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In accordance with the state educational standard. Purpose and functions of state educational standards of the new generation

In accordance with the state educational standard. Purpose and functions of state educational standards of the new generation

30.09.2019

1. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of the main educational programs;

3) the variability of the content of educational programs of the corresponding level of education, the possibility of forming educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;

4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and relevant focus, regardless of the form of education and the form of education.

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in educational relations) and their scope;

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering the main educational programs.

4. Federal state educational standards establish terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of certain categories of students.

5. Federal state educational standards of general education are developed according to the levels of education, federal state educational standards of vocational education can also be developed according to professions, specialties and areas of training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

5.1. Federal state educational standards for preschool, primary general and basic general education provide an opportunity to receive education in native languages from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, to study the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation, native languages from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, including Russian as a native language .

6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in federal state educational standards.

7. The formation of the requirements of the federal state educational standards of vocational education to the results of mastering the main educational programs of vocational education in terms of professional competence is carried out on the basis of the relevant professional standards (if any).

8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training, indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body that exercises the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training, the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education may establish the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists to professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and making changes to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

10. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category "federal university" or "national research university", as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, have the right to develop and approve self-educational standards for all levels of higher education. The requirements for the conditions of implementation and the results of mastering educational programs of higher education included in such educational standards cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.

Increasingly, it is mentioned in the formation of the Federal State Educational Standard. What are new educational standards and how have they changed the system of national education? We will try to find answers to these important and topical questions.

What are the new educational standards

This abbreviation stands for Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS). Programs, requirements depend not only on the specifics of the academic discipline, but also on the level of education.

Purpose of second generation standards

What is the purpose of the GEF? What is UUD? To begin with, we note that not all developed countries have uniform educational standards. In the Russian Federation, they are designed to ensure continuity between individual levels of education. After completing one stage, the student must have a certain level of preparation in order to move on to the next educational stage.

The Federal State Educational Standards of general education, intended for pupils with disabilities, are characterized as a system of requirements that are mandatory when implementing an adapted program for children with disabilities.

2nd generation standards requirements

Each class contains certain requirements for the level of education and upbringing according to the standards. GEF implies certain requirements for the structure of programs, the volume of material. They also take into account the conditions for the implementation of educational basic programs, including logistical, financial, and staffing of the process. If the Federal State Educational Standards of the 1st generation were aimed at the assimilation of theoretical material by schoolchildren, then the new standards are intended for the harmonious development of the younger generation.

Components of the new standards

GEF 2nd generation appeared in 2009. They include three main parts.

The first part contains requirements for the results of mastering the educational program by schoolchildren. The emphasis is not on the totality of skills and knowledge, but on universal learning activities that involve independent obtaining of the necessary information through the use of modern technologies, as well as on communicative qualities.

In addition, the standard indicates the expected learning outcomes for each educational area, describes the qualities that will be formed in schoolchildren: a healthy lifestyle, tolerance, respect for nature, respect for the native land.

The GEF lesson involves elements of project and research activities. The new standards pay special attention to extracurricular activities in the form of creative studios, circles, and clubs. The requirements for the competence and professionalism of the teaching staff of educational institutions are indicated.

The country's development strategy, developed up to 2020, is aimed at forming a competent citizen who is able to be responsible for his actions, ready for self-development and self-improvement.

Specific features of GEF IEO

Let's continue the consideration of the Federal State Educational Standard. What are the new standards for the school, you found out. Now we will reveal their differences from the traditional educational program. The content of the program is not aimed at obtaining knowledge, but at the formation of spirituality, morality, general culture, social and personal development.

Particular attention is paid to the physical development of the younger generation. Requirements for learning outcomes are indicated in the form of subject and personal results, this distinguishes the new standards from the first generation of the Federal State Educational Standard. What is UUD?

The updated standards require increased attention to extracurricular activities. Its organization is carried out in the following areas: social, sports, moral, spiritual, general cultural development.

How is an additional group formed? GEF involves the holding of disputes, conferences, the organization of scientific school societies, competitions, olympiads. The time that, according to the new standards, is allotted for extracurricular activities is not included in the main workload of schoolchildren. The alternation of extracurricular and educational activities is determined by the educational institution, taking into account the wishes of the parents of students.

Distinctive characteristics of the new standard

What are the distinctive features of the GEF? Grade 5 is considered the beginning of the second stage of education, where the main emphasis is on the formation of meta-subject and personal results.

The main goal of the new standard was an activity approach, which is aimed at developing the student's personality. General educational skills are considered the core of the Federal State Educational Standard, therefore, specific learning activities have been developed for each subject.

