First, let us recall what is typical for the 60s in Russia. The fundamental ideas of populism, which were first formulated by A.I. Herzen and further developed by N.G. Chernyshevsky, from the beginning of the 60s were adopted by almost all Russian revolutionaries. The main of these ideas are as follows: Russia can and must, for the benefit of its people, pass over to socialism, bypassing capitalism (as if jumping over it until it has established itself on Russian soil) and relying in this on the peasant community as the germ of socialism; for this it is necessary not only to abolish serfdom, but also to transfer all the land to the peasants with the unconditional abolition of landownership, overthrow the autocracy and put in power the chosen ones of the people themselves.
After the Russian revolutionaries saw that the peasant reform of 1861 turned out to be half-hearted, they became disillusioned with the reforms and considered that a revolution by the forces of the peasantry was a more reliable means of achieving the goal, and it was they, the Narodniks, who had to raise the peasants to the revolution. The truth is, how to prepare a peasant revolution, the opinions of the populists differed. While the peasants were rioting, and since the spring of 1861 student unrest, unprecedented in Russia, began, the populists considered it possible to create a broad anti-government front that would be able to rely on the will of the people and topple the government. For the sake of this, they turned with proclamations to the “lordly peasants”, “educated classes”, “to the younger generation”, “to the officers”. Contemporaries even called the beginning of the 60s "the era of proclamations." At a time when free speech was punished as a state crime, each proclamation became an event. Meanwhile, in 1861-1862. they appeared one after another, printed in underground printing houses or abroad, containing a wide range of ideas, and distributed in huge circulations for that time - in thousands of copies. So, the proclamation "Young Russia" was sent by mail, scattered at Moscow University and right on the streets, boulevards, at the entrances of houses. "Great Russian" offered the educated classes to organize an anti-government campaign demanding a constitution. The proclamation "To the Young Generation" demanded a complete renewal of the country, up to the introduction of a republic, preferably by peaceful means, but with the proviso: if it is impossible otherwise, we willingly call on the revolution to help the people. "Young Russia" unconditionally stood up for a revolution, bloody and inexorable - a revolution that should radically change everything, everything without exception, namely: destroy the autocracy (by exterminating "the entire house of the Romanovs" without exception) and landownership, secularize church and monastery property, even liquidate marriage and the family, which alone could, according to Young Russia, liberate woman in the coming social and democratic Russian republic. "Young Russia" not only embittered the tsarist government, but also shocked the revolutionaries.
The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” shows the character of a representative of the Raznochinskaya youth of the 60s of the XIX century. Raskolnikov is a poor Petersburg student. But his spiritual world is in a complex way correlated in the novel not only with the spiritual world of his contemporary generation, but also with historical images of the past, partly named (Napoleon, Mohammed, Schiller's heroes), and partly not named in the novel (Pushkin's Hermann, Boris Godunov, Pretender ; Balzac's Rastignac, etc.). This allowed the author to expand and deepen the image of the protagonist to the maximum, to give it the desired philosophical scale.
Let's pay attention to the name of the main character - Raskolnikov. She is extremely versatile. First, she points to schismatics who did not obey the decisions of church councils and deviated from the path of the Orthodox Church, i.e. opposed their opinion to the conciliar one. Secondly, it points to a split in the very essence of the hero, who is truly a tragic hero - for he, having rebelled against society and God, still cannot reject, as worthless, the values associated with God and society. It is precisely a split, a crack that forms in Raskolnikov's value system, but the system does not crumble from this.
Raskolnikov’s friend Razumikhin also speaks of the inconsistency of Raskolnikov’s character: “ For a year and a half I have known Rodion: gloomy, gloomy, arrogant and proud; lately (and perhaps much earlier) hypochondriacal hypochondriac. Magnanimous and proud. He does not like to express his feelings and will sooner do cruelty than the heart will express in words. Sometimes, in other matters, he is not a hypochondriac at all, but simply cold and insensitive to the point of inhumanity, really, as if in him two opposite characters are alternately replaced. Terribly taciturn sometimes! He has no time for everything, everyone interferes with him, but he himself lies, does nothing. Not mocking, and not because there was not enough wit, but as if he did not have enough time for such trifles. Doesn't listen to what they say. Never interested in what everyone is interested in at the moment. He values himself terribly highly and, it seems, not without some right to do so..
