It seems to me that the title of the story "Heart of a Dog" has a double meaning. The story could be so named in honor of the experiment itself, carried out by Professor Preobrazhensky, he transplanted a human heart into the body of a dog, which will be discussed later in the visit. Also, the meaning of the name may lie in the people themselves, such as Shvonder. Nobody transplanted dog hearts to them, they have them since birth. Shvonder is a person without his spiritual world, a loafer, a boor. We can say that he was created artificially, Shvonder does not have his own opinion. All views were forced on him. Shvonder is a pupil of the proletariat. The proletariat is a group of people who sing about a brighter future but do nothing for days on end. It is these people who know no pity, no sorrow, no sympathy. They are not cultured and stupid. They have canine hearts from birth, although not all dogs have the same hearts. The ball-narrator is a step lower than Professor Preobrazhensky and Bormenthal, but he certainly turns out to be higher "in terms of development" of Shvonder and Sharikov.
Such an intermediate position of the Ball-dog in the narrative structure of the work emphasizes the dramatic position of a “mass-like” person in society, who faced a choice - either to follow the laws of natural social and spiritual evolution, or to follow the path of moral degradation. Sharikov, the hero of the work, may not have had such a choice: after all, he is an artificially created creature and has the heredity of a dog and a proletarian. But the whole society had such a choice, and it depended only on the person which path he would choose. In the biography of M. Bulgakov, written by E. Proffer in 1984, "Heart of a Dog" is considered as "an allegory of the revolutionary transformation of Soviet society, a warning story about the danger of interfering in the affairs of nature." This is not only the history of Sharikov's transformations, but, above all, the history of society. developing according to absurd, irrational laws. If the fantastic plan of the story is completed in terms of plot, then the moral and philosophical one remains open: the Sharkovs continue to multiply, multiply and assert themselves in life, which means that the “monstrous history” of society continues.
Unfortunately, Bulgakov's tragic predictions came true, which was confirmed in the 30-50s, during the formation of Stalinism, and later. The problem of the "new man" and the structure of the "new society" was one of the central problems of the literature of the 1920s. M. Gorky wrote: “The hero of our days is a man from the “mass”, a laborer of culture, an ordinary party member, a worker, a military doctor, a nominee, a village teacher, a young doctor and an agronomist, an experienced peasant and activist working in the village, a worker-inventor, in general - a man of the masses! The main attention should be paid to the masses, to the education of such heroes. The main feature of the literature of the 1920s was that it was dominated by the idea of the collective. The ideas of collectivism were substantiated in the aesthetic programs of the futurists, Proletkult, constructivism, RAPP. The image of Sharikov can be perceived as a polemic with theorists who substantiate the idea of a "new man" of Soviet society. “Here is your new man. - as if Bulgakov said in his story. And the writer in his work, on the one hand, reveals the psychology of the mass hero (Sharikov) and the psychology of the masses (house committee headed by Shvonder). On the other hand, they are opposed to a hero-personality (Professor Preobrazhensky). The driving force of the conflict in the story is the constant clash of reasonable
- New!
The story of Mikhail Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" can be called prophetic. In it, the author, long before our society abandoned the ideas of the revolution of 1917, showed the grave consequences of human interference in the natural course of development, whether it be nature or society....
- New!
M.A. Bulgakov had a rather ambiguous, complex relationship with the authorities, like any writer of the Soviet era who did not write works praising this authority. On the contrary, it is clear from his works that he accuses her of the devastation that has come ...
- New!
The story "The Heart of a Dog", it seems to me, is distinguished by the originality of the solution of the idea. The revolution that took place in Russia was not the result of natural socio-economic and spiritual development, but an irresponsible and premature experiment ....
M. A. Bulgakov came to literature already during the years of Soviet power. He was not an emigrant and experienced all the difficulties and contradictions of the Soviet reality of the 1930s. His childhood and youth are connected with Kyiv, the subsequent years of his life - with Moscow. To the Moscow...
What is the meaning of the title of the story by A. I. Kuprin "Duel"?
Sample essay text
When you close the last page of Kuprin's story "Duel", there is a feeling of absurdity, injustice of what happened. The dry lines of the report in a clerical way accurately and dispassionately set out the circumstances of the death of Lieutenant Romashov, who died as a result of a duel with Lieutenant Nikolaev. The life of a young, pure and honest person ends simply and casually.
