Federal districts were established. Federal districts of Russia

Population of federal districts of Russia 2017 A table of the population of the federal districts of Russia as of January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2016 according to Rosstat data is presented. dated July 31, 2017 on the population of the Russian Federation by municipalities.
The Central Federal District is the largest federal district in Russia. The population of the Central Federal District for 2017 is 39,209,582 people. Next is the Volga Federal District with a population of 29,636,574 people. The population of the Siberian Federal District is 19,326,196 people.
List of federal districts of Russia ordered in descending order of population.

Population by federal districts as of 01/01/2017 and 01/01/2016 with data on total, natural and migration growth.

In total, there are 8 federal districts in Russia: Central, Volga, Siberian, Southern, Northwestern, Urals, North Caucasian and Far Eastern. From 2014 to 2016, the Crimean Federal District existed, then it was included in the Southern Federal District.

In federal districts, the largest population growth in 2016 (as of January 1, 2017) is observed in the Central Federal District - by 105,263 people. Further, the Southern Federal District with an increase of 60,509 people and the North Caucasian Federal District with an increase of 57,769 people.

The largest decline was recorded in the Volga Federal District by 37,070 people. Also, a decline in 2016 was recorded in the Far Eastern Federal District by 12,290 people.

The largest natural population growth was recorded in the North Caucasus Federal District by 78,560 people.
The largest natural population decline was recorded in the Central Federal District by 71,020 people.
At the same time, the Central Federal District has the largest absolute decline and the largest migration gain.

Population by federal districts as of 01/01/2016 (preliminary estimate) and average for 2015

Federal districts, which in the Russian Federation are essentially a variety of the so-called special districts, are quite well known in the world practice of federal states. 5 The purpose of creating special districts is to ensure effective management in a particular industry and solve problems that are either not at all within the competence of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation, or should be addressed at the interregional level. At the same time, bodies and individual officials in special districts usually implement technical and executive functions.

The purpose and regulatory framework for the creation of federal districts in modern Russia.

The authority of the President of the Russian Federation to appoint and dismiss his plenipotentiaries is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 (clause "k" of Article 83). This constitutional provision lays the foundation for the appointment by the President of any of his representatives, and the head of state actively uses this authority. In practice, the President appoints representatives to other government bodies (the State Duma, the Federation Council, the Constitutional Court, etc.), special representatives on any issue (for example, for negotiations with the European Union on the Kaliningrad Region) and plenipotentiaries to federal districts.

The federal districts were formed in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." This Decree does not name the reasons that prompted the reorganization of the entire system of representatives of the President on the ground (previously, plenipotentiary representatives of the President were appointed to the subjects of the Russian Federation) and the creation of federal districts, but contains a standard phrase: "In order to ensure the implementation by the President of the Russian Federation of his constitutional powers, increase the efficiency of federal bodies of state power and improving the system of control over the execution of their decisions ... "However, many of these reasons arising from this goal are quite obvious:

1. In particular, outside the capital, in some cases at a very remote distance from it, there are objects that are in federal ownership. It cannot be said that they were ownerless, but at best they were managed by separate departments. However, it is known that the departmental interest does not always coincide with the national one.

2. In addition, at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, the problem of bringing the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation into line with federal legislation on issues of joint jurisdiction between Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation became more acute. However, in many cases, the contradictions are rooted not so much in the principled position of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but in the insufficient expert study of draft legislative acts, in the absence of the opportunity to hold consultations with the relevant federal authorities even at the stage of preparing draft laws.

The concept of the federal district. In Russia, a federal district is a territory covering the area of ​​several subjects of the Russian Federation, within which the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation operates. In total, there are seven federal districts on the territory of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the federal districts do not represent administrative units, but only provide a territorial "binding" for the activities of authorized representatives. In fact, the Decree of May 13, 2000 only expanded the territorial boundaries of the functioning of each of the plenipotentiaries of the President of the Russian Federation: before the Decree was adopted, the plenipotentiary acted within one subject of the Russian Federation, as a result of the adoption of the Decree, the limits expanded to several subjects of the Federation.

Plenipotentiary representatives are officials who ensure the exercise by the President of the Russian Federation of their constitutional powers, and in addition to such ensuring activities, representatives do not have any independent powers. Functions of authorized representatives in federal districts. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 (section II) defines as follows main tasks of the plenipotentiary: organization in the relevant federal district of work on the implementation by public authorities of the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state, determined by the President of the Russian Federation; organization of control over the execution in the federal district of decisions of federal government bodies; ensuring the implementation of the personnel policy of the President of the Russian Federation in the federal district; submission to the President of the Russian Federation of regular reports on ensuring national security in the federal district, as well as on the political and economic situation in the federal district, making appropriate proposals to the President of the Russian Federation.

