave".

BAIMAKOV, At the end of the 15th century, an estate in Novgorod. In 1554, Bakhtiyar Baimakov was the ambassador of Ivan IV. Surname and name Turko-Persian: baymak "hero", bakhtiyar "happy".

BAITERYAKOV. Nobles since the 17th century. From Murza Baiteryak from Nogai, related to the Yusupovs. From the Kazan-Tatar nickname bai tiryak "family tree".

BAICINS. Tolmachi, Abdul are mentioned under 1564 in Moscow.

BAKAEV. In the nobility since 1593. From his own name Baky, Baki "eternal". Baskakov assumes the transformation "Bakaev - Bakiev - Makiyev - Makaev". It is quite possible that the Bulgarian origin of the name Baka is Bakaev, because under the year 1370 the Bulgarian prince Sultan Bakov's son is mentioned.

BAKAKINS. Nobles since the 16th century. From the palace clerk Ivan Mitrofanovich Bakak-Karacharov, who served in 1537-1549. Subsequently, residents of Kazan: Bakakin Yuri. Tatar nicknames: Bakaka - from the tank "look"; karachi "looking". See Karacharovs.

BAKESHOV. Bakesh - a village of serving Tatars, a clerk in 1581, cf. Turk. Bakish "clerk".

BAKIEV. See the Bakaevs.

BAKSHEEV. In the middle of the 15th century, Baksha Vasily was mentioned, in 1473 Baksha Stepan Lazarev. In the XVI - XVII centuries. nobles Baksheevs in the Ryazan region. Bakshey - "clerk". But maybe from baptism. Tatars, bakshe, bakchi "sentinel". Subsequently - teachers, an artist.

BAKLANOVS. Nobles since 1552. Nickname from Turk, cormorant "wild goose"; in the dialects of the Simbirsk, Nizhny Novgorod provinces - "big head", "block".

BAKLANOVSKIE. Opolonized form from Baklanov. .

BALAKIREV.Old noble family. The Balakirevs are mentioned at the end of the 14th century among the Turkic-speaking troops of Mansur - Kiyat, the son of Mamai, together with the Glinskys in Lithuania, then Prince. Iv.Iv.Balakir was noted in 1510 with land holdings in Kashira, Kolomna and Arzamas in the 16th - 17th centuries. . In 1579, Pronya Balakirev was in the service of Ivan IV). Subsequently, an old noble family, settled in the Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions. From this surname the famous composer M.A. Balakirev.

BALASHEV. Nobles from 1741 - 1751. Surname, according to N.A. Baskakov, from the Turkic-Tatar ball with an affectionate suffix.

BARANOVS. From Murza Zhdan, nicknamed Baran, who left the Crimea in the 1430s - 1460s to serve the Grand Duke. Vasily Vasilyevich Dark, surname from the nickname ram of Turkic - Tatar origin. It is quite possible that the Bulgar origin from the tribal name ram - baradzh. Subsequently - the military, scientists, diplomats.

BARANOVSKIE. Polonized form from Baranov. From Polish-Lithuanian Tatars. Colonel Mustafa Baranowski in 1774 was the last defender of Warsaw. Subsequently - scientists, economists, OS inventors, 1987, p. 1363)

BARANCHEEV. Of the baptized Kazanians: Vasily Barancheev in 1521, placed in Vereya; Peter and Ivan Semyonovichi Barancheevs in 1622 were placed in Uglich. In the "Velvet Book" among the Barancheevs, immigrants from the Crimea are also indicated.

BARASHINS. Nobles since the 16th century. From Ivan Ivanovich Barash and his sons Adash, Nedash and Ketleche, who left for Rus' in the 15th century. Nickname from Turko-Persian. barash "servant, cleaner". From the upper class. Ivan Alexandrovich Barbasha is mentioned from the end of the 15th century until 1535-36. The Suzdal Prince Vasily Ivanovich Baraboshin was in the oprichnina in 1565-1572. Surname from Turko-Bulg. words bar bashy "there is a head".

BARSUKOV. Nobles from the 16th - 17th centuries. From Jacob - Barsuk, the son of Aminev, who came to Rus' at the beginning of the 15th century and received a place near Kostroma. In the XVI - XVII centuries. The Barsukovs are located in Meshchera and Arzamas, judging by what they came from among the Mishars: Semyon Barsuk - the son of Ivan Klementievich Aminev; Ulyan Barsukov Aminev was a clergyman of 1564 Nikita Yakovlevich Aminev. Surname from the nickname borsuk, derived from the Turko-Bulg. leopard. The Barykovs in the 15th century went to the Grand Duke. Ivan Mikhailovich to Tver from Lithuania. Nickname from kipch. baryk "thin, thin" or from Barak - the name of the Polovtsian Khan Barak, which means "shaggy dog".

BASKAKOV.Nobles since 1598 with estates in the Smolensk, Kaluga and Tula provinces. There are several versions in origin: 1. From the Baskak Amragan, who was the governor of Vladimir around the middle of the XIII century (nicknamed - the title "Emir", possibly of Bulgarian origin; 2. From the Baskak Ibragim from the Tatars; 3. From various servicemen, descendants of the Baskaks on Rus' in the XV - XVI centuries, for example, the Baskaks Albych, Budar, Kudash, Tutai, etc. Later - the military, scientists, for example, N.A. Baskakov.

BASMANOV. Nobles since the 16th century. From Daniil Basman, first mentioned in 1514 and subsequently an active participant in the campaigns against Kazan. Surname from the Kazan-Tatar nickname basma "seal, sign".

BASTANOV. Nobles since 1564, lands near Novgorod, indicating an ancient exit. In 1499, Adash and Bustman Bastanovs were mentioned, in 1565 Yanaklych, Tetmesh, Tutman Bastanovs, including Tetmesh was a guardsman in 1571, and Tutman was a messenger to Lithuania in 1575. From the Turkic-Persian bastan, the "ancient" origin is also spoken by the names: Adash, Bustman, Tetmesh, Tutman, Yanaklych.

BATASHOVS. Nobles since 1622, lands near Kostroma, where people from Kazan usually settled. In kinship with the Adashovs, since Stepan Adash was recorded as the son of Fyodor Batash at the beginning of the 16th century. Nickname from the Turkic bot "camel". Subsequently - large breeders, officials.