The external outline of the story seems to explain the reason for this tragedy. This is Yuri Alekseevich's love for a married woman, Shurochka Nikolaeva, which caused her husband's legitimate and understandable jealousy and his desire to protect his desecrated honor. But this love is mixed with the meanness and selfish calculation of Shurochka, who was not ashamed to conclude a cynical deal with a man in love with her, in which his life became the stake. In addition, it seems that the death of Romashov is predetermined by the events that take place in the story. This is facilitated by the general atmosphere of cruelty, violence, impunity that characterizes the officer environment.
This means that the word "duel" is an expression of the conflict between universal human moral norms and the lawlessness that is going on in the army.
The young lieutenant Romashov arrives at his duty station with the hope of finding his calling here, meeting honest, courageous people who will accept him into their friendly officer family. The author does not idealize his hero at all. He is, as they say, an average, even ordinary person with a ridiculous habit of thinking of himself in the third person. But in him, undoubtedly, a healthy, normal beginning is felt, which causes in him a feeling of protest against the surrounding way of army life. At the beginning of the story, this protest is expressed in a timid attempt by Romashov to express his disagreement with the general opinion of his colleagues, who approve of the wild deeds of a drunken cornet who cut into a crowd of Jews, or an officer who shot, “like a dog,” a civilian who dared to reprimand him. But his confused speech about the fact that cultured, decent people still should not attack an unarmed person with a saber evokes only a condescending response, in which poorly hidden contempt for this "fendrik", "institute" comes through. Yuri Alekseevich feels his alienation among colleagues, naively and awkwardly trying to overcome it. He secretly admires the prowess and strength of Bek-Agamalov, trying to become like him. However, innate kindness and conscientiousness make Romashov stand up for a Tatar soldier in front of a formidable colonel. But a simple human explanation that a soldier does not know the Russian language is regarded as a gross violation of military discipline, which turns out to be incompatible with the principles of humanity and humanity.
In general, there are many "cruel" scenes in Kuprin's story, depicting the humiliation of human dignity. They are characteristic primarily of the soldier's environment, among which the distraught, muzzled soldier Khlebnikov stands out, who tried to throw himself under a train in order to put an end to daily torture. Sympathizing with this unfortunate soldier, protecting him, Romashov nevertheless cannot save him. The meeting with Khlebnikov makes him feel even more like an outcast among the officers.
In the representation of the hero, a whole scale of humiliation is gradually built up, when the general rudely treats the regiment commander, he, in turn, humiliates the officers, and those - the soldiers. On these submissive, dumb creatures, the officers take out all their anger, longing from the meaninglessness, idiocy of army everyday life and leisure. But the heroes of Kuprin's story are not inveterate scoundrels at all, almost in each of them there are some glimpses of humanity. For example, Colonel Shulgovich, rudely and sharply scolding an officer who squandered government money, immediately helps him. So, in general, good people in the conditions of arbitrariness, violence and unrestrained drunkenness lose their human appearance. This further emphasizes the depth of the moral decline of the officers in the decaying tsarist army.
The image of Romashov is given by the writer in dynamics, development. The author shows in the story the spiritual growth of the hero, which is manifested, for example, in his changed attitude towards the society of officers, which the regiment commander calls "the whole family." Romashov no longer cherishes this family and is ready even now to break out of it and go into reserve. In addition, now he is not timid and confused, as before, but clearly and firmly expresses his convictions: “It is dishonest to beat a soldier. You cannot beat a person who not only cannot answer you, but does not even have the right to raise his hand to his face to defend himself from a blow. He doesn't even dare to turn his head away. It's a shame." If earlier Romashov often found oblivion in drunkenness or in a vulgar connection with Rayechka Peterson, then by the end of the story he reveals firmness and strength of character. Perhaps, in the soul of Yuri Alekseevich, a duel is also taking place, in which ambitious dreams of glory and a military career are fighting with the indignation that seizes him at the sight of senseless cruelty and utter spiritual emptiness that have permeated the entire army.
And in this bloodless duel, a healthy moral principle, a humane desire to protect humiliated, suffering people wins. The growing up of the young hero is combined with his spiritual growth. After all, maturity does not always mean striving for perfection. This is evidenced by the images of officers, people who got used to the oppressive situation, adapted to it. Yes, and sometimes a longing for a different, normal life breaks through in them, which is usually expressed in a surge of anger, irritation, drunken revelry. There is a vicious circle from which there is no way out. In my opinion, the tragedy of Romashov is that, while denying the monotony, idiocy and lack of spirituality of army life, he still does not have sufficient strength to resist it. From this moral impasse, there is only one way out for him - death.