On the whole, the functions vested in the plenipotentiary representative according to the Decree correspond to the main tasks of his activity set in the same decree for such a representative. However, some functions go beyond monitoring and control. Thus, the plenipotentiary representative has the right and even the obligation to organize the interaction of federal executive bodies with state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, political parties, other public and religious associations; to develop, jointly with interregional associations of economic cooperation of subjects of the Russian Federation, programs for the socio-economic development of territories within the federal district.

It should be noted that all authorized representatives took part in the analysis of the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to detect contradictions with federal legislation, so that in the future the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation would be brought into line with federal legislation.

At the same time, some plenipotentiaries in their actions sometimes went beyond the limits established by the Decree of May 13, 2000. Thus, in some cases, plenipotentiaries openly spoke out in support of one or another candidate in elections to state authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, at present, the positions of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation are considered as important political posts.

Federal District of Russia- this is an economic region of the highest level, which is a large territorial and industrial complex, which combines industries of market specialization with industries that complement the territorial complex, and infrastructure.

Federal districts of Russia (Russian Federation) were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" dated May 13, 2000.
In accordance with this Decree, all subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are united into eight federal districts: the Northwestern Federal District, the Central Federal District, the Volga Federal District, the Southern Federal District, the North Caucasian Federal District, the Urals Federal District, the Siberian Federal District , Far Eastern Federal District. Each of the eight existing federal districts has an administrative center.
In accordance with the Federal Law "On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ, the regions of Russia include urban districts and municipal districts.

A municipal district is a combination of several urban or rural settlements or settlements and inter-settlement territories united by a common territory.

An urban district is an urban settlement that is not part of a municipal district.

Russian Federation (Russia)- the largest state in the world by area. The year of foundation of Russia is considered to be 862 (the beginning of Russian statehood). The area of ​​the Russian Federation is 17.1 million km2, and is divided into 83 subjects of the federation in eight federal districts, including 46 regions, 21 republics, 9 territories, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous regions and 2 federal cities.

Federal districts of Russia: Central Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Urals Federal District, Southern Federal District, Siberian Federal District, Volga Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District.

Central Federal District in Russia.

Central Federal District. The administrative center of the federal district is the city of Moscow.

Central Federal District (CFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District”. The territory of the district is 650.3 thousand square meters. km. (3.8%) of the territory of Russia and ranks first in Russia in terms of population. The Central Federal District is located in the central part of the East European Plain, its administrative center is the city of Moscow.
The Central Federal District consists of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Northwestern Federal District in Russia.

NORTH-WESTERN Federal District. Area 1,677,900 sq. km. The administrative center of the district is the city of St. Petersburg.

Northwestern Federal District (NWFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." The North-Western region is located in the north and north-west of the European part of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The center of the Northwestern Federal District is the city of St. Petersburg.
The Northwestern Federal District consists of 11 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Southern Federal District in Russia.

Southern Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Southern Federal District (SFD)- formed by Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the System and Structure of Federal Executive Bodies" .
From the moment of formation on May 13, 2000, the district was called "North Caucasian", by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 of June 21, 2000 - it was renamed into "Southern".
The Southern Federal District is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The Southern Federal District consists of 13 subjects of the Russian Federation

By decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated July 28, 2016 No. 375, the Crimean Federal District was abolished, and its constituent entities - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol - were included in the Southern Federal District.

Volga Federal District in Russia.

Volga Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

Volga Federal District (VFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The Volga Federal District occupies the central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. The center of the Volga Federal District is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The Volga Federal District consists of 14 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Ural Federal District in Russia.

Ural federal district. The administrative center of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.

Ural Federal District (UrFO)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." The center of the Ural Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg.
The Ural Federal District consists of 6 subjects of the Russian Federation.

In a number of states, the federal district is an administrative-territorial unit, and the capital of the federation is located on its territory. In Argentina, for example, this territorial unit is called the federal capital district, in Australia - the capital territory. The district may, on an equal basis with other subjects, be part of the federation, or may be part of it.

Federal districts of Russia

In 2000, 7 federal districts were formed in the Russian Federation (city centers are indicated in brackets), and later two more were formed:

1. Central (Moscow).
2. Northwestern (St. Petersburg).
3. Volga Federal District (Nizhny Novgorod).
4. Uralsky (Yekaterinburg).
5. North Caucasian (Pyatigorsk district).
6. Far East (Khabarovsk).
7. Siberian Federal District (Novosibirsk).
8. Crimean (Simferopol).
9. Southern Federal District (Rostov-on-Don).