BATURINS. From Murza Batur, who left the Horde at the beginning of the 15th century to Prince Fyodor Olgovich of Ryazan. In the baptism of Methodius, the descendants were boyars and the Romanovs. Related to the Leontievs, Petrovo-Solovovs. From the Turkic-Bulgarian batyr, batur "hero". Subsequently - scientists, warriors, enlighteners.

BAKHMETYEVS, Aslam Bakhmet, who left in the first half of the 15th century to serve the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich the Dark, together with the brothers Kasim and Yakub, is listed as related to the Meshchersky princes. Oslam, As-lam - from the Turkic-Bulgarian arslan "lion"; Bakhmet - from the Turkic-Muslim Muhammad or from the Turkic "Bai Ahmed". Most likely, people from the Bulgaro-Burtas environment. Subsequently - scientists, revolutionaries, there is also a friend of N.G. Chernyshevsky OS, 1987, p. 115).

BAKHTEYAROVS. From Prince Bakhteyar and his sons Divey, Enalei and Chelibey, who received estates in the district of Rostov Yaroslavsky in the 16th century. In baptism they became princes Priimkov. Other Bakhteyarovs are also known: Aslan Bakhteyar - ambassador to Poland at the beginning of the 16th century; Enalei Bakhteyarov - a writing head in the 17th century, one of the Siberian pioneers. Surname from the Turkic - Persian byahet ir "happy husband".

Bachmanov. Nobles from the 16th century with estates in the vicinity of Ryazan and Novgorod. Mikhail Bachmanov - Elder of the Trinity Monastery in 1490. The surname, perhaps, is from the nickname "Bachman", which was worn by one of the leaders of the anti-Mongol uprising in the Volga region in 1238-40.

BASHEV. From Bashev Stepan, who in 1603 was the headman of the bay. Surname from the Tatar word bash "head".

BASHKINS. According to N.I. Kostomarov: "judging by the surname, of Tatar origin" - see Bashevas.

BASHMAKOV. Nobles since 1662. From Daniel to you. Elyamin's shoe, mentioned under 1447 together with his sons, whose names were Abash, Tashlyk, Heel. All names are Turko-Tatar nicknames.

BAYUSHEVA. Nobles since 1613 with estates in the Alatyrsky district of the Simbirsk province. From Bayush Razgildeev. Bayush is derived from the Tatars, bay "get rich".

BEGICHEV. From the Kazan Murza Begich, taken into Russian captivity in 1445. Alfery Davidovich Begichev in 1587 received estates near Kashira, later the estates of Arap Begichev were noted near Kolomna, Ryazan, Arzamas. In the descendants - scientists, sailors.

BEGUNOVS. From Begunov Warrior Ivanovich from the Meshchera, mentioned under 1590. In the 17th century, they were moved to the construction of the Zakamskaya line.

BEKETOV. Nobles since 1621. The surname is from the Turks, nicknames Beket "teacher of the Khan's son". Later - scientists, the military.

BEKLEMISHEV. Princes-nobles from the 15th century. Descendants of the Tatar princes Shirinsky-Meshchersky. As early as 1472, Pyotr Fedorovich and Semyon Beklemishevs are mentioned as Moscow governors. In the second half of the XIV century, Fedor Elizarovich Beklemish-Bersen, and at the turn of the XV - XVI centuries. Bersen-Beklemishev Ivan Nikitich - repeated ambassador to Lithuania, Crimea and Poland. Sources characterize him as "a very proud person." His father Beklemishev Nikita was an ambassador to Kazan. The names of the "Beklemishev Strelnitsa" of the Moscow Kremlin, the village of Beklemishev in the Moscow and Pereyaslav counties testify to the prescription of the Beklemishevs' entry into Russian service. Surname from the Turkic beklemish "guarding, locking". In the descendants - famous writers, "" scientists, artists, etc.

BEKLESHEV. Recorded in the children of boyars and nobles since 1619. From Beklesh - the son of Muhammad Bulgarin, who spread Islam in Meshchera in the 13th century, and then converted to Orthodoxy. At the turn of the XV - XVI centuries. known Ivan Timofeevich Beklyashev-Zagryazhsky. Surname from the Turkic-Bulgarian beklyavshe "locking, head of the guard post". Subsequently - associates of Peter I, the military, sailors, senators, governors.

BEKORYUKOVS. Nobles since 1543. Surname from the Turkic nickname bukeryak "humpbacked".

BELEUTOV. Nobles from the 16th century, but in the 18th century the main clan died out and continued further in the Odintsov-Beleutovs. The basis of the clan is from Alexander Beleut, who transferred to the service of Dmitry Donskoy and was sent in 1384 as an ambassador to the Horde. Alexander Beleut - one of the first Moscow boyars - was considered the eighth tribe of the Ka-Sozh prince Rededi. Surname from Turkic. beleut, troublemaker "restless".

BELYAKOVS. From the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars who moved to Lithuania at the end of the 14th century and retained the Turkic ethnos until the end of the 18th century. Yusuf Belyak - general, one of the last defenders in 1794 of Warsaw.

BERDIBEKOV. From the Tatars of the northern regions of the Golden Horde who left at the end of the 16th century to Lithuania, together with the son of Mamai, Mansur-Kiyat. Surname from Turko-Bulgarsk. birdy bek "donated bek".

BERDYAEV.Nobles since 1598, lands near Smolensk and Pereyaslavl. Surname from Turkic. nicknames birdie "gifted". Subsequently - scientists, OS philosophers, 1987, p. 130).

BERKUTOVS. Nobles since the 17th century. From Murza Berkut, a Kadom Misharin who converted to Christianity at the end of the 16th century. Berkutovs - a common name of the XVI-XVII centuries. . Derived from the Tatar golden eagle "golden eagle; bird of prey".

BERSENEV. Nobles since the 16th century. Famous: Bersenev Ivan - a serviceman in Kazan in 1568, Bersenev Peter - clerk of the Foreign Order in 1686 - 1689. The founder of the family, Ivan Nikitich Bersen-Beklemishev, was a duma nobleman during the reign of Vasily III. The surname is from the Tatar word bersen "wild rose", but, perhaps, from ber sin, i.e. "you are alone". In connection with the Beklemishevs, they may come from the Bulgarized Burtas. Named after the Bersenevs, the villages of Bersenevka in the Moscow and Pereyaslavl districts, Bersenevskaya embankment in Moscow.