Narrating the fate of his hero, his searches, delusions and insight, the writer shows the social ill-being that covered all spheres of Russian reality at the beginning of the century, but was more clearly and clearly manifested in the army.
Thus, the title of Kuprin's story can be understood as a duel between good and evil, violence and humanism, cynicism and purity. This, in my opinion, is the main meaning of the title of the story by A. I. Kuprin "Duel".
Bibliography
For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.kostyor.ru/
What is the meaning of the title of the story by A. I. Kuprin "Duel"?
Sample essay text
When you close the last page of Kuprin's story "Duel", there is a feeling of absurdity, injustice of what happened. The dry lines of the report in a clerical way accurately and dispassionately set out the circumstances of the death of Lieutenant Romashov, who died as a result of a duel with Lieutenant Nikolaev. The life of a young, pure and honest person ends simply and casually.
The external outline of the story seems to explain the reason for this tragedy. This is Yuri Alekseevich's love for a married woman, Shurochka Nikolaeva, which caused her husband's legitimate and understandable jealousy and his desire to protect his desecrated honor. But this love is mixed with the meanness and selfish calculation of Shurochka, who was not ashamed to conclude a cynical deal with a man in love with her, in which his life became the stake. In addition, it seems that the death of Romashov is predetermined by the events that take place in the story. This is facilitated by the general atmosphere of cruelty, violence, impunity that characterizes the officer environment.
This means that the word "duel" is an expression of the conflict between universal human moral norms and the lawlessness that is going on in the army.
The young lieutenant Romashov arrives at his duty station with the hope of finding his calling here, meeting honest, courageous people who will accept him into their friendly officer family. The author does not idealize his hero at all. He is, as they say, an average, even ordinary person with a ridiculous habit of thinking of himself in the third person. But in him, undoubtedly, a healthy, normal beginning is felt, which causes in him a feeling of protest against the surrounding way of army life. At the beginning of the story, this protest is expressed in a timid attempt by Romashov to express his disagreement with the general opinion of his colleagues, who approve of the wild deeds of a drunken cornet who cut into a crowd of Jews, or an officer who shot, “like a dog,” a civilian who dared to reprimand him. But his confused speech about the fact that cultured, decent people still should not attack an unarmed person with a saber evokes only a condescending response, in which poorly hidden contempt for this "fendrik", "institute" comes through. Yuri Alekseevich feels his alienation among colleagues, naively and awkwardly trying to overcome it. He secretly admires the prowess and strength of Bek-Agamalov, trying to become like him. However, innate kindness and conscientiousness make Romashov stand up for a Tatar soldier in front of a formidable colonel. But a simple human explanation that a soldier does not know the Russian language is regarded as a gross violation of military discipline, which turns out to be incompatible with the principles of humanity and humanity.
In general, there are many "cruel" scenes in Kuprin's story, depicting the humiliation of human dignity. They are characteristic primarily of the soldier's environment, among which the distraught, muzzled soldier Khlebnikov stands out, who tried to throw himself under a train in order to put an end to daily torture. Sympathizing with this unfortunate soldier, protecting him, Romashov nevertheless cannot save him. The meeting with Khlebnikov makes him feel even more like an outcast among the officers.
In the representation of the hero, a whole scale of humiliation is gradually built up, when the general rudely treats the regiment commander, he, in turn, humiliates the officers, and those - the soldiers. On these submissive, dumb creatures, the officers take out all their anger, longing from the meaninglessness, idiocy of army everyday life and leisure. But the heroes of Kuprin's story are not inveterate scoundrels at all, almost in each of them there are some glimpses of humanity. For example, Colonel Shulgovich, rudely and sharply scolding an officer who squandered government money, immediately helps him. So, in general, good people in the conditions of arbitrariness, violence and unrestrained drunkenness lose their human appearance. This further emphasizes the depth of the moral decline of the officers in the decaying tsarist army.
