The Uzkoye estate in the south-west of Moscow is a former noble nest, in Soviet times a children's sanatorium, and now a health resort of the Academy of Sciences. Near the estate there is a village of the same name. The estate is surrounded by Bitsevsky park.
Many centuries ago, Uzkoye was a wasteland, in its history it was called both Uzhsky and Usky, but in the end, the current name was assigned to the estate. The first known owner of the wasteland was Prince Afanasy Gagarin, who divided this land with the steward Peter Ochin-Pleshcheev. In the 20s of the 17th century, the Gagarin allotment was acquired by the boyar Maxim Streshnev, a relative of Evdokia Lukyanovna, the second wife of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Boyar Streshnev built an estate on the wasteland in about two decades. At the end of the 17th century, Tikhon Nikitich, a representative of another branch of the Streshnev family, became the owner of the estate. Under him, a church with five domes was built on the estate, consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. The temple was restored in the 70s of the last century, therefore it has survived to our time.
After the marriage of the granddaughter of Tikhon Streshnev, the Uzkoye estate passed into the possession of the Golitsyn princes. Sofya Ivanovna's husband was Boris Vasilyevich Golitsyn, a military man who retired with the rank of admiral in 1762. The Golitsyn family had many children, but one of their sons Alexei Golitsyn entered the history of the estate more than others. Under the father and son Golitsyns, terraced ponds, which have survived to this day, a regular park, were built on the estate, a new master's house and service buildings were built. The daughter of Alexei Golitsyn, Maria, became the wife of Count Peter Tolstoy, and under the Tolstoys, the estate also acquired greenhouses.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the Trubetskoys became the owners of Uzkoye, under whom the central mansion was again rebuilt. The building acquired the features of neoclassicism, the road leading to the estate from the highway turned into a larch alley. The Trubetskoys ruled Uzkoye until the revolution.
After the events of 1917, the Trubetskoys left the estate. The estate was nationalized and in the 1920s it was turned into a children's sanatorium, which was very soon converted into a sanatorium for scientists, and in 1937 was transferred to the Academy of Sciences.
Today, on the territory of the former noble estate, you can see not only the central mansion and the church, but also ponds, a horse yard and an old greenhouse, an outbuilding built in the middle of the 18th century, and one of the service buildings have been preserved.
Manor Narrow.
Manor "Uzkoe"
LINDE ALLEY
B.L. Pasternak
Gate with a semicircular arch.
Hills, meadows, forests, oats.
In the fence - the darkness and cold of the park,
And a house of unparalleled beauty.
There are lindens in several girths
Celebrate in the twilight alleys,
Hiding the peaks for each other,
Your bicentenary.
They close the arches from above.
Below is a lawn and a flower garden,
Which is the right moves
They cross straight.
Under the lindens, as in a dungeon,
Not a bright spot in the sand
And only the opening of the tunnel
Lights up the exit in the distance.
But here come the days of flowering,
And lindens in the belt of fences
Scatter along with the shadow
Irresistible aroma.
Walkers in summer hats
Breathe in whoever passes
This incomprehensible smell
Understandable by bees.
He composes in these moments,
When he takes the heart
The subject and content of the book
And the park and flower beds are binding.
On an old bulky tree,
Hanging the house from above
Burning, dripping with wax,
Flowers lit by rain.
The UZKOE estate is one of the numerous landlord estates located around Moscow. In his history, divided into 4 periods, real facts are intertwined with "traditions of antiquity deep."
Three and a half centuries ago, the boyars Streshnevs settled here, connected by family relations with Mikhail Fedorovich, the first Russian sovereign from the Romanov dynasty. The Streshnevs are the first owners of Uzkoye, who left real traces of their activities in it. The Streshnevsky period in the history of the estate is the longest, rather than the subsequent ones, and at the same time, the least known. The scarcity of sources does not allow to reliably reconstruct the appearance of the estate. Judging by indirect data, the Streshnevs repeatedly visited their fiefdom, at which time its formation was completed. The territory collected from separate parts became a single whole. Under the Streshnevs, the Narrow became Narrow. This is their merit.