Each of them is headed by a representative of the President of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that the district does not affect the constitutional territorial division of the country and is a tool for strengthening the vertical of power. 7 districts were created by decree of President V.V. Putin No. 849 dated May 13, 2000, and two more were added later. In general, the number and composition of FIs may change due to geographical convenience, political changes. The county is as convenient to the government as possible. However, it cannot be argued that it will remain so in the future.

In fact, the district is a macro-region, which was created by analogy with a military district or an economic region. Each of them has a certain city center - it houses the representative of the president and his apparatus of controlling and governing bodies.

Almost all federal districts consist of krais and oblasts. The only exception is the North Caucasian District, which includes national republics. By the way, it is here that the city center (Pyatigorsk Okrug) is not an administrative center or a city.

Need

The development of the Russian economy is very closely connected with the historical, natural and regional features of this country. There is a huge territory and large reserves of natural resources, most of which may still remain unexplored. Consequently, the role of the centralized management of power has always been high. In addition to the borders and the center, it is also necessary to have cells to control the entire space of the country. Given the very large number of regions, as well as their desire to expand sovereignty, which weakens power, it was decided to create separate regional control centers that would be led directly by Moscow.

Arbitrariness of regions

The state is not only a geographical area with clearly defined boundaries where citizens work and live. First of all, these are laws, discipline and order. It is unacceptable when legal acts adopted in the regions contradict the country's fundamental law, and the constitutions of the republics generally diverge from it, border posts and trade barriers are established between regions and territories. This could have serious consequences. Of course, it was necessary to take some action, because it was impossible to monitor 89 regions from the capital. Such a decision looks especially relevant, since some regions generally introduced their own resolutions and orders, which could contradict not only federal laws, but also the Constitution. Consequently, after the collapse of the USSR, there were practically no effective tools for managing remote regions in Russia. Handling was close to zero.

It is also worth considering interethnic conflicts and aggressive plans of foreign countries to split and break economic ties between remote regions and central ones. As a result, the question of creating a new form of state administration at the federal level has come to a head. Thus, in large administrative-territorial formations (in federal districts), authorized representatives of state power appeared, which does not contradict the Constitution.

From the history

Governing the vast territory of Russia has always been difficult. Even under the Russian Empire, the emperor had problems with controlling the processes taking place in the state. As a result, reform attempts were made. So, already under Peter the Great, the country was divided into provinces, each of which had a governor. But even then, some areas surpassed many European states in area, so even with the introduction of a new level of government, it was difficult to retain power. A division into smaller provinces was required, which eventually made it possible for the center to quickly and effectively manage even remote regions. But even then there was no clear structure of subordination.

The current division of Russia into federal districts is just one of the stages in history when the authorities are trying to create a convenient management of the regions by introducing their direct representatives in large city centers. And there is nothing fundamentally new in this.

Modernity

On May 13, 2000, President Putin's Decree "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" was issued. This made it possible to increase the efficiency of the work of state authorities.

The federal districts of the Russian Federation are of extremely important national importance. They are intended to solve national problems, and also "cement" the economic and political space. They represent the basic structures on which the federal centers rely in their relations with the territories. So, now we understand that this is a federal district.

Representative Functions

It should be noted that no constitutional powers are provided for the representative of the President in the Federal District. He is simply an employee of the Presidential Administration and his representative. Regardless of which federal district this or that representative represents, its functions are as follows:

1. Coordination and control of the activities of federal executive bodies (within their district).
2. Cooperation with interregional associations and development of programs for the economic and social development of the regions.
3. Organization of effective interaction of executive authorities with representatives of local self-government, public and religious groups, political parties and public authorities.
4. Participation in the activities of state authorities and local self-government.
5. Monitoring the implementation of laws, orders and decrees of the President, government decrees, the implementation of federal programs.

Naturally, all these functions are assigned to a representative who can act only within the territorial boundaries of the district. That is, a representative of the Central Federal District can only cooperate with a representative of another district, but he cannot take a direct part in the life of his region.

Often there are contradictions between the regions and the center, however, due to the division of the country into districts, the sharpness of these contradictions has significantly decreased.

What are federal districts in simple words?

