Vtsik decoding of the abbreviation. All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR as central bodies of state power

All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), according to the current Constitution of the RSFSR, the highest legislative, administrative and controlling body in the RSFSR in the periods between Congresses of Soviets; was first organized by the 1st Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies in June 1917 as an all-Russian center for enforcing the decisions of the Congress, on the one hand, and for directing the work of local councils, on the other. Its initial composition was Menyshevik-Socialist-Revolutionary. Having existed in this composition until the October Revolution, he was replaced by a new All-Russian Central Executive Committee, newly elected at the 2nd Congress of Soviets (October 1917), with a majority belonging to the Bolshevik Party - out of 102 members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, there were 62 Bolsheviks.

After the October Revolution, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee became the body of the highest state power. This position Vseros. Central Performed The committee is legally fixed by the Constitution of the RSFSR on July 10, 1918.

According to the current Constitution of 1925, all issues of national importance are subject to the jurisdiction of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee: the general management of all politics and the national economy of the RSFSR, the approval of the budget, the establishment of the state. and local taxes, dues and non-tax revenues, as well as control over their collection and spending, approval of codes, the right of amnesty, the establishment of the boundaries of autonomous republics, as well as the resolution of disputes both between them and disputes between autonomous republics and others. parts of the republic, the abolition of resolutions of all local congresses of councils, including the congresses of autonomous republics and regions, the final approval of the provisions on autonomous regions and the preliminary, before being submitted to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the approval of the constitutions of autonomous republics.

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee may introduce partial changes to the current Constitution of the RSFSR, with the exception of its main principles, submitting them for final approval by the All-Russian Congress. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee oversees the implementation of the Constitution of the RSFSR and the implementation of the decisions of the All-Russian Congresses, directs all government activities in legislation and administration, and determines the range of activities of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars. He convenes regular and extraordinary Congresses of Soviets, forms the Council of People's Commissars and people's commissariats. All decrees establishing general norms of economic and political life or introducing fundamental changes in the practice of state. bodies, as well as to the budget of the RSFSR, must be submitted to the consideration of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee is elected by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets in the number of members determined by the Congress. To perform its functions, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee is convened by the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee at a session. In its activities, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee is accountable to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. From among its members, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee elects the Presidium, which is the highest authority in the intervals between sessions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The rights and obligations of the members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee are determined by the special regulation on the members of the All-Russian Center. Executive Committee of October 24, 1925.

The Soviet period in the history of our country is replete with all sorts of abbreviations that were found everywhere: in the names of state authorities, in party institutions, in the names of specialized law enforcement facilities, and simply in the names of public organizations at various levels. One of them was the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Deciphering the name of this body means the scope of its powers and their level.

Creation of a new management system

From the moment of the October coup d'état of 1917, power in the country passed into the hands of Their primary task was the formation of new authorities that would fulfill their task of turning the country into the Head of the Party V. I. Lenin, having studied the principles of the structure of power in European states, did not recognize the principle In addition, he believed that in the conditions of the formation of a new state, this principle can only do harm, not allowing the necessary and short periods to carry out the necessary transformations and properly control them. According to his proposal, fully approved by the party leaders, a special body appears, combining the features of both legislative, executive and judicial power. So, what is the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the period from 1917 to 1937?

Initially, its competence extended to the territory of the RSFSR, while representatives of Ukraine, Belarus and the republics of Transcaucasia could also be members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The decoding of the abbreviation sounds like "All-Russian Central Executive Committee", thereby emphasizing its dominant position among all authorities of the Soviet republic.

At the end of 1917, there were slight changes in the functional powers of this institute: the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was formed, which became the operational division of the committee. Quite often, the powers of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee were used by completely different authorities, although in hierarchy they were all below it.

In other words, the Government of the country intercepted the initiative. All resolutions of this body had such a legislative form as the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. If you carefully understand, these are laws adopted by the highest legislative body. Comparing with the present, we can say that these are legal acts issued by the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Structural-functional perturbations

During its rather short history, the committee has undergone numerous reforms and changes in the scope of its powers, and already at the Eighth Congress of Soviets, the boundaries of its actions were determined by the legislative framework, but after some time, controlling and executive functions were returned to it. At the same time, it was recognized that the All-Russian Congress of Soviets was the country's supreme authority, and in the intervals between its meetings, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The transcript may be somewhat discouraging, but the letter "I" denoting "executive" actually suggested that the committee takes part in the appointment of members of the Council of People's Commissars, which was the main executive body of the Soviet government. The constitution, adopted in 1918, placed the All-Russian Central Executive Committee at the highest legislative level in second place in the organizational structure of power in the RSFSR, and then the USSR.