An important stage in the formation of UUD at the initial stage of education is the orientation of younger students towards mastering communication and information technologies, as well as the competent use of modern ICT tools.

Modern digital tools and communication environments are indicated in the second generation standards as the best option for the formation of UUD. There is a special subprogram aimed at developing information competencies in the younger generation.

Primary education in new realities

The standard implies certain requirements for the results of schoolchildren who have mastered the primary education program. Personal UUD presupposes the desire and ability of schoolchildren for self-development, the formation of positive motivation for knowledge and learning, the semantic and value attitudes of students, which reflect their individual positions, social competencies.

Primary school graduates must have a civic identity, personal qualities.

In meta-subject competencies, it is implied that the children fully master the educational activities: communicative, regulatory, cognitive, thanks to which they master the basic competencies.

Subject UUD assume obtaining information on certain disciplines, transformation, use of information, formation on the basis of the acquired knowledge of a full-fledged scientific picture of the world.

For example, a child learns to independently select a title for the text, write down the abstracts of the text. A graduate of an elementary school is obliged to draw up a thesis plan according to a ready-made title, to think over a retelling of the material.

The importance of ICT in educational institutions

The realities of our time are such that, in addition to classical writing, a child almost simultaneously masters a computer keyboard. Many parents who use computers in their professional activities understand the importance of ICT in the modern school. Acquaintance with the outside world, conducting experiments and research today involves the use of digital cameras, microscopes. To summarize the results obtained in the course of practical activities, schoolchildren use digital resources.

Design methodology

For the project method, which is an indispensable element of the modern school according to the standards of the second generation, information technologies are also needed.

The integrated approach to learning used in the second generation standards is associated with the active application of knowledge gained in another lesson. For example, work with texts, descriptions, carried out during the Russian language, is continued when getting acquainted with natural phenomena in the lesson of the world around. The result of such activities will be a video report that describes natural phenomena, pictures of the environment.

Information and educational environment

It should be optimal for the informatization of the student and teacher. It is through the information environment according to the new federal standards that remote interaction of participants in the educational process is ensured, including the extracurricular period. What is included in IS? Multimedia devices, computers, access to the World Wide Web, access to electronic resources.

It is through the information environment that the teacher interacts with children who, for health reasons, cannot attend regular lessons and extracurricular activities.

The standard applies not only to lessons, but also to extracurricular activities. It includes individual lessons, homework, group consultations.

The content of such activities is reflected in the educational main program of the educational institution. GEF allow extracurricular work of younger students in the amount of ten hours a week. At the first stage of education, it contributes to ensuring equal opportunities in obtaining high-quality general primary education, upbringing, moral development of schoolchildren, and the formation of their citizenship.

Conclusion

In connection with the change in the social order in Russian education, there is a need for significant changes. Instead of the classical system, in which the main attention was paid to obtaining the maximum amount of theoretical knowledge, Russian schools are introducing programs aimed at the self-development of the younger generation. The second generation GEF provides an opportunity to receive primary education in their native language, to master the cultural and spiritual values of their people.

Thanks to the use of innovative teaching methods by teachers, each child has the opportunity to build their own educational and educational trajectory, gradually move along it, improve their skills and abilities. The standards of the second generation are aimed at satisfying the social order - the education of a citizen and a patriot who loves his country and is proud of it.

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of the main educational programs;

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering the main educational programs.

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and making changes to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

| Article 7. Federal State Educational Standards

Article 7. Federal State Educational Standards

(as amended by Federal Law No. 309-FZ of December 1, 2007)

(see text in previous edition)

1. In the Russian Federation, federal state educational standards are established, which are a set of requirements that are mandatory for the implementation of basic educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher vocational education by educational institutions with state accreditation.

2. In the cases provided for by the Federal Law of August 22, 1996 N 125-FZ "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education", the implementation of higher professional education programs is carried out on the basis of educational standards and requirements independently established by federal state educational institutions of higher professional education, the list approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.

3. Federal state educational standards, as well as educational standards and requirements established in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article must ensure:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of the main educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher professional education.

4. Federal state educational standards, as well as educational standards and requirements established in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs, including the requirements for the ratio of parts of the main educational program and their volume, as well as the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in the educational process;

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering the main educational programs.

5. When implementing basic educational programs for students with disabilities, special federal state educational standards may be established.

6. The development and approval of federal state educational standards are carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

7. Federal state educational standards are approved at least once every ten years.

8. Federal state educational standards, as well as educational standards and requirements established in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, are the basis for an objective assessment of the level of education and qualifications of graduates, regardless of the forms of education.