To summarize very strongly, the country was divided into 9 large pieces in order to ensure more convenient and efficient management of the regions. Each "piece" is a federal district, which has its own center (large city). In this city there is a representative of the President with his own structure, whose task is to monitor the implementation of presidential decrees and orders of the Government. In theory, this ensures more effective implementation of Moscow's decrees by the regions, and also contributes to the growth of social and economic development, although each individual resident is hardly capable of experiencing the work of the new apparatus.

Flaws

Some experts believe that the division into FOs is a way to make the President more accessible to citizens. And although this required the introduction of an additional link, this helped a little, since there was no representative of the President in the regions before.

On the other hand, such an innovation requires additional government spending, since the maintenance of representatives in the districts and their apparatus requires funding. Also an important marker is the fact that the results of dividing the country into regions are not widely advertised, which is why many citizens still do not understand why such a division was carried out. It also suggests certain thoughts about the inefficiency of implementing such an idea.

Finally

Nevertheless, most experts argue that the current system of three-level control is quite effective. Thanks to her, the center gained the ability to manage remote regions, which was not previously possible. Today in the Russian Federation there are 9 federal districts, although quite recently there were 7 of them. So it cannot be assumed for the future that their number will not be changed again, and their composition will be revised. All existing 9 divisions are subordinate to the representative of the president and at the moment such a management system is completely satisfied with the authorities.

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY IN MOSCOW

(humanitarian)

Faculty of Economics

In the discipline "RUSSIAN ECONOMY"

Topic: "Federal Districts of the Russian Federation"

Performed:

Kuptsova I.V.

Krasnodar 2006

1. Central Federal District

2. Northwestern Federal District

3. Southern Federal District

4. Volga Federal District

5. Ural Federal District

6. Siberian Federal District

7. Far Eastern Federal District

1. Central Federal District

Territory - 653 thousand km2. Population - 37.1 million people.

Federal center - Moscow.

Territorial composition: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl regions; Moscow - 18 subjects;

Federal district in % of Russia: territory - 3.8; population - 25.6;

gross regional product - 28.0; industrial products - 20.2; agricultural products - 24.3.

conditions for economic development. Favorable in the recent past, the economic and geographical position in the center of the European part of the country after the collapse of the Soviet Union has noticeably deteriorated: it has acquired the features of a periphery.

A serious disadvantage is the lack of access to the sea, and the positive side is the neighborhood with the largest industrial potential of the Volga Federal District, a large resource area - the European North, as well as with important foreign economic partners - Ukraine and Belarus.

The district is poor in minerals. The exceptions are iron ores, in terms of the reserves of which it occupies a leading position in the country, and massifs of chernozem soils.

Important prerequisites for economic development are also:

* the already created large economic potential with a multifunctional sectoral structure;

* the most powerful scientific base in the country;

* developed network of institutions of secondary specialized higher education;

* presence in the territory of the district of the capital of the Russian Federation.

Population. The most developed and populated district of Russia.

The average population density is 57 people per km2.

The most highly urbanized county. Although in terms of the share of the urban population - 80% - it is inferior to the North-West, however, in terms of the degree of concentration of citizens in large and largest cities and in urban agglomerations, it has no equal in the whole country. Here is the capital and the largest city in Russia - Moscow with a population of 8631 thousand people (2000), and the entire Moscow agglomeration has 12 million inhabitants.

Two more urban agglomerations - Tulsko-Novomoskovsk and Bryansko-Lyudinovskaya - have more than 1 million each.

The CFR is the most ethnically homogeneous in the country, Russians make up 97% of the total population. Ukrainians and Belarusians stand out from other ethnic groups.

Branches of economic specialization :

* mechanical engineering;

* ferrous metallurgy;

* light industry;

* sugar industry;

* oil industry;

* dairy farming;

* potato growing;

* vegetable growing;

* cultivation of industrial crops (sugar beet, sunflower, fiber flax);

* science, scientific service, higher education;

* banking and financial activities.

mechanical engineering- the largest branch of industrial specialization of the Central Federal District. It is distinguished by a wide range of products. At the same time, the proportion of technically complex, science-intensive products oriented towards the use of skilled and highly skilled labor is much higher here than in other regions of the country. The greatest development was received by transport engineering (aerospace industry, railway and automobile industry). Aerospace industry enterprises are mainly located in Moscow and the Moscow region, as well as in Rybinsk; automotive industry - in Moscow, Moscow region, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Vladimir; railway engineering - in Tver, Bryansk, Moscow region.

The Central Federal District is the leading region in Russia for precision and complex engineering (electronics, instrumentation, tool production, etc.). Precision and complex engineering enterprises are concentrated in Moscow, the Moscow region, as well as in regional centers and large cities.