Structure and subordination

The second Constitution, adopted in 1925, finally approved the established system of state power of the RSFSR and the USSR: from this period, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee had several divisions and departments. The structure of this important institution of the state was threefold:

However, structural changes occurred almost constantly: for example, in the period from 1923, the so-called Small Presidium began to operate. Its organization was due to the fact that the number of appeals to the Committee's bodies had increased significantly, and there was a need to increase the amount of work. Later, this unit was liquidated in connection with the transfer of part of the powers to other institutions of power. By the time of liquidation, the structure of the committee had the following structure:

• Secretariat of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
• Reception of the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
• Finance Department, Human Resources and Information and Instructor Group.

Similarities and differences between the authorities of the Russian Empire and the USSR

If we draw a parallel between similar bodies of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, then the All-Russian Central Executive Committee can be put on a par with the tsarist Senate, the scope of authority and organizational structure of these authorities was almost identical with some minor differences. In both cases, there was no separation of powers, and one institution of the state performed a lot of various actions, often duplicating and replacing the work of another. In the second case, it acquired a more orderly character. In order to more clearly imagine all the cumbersomeness of the administrative apparatus in the RSFSR and the USSR, it can be noted that there was also a Central Executive Committee, along with the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The decoding of the first from the second differs only in the name "All-Russian", and the functions were almost identical. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR continued to work until 1938, when a permanent Supreme Soviet was created - the main authority of the country of Soviets.

ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (VTsIK; sometimes also called TsIK),

1) socio-political organization. Elected on 16 (29) 6/1917 as the plenipotentiary body of the 1st All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies to lead local Soviets, "protect and expand the gains of the revolution", and also to control the socialists who were part of the Provisional Government. Of the 256 members, 107 belonged to the Mensheviks, 101 to the Socialist-Revolutionaries, and 35 to the Bolsheviks. Chairman of the Presidium - N. S. Chkheidze, his deputies - A. R. Gots and I. G. Tsereteli. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the most important issues held joint meetings with the Executive Committee of the All-Russian Council of Peasants' Deputies. After the July events of 1917, he declared the Provisional Government "the government of saving the revolution and the fatherland" and agreed to grant him unlimited powers. During the Kornilov speech of 1917, he created the Committee of the People's Struggle against Counter-Revolution. Convened the Democratic Conference of 1917. After the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets, which was held during the October Revolution of 1917, left the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee declared the congress "an unauthorized private meeting of the Bolsheviks." The All-Russian Central Executive Committee participated in the creation of the Committee for the Salvation of the Motherland and the Revolution, the Union for the Defense of the Constituent Assembly and in the anti-Bolshevik demonstration on the eve of the opening of the Constituent Assembly. 10 (23) .1.1918 the leadership of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to terminate the activities of the committee.

2) In the years 1917-37 in the RSFSR, the legislative, administrative and controlling authority; Since 1923, the body of republican power has existed along with the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the central executive committees of the union and autonomous republics. He acted in the period between the All-Russian Congresses of Soviets (formed the composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee), was responsible to them. The first composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected at the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, and included, in addition to the Bolsheviks, also the Left Social Revolutionaries and several representatives of other political parties (withdrawn from the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the summer of 1918). In an appeal to local Soviets, he announced the termination of the powers of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, elected by the 1st All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Initially, he worked continuously, from the autumn of 1918 he switched to a sessional work order. The competence of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee included: determining the general direction of the activities of the Council of People's Commissars and other state bodies of the RSFSR; consideration of the budget of the RSFSR; publication of own legislative acts and orders; convocation of All-Russian Congresses of Soviets; appointment and dismissal of both individual members of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and the entire Council, approval of its chairman; consideration and approval of the most important resolutions and decisions of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the right to cancel or suspend the decisions of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In between sessions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Presidium was its authorized body; it also prepared various materials for the sessions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and congresses of Soviets. Various commissions operated under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium: the Central Commission for Improving the Life of Workers, the Central Commission for Assistance to the Starving (both in 1921-1922), the Central Commission for Combating the Consequences of the Famine (1922-23), the All-Russian Central Electoral Commission (1925-37) and etc. The official organ of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee is the Izvestia newspaper. According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1937, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR became the highest republican body of state power.