The inconsistency, duality of Raskolnikov is his weakness as an ideologist, this is what destroys him. Raskolnikov's actions are contradictory, now he is alone, in an hour he is already different. He sincerely regrets the deceived girl on the boulevard, gives the last pennies to the Marmeladovs, saves two babies from a burning house. Even his dreams are like a continuation of the struggle of the two sides of his being for and against the crime: in one he tries to save a horse from death, in the other he kills again. The second positive side of the hero does not allow him to die completely.
Raskolnikov is also dual, like the image of St. Petersburg in the novel. “He is remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, taller than average, thin and slender”; dreamer, romantic, high and proud spirit, noble and strong personality. But this man has his own Sennaya, his own dirty underground - the thought of murder and robbery.
Raskolnikov is a new type of hero of the time. The hero is given on the eve of a mental explosion.
The theme of punishment in the interpretation of Dostoevsky. The moral state of Raskolnikov. Dostoevsky's psychological skill in depicting the hero's mental struggle. The ideological and artistic function of Raskolnikov's symbolic dreams.
Punishment in the novel is manifested through Raskolnikov's moral state, alienation and dreams.
Punishment is the suffering that falls to the lot of Raskolnikov, which nature itself inevitably imposes on those who rebel against it, against a new life, no matter how small and unmanifested it may seem.
Let's start with the moral state of the protagonist. Dostoevsky does not skimp on characterizing Raskolnikov's abnormal state: fever, stupefaction, heavy oblivion, a feeling that he is going crazy. Punishment begins immediately after the murder. The central part of the novel is mainly occupied with the depiction of seizures and that mental pain in which the awakening of conscience is manifested. One by one, Dostoevsky describes the change of the same feelings: “Fear seized him more and more, especially after this second, completely unexpected murder”, “... some absent-mindedness, as if even thoughtfulness, began to gradually take possession of him: for minutes he seemed to forget ...”, “his head seemed to start again spinning," "he was lying on his back on the sofa, still dumbfounded from recent oblivion," "a terrible cold seized him; but the cold was also from a fever that had long since begun with him in a dream. , “... sleep and delirium again seized him at once. He forgot himself”, “again the unbearable chill froze him”, “... his heart was pounding so that it even hurt”, “he felt a terrible disorder in everything. He was afraid of not being able to control himself. He tried to cling to something and think about something completely extraneous, but he did not succeed, "" his thoughts, already sick and incoherent, began to interfere more and more ... " , “suddenly his lips trembled, his eyes lit up with rage ...”, “sometimes he was seized by a painfully painful anxiety, degenerating even into panic fear.”
Loneliness and alienation took hold of his heart: “… until then, his heart was suddenly empty. A gloomy feeling of painful, endless solitude and alienation suddenly consciously affected his soul.. Having committed a crime, Raskolnikov tore himself away from living and healthy people, and now every touch of life painfully affects him. He cannot see his friend or his relatives, as they annoy him, this is torture for him (“... he stood as if dead; an unbearable sudden consciousness struck him like thunder. And his arms did not rise to hug them: they could not ... He took a step, swayed and collapsed to the floor in a faint”).
Yet the soul of the criminal awakens and protests against the violence committed against her. For example, about the death of Marmeladov, he is happy to take care of others. In addition, the scene between him and the girl Poley, whom he asks to pray for him.
After a conversation with Zametov “He came out trembling from some kind of wild hysterical sensation, in which, meanwhile, there was a part of unbearable pleasure - however, gloomy, terribly tired. His face was contorted, as if after some kind of seizure. His fatigue increased rapidly. His forces were excited and now suddenly came, with the first shock, with the first irritating sensation, and just as quickly weakened as the sensation weakened..