The image of Romashov is given by the writer in dynamics, development. The author shows in the story the spiritual growth of the hero, which is manifested, for example, in his changed attitude towards the society of officers, which the regiment commander calls "the whole family." Romashov no longer cherishes this family and is ready even now to break out of it and go into reserve. In addition, now he is not timid and confused, as before, but clearly and firmly expresses his convictions: “It is dishonest to beat a soldier. You cannot beat a person who not only cannot answer you, but does not even have the right to raise his hand to his face to defend himself from a blow. He doesn't even dare to turn his head away. It's a shame." If earlier Romashov often found oblivion in drunkenness or in a vulgar connection with Rayechka Peterson, then by the end of the story he reveals firmness and strength of character. Perhaps, in the soul of Yuri Alekseevich, a duel is also taking place, in which ambitious dreams of glory and a military career are fighting with the indignation that seizes him at the sight of senseless cruelty and utter spiritual emptiness that have permeated the entire army.
And in this bloodless duel, a healthy moral principle, a humane desire to protect humiliated, suffering people wins. The growing up of the young hero is combined with his spiritual growth. After all, maturity does not always mean striving for perfection. This is evidenced by the images of officers, people who got used to the oppressive situation, adapted to it. Yes, and sometimes a longing for a different, normal life breaks through in them, which is usually expressed in a surge of anger, irritation, drunken revelry. There is a vicious circle from which there is no way out. In my opinion, the tragedy of Romashov is that, while denying the monotony, idiocy and lack of spirituality of army life, he still does not have sufficient strength to resist it. From this moral impasse, there is only one way out for him - death.
Narrating the fate of his hero, his searches, delusions and insight, the writer shows the social ill-being that covered all spheres of Russian reality at the beginning of the century, but was more clearly and clearly manifested in the army.
Thus, the title of Kuprin's story can be understood as a duel between good and evil, violence and humanism, cynicism and purity. This, in my opinion, is the main meaning of the title of the story by A. I. Kuprin "Duel".
Bibliography
For the preparation of this work, materials from the site were used. http://www.kostyor.ru/
The story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is considered the pinnacle of the writer's work. In it, the author touched upon many important issues - the problems of duty and honor, the meaning of human life, love.
Despite the fact that the image of Pyotr Grinev is in the center of the story, the true heroine of the work is Masha Mironova. This, in my opinion, is indicated by the title of the story. It is the daughter of Captain Mironov who embodies the ideal of the author - a person full of self-esteem, with an innate sense of honor, capable of exploits for the sake of love.
For the first time we get acquainted with this heroine when Grinev arrives at the Belogorsk fortress. At first, the modest and quiet girl did not make a big impression on the hero: "... a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which she was on fire."
Grinev was sure that the daughter of Captain Mironov was a “fool”, because his friend Shvabrin had told him about this more than once. Yes, and Masha’s mother “added fuel to the fire” - she told Peter that her daughter was a “coward”: “... Ivan Kuzmich invented to shoot from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear " .
However, the hero soon realizes that Masha is "a prudent and sensitive girl." Somehow imperceptibly, true love is born between the heroes, which has withstood all the trials that have met on its way.
Probably the first time Masha showed her character when she refused to marry Grinev without the blessing of his parents. According to this pure and bright girl, "without their blessing, you will not be happy." Masha, first of all, thinks about the happiness of her beloved, and for his sake she is ready to sacrifice her own. She even admits the idea that Grinev can find another wife for himself - one that his parents will accept.
During the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the Pugachevites, Masha also behaves very dignified. Despite the horror that she experiences, the girl does not show her condition, she is ready to be with the defenders of the fortress to the end.
In this whirlwind of bloody events, Masha loses both her parents and remains an orphan. However, she passes this test with honor, remains true to herself. After all, having recovered from her illness, she finds herself alone in the fortress, surrounded by enemies, and there is no one to intercede for her. Moreover, the vile Shvabrin, taking advantage of the defenselessness of the girl, keeps her captive, forcing her to marry him.
But even this cannot force a girl to betray her love, to become the wife of a man whom she despises: “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! I made up my mind to die, and I will if I am not delivered.”
Masha finds an opportunity to give Grinev a letter in which she talks about her misfortune. And Peter saves Masha. Now it becomes clear to everyone that these heroes will be together, that they are the fate of each other. Therefore, Grinev sends Masha to his parents, who accept her as a daughter. And soon they begin to love for her human dignity, because it is this girl who saves her lover from slander and trial.