Chairmen of the Presidium: L. B. Kamenev, Ya. M. Sverdlov (1917-19), M. I. Kalinin (1919-37).

Lit .: Fedorov K. G. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the first years of Soviet power. 1917-20 years. M., 1957; Kleandrova V. M. Organization and forms of activity of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1917-1924). M., 1968; Dispersal of AI All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets in the first months of the dictatorship of the proletariat. M., 1977.

general characteristics

The features of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee are characterized by its most important ideologist V.I. Lenin, noting that it “makes it possible to combine the benefits of parliamentarism with the benefits of direct and direct democracy, i. combine in the person of the elected representatives of the people both the legislative function and the execution of laws”

During the formation of the state apparatus of the RSFSR, there was no clear division in the competence of state authorities. An important reason for this was the fact that "the theory of the Soviet state, denying the bourgeois principle of the division of power, recognizing the need for a technical division of labor between individual authorities of the Russian Soviet Republic."

The division of powers was formulated only by the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets in the Decree "On Soviet Construction". The publication of legislative acts, according to the document, was carried out by: the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars. By another resolution of the Congress of Soviets, the acts of the Council of Labor and Defense (STO) were recognized as mandatory for departments, regional and local bodies.

The multiplicity of legislative acts and, at times, duplication of functions was caused by the conditions of the civil war and foreign intervention, since this situation required increased efficiency in decision-making and the issuance of legislative acts. At the same time, the presence of a number of legislative bodies did not introduce conflicts into the legislative base of the RSFSR due to the clearly articulated by the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 the responsibility of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Council of People's Commissars to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

In May 1925, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee developed the Constitution of the RSFSR (approved by the XII All-Russian Congress of Soviets in May 1925), forming a constitutional commission consisting of D.I. Kursky, N.V. Krylenko, V.A. Avanesova, A.S. Enukidze, P.I. Stuchki and others. The Constitution finally approves the system of central and local bodies of state power and administration: the RSFSR of the All-Russian Congresses of Soviets, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, its Presidium, the Council of People's Commissars, and People's Commissariats.

From 1925 to 1937, the apparatus of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee had the following structure:

• departments
• Secretariat of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
• reception of the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

Under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, there were a number of republican bodies (in the press - commissions, committees, departments). Some directly performed the functions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, others were focused on narrow specifics: the tasks of national building among the peoples that are part of the RSFSR, cultural building, raising the living standards of workers, and solving some specific national economic problems. (According to the SU, 1922, No. 69, Art. 902.)

Since 1922, the Supreme Court of the RSFSR was formed, the composition of which was appointed by the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. With the creation in June 1933 of the Prosecutor's Office of the RSFSR, the prosecutor of the RSFSR was also subordinate to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, in addition to the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the People's Commissar of Justice and the prosecutor of the USSR (according to SZ, 1934, No. 1, art. 2.)

Legislative activity

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee actively developed bills and issued a large amount of legislative acts.

For example, the following documents were developed and adopted by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR:

• Decree "On the nationalization of banks" of December 14, 1917
• Decree "On civil marriage, on children and on the maintenance of books of acts of state" of December 18, 1917 and Decree "on the dissolution of marriage" of December 19, 1917
• Decree "On the recognition as a counter-revolutionary action of all attempts to appropriate the functions of state power" of January 5, 1918
• Decree "On the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly" of January 6, 1918
• Decree "On the annulment of state loans" of January 21, 1918
• Decree "On the abolition of inheritance" of April 27, 1918
• Decree "On the abolition of private ownership of real estate in cities" of August 20, 1918
• Code of Laws on Civil Status, Marriage, Family and Guardianship Law of September 16, 1918
• Labor Code of November 9, 1922
• Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR of May 22, 1922
• Criminal Code of the RSFSR of June 1, 1922, Criminal Code of the RSFSR of November 22, 1926
• The Correctional Labor Code of the RSFSR of October 16, 1924 and the Correctional Labor Code of the RSFSR of August 1, 1933