Sofya Ivanovna Golitsyna (née Streshneva) was the last of some owners and the first of others. In 1726, a naval officer, Prince Boris Vasilyevich Golitsyn, married her, Uzkoye was her dowry.
Under the Golitsyn princes, who came into possession of the estate in 1726, at the end of the 18th century, Uzkoye gained fame as one of the best landscaped landlord estates in the Moscow region. Golitsyn Uzkoe owes its architectural flourishing. The last owners only supplemented and rebuilt the ensemble, which was basically formed in the 1770-1780s. Considerable attention was also paid to the landscape - a park was laid out, ponds were arranged. The architectural structures created under the Golitsyns shaped the artistic appearance of the estate.
Many of those who owned the estate became prototypes of the heroes of literary works. So, Princess Natalia Petrovna Golitsyna is the old countess in Pushkin's The Queen of Spades. And Famusov’s exclamation: “What will Princess Marya Alekseevna say!”; also refers to the owner of Uzkoy, Maria Alekseevna Golitsyna, by her husband Tolstoy, a former maid of honor, whose opinion is equivalent to the opinion of high Moscow society.
During the war of 1812, Uzkoe suffered significantly. The French army came out of burned Moscow on October 5, 1812 along the Old Kaluga road, ruining the villages and villages located along it. Evidence of the presence of the French in the estate was the trace of a cannonball on one of the bells of the church, from where, according to legend, Napoleon himself watched the movement of the "Great Army". Similar legends about the alleged personal visit of the emperor are typical for the areas along the path of the French from Moscow.
From the beginning of the 19th century, agriculture, taking into account the latest European achievements, was put at the forefront in Uzky. The greenhouse remained from the Golitsyns. The economy was multiplied and began to be conducted on a grand scale. New well-equipped greenhouses and greenhouses appeared. There were more than a dozen of them. In 1850, their number is reduced to one, the same one that exists in our time.
As newlyweds, Maria Nikolaevna and Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, the father and mother of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, spent time at the Uzkoye estate. During the tenure of the Uzky Tolstoy, the manor composition basically acquired modern features. The greenhouse and hothouse economy neither before nor after has acquired such grandiose proportions. It largely determined the further fate of Uzky.
In 1883 Uzkoye passed into the possession of Prince Pyotr Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, a sociable and energetic person. His brother Sergey Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, a humanities scholar, since 1905 - the rector of Moscow University, maintained friendly relations with the outstanding scientific philosopher and poet of the "Silver Age" Vladimir Solovyov. In the summer of 1900, the friends met in Uzkoy, hoping to have a rest together. But fate decreed otherwise. Solovyov fell seriously ill and on July 31 died in Trubetskoy's arms. Since then, Uzkoye has been associated with the name of the great Russian philosopher. Under Trubetskoy, the manor park, turning into a larch forest, was reconstructed. Narrow was not enriched with new outstanding structures. The activity of the owners was aimed mainly at the preservation of existing buildings. The rebuilt manor house has lost most of the artistic merit that distinguished it earlier, which indicates a decline in taste. The death of Vladimir Solovyov brought fame to the estate, which has since become a place of pilgrimage for his admirers. Later, in the room where he died, there will be a library, but even today it is called the Solovyov Room.
In the post-revolutionary years, Uzky was lucky. Most of the landowners' houses and estates were swept away by the "revolutionary element" as "the haven of class enemies." Uzkoye, as they say, "got off with little bloodshed." In the first years of Soviet power, Uzkoe protected from destruction exemplary land use on the estate - agriculture and gardening. In the future, Uzkoye turned into a sanatorium for the rest of the scientific intelligentsia.
Sanatorium "Uzkoe" was opened in the estate in 1922. Almost all of the country's leading scientists, academicians and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, cultural and art figures rested and worked in the Narrow. In 1931, English playwright B. Shaw visited Uzkoye, accompanied by A.V. Lunacharsky, who arrived in the USSR for ten days. There they met with K.S. Stanislavsky, who was on vacation. B. Shaw said about Konstantin Sergeevich that he is "the most beautiful person on the whole globe." In 1935, V.I.Vernadsky and Academician A.N.Severtsov posed for I.E.Grabar, filling in the gaps in the portrait gallery of outstanding Russian scientists.