BIBIKOV. Nobles from the 16th century From the great-grandson of Zhidimi-ra, a Tatar who left the Blue Horde to the Grand Duke Mikhail Yarosyaevich. In 1314, the son of Zhidimi-r Dmitry was the father-in-law of Prince Fyodor Mikhailovich, and the great-grandson Fyodor Mi-kulich, nicknamed Bibik (Turk, bai bek "rich gentleman" - became the founder of the Bibikov family. They belonged to noble Tver families, from among which were David Bibik - ambassador to Pskov in 1464, estates in Arzamas, Ivan Bibikov - repeated ambassador to the Crimea in the 16th century Later - statesmen, military men, scientists.

BIZYAEV. Nobles since the 17th century. From Kirey Bizyaev, a gunner, a native of Kazan, an estate in Lebedyan near Kursk. Kirey and Bizyay are Turkic names.

BIMIRZINS. From Bi-mirza - the Russian ambassador in 1554-1556 in Nogai, including to Yusuf. Surname from Turkic. Bai-Murza "rich gentleman".

BIREVA. Arap, Istoma and Zamyatna Birevy - from the Tatars baptized in 1556, estates in the 16th - 17th centuries. near Kashira and Kolomna. Surname from the Tatars, bir "give!". Biruy - one of the governors of Batu under 1240.

BIRKINS. From Ivan Mikhailovich Birk, who left at the beginning. XV century in the service of Prince Fyodor Olgovich of Ryazan. In 1560, 1565, Pyotr Grigoryevich Birkin was known, who owned estates near Ryazan, and in the 16th - 17th centuries. a number of servicemen of the Birkins: Rodion Petrovich - ambassador in 1587 to Iveria; Vasily Vasilyevich - steward of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Surname from the Turkic-Mongolian berke, berke "strong, mighty". According to N.A. Baskakov, they are connected with the Bai-churins - Bachurins, who received the nobility in 1685 and transformed into the Bi-churins - Michurins with estates in the Tambov province. Surname from the Bulgaro - Tatar bai chura "rich hero".

BLOKINS. From Ivan Bloch from the Great Horde, who switched to Russian service at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1495, Ivan Ivanovich Bloch - Anichkov was noted in Novgorod. Subsequently - scientists, revolutionaries, athletes.

BOGDANOV. Nobles from the 16th century. Two lines of Turkic-Tatar origin: 1) From Touzak, the son of Bogdanov, recorded as a nobleman in 1580, and Ishim Bogdanov, who was a messenger to the Crimea in 1568 From Bogdan, the son of the Kadom Murza Yan Glych, the son of Bedish, half of the 16th century, who entered the Russian service. In the 60s of the 16th century, residents of Kazan were celebrated - the Bogdanovs Ivan Baba, Vasily, one of whom was a centurion of archers. Subsequently - prominent scientists, philosophers, artists.

BOGDANOVSKIE. From the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars. In the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. Mirza Bogdanov and his sons Nazykh and Nazim are known, elevated after the battle of Berestov in 1651 to the rank of gentry, and then brought to the Russian nobility.

BULGARIAN. The nobles since 1786 assumes their exit from Danube Bulgaria, which is contradicted by the presence of a crescent moon in the family coat of arms - a typical Muslim sign; therefore, these are, rather, immigrants from the Volga Bulgaria. In this regard, the name "Bulgarian parish" near Kostroma is interesting.

BOLTS. From Mikhail Bolt - the son of Murza Kutlu-Bug from the B. Orda, who transferred to the Russian service in the XIV century. In 1496 they were already nobles. Andrei Boltin, nicknamed Alai, was killed near Kazan in 1548, Akhmat Fedorov Boltin was mentioned in 1556, and Ondrey Ivanov Boltin was noted in 1568 as a serviceman in Kazan. At the end of the 15th century, Bolta is listed as a relative of the Taneyevs (see). From the XVI - XVII centuries. The Boltins had estates in the Nizhny Novgorod Territory, including the famous Pushkin Boldino. In the offspring, the conquerors of Siberia, scientists, relatives of the Pushkins are known.

BORISOVS. Nobles since 1612, immigrants from the gentry of Poland and Lithuania, where, obviously, they came from the Muslim - Turkic world, as evidenced by the presence of two crescents in the coat of arms. They knew the Kazan-Tatar language well, as, for example, Borisov Nikita Vasilievich, who in 1568 was a roundabout in Kazan and served as a copyist of the Kazan market in the Tatar language.

BORKOVSKIE. Nobles since 1674, immigrants from Poland, where, obviously, they came from the Turkic world, as evidenced by their surname, which comes from Turkic. burek "hat", as N.A. Baskakov believes.

BOROVITIKOV. Nobles from the 16th - 17th centuries. with estates near Novgorod, from Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Borovitik, who left Meshchera at the end of the 15th century.

BUZOVLEV. From Ches-tigay Buzovl from the Tatars. In the middle of the 15th century, the "outskirts" of the Buzovlevs were already mentioned. Since 1649, the nobles. Surname from the Tatar-Mishar nickname buzavly "having a calf".

BUKRYABOV. From the Lithuanian messenger to Moscow in 1658 Ulan Bukryab. Surname from Turkic. bucre "humped".

BULATOV. Already in the XVI - XVII centuries. had lands near Kashira and Ryazan in places of usual concentration of lands of people from the environment of Kazan; date of entry into the nobility - 1741. Surname from the Turkic bulat - steel. In the XVIII - XIX centuries. general - governor of Siberia, Decembrists, scientists, military. Natives with the son of Mamai Mansur-Kiyat to Lithuania at the end of the XIV century. In 1408, some of them, in the retinue of Svidrigaila, went to the Russian service, where they received land near Novgorod and Moscow. In the 15th century they were known as boyars, and in 1481 a vicegerent in Novgorod was noted.

BULGAKOV The surname of the first, like the rest, is from the Turko-Tatar Bulgak "proud man". From Ivan Ivanovich Shai - Bulgak, a kind of khan who entered the service at the beginning of the 15th century to Olga Ryazansky with his sons Golitsa. In the XV - XVI centuries. already had a boyar rank and villages, including those near Moscow. In 1566 - 1568, the boyars Peter and Grigory Andreevich Bulgakov were governors in Kazan and had local "" villages in the vicinity of Kazan, including Kulmametovo and others. From Matvey Bulgakov, who left the Horde at the beginning of the 15th century to the Ryazan prince Fyodor Vasilyevich and who, together with his brother Denisy, was in his service. Famous writers, scientists, warriors, philosophers, metropolitans came from the Bulgakovs, who thus had a different, but Turkic origin.