Chairmen of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee

• Kamenev, Lev Borisovich (October 27 (November 9) - November 8 (21)
• Sverdlov, Yakov Mikhailovich (November 8 (21) - March 16)
• Vladimirsky, Mikhail Fedorovich (March 16 - March 30) (Acting Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee)
• Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich (March 30 - July 15)

Secretaries of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee

• Avanesov Varlaam Alexandrovich (10 (11). 1917 - 1918) (Martirosov Suren Karpovich; 1884-1930)
• Yenukidze Avel Safronovich (7.1918 - 12.1922) (1877-1937)
• Serebryakov Leonid Petrovich (1919 - 1920) (1888-1937)
• Zalutsky Pyotr Antonovich (1920 - 1922) (1887-1937)
• Tomsky (Efremov) Mikhail Pavlovich (12.1921 - 12.1922) (1880-1936)
• Sapronov Timofey Vladimirovich (12.1922 - 1923) (1887-1937)
• Kiselev Alexey Semyonovich (1924 - 1937) (1879-1937)

Notes

see also

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See what "VTsIK" is in other dictionaries:

VTsIK- [vtsik], a, m. and unchanged, m. All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1917 1938). AGS, 81. ◘ Kamenev was removed from the post of Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Ya.M. Sverdlov was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. IKPSS, 233. All-Russian Central Executive Committee to the new, Stalinist ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies

See All-Russian Central Executive Committee. * * * VTsIK VTsIK, see All-Russian Central Executive Committee (see ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

See the All-Russian Central Executive Committee ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

VTsIK- All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Russian Federation Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M .: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 s ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

Vtsik- All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Soviet), the supreme legislative, administrative and controlling body of Russia in 1917-1937. He carried out both legislative and executive functions, was elected all-Russian ... ... Encyclopedia of Law

See All-Russian Central Executive Committee ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

M. All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1917 1938) ... Small Academic Dictionary

VTsIK- (All-Russian Central Executive Committee) the highest legislative, administrative and supervisory body of the state. authorities of the RSFSR in 1917-1937. He was elected by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and acted in the periods between congresses. Before education... Big Law Dictionary

VTsIK- - see the All-Russian Central Executive Committee ... Soviet legal dictionary

He was elected by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and acted in the periods between congresses, from 1918 to implement the decisions of the congress, he formed the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

general characteristics

The features of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee are characterized by its most important ideologist V. I. Lenin, noting that it "makes it possible to combine the benefits of parliamentarism with the benefits of direct and direct democracy, that is, to combine in the person of elected representatives of the people both the legislative function and the execution of laws."

During the formation of the state apparatus of the RSFSR, there was no clear division in the competence of state authorities. An important reason for this was that "the theory of the Soviet state, while denying the bourgeois principle of the division of power, recognized the need for a technical division of labor between the individual authorities of the Russian Soviet Republic."

The division of powers was formulated only by the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets in the Decree "On Soviet Construction". The publication of legislative acts, according to the document, was carried out by: the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars. By another resolution of the Congress of Soviets, the acts of the Council of Labor and Defense (STO) were recognized as mandatory for departments, regional and local bodies.

The multiplicity of legislative acts and, at times, duplication of functions was caused by the conditions of the civil war and foreign intervention, since this situation required increased efficiency in decision-making and the issuance of legislative acts. At the same time, the presence of a number of legislative bodies did not introduce conflicts into the legislative base of the RSFSR due to the clearly formulated responsibility of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee before the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee before the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Council of People's Commissars before the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

Compound

Elected on October 27 (November 9), 1917 at the Second Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee consisted of 101 people. Among them were 62 Bolsheviks, 29 Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, 6 Menshevik Internationalists, 3 Ukrainian Socialists and 1 Socialist-Revolutionary Maximalist.

In November 1917, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of Peasants' Deputies united. The united All-Russian Central Executive Committee included 108 members of the peasant Executive Committee: 82 Left SRs, 16 Bolsheviks, 3 Maximalist SRs, 1 Menshevik Internationalist, 1 anarchist and 5 "others". As a result, there were more Left Social Revolutionaries in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee than Bolsheviks.

According to a decision made back in June, 80 representatives of the army, 20 representatives of the navy and 50 representatives of trade unions were added to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. On November 25, the Bolsheviks again made up the majority of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

Legislative activity