During the Great Patriotic War, when the Germans were near Moscow, it was turned into a field hospital, and in 1943, during the war, Uzkoye again opened its doors to vacationers.
K. Chukovsky created memories of Vl. Mayakovsky here, L. Leonov worked on the chapters of the novel "Russian Forest". And how many poems about the Narrow were written by the poets B. Pasternak, A. Bezymensky, S. Vasiliev, S. Marshak, V. Lugovskoy, Yakub Kolas!
On August 30, 1960, after the inclusion of Uzkoye into Moscow, part of the buildings, according to the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR (church, horse yard), as well as the park with ponds, were put under state protection as monuments of architecture and garden and park art.
On December 4, 1974, another Decree of the Council of Ministers referred several more objects to their number: the main house of the estate, the southern wing, the greenhouse and the service building.
Other buildings: the northern wing, the glacier, the manager's house, the three gates - northern, southern and western ("heavenly"), as well as the forge are not under state protection. Until now, the art collection located in the sanatorium does not have a special status, which caused the loss of a number of values.
The church - five-domed, stone, built by the Streshnevs, is now one of the most interesting architectural monuments in Moscow. It was built in the style of the Moscow "Naryshkin" baroque, characteristic of the capital's architecture of the late XVII-XVIII centuries. It was brought under the roof by 1696. On August 2, 1990, the Uzky Church was given to the Patriarchate. At the time of the transfer, the building was a book depository, so its consecration took place only on April 26, 1992.
Sources
1. M.Yu.Korobko. Usadba Uzkoye: historical and cultural complex of the 17th-20th centuries. M.: Bioinformservis, 1996. 2. S.N.Razgonov. Monuments of the Fatherland (Almanac) issue 32 1994 3. N.V. Teptsov; K.A. Averyalov; S.V. Zhuravlev. History of the South-West of Moscow. 4. L.E. Kolodny. Journey to Moscow. M.: 1990. 5. I.K. Kondratiev. Gray-haired old Moscow. M.: Military publishing house, 1996. 6. F.L. Kurlat. Moscow. From the center to the outskirts: A guide. M.: 1989. 7. S.M. Lyubetsky. Moscow environs near and far behind all outposts. M.: 1887. 8. Manor necklace of the South-West of Moscow. M.: 1996. 9. A.P. Vergunov, V.A. Gorokhov. Landscape art of Russia, 1996. 10. P.D.Alekseev, M.A.Filin, A.G.Chetverikov. Yasenevo. History and modernity. M.: 1997Prokhorova Anna Alexandrovna, GBOU secondary school No. 794, 10
From the estate to the palace and park ensemble: an architectural and historical cheat sheetIn 1692, Uzkoye was bought by Tikhon Streshnev, a representative of another branch of this family. Thinking about leaving worldly life, he ordered the construction of the Kazan Church. The temple was built quickly and completed in 1697 - before the prohibition of stone construction by Peter.
Tikhon's granddaughter Sophia married Prince Boris Golitsyn, later an admiral. They arranged a regular park and several terraced ponds in the estate. Their son, Major General Alexei Golitsyn, built a new house and outbuildings in Uzkoye.
Then the estate was inherited by his eldest daughter Maria Tolstaya. She was married to Count Peter Tolstoy. He became the next owner of Uzkoye in 1826. And in the early 1880s, the estate passed from the Tolstoys to their relatives Trubetskoy. Then the old wooden house was rebuilt in the neoclassical style according to the project of S.K. Rodionov, they supplemented it with stone outbuildings, and the road to the estate was lined with larches on both sides.
The whole color of literary life has been here. Boris Pasternak often walked in the park. Even one of the linden alleys was named after him, and in response he dedicated poems to Uzky. And in 1900, the philosopher Vladimir Solovyov died in the owner's office.