After the arrest of Peter, when there was no hope of his release, Masha decides on an unheard of act. She goes alone to the Empress herself and tells her about all the events, asking Catherine for mercy. And she, imbued with sympathy for a sincere and courageous girl, helps her: “Your business is over. I am convinced of your fiancé's innocence."
Thus, Masha saves Grinev, as he, a little earlier, saves his bride.
We see that it was Masha Mironova, despite all the trials that fell to her lot, who never betrayed her duty and honor, never defiled the memory of her parents, did not stain her girlish and human honor in any way. That is why the story is called "The Captain's Daughter" - the image of Masha reflects the ideal of Pushkin himself, who believed that only honor can help a person to be and remain a Human.
The meaning of the title of the story by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (version 2)
"The Captain's Daughter" is one of the most famous historical stories by A.S. Pushkin. She talks about a difficult period in the life of Russia associated with a peasant revolt led by E. Pugachev.
The main events in the work are connected with Peter Grinev, a young nobleman. He got to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, which was later captured by the rebels.
"The Captain's Daughter" is preceded by an epigraph taken from Russian folklore: "Take care of honor from a young age." These words are spoken to Grinev by his father, blessing him for the service. The hero in the most difficult life situations, on the verge of life and death, follows these truths. In the end, he remains the winner.
But, if the story is about Pyotr Grinev, why is it called "The Captain's Daughter"? Maybe the main character of the work is precisely the "captain's daughter" - Masha Mironova, who also experienced severe trials?
I think that it is Masha who fully fulfills the covenant "Take care of honor from an early age." Perhaps no one said these words to her, but the girl simply cannot live differently - such is her nature and upbringing. Having survived the death of her parents, who were killed before her eyes, constantly being in fear of death, Masha retains her own honor and dignity to the end.
Mironova refuses to become the wife of the traitor Grinev, although he threatens her with starvation. The heroine says: “I will never be his wife! I made up my mind to die, and I will if I am not delivered.”
Masha remains faithful to her lover, believes in him and in him. This meek and quiet girl has great inner strength, purity, and the ability to love. I think she is much bolder and stronger than her Petrusha, who was followed by “sins”. But Masha in the story is almost flawless.
It is she who decides the fate of Grinev when she dares to go to an appointment with the Empress herself. The sense of dignity, inner purity, devoted love of the girl conquer Catherine herself. She, imbued with sympathy for Masha, has mercy on Peter.
Thus, Masha Mironova is for Pushkin himself an ideal to which one should strive. It is she who fully complies with the covenant "Take care of honor from a young age." Therefore, I think, the writer called his story "The Captain's Daughter".
The meaning of the title of the story by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (version 3)
In the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" reveals one of the most difficult periods in Russian history. We are talking about the rebellion of the peasants, which was headed by Emelyan Pugachev. The main character of the novel is Pyotr Grinev, a young nobleman. He serves in the Belogorsk fortress, which is captured by the peasants during a riot.
The book begins with the famous epigraph "Take care of honor from a young age." With these words, Grinev was blessed by his father before the service. The hero remembered this parting word every time he found himself in difficult life situations. He always came out victorious.
The main character of the work - Masha Mironova - "the captain's daughter". Her fate is quite complicated. This girl lives according to this covenant, which is the leitmotif throughout the work. Masha was brought up in such a way that she could not do otherwise. Her parents were killed before her eyes, she herself lived all her life in fear for her life. But, in spite of everything, she retained her dignity and the honest name of the family. Masha refused to marry Grinev, although he openly threatened her with starvation. The girl remains faithful to her lover.
The image of Masha Mironova is very bright. Surprises her purity, moral strength, ability to sincerely love. You can tell she's flawless. In her, the author sees his ideal, since she and her actions are fully consistent with the epigraph of the novel.
What is the meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog?" It has a double meaning. The story could have been named so in honor of the experiment conducted by Professor Preobrazhensky. Its essence was to transplant the human pituitary gland into the body of a dog. What came out of this is described later in the work. Also, reflecting on the meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog", we note that the essence may lie in the people themselves, like Shvonder. Let's consider this option in more detail.
People like Shvonder
They didn't get dog heart transplants. These people have them from birth. Shvonder can be called a person without a spiritual world, a boor, an idler. We can say that he is artificially created, because this hero does not have his own opinion. All his views are imposed on him from outside. Shvonder is a graduate of the proletariat, that is, a group of people who sing about a bright future, but do nothing at the same time. It is they who do not know sympathy, sorrow, pity. These people are stupid and uncivilized. They have dog hearts from birth, although not all dogs have the same hearts. This is the meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog" can be seen.