Dostoevsky masterfully describes Raskolnikov's inner monologues. Among the incoherent thoughts of the half-delirious Raskolnikov, his soul breaks through:
“Poor Lizaveta! Why did she turn up here! .. It is strange, however, why I hardly think about her, as if I didn’t kill her ... Lizaveta! Sonya! poor, meek, with meek eyes... Darlings! Why don't they cry. Why don't they moan. They give everything ... they look meekly and quietly ... Sonya, Sonya! Quiet Sonya! ..”, “But why do they themselves love me so much if I’m not worth it!”, “Do I love her, or what? After all, no, no? ... And I dared to hope so for myself, so dream of myself, I am a beggar, an insignificant me, a scoundrel, a scoundrel!
Raskolnikov's dreams are deeply symbolic. Dostoevsky writes: “Dreams in a diseased state are often distinguished by their extraordinary convexity, brightness and extreme resemblance to reality. Sometimes a monstrous picture is formed, but the situation and the whole process of the whole representation are so probable and with such subtle, unexpected, but artistic details corresponding to the whole completeness of the picture, that they cannot be invented in reality by the same dreamer, be he the same artist, like Pushkin or Turgenev. Such dreams, painful dreams, are always remembered for a long time and make a strong impression on the upset and already excited human body..
Raskolnikov's first dream about his childhood. Here you can apply a multi-level interpretation of sleep.
First level - historical. The episode with the beating of a horse in Raskolnikov's dream is traditionally considered an allusion to Nekrasov's poem "On the Weather". It turns out that Dostoevsky was amazed by the fact depicted in Nekrasov's poem to such an extent that he considered it necessary to duplicate what Nekrasov said in his novel.
Dostoevsky, of course, saw such scenes in reality, but if he considered it necessary to “reference” so clearly to a work of art, then, apparently, not because he was amazed at the fact reflected in it, but because he saw the work itself as some kind of new a fact of life that really struck him.
This new fact consisted, firstly, in the purpose with which facts were chosen from reality and collected by those who had to incite their readers in a certain way; secondly, in the ratio of what is actually happening and perceived by a person who is tuned in a certain way. The "Nekrasov" perception of a horse trying to push an unbearable cart ("Nekrasov" - in quotation marks, because this is the perception of Nekrasov's readers, and not the poet himself), a horse, as if personifying the suffering and misfortune of this world, its injustice and ruthlessness, moreover - the very existence of this horse, weak and downtrodden - all these are the facts of Raskolnikov's dream. The poor Savraska, harnessed to a huge cart, into which a crowd of drunks got into, is only Raskolnikov's idea of \u200b\u200bthe state of the world. Here is what actually exists: “... one drunkard, who, for no one knows why and where, was being transported at that time along the street in a huge cart pulled by a huge draft horse ...”. This cart on the first pages of "Crime and Punishment" seemed to be riding out of Raskolnikov's dream.
Thus, only the size of the cart is adequately perceived, but not the load and not the strength of the horse harnessed to this cart, that is, the challenge to God is thrown on the basis of non-existent injustices, for everyone is given a burden according to their strength and no one is given more than he can bear .
An analogue of a horse from a dream is Katerina Ivanovna in the novel, falling under the weight of her unreal troubles and worries, which are very great, but bearable (especially since God does not take his hand away, and when the edge comes, there is always an assistant: Sonya, Raskolnikov, Svidrigailov), and under the burden of troubles and worries that she romantically imagined for herself, and it is precisely from these troubles, insults and sorrows that exist almost only in her inflamed brain that she eventually dies - like a "driven horse." Katerina Ivanovna exclaims to herself: "They left the nag!". And indeed, she kicks, fighting off the horror of life with her last strength, like a horse from Raskolnikov's dream. (“... such a staring mare, and still kicking! ... She all settles with her whole back, but jumps up and pulls, pulls with all her might in different directions ... ", but these blows, hitting the living people around her, are often as crushing as the blows of the horses' hooves that crushed Marmeladov's chest (for example, her act with Sonya).