Probably everyone wants to give their child a quality education. But how to determine the level of education, if you have nothing to do with pedagogy? Of course, with the help of GEF.

What is FGOS

For each education system and educational institution, a list of mandatory requirements has been approved, aimed at determining each level of training in a profession or specialty. These requirements are combined within the framework of which is approved by the authorities authorized to regulate education policy.

The implementation and results of mastering programs in state educational institutions cannot be lower than those specified in the Federal State Educational Standard.

In addition, Russian education assumes that without mastering the standards it will be impossible to obtain a state document. GEF is a kind of basis, thanks to which the student has the opportunity to move from one level of education to another, like climbing a ladder.

Goals

Federal state educational standards are designed to ensure the integrity of the educational space in Russia; continuity of the main programs of preschool, primary, secondary, vocational and higher education.

In addition, the Federal State Educational Standard is responsible for aspects of spiritual and moral development and education.

The requirements of the educational standard include strict deadlines for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account all kinds of forms of education and educational technologies.

The basis for the development of indicative educational programs; programs of subjects, courses, literature, control materials; standards for the financial supply of educational activities of specialized institutions implementing the educational program is the Federal State Educational Standard.

What is the standard for public education? First of all, these are the principles of organizing the educational process in institutions (kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.). Without the Federal State Educational Standard, it is impossible to monitor compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the educational field, as well as to conduct final and intermediate certification of students.

It is worth noting that one of the goals of the Federal State Educational Standard is internal monitoring. With the help of standards, the activities of methodological specialists are organized, as well as certification of teachers and other personnel of educational institutions.

Training, retraining and advanced training of educators are also under the influence of state standards.

Structure and implementation

The federal law decided that each standard must include three types of requirements without fail.

Firstly, the requirements for (the ratio of parts of the main program and their volume, the ratio of the mandatory part and the share that is formed by the participants in the educational process).

Secondly, the implementation conditions are also subject to stringent requirements (including personnel, financial, technical).

Thirdly, the result. The entire educational program should form certain (including professional) competencies in students. The lesson on GEF is designed to teach how to apply all the acquired skills and knowledge, and act successfully on their basis.

Of course, it is not the constitution of all educational institutions. This is just the beginning of the vertical, with the main recommendation positions. At the federal level, on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard, an approximate educational program is being developed, focusing on local specifics. And then educational institutions bring this program to perfection (even interested parents can participate in the last process, which is regulated by law). Thus, from a methodological point of view, Russian education can be represented as a diagram:

Standard - an exemplary program of the federal level - the program of an educational institution.

The last paragraph includes such aspects as:

syllabus;
calendar schedule;
work programs;
evaluation materials;
guidelines for subjects.

Generations and differences GEF

What is the state standard, they knew back in Soviet times, since strict regulations existed even then. But this specific document appeared and entered into force only in the 2000s.

GEF was previously called simply the educational standard. The so-called first generation came into force in 2004. The second generation was developed in 2009 (for primary education), in 2010 (for basic general education), in 2012 (for secondary education).

For higher education, GOSTs were developed in 2000. The second generation, which entered into force in 2005, was focused on obtaining ZUMs by students. Since 2009, new standards have been developed aimed at developing general cultural and professional competencies.

Until 2000, for each specialty, a minimum of knowledge and skills was determined that a person who graduated from a university should have. Later, these requirements became more stringent.

Modernization continues to this day. In 2013, the law "On Education" was issued, according to which new programs for higher professional and preschool education are being developed. Among other things, the item on the training of scientific and pedagogical staff has firmly entered there.

What is the difference between the old standards and the Federal State Educational Standards? What are next generation standards?

The main distinguishing feature is that in modern education, the development of the personality of pupils (students) is at the forefront. Generalizing concepts (Skills, skills, knowledge) disappeared from the text of the document, more precise requirements came in their place, for example, real types of activities that each student should master were formulated. Great attention is paid to subject, interdisciplinary and personal results.

To achieve these goals, the previously existing forms and types of education were revised, and an innovative educational space for the lesson (lesson, course) was put into action.

Thanks to the introduced changes, the student of the new generation is a free-thinking person, able to set tasks for himself, solve important problems, creatively developed and able to adequately relate to reality.

Who is developing the standards

Standards are replaced with new ones at least once every ten years.

GEFs of general education are developed according to the levels of education, GEFs of vocational education can also be developed according to specialties, professions and areas of training.

The development of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out taking into account:

acute and promising needs of the individual;
development of the state and society;
education;
culture;
science;
technology;
economy and social sphere.