Ferrous metallurgy. The Central Federal District hosts the country's second largest ferrous metallurgy base in terms of value and scale of production: the first place in Russia in iron ore mining, the second in iron and steel smelting and the production of rolled products, and the third in ferroalloy smelting. The iron ore industry, the main volumes of production of pig iron, steel and rolled products gravitate to the southern part of the district (Belgorod, Kursk and Lipetsk regions). In the central and northern regions of the district, conversion metallurgy predominates, mainly the smelting of high-quality steels and the production of rolled products in the metallurgical shops of machine-building plants.

The largest enterprises in the industry: Lebedinsky and Stoilensky mining and processing plants, Yakovlevsky mine, Novolipetsk and Starooskolsky metallurgical plants, Tula metallurgical plants, Elektrostal plant near Moscow, Orlovsky steel rolling plant.

Light industry. The Central Federal District is the birthplace of the domestic light industry. For most types of industry products, it occupies a leading position in the country. It produces about half of all domestic fabrics, one third of shoes and garments and knitwear. The largest concentration of light industry enterprises is observed in the central and northern regions of the district, especially in the interfluve of the Oka and Volga. The largest centers of the industry are Moscow and the cities of the Moscow region, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga.

Sugar and oil industry concentrated in the southern part of the district (Belgorod, Kursk, Voronezh, Tambov and, to a lesser extent, Lipetsk regions), where they are confined to the main areas of sugar beet and sunflower cultivation. The Central Federal District is the main producer of beet sugar in Russia, and it ranks second in the country in terms of crop area, sunflower seed production and vegetable oil production after the Southern Federal District.

Flax growing. The Central Federal District is the main flax-growing region in Russia, it provides most of the collection of domestic fiber flax. The main area of ​​cultivation of this crop is the northern part of the district (Smolensk, Tver, Kaluga, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir, Ivanovo and, to a lesser extent, Moscow, Ryazan, Bryansk and Tula regions).

Dairy cattle breeding- the main branch of livestock specialization of the district, its share in the production of milk in the country exceeds a quarter. The dairy direction of cattle breeding increases as you move from south to north, where there is a better supply of succulent fodder.

Potato and vegetable growing is developed everywhere. However, the density of their crops is increasing in suburban areas. Particularly great is the role in the production of potatoes and vegetables of the Moscow region and the administrative districts of neighboring regions bordering on it. The district ranks first in Russia in terms of the total volume of potato harvest, and shares the first and second places with the Southern Federal District in vegetable production.

Higher education, science and scientific services, credit and financial activities. In recent years, the Central Federal District has significantly strengthened its role in the all-Russian system of territorial division of labor in the field of credit and financial activities. Less than in other regions, they suffered here in the 90s. higher education, science and scientific service. A distinctive feature of the geography of these industries is their extremely high territorial concentration in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Intra-regional differences. There are two districts on the territory of the district - Central and Central Chernozemny.

Central- a highly industrial area with developed mechanical engineering and light industry, with Russia's largest centers of higher education, science and scientific services, and a developed banking and financial sector.

Central Black Earth Region specializes in ferrous metallurgy and agro-industrial complex. In this region, on the basis of ferrous metallurgy, the TPK of the Kursk magnetic anomaly is being formed. The basis of TPK's specialization is: mining and enrichment of iron ore; production of iron ore concentrate; smelting of pig iron, steel; rental production.

The abundance of metal influenced the development of heavy metal-intensive engineering and hardware production, primarily mining and metallurgical equipment, which is necessary for the iron ore metallurgical enterprises of the complex. The use of overburden from iron ore quarries, mainly limestone, created favorable conditions for the development of the industry of mineral building materials. This industry also uses slag from metallurgical production. The capture of sulfur dioxide at metallurgical plants led to the development of sulfuric acid production and a number of sulfuric acid-intensive industries in the chemical industry, in particular, phosphorus fertilizers necessary for agriculture in the Central Chernozem region.

Seriously hinder the further development of ferrous metallurgy TPK KMA:

* lack of own fuel and energy resources;

* limited conditions of water supply;

* ecological situation in the areas of iron ore quarries and metallurgical plants.

Under these conditions, the prospects for the development of metallurgical processing in the TIC KMA are largely associated with the method of direct reduction of iron from ore by a chemical method, bypassing the stage of iron production, with subsequent smelting of electric steel. A similar metallurgical process has been successfully tested at the Stary Oskol Metallurgical Plant. It does not require coke and is less water intensive than the conventional process of making steel from pig iron. The latter is especially important in the conditions of the fuel and water deficit in the south of the Central Federal District.