Second level - moral. It is revealed when comparing the names of Mikolka from the dream and Nikolai (Mikolai) the dyer. Raskolnikov throws his fists at the killer Mikolka to punish him ( “... suddenly jumps up and in a frenzy rushes with his fists at Mikolka”. The dyer Nikolka will take upon himself the sin and guilt of the murderer Raskolnikov, defending him with his unexpected testimony at the most terrible moment for him from the torture of Porfiry Petrovich and from a forced confession ( "I ... the murderer ... Alena Ivanovna and their sister, Lizaveta Ivanovna, I ... killed ... with an ax"). At this level, Dostoevsky's cherished thought is revealed that everyone is to blame for everyone, that there is only one true attitude towards the sin of one's neighbor - this is to take his sin upon himself, take his crime and guilt upon himself - at least for a while, bear his burden in order to he did not fall in despair from an unbearable burden, but he saw a helping hand and the way of resurrection.
Third level - allegorical. Here the thought of the second level unfolds and is supplemented: not only everyone is to blame for everyone, but everyone is to blame for everyone. Torturer and victim can change places at any moment. In Raskolnikov's dream, young, well-fed, drunk, cheerful people kill a staring horse - in the novel reality, the drunk and exhausted Marmeladov dies under the hooves of young, strong, well-fed, well-groomed horses. Moreover, his death is no less terrible than the death of a horse: “The whole chest was mangled, crumpled and torn; several ribs on the right side are broken. On the left side, at the very heart, there was an ominous, large, yellowish-black spot, a cruel blow with a hoof ... the crushed man was captured in a wheel and dragged, twirling, about thirty steps along the pavement ” .
Fourth level (most important for understanding the meaning of the novel) is symbolic, and it is at this level that Raskolnikov's dreams are interconnected in a system. Waking up after a dream about killing a horse, Raskolnikov speaks as if he identifies himself with those who killed, but trembles at the same time as if all the blows that fell on the unfortunate horse hit him.
Perhaps the resolution of this contradiction is in the following words of Raskolnikov: “Yes, what am I! he continued, raising himself up again and as if in deep amazement, “after all, I knew that I would not be able to bear it, so why have I been torturing myself until now? After all, yesterday, yesterday, when I went to do this ... test, after all, yesterday I completely understood that I could not stand it ... Why am I now? What am I still doubting?. He, indeed, is both a “horse” and a killer-Mikolka, demanding that the horse harnessed to an unbearable cart “leaps”. The symbol of the rider on a horse is the most famous Christian symbol of the spirit that controls the flesh. This is his spirit, willful and daring, trying to force his nature, his flesh to do what it cannot, what disgusts it, against which it rebels. He will say this: “After all, from one thought in reality I was sick and horrified ...». It is about this that Porfiry Petrovich will later tell Raskolnikov: “He, let’s say, will lie, that is, a person with something, a special case, something incognito, and he will lie perfectly, in the most cunning manner; here, it seems, would be a triumph, and enjoy the fruits of your wit, and he clap! Yes, in the most interesting, in the most scandalous place, and he will faint. Let's say it's a sickness, stuffiness also sometimes happens in rooms, but all the same, sir! Still got the idea! He lied incomparably, but he didn’t manage to calculate on nature ”\u003e.
The second time he sees a dream in which he kills his victim a second time. This happens after a tradesman calls him a "murderer". The end of the dream is an allusion to Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" ("He rushed to run, but the whole hallway is already full of people, the doors on the stairs are wide open, and on the landing, and on the stairs and down there - all the people, head with head, everyone is looking - but everyone is hiding and waiting, they are silent! ..”). This allusion emphasizes the motive of the hero's imposture.