The educational and methodological association of universities is developing the Federal State Educational Standard for higher education. Their draft is sent to the Ministry of Education, where a discussion takes place, corrections and corrections are made, and then it is submitted for an independent examination for a period of no more than two weeks.

The expert opinion is returned to the Ministry. And again, a wave of discussions is launched by the GEF Council, which decides whether to approve the project, send it for revision or reject it.

If changes need to be made to the document, it follows the same path from the beginning.

Primary education

GEF is a set of requirements necessary for the implementation of primary education. The three main ones are results, structure and implementation conditions. All of them are due to age and individual characteristics, and are considered from the point of view of laying the foundation for all education.

The first part of the standard indicates the period for mastering the basic initial program. It is four years old.

It provides:

equal educational opportunities for all;
spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren;
continuity of all programs of preschool and school education;
preservation, development and mastery of the culture of a multinational country;
democratization of education;
formation of criteria for evaluating the activities of students and teachers4
conditions for the development of an individual personality and the creation of special learning conditions (for gifted children, children with disabilities).

It is based on a systemic-activity approach. But the primary education program itself is developed by the methodological council of the educational institution.

The second part of the Federal State Educational Standard sets out clear requirements for the result of the educational process. Including personal, meta-subject and subject learning outcomes.

Formation of ideas about the diversity of the language space of the country.
Understanding that language is an integral part of national culture.
Formation of a positive attitude towards correct speech (and writing), as part of a common culture.
Mastering the primary norms of the language.

The third part defines the structure of primary education (extracurricular activities, programs of individual subjects, which includes thematic planning according to GEF).

The fourth part contains requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the educational process (personnel, finance, material and technical side).

Secondary (complete) education

The first part of the standard on requirements is partially repeated and echoes the Federal State Educational Standard on primary education. Significant differences appear in the second section, which deals with learning outcomes. The necessary norms for the development of certain subjects are also indicated, including in the Russian language, literature, a foreign language, history, social science, geography and others.

Emphasis is placed on students, highlighting such key points as:

education of patriotism, assimilation of the values of a multinational country;
formation of a worldview corresponding to the level of reality;
mastering the norms of social life;
the development of an aesthetic understanding of the world, and so on.

The requirements for the structure of educational activities have also been modified. But the sections remained the same: target, content and organizational.

Higher steps

GEF for higher education is built on the same principles. Their differences are obvious, the requirements for the structure, result and conditions of implementation cannot be the same for different educational levels.

The basis of secondary vocational education is a competency-based approach, i.e. people are given not just knowledge, but the ability to manage this knowledge. At the exit from the educational institution, the graduate should not say “I know what”, but “I know how”.

On the basis of the generally accepted GEF, each educational institution develops its own program, focusing on the profile orientation of the college or university, the availability of certain material and technical capabilities, etc.

The Methodical Council takes into account all the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and acts strictly under its guidance. However, the adoption of the programs of specific educational institutions is under the jurisdiction of local authorities and the department of education of the region (republic, territory).

Educational institutions should take into account and implement recommendations regarding educational materials (for example, GEF textbooks have taken their rightful place in libraries), thematic planning, etc.

Criticism

On the way to the approval of the Federal State Educational Standard, it went through many changes, but even in its current form, the education reform receives a huge amount of criticism, and received even more.

In fact, in the minds of the developers of the standard, it was supposed to lead to the unity of all Russian education. And it turned out the opposite. Someone found pluses in this document, someone minuses. Many teachers, accustomed to traditional teaching, had a hard time transitioning to the new standards. The GEF textbooks raised questions. However, there are positives to be found in everything. Modern society does not stand still, education must change and is changing depending on its needs.

One of the main complaints against the Federal State Educational Standard was its lengthy wording, the lack of clear tasks and real requirements that would be imposed on students. There were whole opposing groups. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, everyone was required to study, but no one gave explanations on how to do this. And with this, teachers and methodological specialists had to cope on the ground, including everything necessary in the program of their educational institution.

Topics on the Federal State Educational Standards have been raised and will continue to be raised, since the old foundations, in which knowledge was the main thing in education, have become very firmly established in everyone's life. The new standards, which are dominated by professional and social competencies, will find their opponents for a long time to come.

Outcome

The development of the Federal State Educational Standard turned out to be inevitable. Like everything new, this standard has caused a lot of controversy. However, the reform took place. To understand whether it is successful or not, at least, it is necessary to wait for the first graduation of students. Intermediate results are uninformative in this regard.

At the moment, only one thing is certain - the work of teachers has increased.