BULGARINS.Nobles since 1596, estates in the vicinity of Kostroma, where people from the Kazan environment usually settled. Here, in the Novotorzhok district, there was the Bolgar Bay or volost. Under the same surname (for example, Thaddeus Bulgarin - a writer of the first half of the 19th century) there were also immigrants from the environment of the Polish Tatars.

BUNINS. From Bunin Prokuda Mikhailovich, whose grandfather, who left the Horde to the Ryazan princes, received land in the Ryazhsky district. According to other sources, under 1445, a Ryazan Bunko is mentioned in the service of Grand Duke Vasily. Among the Bunins there are well-known scientists, statesmen, writers, including the Nobel Prize winner I.A. Bunin.

BURNASHEV. Nobles since 1668. Burnash - from the Tatar word burnash "badass, bachelor", a common Turkic name that has been preserved among the Russified Tatars - see Burnash Giray, Crimean Khan in 1512, Burnash Obezyaninov - mentioned under 1561 in Kolomna, Burnash Yelychev - Cossack ataman in 1567 year, Burnash Gagarin. Subsequently, well-known scientists, agronomists, writers, etc.

BUSURMANOVS. Nobles since the end of the 16th century. Known: under 1587, the peasant Fyodor Busurman from Arzamas; under 1619, Prince Ivan Yuryevich Busurman-Meshchersky. Surname from the word Basurman, Busurman, that is, a Muslim; people from among the ancestors of the Mishars.

BUTURLINS. Nobles and counts from the ancient family of the legendary Radsha "from the Germans", who went to Alexander Nevsky in the 13th century, dispute this legendary statement and believe that it was Musa's exit from the Horde in the first quarter of the 15th century from the mysterious family of Radsha, whose great-grandson Ivan Buturlya laid the foundations the well-known boyar family of the Buturlins with estates mainly in the Nizhny Novgorod region. N.A. Baskakov believes that the Buturlins left the Horde to Ivan Kalita in 1337, and their surname is derived from the Turkic buturl "restless person". Subsequently - the military, governors, related to the Musins ​​- Pushkins.

BUKHARINS. Nobles since 1564. From Timofey Grigoryevich Bukhara - Naumov, mentioned at the end of the 15th century and his descendants of the clerk Ishuk Bukharin and Evtikhiy Ivanov, the son of Bukharin. N.A. Baskakov does not doubt the Turkic origin of the clan. Subsequently - scientists, statesmen and politicians.

Round table "BUSINESS Online": Tatar Murzas and their role in the formation of national identity

Today, the issue of the formation of new elites in society is acute: what is the new Tatar elite, does it exist? And how should it respond to the issues of our time, to the challenges that the Tatar nation faces, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language? Representatives of the ancient Tatar families, the Murzas from Kazan and Ufa, were looking for answers to these and other questions in the editorial office of BUSINESS Online.

Round table participants:

Bulat Yaushev- leader of the meeting of the Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Alexei von Essen- leader of the nobility assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Rashid Gallam– Candidate of Historical Sciences, former researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan;

Gali Enikeev— independent historian, lawyer (Ufa);

Nail Chanyshev- member of the Tatar noble assembly of the Republic of Belarus, reserve officer (Ufa);

Farhad Gumarov— Candidate of Historical Sciences, head of the discussion club "Greater Eurasia";

Gadel Safin- Head of an IT company.

Moderators:

Farit Urazaev— candidate of historical sciences, member of the meeting of the Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Ruslan Aisin— political scientist.

“THIS WAS THE AGE WHEN THE CONCEPT OF THE ELITE WAS TURNED ON THE HEAD”

Who can be considered the elite of Tatar society today? Representatives of the Tatar nobility - murzas - were looking for an answer to this question at the round table "Tatar murzas and their historical role in the development of national identity", such was the topic of the meeting in the editorial office of BUSINESS Online. “Today, the issue of the formation of new elites in our society is acute. We lived in a large Russian state for 100 years after the revolution, and it was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down: everything in society was mixed up, confused. And this had a detrimental effect on the state of the whole society, its socio-economic and political development, ”the leader of the assembly of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan began the work of the round table. Bulat Yaushev.

Bulat Yaushev: “We lived in the big Russian state for 100 years after the revolution, and it was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down”

At the same time, the representative of the oldest Tatar family added that there is a natural history, an understanding of what the elites of society are and how they should be properly formed. “There are many examples of this concept from various countries and peoples, there are even mathematical theories that describe the process of forming elites. These historical patterns cannot be broken, they inevitably make themselves felt. Today, we would like these correct science-based processes to re-emerge and lead our society to return to a healthy, natural development,” he said.

Rashid Galliam: "The theme of murz is the most important layer in the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole"

Candidate of Historical Sciences Rashid Gallam gave a brief description of the concept of "Murza". “The theme of Murz is the most important layer of the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole. The term "murza" means "son of the emir" - a member of the ruling dynasty. Among the Tatars, it was used in several versions, depending on the dialect - morza, mirza and myrza, ”the scientist noted. This term, according to Galliam, was introduced into the Golden Horde from Persia. “Murza is a major feudal lord, landowner, head of a clan, horde,” he clarified and gave the names of well-known murzas: this is the leader ideas, Yusuf(from Yusuf Murza went the famous Russian noble family of the Yusupovs - approx. ed.) and his sibling Ismagil- the queen's father Syuyumbike. “Later this status was leveled. In 1713, under Peter I, during the Christianization of the Tatars, the Murzas were ordered to be baptized, if they refused, then their lands were taken away from them and transferred to Russian feudal lords. At this time, many murzas were transferred to the taxable estate, although some of the murzas retained both the title and some privileges. They were included in the nobility already in the time of Catherine II. Since then, some of the former murzas entered the nobility, and some were engaged in trade. Famous mullahs, philanthropists, industrialists and so on came out of the murzas. The next stage comes in the Soviet and modern era, when the title “Murza” has a purely nominal meaning, a certain code of prestige, but does not carry a real social burden, ”the historian recalled. At the same time, the participants of the round table noted that "half of the noble families of Russia had Tatar surnames."

“Adapting to the persecution, many murzas became clergymen, imams, muftis, since they could not be baptized,” the moderator of the round table emphasized Farit Urazaev. “Both in the Russian Empire and in Soviet times, people from these clans reached very serious heights, although the Soviet system severely persecuted them and repressed them. But very many births in Soviet times took place and retained this code. For example, more than 200 candidates and doctors of sciences came from the Chanyshev family. Phenomenal occurrence! There is also the village of Tatarskie Kargaly in Bashkortostan, 250 outstanding personalities came out of it: composers, writers, artists, scientists, military men. This phenomenon has not yet been studied,” added Urazaev and gave the floor to the representative of the Chanyshev family Nail Chanyshev from Ufa.