Another dream that Rodion Raskolnikov has in the epilogue of the novel is a nightmare describing the apocalyptic state of the world, where the coming of the Antichrist seems to be distributed to all of humanity - everyone becomes the Antichrist, a preacher of his own truth, truth in his own name. “He dreamed in his illness that the whole world was condemned to the sacrifice of some terrible, unheard of and unprecedented pestilence coming from the depths of Asia to Europe. All were to perish, except for a few, a very select few.".
What explains the internal inconsistency of Rodion Raskolnikov?
Show full text
All people are inherently contradictory: in each of us, such qualities as mercy and cruelty, kindness and heartlessness coexist. F.M. Dostoevsky, a world-famous writer-psychologist, in his work “Crime and Punishment” created the image of a controversial hero, who simultaneously has good nature and misanthropy, the ability to compassion and selfishness ... Let us turn to the analysis of the novel in order to understand what explains the internal inconsistency character.
Already the name of the hero indicates his internal split, separation, lack of integrity. The exposition presents a portrait of the former student Raskolnikov: this is a young man of pleasant appearance, with delicate features. He was dressed in rags, in which a decent person would be ashamed to go out into the street, on his head was an old red hat, full of holes and frayed. Raskolnikov was not worried about how others see him. His modest dwelling resembled a coffin: it is a small miserable closet with low ceilings. The author pays great attention to the interior and landscape in order to show the reader in what an irritable state, "similar to hypochondria", was the protagonist. He was crushed by poverty, was in spiritual exhaustion.
An internal struggle took place in the hero’s soul: the environment, selfishness, social injustice and partly poverty strangled a generous, educated person in him. Raskolnikov becomes obsessed with the "Napoleonic" theory that there are "extraordinary" people who have the right to sacrifice other people's lives for the common good. But killing in the name of helping humanity cannot be justified: the scales will definitely tip to one side.
Following the theory, the student wonders who he himself is: "having the right" or "a trembling creature." To answer him, Raskolnikov decides to kill an old pawnbroker who, being a "louse" herself, decides the fate of many people who turn to her. The theory is doomed to fail. Let us recall the psychological state of the hero before and after the murder. The struggle in his soul brought him to a frenzy, a feverish state. His whole being was opposed to theory. To show this, the author uses various elements of psychologism: the system of twins (the characters Svidrigailov and Luzhin represent an extreme form of self-affirmation), speech characteristics (internal
Criteria
- 2 of 3 K1 Depth of understanding of the topic and persuasiveness of arguments
- 2 of 2 K2 Level of theoretical and literary knowledge
- 3 of 3 K3 The validity of attracting the text of the work
- 2 of 3 K4 Compositional integrity and logical presentation
- 3 out of 3 K5 Following the rules of speech
- TOTAL: 12 out of 14
What explains the internal inconsistency of Rodion Raskolnikov?
Show full text
All people are inherently contradictory: in each of us, such qualities as mercy and cruelty, kindness and heartlessness coexist. F.M. Dostoevsky, a world-famous writer-psychologist, in his work “Crime and Punishment” created the image of a controversial hero, who simultaneously has good nature and misanthropy, the ability to compassion and selfishness ... Let us turn to the analysis of the novel in order to understand what explains the internal inconsistency character.
Already the name of the hero indicates his internal split, separation, lack of integrity. The exposition presents a portrait of the former student Raskolnikov: this is a young man of pleasant appearance, with delicate features. He was dressed in rags, in which a decent person would be ashamed to go out into the street, on his head was an old red hat, full of holes and frayed. Raskolnikov was not worried about how others see him. His modest dwelling resembled a coffin: it is a small miserable closet with low ceilings. The author pays great attention to the interior and landscape in order to show the reader in what an irritable state, "similar to hypochondria", was the protagonist. He was crushed by poverty, was in spiritual exhaustion.