After 1917, almost all Trubetskoys emigrated, and in 1922 the estate was transferred to the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (since 1931, the Commission for the Assistance to Scientists), and in 1937 - to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
An exemplary farm saved the estate: it is known that the Trubetskoys grew pineapples, peaches and other exotic fruits in greenhouses.
During the war, a hospital was set up in the main house. Then a movie booth was set up at the main entrance. Immediately after the war, a sanatorium for members of the Academy of Sciences was reopened in Uzky, and the empty walls of the main house were decorated with "trophy" paintings by Western European masters of the 17th-19th centuries, taken from German museums. In 1948, the collection was replenished by the collection of Academician Nikolai Morozov. Among them were the works of I.A. Aivazovsky, V.L. Borovikovsky, I.E. Grabar, B.M. Kustodieva, I.E. Repin, N.K. Roerich, A.A. Rylova, I.I. Shishkin and other artists of the XIX-XX centuries.
Now access to the estate is possible only as part of an excursion group, although the place is very picturesque! Not without reason, in 2007, Burnt by the Sun - 2 was filmed here.
Only own photographs were used - date of shooting 06/01/2009 and 07/26/11Moscow, Profsoyuznaya st., 123a, 123b
There is no entrance to the territory of the sanatorium.
Official site of the Uzkoye estate
The Uzkoe estate has been known since the beginning of the 16th century. Its main attraction is the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. It was built in 1698 by boyar Tikhon Streshnev, uncle of Peter the Great. This temple is an excellent example of manor architecture in the style of the Moscow "Naryshkin" Baroque.
According to legend, Napoleon watched the retreating French army from the belfry of this church in 1812.
The interior, despite the destruction that the temple underwent during the Second World War, is striking in its elegance. The high space under the central dome and in the side aisles, consecrated in honor of the Finding of the head of John the Baptist and St. Nicholas, amazing in their beauty, provide unique acoustics.
For two centuries, the temple in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was the center of the spiritual life of the Uzkoye estate, the owners of which in different years were the ancient families of the Russian princes Golitsyn, Gagarin, Streshnev, Obolensky, Neyelov, Tolstoy. The last owner of the Uzkoye estate was P. Trubetskoy.
The temple, closed in 1928, was used for many decades as a repository of valuable books, which were withdrawn from scientific and cultural circulation in different years. These are Russian antiques, archives and books of repressed writers, the rarest monuments of church and liturgical literature, captured German libraries and archives taken out of Germany at the end of the war.
In Uzky, the manor complex has been almost completely preserved: a former manor house with outbuildings, services, a manager's house, a glacier, a greenhouse, a horse yard and a smithy, a church, a park with a system of terraced ponds, and three gates. It is by Uzky that one can get an idea not only of the front door, but also of the economic life of a large landowner's estate. However, despite the abundance of surviving buildings, there are no outstanding architectural monuments in Uzkoye, with the exception of the original church of the late 17th century.
The current ensemble began to take shape at the end of the 17th century, when the estate was owned by Vladimir Petrovich Tolstoy, the former possessions of Prince A.F. Gagarin and P.G. Ochina-Pleshcheeva.
Today, on the territory of the estate and in its main house there is a sanatorium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Preservation of the Manor Narrow:
1. Temple of Our Lady of Kazan in Uzkoye
2. Main house
3. Forge
4. Horse yard
5. Greenhouse
6. Park
7. Service building
The balance affiliation of the estate is the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Northern gate of the Uzkoye estate |
 Old technical buildings of the Uzkoye estate |
 A park |
 Wooden house built in the 1920s |
 The former house of the estate manager Uzkoye |
 |
Gate with a semicircular arch.
Hills, meadows, forests, oats.
In the fence - the darkness and cold of the park,
And a house of unparalleled beauty.