The former military man spoke about the history of his family, from which, as Urazaev already noted, more than 200 scientists came out, as well as about their contribution to the development of Tatar society. In particular, Shaikhilislam Chanyshev took an active part in the social life of the Tatars of Moscow, with his direct participation, the Asadullaev House was returned to the Tatar community, now the Tatar Cultural Center of Moscow is located there. A lieutenant colonel Shagiakhmet Rakhmetullin son Chanyshev awarded the medal "For the Capture of Paris" in the wars of 1812-1815. “The Chanyshevs, like many others, unlike the kind of the richest family of the Russian Empire, the Yusupovs, refused to be baptized, as a result of which they lost their estates, carried state duties, were subject to a poll salary and lost their former status and title, after which they moved to the Ufa province” - said Chanyshev.

Gali Enikeev: “History is a part of ideology, it forms a worldview”

"THE ROMAN-GERMAN YOKE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN RUSSIA"

Due to the fact that most of the ancient archives of Muslims were preserved in Ufa, in 1993 Garden by Murza Enikeev For the first time, the Tatar noble assembly of the Republic of Belarus was created. Since 1997, the regular newspaper “Noble Bulletin” (“Morzalar Khabarchese”) has been published. . Later, in Kazan in 2006, the "Assembly of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan" ("Mejlis of Tatar Murzas") was registered. .

“The organization began its work by studying the history of ancient families and clans. Murzas have always been the most educated class and bearers of traditions and advanced knowledge. It left its mark on many generations. The example of the Chanyshev clan is vivid, but not the only one; we observe similar manifestations in many genera. Studying the history of our families, our clans, we delve into the study of the history of the entire Tatar people - we find various documents in the archives. I would like the view of the modern generation to be directed deeper into its history. This is sorely lacking in modern life. Knowledge of the history of one's people and one's ancestors forms national self-consciousness and self-identification of a person. National self-consciousness, in turn, creates motivation to preserve the native language and culture. This direction in our activity is the most important, and we are trying to connect the younger generation to the knowledge of the real history of the Tatars, ”said the leader of the meeting of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan Bulat Yaushev.

Gali Enikeev, another representative of an ancient Tatar family, a lawyer by profession, has written five books about the history of the Tatars (“The Crown of the Horde Empire”, “Genghis Khan and the Tatars: Myths and Reality”, “The Heritage of the Tatars” and others), the sixth is being prepared. “I read the history of the USSR, translated from Russian into Tatar, completely in the 4th grade. History is part of an ideology, it forms a worldview,” he explained his interest. I still had a lot of questions about this story.

Murza and scientists noted the importance of studying the objective history of the Tatar people. Thus, the head of the discussion club "Greater Eurasia" in the Republic of Tatarstan, candidate of historical sciences Farhad Gumarov told how the Tatar Murzas and Eurasianism are connected as a certain concept. “The Golden Horde civilization played an important role in the fate of many peoples on the territory of Eurasia. However, its role was subsequently distorted. From the time of Peter I, important posts in the state gradually began to be occupied by foreigners from Western Europe or their supporters. Both Klyuchevsky and Lomonosov spoke about this. According to Trubetskoy, one of the founders of the theory of Eurasianism, a Romano-Germanic yoke was established in Russia. And so, over time, they began to undeservedly describe the Golden Horde heritage of Muscovy as times of savagery and robbery, given that more than half of the noble families were associated with Tatar Murzas. And it was the Eurasians who first began to wonder whether the history of Russia, written by Europeans, is true. And on the basis of the scientific base, they came to the conclusion that the Turkic-Tatars acted in the Eurasian expanses as the leading state-forming nation and the custodian of Eurasian traditions,” he noted.

At the same time, all participants of the round table agreed that representatives of some well-known Tatar families need to move away from the scale of microhistory, when the Murzas study only the history of their surnames and go beyond these limits. “The history of murzas has not been generalized, there are separate articles by individual scientists, there are books devoted to individual genera, but there is no generalizing work, there is still no fundamental book,” Galliam expressed his concern. At the same time, Urazaev added that the process of mobilizing Tatar murzas and scientists is now underway in order to hold an international scientific and practical conference on the history of Tatar murzas and nobles.

"IF SOMEONE SOLVES THIS PROBLEM, HE WILL BE A REAL MURZA, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATIONAL ELITE"

The participants of the round table did not bypass the topic of studying the Tatar language in schools, which is burning for everyone today. “What is the elite now? And how the new Tatar elite should respond to the challenges facing the Tatar nation, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language. What is the new Tatar elite, does it exist? If not, what should it be like and how should it respond to contemporary issues?” asked another moderator of the round table, a political scientist Ruslan Aisin. “The topic “Tatar Murzas and their historical role in the formation of national identity”, in my opinion, is a very important defining topic, because what is a “nation”? A nation is first of all a self-determination of oneself. It must be understood that the mass of the people, the mass of the people, is not a collective mind. A nation is made by a few - just representatives of the elite. It so happened historically that the rulers of Egypt, the Mamluks ( Turkic Kipchaks — approx. ed.). Therefore, we must say that we even cross these borders, because, being a nomadic civilization, we have no horizon, we overcome the horizon. It is very important that it was the Murzas who acted as the elite and the factor that built this pyramid of nation-building. Today, now, unfortunately, this topic is leaving, because we do not know our roots, our history,” he said.

“For me, this was a painful topic all my life, because if a people does not have a language, it loses its face as a people. Why does this question affect everyone, because until the age of 17 I talked with my grandmother, and then I did not have the opportunity to practice and continue to learn the Tatar language. I believe that all efforts should be devoted to improving material well-being or solving some technical problem, but do not forget about the search for new methods, forms, and they are, in order to raise the Tatar language to the level so that a person can think and speak in their native language language. A person who knows two languages ​​- Russian and Tatar - to perfection, will open for himself in the future great opportunities in the formation of a Eurasian worldview. If someone solves this problem, he will be a real Murza. And if you make the language secondary, then this is quiet assimilation, the same as Christianization, - Chanyshev supported the language theme and cited the Yusupov family as an example. “If you love money, take Christianity.”