An internal struggle took place in the hero’s soul: the environment, selfishness, social injustice and partly poverty strangled a generous, educated person in him. Raskolnikov becomes obsessed with the "Napoleonic" theory that there are "extraordinary" people who have the right to sacrifice other people's lives for the common good. But killing in the name of helping humanity cannot be justified: the scales will definitely tip to one side.
Following the theory, the student wonders who he himself is: "having the right" or "a trembling creature." To answer him, Raskolnikov decides to kill an old pawnbroker who, being a "louse" herself, decides the fate of many people who turn to her. The theory is doomed to fail. Let us recall the psychological state of the hero before and after the murder. The struggle in his soul brought him to a frenzy, a feverish state. His whole being was opposed to theory. To show this, the author uses various elements of psychologism: the system of twins (the characters Svidrigailov and Luzhin represent an extreme form of self-affirmation), speech characteristics (internal
Criteria
- 2 of 3 K1 Depth of understanding of the topic and persuasiveness of arguments
- 2 of 2 K2 Level of theoretical and literary knowledge
- 3 of 3 K3 The validity of attracting the text of the work
- 2 of 3 K4 Compositional integrity and logical presentation
- 3 out of 3 K5 Following the rules of speech
- TOTAL: 12 out of 14
In the world
Dostoevsky belongs to literature
discoveries of inexhaustibility and multidimensionality
human soul. The writer showed
possibility of combination in one person
low and high, low and great,
vile and noble. Man is a mystery
especially the Russian people. “Russian
people in general are wide people ... wide, like them
earth, and extremely prone to
fanatical, to disorderly; but trouble
to be wide without much genius”, -
says Svidrigailov. In the words of Arkady
Ivanovich is the key to understanding
character of Raskolnikov. The surname itself
hero indicates duality,
internal ambiguity of the image. BUT
Now let's listen to the description
gives Rodion Romanovich Razumikhin: “One and a half
years I know Rodion: gloomy, gloomy, haughty
and proud; lately ... suspicious and
hypochondriac ... Sometimes, however, not at all
hypochondriac, but just cold and
insensitive to inhumanity, right, exactly
it has two opposite characters,
take turns ... terribly high self
appreciates and, it seems, not without some right to
then".
agonizing
internal struggle does not subside for a minute in
Raskolnikov. Rodion Romanovich is tormented
not a primitive question - to kill or not
kill, but the all-encompassing problem: “Is the scoundrel
man, the whole race in general, that is
human". Marmeladov's story about
the greatness of Sonya's sacrifice, a letter from his mother about
the fate of Dunechka, the dream of Savraska - all this
merges into the general stream of consciousness of the hero.
Meeting with Lizaveta, memories of
a recent conversation in a tavern of a student and
officer about the murder of an old money-lender
bring Raskolnikov to the fateful for him
decision.
Attention
Dostoevsky chained to understanding
root causes of Raskolnikov's crime.
The words "kill" and "rob" can
lead the reader down the wrong path.
The point is that Raskolnikov
kills not at all in order to rob.
And not at all because he lives in poverty, because “environment
stuck." Couldn't
he, without waiting for money from his mother and sister,
to provide for oneself financially, as did
Razumikhin? Dostoevsky's Man
initially free and he makes his own
choice. This fully applies to
Raskolnikov. Murder is the result
free choice. However, the path to “blood by
conscience” is rather complicated and lengthy.
Raskolnikov's crime includes
creation of an arithmetic theory of the “right to
blood". internal tragedy and
the inconsistency of the image is
precisely in the creation of this logically almost
invulnerable theory. The very same "great idea"
is a response to a crisis
peace. Raskolnikov is by no means a phenomenon
unique. Similar thoughts in the novel
many say: a student in a tavern,
Svidrigailov, even Luzhin...