(B.L. Pasternak)
We invite you to an amazing excursion to one of the most unusual Moscow estates called "Uzkoe". In the Soviet years, the estate housed an elite sanatorium, where legends of Russian science and culture were treated and rehabilitated. Bernard Shaw visited here and the philosopher Vladimir Solovyov lived his last days. Before the revolution, the famous aristocratic families of Russia owned the estate: Streshnevs, Golitsyns, Tolstoys, Trubetskoys. This place is considered the lowest geographical point of Moscow, but one of the highest in terms of its cultural attraction. We invite you to make a three-hour fascinating and deep journey through the estate, go into its main house, look at the perfectly preserved interior decoration of halls, enfilades and rooms, see unique rare paintings, listen to a fascinating story about the 400-year life of the estate to this day.
In the program of a fascinating and deep excursion:
* Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.
Acquaintance with the pearl and the center of the spiritual life of Uzky - a stone temple built in 1697 by the owner of the estate, an associate of Peter I, boyar Tikhon Nikitich Streshnev. This is a striking example of temple architecture in the style of the Moscow "Naryshkin" Baroque. The graceful interiors of the temple and the striking high space under the central dome and in the side aisles, which gives a unique acoustics, have been preserved. The history of the creation, closing and revival of the temple.
* Manor park.
You will see a magnificent natural space created in the time of the Streshnevs at the beginning of the 18th century. This is one of the best manor parks in Moscow, a monument of gardening art. The regular park of the Golitsyn times and the landscape part of the park, similar to a real forest: spruces, pines and larches. An old linden alley between terraced ponds, which Boris Pasternak saw visiting the Trubetskoys before the revolution, and then sang about it in his poem when he was relaxing here in a sanatorium in 1957. Academician Lev Landau liked skiing here. Fishing and walrus fishing on the Uzky Ponds today, baths, piers and moorings with boats in the past. Larch and spruce trees in front of the main facade of the manor house are a tribute to the fashion of the Soviet era. 
* History of the estate.
17th century - Maxim Fedorovich Streshnev, the cousin of Tsarina Evdokia Lukyanovna, the second wife of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, buys Uzkoye from state property. The descendants of Streshnev in 1692 sell the estate to a relative, statesman T.N. Streshnev. After his death, the estate went to the granddaughter of S.I. Streshneva, who married Prince B.V. Golitsyn. Then the estate was owned by relatives: Golitsyn and Tolstoy. In 1883, S. V. Tolstaya handed over Uzkoye to her nephew and pupil, Prince Peter Nikolaevich Trubetskoy. For his family, the estate played the role of a large and beloved dacha near Moscow. Then a field farm was organized in Uzkoye to obtain straw and hay. The estate was considered one of the most progressive and exemplary estates of the Moscow bourgeoisie.
Meeting of the descendants of the Trubetskoy family
* Main manor house with outbuildings.
You will take a tour inside a chic neoclassical mansion that was rebuilt from an old house in the late 19th century by architects D.N. Chichagov and S.K. Rodionov. This image has survived almost unchanged to this day. Halls and rooms, which were often visited by the owner's brothers Sergei Nikolaevich and Evgeny Nikolaevich Trubetskoy - famous religious philosophers, professors of Moscow University, close friends and followers of the outstanding philosopher V.S. Solovyov. Today's sanatorium billiard room, where on July 31, 1900 Vladimir Solovyov passed away. The fate of the family after the revolution and the possibility of buying elite coffee from a descendant of the family, Andrey Trubetskoy. 
* "Tretyakov Gallery with sanatorium treatment".
His cousin, the outstanding Italian sculptor Paolo Trubetskoy (Pavel Petrovich Trubetskoy), often came to visit the owner. You will hear a detailed lecture with a photo presentation about the master and, if you wish, you can purchase a unique book about him at a reduced price. After the Second World War, a unique art collection of Western European masters of the 17th-19th centuries that has survived to this day was formed in the sanatorium. and paintings by Russian artists: I.A. Aivazovsky, L.S. Bakst, V.L. Borovikovsky, B.M. Kustodieva, A.Ya. Golovina, I.E. Grabar, N.K. Roerich, Alexander and Albert Benois, Yu.I. Repina, N.V. Nesterov and others. This place combines the functions of a health center and a unique memorial space - halls, columns, paintings and historical interiors. 