“Language is not just a linguistic construct, it is a way of thinking. Speakers of different languages ​​formulate and build their thoughts in different ways. This side of the language is the defining cultural portrait of the nation. The language must be preserved, because it is the property of our culture, because it is the method and style of our national thinking. If we lose it, we lose our uniqueness. What is connected with today's language situation: external forces are systematically trying to make us an object of manipulation, and we all feel the pressure of this manipulation since childhood. In this case, the distorted perception of history from school textbooks is of decisive importance. An example is the history of the Golden Horde, the history of the so-called Tatar-Mongol yoke. This is, to put it mildly, not true. "Black legend", as Lev Gumilyov said. And this untruth, embedded in the minds of the majority of the population from the school bench, is the basis of inter-confessional and inter-ethnic conflict. We want to get away from it, but we can’t, the consciousness holds us, because it has been formed since childhood. And now one of the most important tasks for all of us and the thinking part of our society is to start studying real history. Return to historical facts, books written by serious independent researchers. If we come to this, we will understand that there is no confrontation between the nations inhabiting the Russian Federation, we have all been living here for centuries, we must be friends and cooperate, as we have cooperated since ancient times. And there shouldn't be any problems. Russians should respect the fact that the Tatars and other peoples know their language and history, and the Tatars should watch with satisfaction how the Russian nation develops, prospers and improves. After all, we live in a country that our ancestors jointly built, ”added the leader of the assembly of Tatar murzas RT Yaushev.

And the moderator of the round table Urazaev, in order to draw closer attention of the participants of the round table, stopped at the sad statistics. Since the 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet empire, the Russian people have basically experienced a deep depression: in one day, 25 million Russians were left outside their homeland and do not want to return; demographic indicators for the last 25 years record population decline; every year hundreds of villages disappear from the map of the country, land is devastated, especially in central Russia and the Far East; in recent years, about 20 million people living below the poverty line have appeared in Russia; an increase in the retirement age and the outflow of young people with higher education from Russia (about 30%) to different countries can dramatically worsen the socio-economic situation of the population.

At the same time, in the Baltic countries, in Ukraine and in the countries of Central Asia, the Russian language as a means of interethnic communication is removed from the school curriculum. This is a stress factor for the Russian population. However, in the Russian Federation itself, in places densely populated by Tatars, Tatar schools have been systematically closed for the last quarter of a century. The ethno-cultural component remains - two or three hours of the Tatar language or literature per week, and in many areas this is not even there. These problems, after the abolition of the agreement between the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, came to our republic. “When the first Tatar gymnasiums opened, and this was the desire of the parents, I sent my children to Tatar kindergartens and schools. I didn't have any problems. When I already sent my Tatar-speaking grandson to a kindergarten, within six months he lost his native speech. That is, in Tatarstan, the education of my children and grandson in their native language at the present stage is not guaranteed by the state. Unfortunately, the assimilation of the nation does not begin from the school bench, but directly from the kindergarten. We need not only to study history, but we will also have to rebuild the system of national education. These problems specifically concern me, as a grandfather, as a parent. We have one fatherland, we have lived here and will continue to live. I am the same taxpayer, but some people are provided with conditions for learning their native language, while others are not. At one time we wanted to be the "Soviet people", but for certain reasons it was gone. Now they say: “We are the Russian people.” But before becoming the Russian people, I, as a citizen of this country, as a representative of the Tatar nation, must know whether the state guarantees my inviolable rights to preserve the Tatar language and culture on a legislative basis. Violation of constitutional rights, unfortunately, does not contribute to the formation of civil society,” concluded Urazaev.

"NOW WE HAVE THE ELITE OF MONEY, THE ELITE OF CLANS"

At the same time, Aisin noted that the role of Murza is very important here. “Even before the revolution, it was not easy for the Tatars: they violated their freedom of religion. What did the murzas do? After all, these are people of a serious great consciousness, because they were responsible for the fate of the nation, and thanks to them we now have our religion of Islam, which they brought to us, and the language, and history, and the cultural matrix. Now their role is greater than ever. Who, if not them? When we talk about the people, we must understand that this concept is rather abstract, amorphous. Certain people make it a nation: specific historians who write books, specific murzas: the Chanyshevs, the Yaushevs, and so on. They personify this people and lead it. If they do not exist, then the people will simply crumble, which is what we are getting now. Do we have a true elite or not? If there is no elite, then everything is falling apart. All we've been getting in recent years is an elite identity crisis. Apparently, there is no stratum that could, like the Murzas in their time for 500 years, preserve this whole rich tradition. And now, unfortunately, we can lose all this very quickly,” Aisin said.

“All the descendants of the nobility in Soviet times fell under the heavy influence of the state. Nobles at that time were not allowed to enter higher educational institutions,” added another participant of the round table, the leader of the nobility assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan Alexei von Essen. At the same time, von Essen is sure that in order to grow a new elite, it is not enough to teach a person good manners. “The tradition, which is passed down through the family, makes a person be cultured. To become a cultured person, it is not enough to learn how to properly hold a spoon with a fork and smile. A family in two or three generations should live in prosperity and order, which is not the case now. What do you understand by the Soviet and post-Soviet elite? The elite that - murz, nobles - was a community of people who treated with respect the representatives of other classes. Now we have an elite of money, an elite of clans. Every rich man considers himself an elite and creates groups around him. We're going into the 1990s. Is it the elite? We must decide on this issue,” he stressed.

“The question arose of what is the main value base of our society, not only Tatar, but wider,” Aisin agreed with him. - During the days of the World Cup, we saw that a certain value substitution was taking place: everyone was shouting “hurrah, hurrah”. When a nation or a people that inhabits these spaces does not have systemic values, they are replaced by some kind of ideological simulacra. “Such jingoistic patriotism,” the Murzas agreed with him.

“The elite are people who have introduced some kind of ideological superstructure. What should be the main value orientation of the Tatars, their traditional historical elite - the Murz? Aisin asked. And he himself, at the request of the participants of the round table, answered it. “What is the Tatar elite? What should it be made up of? From what things should it be formed? Unfortunately, a certain thread has been lost, the connection with the historical past, where there were great ancestors, part of this great is unknown, part of it was reported to us. But, unfortunately, our current rulers are happy to squander this whole business, profiting simply economically. What should the elite consist of now? First of all, these are people who are ready to sacrifice for the benefit of society, ready to invest their intellectual and existential resources in the development of the nation. These are the people who are willing to give rather than take. Plus, these are people with an excess of a certain internal passionate energy. These are people with a special seal, who are chosen to lead the people forward. There can't be many such people, but you can't get anywhere without this elite. I think that those present here are also representatives of the Tatar elite, because, firstly, they raise the question “why did this happen?”, and secondly, “what to do?”. If people ask such a question, they are already on the first step. The second step is actually action. “That is, you recognize them by their deeds,” Urazaev noted.