Main
the provisions of his inhuman theory of the hero
sets out in confessions before Sonya, in
conversations with Porfiry Petrovich, and before
this, hinted at in a newspaper article. Rodion
Romanovich comments: “...extraordinary
a person has the right ... to allow his
conscience to step over ... through
other obstacles, and only in that
only if the execution of his idea (sometimes
saving for all mankind)
will require ... People, according to the law of nature,
generally divided into two categories:
lower (ordinary) ... and actually on
people...” Raskolnikov,
as we see, substantiates his idea
reference for the benefit of all mankind,
calculated arithmetically. But can
the happiness of all mankind is based on
blood, on crime? However,
reasoning of a hero who dreams of “freedom and
authorities...
over all trembling creatures”, are not without
selfishness. "Here's what: I wanted Napoleon
become, that's why he killed, ”admits
Raskolnikov. “You have departed from God, and God
struck, betrayed the devil!” - with fear
Sonya says.
Moral
and psychological consequences
crimes are the exact opposite of those
expected by Raskolnikov. Break apart
basic human connections. Hero
confesses to himself: “Mother, sister, how
I loved them! Why do I hate them now? Yes I
I hate them, I physically hate them, next to me
I can’t stand it ... ”At the same time, Rodion
Romanovich decisively overestimates
scales of self: “The old lady
nonsense!... The old woman was only a disease... I
I wanted to cross as soon as possible ... I'm not a man
killed, I killed the principle! I killed the principle, but
I didn’t cross over, on this
left to the side ... Eh, aesthetically I'm a louse, and
nothing else!" Note that Raskolnikov
does not renounce theory in general, he only
denies himself the right to kill, only
removes himself from the category of "extraordinary
of people".
individualistic
theory is a source of constant suffering
hero, source of undamped inner
fight. Serial logic
rebuttals of “ideas-feelings”
Raskolnikov is not in the novel. And is it possible
it? And yet Raskolnikov's theory has a number
vulnerabilities: how to distinguish
ordinary and extraordinary people; what
will it happen if everyone thinks they are Napoleons?
The inconsistency of the theory is revealed and
in touch with the "real
reality." The future is impossible
predict arithmetically.
The same “arithmetic” that I spoke about in
tavern unfamiliar student, endures full
crash. In Raskolnikov's dream of murder
the old woman's blows of the ax do not reach the goal. "He...
quietly released the ax from the loop and struck
the old woman on the crown, once and twice. But strange:
she did not even move from the blows, for sure
wooden... The old woman sat and laughed...”
Raskolnikov's impotence, lack of control
surrounding his will is expressed by a complex
figurative symbolism. The world is far from
unraveled, it cannot be unraveled,
habitual cause and effect relationships
missing. “Huge, round, copper red
moon looked straight out the window. “This is from a month
such silence, - thought Raskolnikov, - he,
right, now he’s guessing a riddle.” So
Thus, the theory is not refuted, but, as it were,
pushed out of the conscious and subconscious
hero. The essence of spiritual resurrection
Raskolnikov is to acquire
through the suffering of "living life", love, faith
into God. Watchful dream about pestilence
marks the exit from the darkness of the labyrinth.
The gap between the hero and
simple convicts, expand
horizons of the hero's personality.
Let's sum up
some results. Internal tragedy
Raskolnikov is associated with the separation of the hero
from people and with the creation of an inhuman theory
"blood of conscience". In your actions
a person is free and independent of social
circumstances. The incessant
internal strife indicates that in
Rodion Romanovich at the same time
coexist a martyr's dream of deliverance
people from suffering and selfish
confidence in one's own right to “step over
through other obstacles” to “Napoleon
become". At the end of Raskolnikov's novel
comes to spiritual resurrection not in
the result of the renunciation of the idea, and through
suffering, faith and love. Evangelical
parable of the resurrection of Lazarus
refracted in the fate of Sonya and
Raskolnikov. “They were resurrected by love,
the heart of one contained endless
sources of life of another's heart." In the epilogue
the writer leaves the characters on the threshold of a new,
unknown life. Before Raskolnikov
opens up the prospect of the infinite
spiritual development. This shows faith
humanist writer into a person - even in
killer! - belief that humanity
hasn't said his main word yet. All
ahead!