Did the characters have a choice?
The ball is a step lower than Bormental and Professor Preobrazhensky. However, in terms of development, he is certainly higher than Sharikov and Shvonder. The intermediate position in the narrative structure of this work of Sharik (dogs) emphasizes the dramatic position in society of a “mass-like” person who is faced with a choice: either follow the path of natural spiritual and social evolution, or begin to degenerate morally. The hero of Sharikov's work, perhaps, did not have such a choice. This creature was nevertheless artificially created, and therefore had the heredity of a proletarian and a dog. However, the whole society had a choice, and it depended only on the person which way he would choose.
Allegory in "Heart of a Dog"
In the biography of Mikhail Bulgakov, written in 1984 by E. Proffer, one can find an attempt to answer the question of what is the meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog". The work is considered by Proffer as an allegory of the transformation of the entire Soviet society during the revolution, as a warning about the danger of human interference in the affairs of nature.
The meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog" lies not only in the history of Sharikov's transformations, but also in the history of the change in society, which develops according to irrational, absurd laws. If in the story the fantastic plan is completed plotwise, then the moral and philosophical one remains open: the "Sharikovs" on earth continue to multiply and assert themselves in life. Consequently, the "monstrous history" of the society contemporary to the writer continues.
Features of fiction in the 1920s
Unfortunately, the tragic predictions of Mikhail Afanasyevich came true. This was confirmed in the 1930s-1950s, when Stalinism was taking shape, and also at a later time. One of the main problems in the literature of the 1920s was the problem of the structure of the "new society" and the "new man". The main feature of the creativity of this time was that the idea of the collective prevailed in it. It settled in the aesthetic programs of the RAPP, constructivism, prolet-cult, and futurists.
Mikhail Bulgakov's controversy
One can perceive the image of Sharikov as a polemic with the theorists substantiating the idea of the "new man". The writer in this story, on the one hand, shows the psychology of the new "mass-like" hero (in the form of Sharikov) and the whole mass (house committee with Shvonder at the head). But, on the other hand, Bulgakov contrasts them with a hero-personality in the form of Professor Preobrazhensky. In the story of the conflict, there is a collision of Professor Preobrazhensky's ideas about society, which can be called reasonable, and the irrationality of the views of the human masses, the absurdity of the structure of society.
"Heart of a Dog" is a dystopia
So what is the meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog" besides the above? The work can be perceived as a dystopia that has come true in reality. Present in the story is the traditional image of the entire state system and the opposition to this mechanism of the individual principle.
The image of Professor Preobrazhensky
Professor Preobrazhensky is shown as a man of independent mind, high culture, possessing global knowledge in the field of science. K.M. Simonov wrote that in the story "Heart of a Dog" Bulgakov defended with the greatest force his view of the rights and duties of the intelligentsia, as well as the fact that it is the color of society. The professor is a positive figure of the Pavlovian type. A person like him can eventually come to socialism. He will come if he can see that socialism opens up space for
For him then the problem of eight or two rooms will not play a role. He defends his 8 rooms because he considers an encroachment on them as an attack not on his own life, but on public rights. Philip Philipovich is critical of everything that has been happening in the country since 1917. Preobrazhensky rejects the practice and theory of revolution. He was able to verify this in the course of his medical experiment, in which the experience of creating the so-called new man was unsuccessful.
Is it possible to change the nature of Sharikov?
Answering the question of what is the meaning of the title of Bulgakov's story "The Heart of a Dog", one should consider the image of Sharikov in somewhat more detail. It is impossible to change the nature of this hero, just as it is impossible to change the inclinations of shvonders, cast irons and the like. Bormental asks Preobrazhensky about what would happen if Spinoza's brain were transplanted to Sharikov. However, the professor was already convinced of the futility of human intervention in natural evolution. He says that he sees no need to fabricate Spinoza artificially, when "any woman can give birth to him at any time." Such a conclusion is even more important for understanding the social subtext of the work: it is impossible to interfere artificially not only in natural evolution, but also in social evolution. Violation of moral balance in society can lead to terrible consequences. That is the meaning of the title of the story "Heart of a Dog".