* Republic of Sanusia.
1922 - the opening of the sanatorium of the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (TSEKUBU), and since 1937 - the sanatorium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In different years, almost all major scientists and cultural figures rested and treated here, among them: academicians D. N. Anuchin, D. D. Blagoy, V. V. Vinogradov, V. I. Vernadsky, brothers N. I. and S. I. Vavilov, A. E. Fersman, O. Yu. Schmidt; artists and sculptors: N. A. Andreev, A. M. Vasnetsov, I. E. Grabar, actors and directors: O. L. Knipper-Chekhova, N. A. Lunacharskaya-Rozenel, A. A. Yablochkina; writers and poets: V. V. Veresaev, Vs. V. Ivanov, S. Ya. Marshak, B. I. Pilnyak, N. D. Teleshov, Yu. M. Nagibin; composers and musicians: A. B. Goldenweiser and L. L. Sabaneev and many others. Bernard Shaw came to Uzkoye especially for a meeting with K. S. Stanislavsky. Now it is a sanatorium of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, scientists are also treated here, but now anyone can rest and receive treatment if there is room. 
The author of our project, Natalya Leonova, was lucky enough to relax in this luxurious place for a couple of weeks, and this is what she recalls: “I heard about this sanatorium in an old manor for a long time, but I didn’t even dream of getting there, because I didn’t have the appropriate status of an academician or researcher. In 2009, for one creative work, I needed complete privacy: so that no one would call, write or communicate. One of my well-known acquaintances said that I couldn’t find a better place than Uzkoye - it’s gorgeous in Moscow too. He somehow agreed with the authorities, and at the same time personally vouched for me: he almost swore that I was an intelligent, honest, decent person and, moreover, a native Muscovite with a permanent and long-standing residence permit at the same address. And so I ended up in a small two-room suite of the right wing, with windows overlooking the park. When I went to the dining room for lunch, I simply could not believe my eyes: luxurious round tables, antique chairs, rare paintings on the walls, polite waitresses in lacy white aprons and headdresses, and several quiet, intelligent academicians with their wives. I had the feeling that from the 21st century I dived into a completely different time space. Then I went for a walk around the house, looked at the former ballroom with columns, then looked into the billiard room and found out that it was there that the philosopher V. Solovyov spent the last days of his life. And how wonderful it was to walk through the park and especially along the pond along Lime Alley. What wonderful thoughts and ideas came to mind in a warm and colorful autumn. And in the evenings, when everything was quiet around, it was so easy to compose and write. And at night I read "Candida" by Bernard Shaw, who met Stanislavsky here". 
We are waiting for you on this amazing excursion to a truly magical place in Moscow - the Uzkoye estate.
Gathering for an excursion at the Church of the Kazan Icon(exact address: Profsoyuznaya street, 123B; actually stands at the intersection of Sanatornaya and Tyutchevskaya alley). By public transport: from the metro station "Belyaevo" bus number 49 to the stop "Sanatorium" Uzkoye ". By car: the exact address is st. Profsoyuznaya, 123A, building 14 (parking is available).
Price full ticket - 650 rubles.
The cost of the REDUCED(pensioners, students, schoolchildren and participants of our excursions and lectures) ticket - 600 rubles.
Dates for upcoming tours:
March 24, 2019, starting at 13:45
For purchase discount ticket click on the button. If you do not belong to the preferential category (pensioner, full-time student, schoolchild, regular participant), then before the tour you will need to pay the guide UNTIL THE FULL TICKET COST - 50 rubles.
To buy a ticket
Draw your attention to that tickets are non-refundable if you report that you will not be able to attend the tour less than 3 days before the start of the tour.
When all tickets are sold out, we can add you to the reserve list. in case someone is unable to attend the tour.
For registration in the reserve list and for any other questions call by phones:
8-964-649-99-06 (main phone, call, sms, WhatsApp, Viber, Telegram)
8-926-7777-09-79 (additional phone)
or write to the email address: [email protected]
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