Head of an IT company Gadel Safin noted that it is not so easy to unite young people under one idea: “The situation among young people is deplorable, because there is social discord, differentiation: by nationality, by ethnicity and, most importantly, by religion. There are whole channels that incite this dissension, there are channels that, on the contrary, consolidate. I have nothing to do with the Murzas, so it’s hard for me to say something on this topic.” “Every time he puts forward his own murzas, intellectuals - this is the request of the time. Yes, there are hereditary murzas who contribute, and there are intellectuals, they are also murzas who have tremendous potential and contribute their knowledge to the development of society. In this respect, you are a young Murza, the future of the Tatar nation; people of intellectual labor who contribute and will continue to contribute,” Urazaev objected to him. “Being a Murza is a great responsibility for oneself, for one’s family, for one’s clan, for one’s nation, for the fatherland where we live,” he summed up.

The origin of surnames.

History contemporary Tatar surnames pretty young. For most of the hereditary names, it is possible to calculate the first bearer of the surname, because the majority of the Tatars had surnames only at the beginning of the 20th century. Until that time, surnames were the privilege of the Tatar princely families, which are quite numerous in the Russian Empire. The Tatar people are a large ethnic group with a rich culture. However, the advantages of the Russian language as the state language could not but affect the formation of Tarar surnames. When viewing alphabetical list of Tatar surnames their Russian endings -ov, -ev, -in are immediately striking. The feminine gender of these surnames is distinguished by the vowel -a at the end. It is natural that declension of Tatar surnames similar to the declension of Russian surnames, that is, they change in cases in both masculine and feminine.

The meaning of surnames.

Meaning majority Tatar surnames associated with the name of the father of the first owner of this surname. For example, Saitov, Bashirov, Yuldashev, Safin, Yunusov. Initially, these surnames pointed directly to the father, but they began to be inherited and now you can find out the name of your ancestor from them.

Interpretation fewer Tatar surnames goes back to professions - Usmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant). Dictionary of Tatar surnames includes some famous surnames that have long been considered Russian. They, as a rule, appeared much earlier than the usual Tatar surnames, in the XIV-XV centuries. The first owners of such surnames were either of Turkic origin, or Russians, who received Turkic nicknames, which later became surnames. The nickname usually indicated a distinctive property of this person. Such surnames were most often adjectives. So, the well-known surname Turgenev, obviously, comes from the adjective "fast", "quick-tempered", and Aksakov - from "lame". The descendants of the princes Golenishchev-Kutuzov looked for their roots in the German language, but experts are sure that the surname Kutuzov goes back to the Turkic concept of "mad", "mad dog". The Tatar “trace” is also visible in the surname Bulgakov, which, most likely, was given to a restless, fidgety, windy person.

If in official domains and generally accepted practice Tatar surnames sound and are written according to the Russian model, then in literature or at the household level there are surnames without Russian endings. That is, the name in its pure form is used as a surname - Tukay (Tukaev), Sait (Saitov), ​​Sayfutdin (Saifuytdinov).

Top Tatar surnames makes it possible to evaluate them by the greatest prevalence and popularity.

List of popular Tatar surnames:

Abashev
Abdulov
Agishev
Aipov
Aidarov
Aitemirov
Akishev
Aksanov
Alaberdiev
Alabin
Alabyshev
Aliyev
Alachev
Alparov
Alimov
Ardashev
Asmanov
Akhmetov
Bagrimov
Bazhanin
Baslanov
Baikulov
Baimakov
Bakaev
Barbashi
Basmanov
Baturin
Gireev
gotovtsev
Dunilov
Edygeev
Yelgozin
Yelychev
Zhemaylov
Zakeyev
Zenbulatov
Isupov
Kazarinov
Keriev
Kaisarov
Kamaev
Kanchev
Karagadymov
Karamyshev
Karataev
Karaulov
Karachaev
Kashaev
Keldermanov
Kichibeev
Kotlubeev
Kochubey
Kugushev
Kulaev
Isupov
Kazarinov
Keriev
Kaisarov
Kamaev
Kanchev
Karagadymov
Karamyshev
Karataev
Karaulov
Karachaev
Kashaev
Keldermanov
Kichibeev
Kotlubeev
Kochubey
Kugushev
Kulaev
Mamatov
Mamyshev
Mansurov
Mosolov
Muratov
Nagiyev
Okulov
Poletaev
Rataev
Rakhmanov
Saburov
Sadykov
Saltanov
Sarbaev
Seitov
Serkizov
Soimonov
Sunbulov
Tagaev
Tairov
Taishev
Tarbeev
Tarkhanov
Tatar
Temirov
Timiryaziev
Tokmanov
Tulubeev
Uvarov
Ulanov
Useinov
Ushakov
Fustov
Khanykov
Hotlintsev
Tsurikov
Chaadaev
Chalymov
Chebotarev
Chubarov
Shalimov
Sharapov
Shimaev
Sheydyakov
Yakushin
Yakubov
Yamatov
Yanbulatov

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If we consider the ethnic component of the population of Russia, it is striking that the Tatars are a very important part of it. Among the peoples living on the territory of the country, they are one of the first in terms of numbers. The ethnos has preserved its language, original cultural traditions and uniqueness. Tatar surnames can also be fully attributed here.

Historical overview

The origin of surnames originates in ancient times. Usually, before all they appeared at the representatives of the nobility. It was only at the end of the 19th century that various segments of the population everywhere began to acquire them. Until that happens - played a decisive role genus belonging. From childhood, representatives of the ethnic group remembered the names of their paternal relatives up to the seventh generation.

The bulk is a modified name of the ancestor, the ancestor (Aidarov, Akhmetov, Bagichev, Ilibeev, Rakhmanov, Sageev, Safin, etc.). Under the Soviets, sons and older grandchildren began to acquire surnames. Later it remained unchanged for the rest of the descendants.

The three-term form includes, in addition to the surname, the name and patronymic, which came from the father's with the addition of "kyzy" or "uly" - daughter and son.

The formation of names was in close connection with carrier's occupation. For example, Arakcheev (arakychy - moonshiner), Asmanov (usman - chiropractor), Koncheev (kunche - tanner), Barashin (barash - cleaner), Karachev (karachi - manager); Yelchin (elchy - messenger), Tolmachev (interpreter - translator), Maksheev (makshi - official), Mukhanov (mukhkhan - worker); Sageev (saga - butler), Sadyrev (sadyr - singer), Ulanov (lancer - rider), Tsurikov (chari - soldier), etc.

Nicknames could also serve as the basis: Zhemaylov (juma - born on Friday), Ievlev (iyevle - stooped), Isakharov (izagor - angry), Karandeev (karyndy - fat-bellied), Kurbatov (karabat - squat), Kurdyumov (kurdzhun - knapsack), Lachinov (lachyn - gyrfalcon ), Mamonov (momun - shy). As well as the names of the area, animals, celestial bodies, insects, household items. The roots of the names are Muslim, Arabic, ancient Turkic and Turkic-Persian.

Language relationship

Use of Russian as the state language had a significant impact to national names. Hence, the vast majority of them have the ending -in, -ov, -ev, in the manner of Russians. A brief overview of the list of Tatar surnames in alphabetical order (the most common):

• Aipov.
• Alalykin.
• Balashev.
• Bukhtiyarov.
• Valeev.
• Velyashev.
• Gireev.ts
• Guyerov.
• Devlegarov.
• Dunilov.
• Yelgozin.
• Eneleev.
• Zakeyev.
• Zyuzin.
• Izdemir.
• Karagadymov.
• Lachin.
• Onuchin.
• Semi-projects.
• Razgildeev.
• Sakaev.
• Tagaldyzin.
• Urusov.
• Khankildeev.
• Chagin.
• Shalimov.
• Yushkov.
• Yakubov.

In Russian, national names have two spelling forms. The first involves cutting off the ending (Bekaev - Bekai, Tageev - Tagay, Taleev - Talay). It is not official, but is often used in national works of art and art. And the second obliges the use of family endings (documents, etc.).

The declension of male and female Tatar surnames follows the same rules as in Russian.

The sound of beautiful Tatar surnames is special. The inescapable national flavor is clearly audible:

Very similar to the Tatar surnames and Bashkir. This is not surprising. Bashkirs and Tatars are related peoples of the Turkic group.

Geographic neighbors with common roots, religion, almost the same languages ​​and culture. The alphabetical list of Bashkir surnames is not much different from the Tatar one.

Gabdulla Tukay
(1886-1913)

Musa Җәlil
(1906-1944)

Tatarlarnyn surname (Tatar surnames)
All Tatar surnames are derived from the names of a male ancestor.

• Initially, the surname was the name of the father.
  • In the older generation, this rule is still traced in his full name, patronymic and surname.
• Under Soviet rule, this rule gradually disappeared - the grandson began to bear the surname of his father, which comes from the name of his grandfather.
  • In the future, this surname did not change and spread to all descendants.
• As a rule, Tatar surnames have two spellings:
  • with Russian ending -ev», « -ov», « -in' and so on, for example, Tukaev, "Saidashev"
  • without ending, for example, "Tukai", "SAIDASH (Saidash)"
    • The option without an ending is often used in Tatar literature, sometimes when communicating among native speakers, often as a pseudonym:
    • When talking with Russian speakers, as well as in official documents of Russia and the USSR, for example, in a passport and Russian literature, a variant with an ending and Russian transcription of specific letters of the Tatar language is usually used.
      • The exception is the surnames of the Tatar murzas, service Tatars and individual Mishar clans, which have appeared since the 16th century. They often differ from ordinary Tatar surnames, as they are formed from names that are now not found among the Tatars (Akchurin, Enikeev, Diveev, etc.), and can also be formed from Russian roots (for example, the Kleimenovs received such a surname for participating in the Pugachev uprising ).
• Crimean Tatars have two spellings of surnames:
  • with a Russian ending: practically with the ending " -ov", but there are surnames with the ending" -in», « -and I», « -th". Most of the surnames of the Crimean Tatars appeared during the Great Patriotic War.
  • educated from professions, for example, we can distinguish:
    • « Urmancheev» - « forester»
    • « Arakcheev» - « headdress”, from the Turkic word “arakchin”

Origin of Tatar surnames

Studying the ethnic composition of the population of Russia, you can see that a significant part of the inhabitants of our country is occupied by Tatars. And this is not accidental, the history of the Russian state developed in such a way that at the moment representatives of many nations and nationalities live on its territory. And one of the most numerous ethnic groups are the Tatar peoples. And, despite the fact that for decades and centuries there has been a mixture of nations and nationalities, the Tatars were able to preserve their national language, their culture and traditions. Tatar surnames refer precisely to such national characteristics and traditions.
The origin of Tatar surnames goes back to the mists of time, when, like other peoples, the richest and most noble representatives of the Tatar family were the first to acquire surnames. And only by the 20th century did the rest of the people of Tatar origin receive surnames. Until that moment, that is, while there were no surnames yet, the family relations of the Tatars were determined by their tribal affiliation. From an early age, every representative of the Tatar people memorized the names of their paternal ancestors. At the same time, the generally accepted norm was to know your family up to seven tribes.

Features of Tatar surnames

There is a significant difference between the well-known Tatar surnames, given names and the full formula for the formation of Tatar names. It turns out that the full formula of the Tatar naming consists of the name itself, patronymic and surname. At the same time, patronymics among the ancient Tatars were formed from the naming of the father, to which was added "uly" (son) or "kyzy" (daughter). Over time, these traditions in the formation of Tatar patronymics and surnames were mixed with Russian traditions of word formation. As a result, at the moment it can be considered that the vast majority of Tatar surnames were formed as derivatives of the names of male ancestors. At the same time, to form a surname, Russian endings were added to the male name: “-ov”, “-ev”, “-in”. These are, for example, the following Tatar surnames: Bashirov, Busaev, Yunusov, Yuldashev, Sharkhimullin, Abaydullin, Turgenev, Safin. This list of Tatar surnames can be quite large, since it was male names that were the main source for the formation of Tatar surnames. If we talk about the meaning that these surnames have, then it is obvious that it will repeat the meaning of the naming, from which a specific surname is formed.
According to statistics, the number of Tatar surnames with the endings "-ev", "-ov" exceeds the Tatar surnames with the ending "-in" by about three times.

Other Tatar surnames

Also, the origin of some Tatar surnames was associated with professions. This type of surname exists in almost all nations, and Tatar surnames in this sense are no exception. Examples of surnames whose origin is associated with professions can be the following surnames: Urmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant) and others.