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The image of Chichikov in the poem "Dead Souls": description of appearance and character in quotations The presentation was made by Pupils 9a Kharitonenkov, Senichkina, Kuznetsova.
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Chichikov's appearance Chichikov is a plump person: "... Chichikov's fullness and middle years..." "... round and decent shapes..." Chichikov uses cologne: "... sprayed himself with cologne..." ".. Finally he was dressed, sprinkled with cologne ... " Chichikov is not handsome, but with a pleasant appearance: "... of course, Chichikov is not the first handsome man, but he is such as a man should be, that if he were a little fatter or fuller, it wouldn't be good..." "... his pleasant appearance..." Chichikov likes his face: "... his face, which he sincerely loved and in which, as it seems, his chin was most attractive..."
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Chichikov's age is average: "... But our hero was already middle-aged ..." "... decent middle years ..." Chichikov comes from a simple and poor family: "... a man without a tribe and family!. ." (about himself Chichikov) Chichikov is an educated person: "... such a brilliant education, which, so to speak, is visible in every movement of yours ..." (Manilov about Chichikov) Chichikov is a reasonable and sedate person: "... How is he he was neither sedate and prudent..." "...forgetting his sedateness..." Chichikov is a restrained and well-mannered person: "...He did not even like to allow familiar treatment with him in any case, too high...
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Chichikov is a prudent person: "... of a prudently chilled character..." It is difficult to surprise Chichikov, because he has seen a lot in his life: "... He happened to see a lot of all kinds of people [...] but he has not yet I've seen..." (Chichikov sees Plyushkin) Chichikov is a sly man: "... No," Chichikov replied rather slyly, "he served as a civilian." Chichikov is an economical person: "... He himself decided to compose fortresses, write and rewrite, so as not to pay anything to clerks ..." (he draws up papers for the peasants) Chichikov is a neat and thrifty person: "... the letter was folded and packed in a box, next to some kind of poster and an invitation wedding card, which had been preserved for seven years in the same position and in the same place ... Chichikov has a strong and firm character: "... We must do justice to the irresistible strength of his character ..." "... the visitor had a strong character..." Chichikov is a charming, charming man: "... Chichikov with his charming qualities and techniques..." "... Our hero [...] charmed everyone..."
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Chichikov knows how to please others: "... who really knew the great secret to please ..." Chichikov deftly behaves in secular society: "... He easily and deftly exchanged pleasant words with some of the ladies ..." ".. .with rather dexterous turns to the right and left, he shuffled his foot right there ... " Chichikov is a pleasant and amiable person: "... The ladies [...] found in him a lot of amenities and courtesies ..." "... our charmer ... " Chichikov has a friendly voice: "... with the friendliness of his voice ..." Chichikov is a polite person: "... in polite deeds ..." Chichikov is a cold-blooded person: "... to feel any button, and all this was done with deadly composure, polite to the point of impossibility..." Chichikov is a prudent person: "... he is like a subtle person and acting for sure..." Chichikov is a very patient person: "... he showed patience, before which the wooden patience of a German is nothing..." Chichikov is incapable of love: "... it is even doubtful that gentlemen of this kind [...] are capable of love..."
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Chichikov is not a romantic. He treats women without tenderness: "... "Glorious grandmother! - He said, opening the snuffbox and sniffing tobacco ..." Chichikov is a purposeful person. He knows how to deny himself for the sake of a goal: "... As a child, he already knew how to deny himself everything ..." Chichikov is an efficient and insightful person: "... Such promptness, insight and insight was not only not seen, but not even heard..." (Customs service) Chichikov is a touchy person: "... He is a touchy person and is dissatisfied if people talk about him disrespectfully..." Chichikov knows the psychology of people well: "... the subtle twists of the mind, already too experienced, too knowledgeable of people ... " (about Chichikov's mind) Chichikov knows how to find an approach to each person: "... where he acted with pleasant turns, where with touching speech, where he smoked with flattery, in no case spoiling things, where put some money in..." Chichikov is not a virtuous and not highly moral person: "... he is not a hero, full of perfections and virtues, it can be seen ..." "... a virtuous person is still not taken as a hero ... "Chichikov -" acquirer ": "... Who is he? therefore, a scoundrel? [...] It is most fair to call him about: the owner, the acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; because of him
The poem "Dead Souls" is one of the most remarkable works of Russian literature. The great realist writer N.V. Gogol showed the whole of modern Russia, satirically depicting the local nobility and provincial bureaucracy. But in the poem there is also a completely new hero in Russian literature, a representative of the emerging class of "acquirers". In the image of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, Gogol brought to public view the features of the “knight of the penny”.
Chichikov at first glance gives the impression of a slippery, many-sided person. This is emphasized by appearance: “The gentleman was sitting in the britzka, not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat nor too thin, one cannot say that he was old, but not so that he was too young.”
Chichikov, like a chameleon, is constantly changing. He is able to give his face the right expression to seem like a pleasant conversationalist. Speaking with officials, the hero of the poem "very skillfully knew how to flatter everyone." Therefore, he quickly gains the necessary reputation in the city. Chichikov also finds a common language with the landowners, from whom he buys dead peasants. With Manilov, he looks like a particularly amiable and courteous person, which charms the owner. At Korobochka, Noz-tree, Sobakevich and Plyushkin, Chichikov behaves in accordance with the situation and knows how to find an approach to everyone. Only he did not catch Nozdryov in his nets. But this was Chichikov's only failure.
He uses all his ability to charm a person to achieve a result. And he has one goal - wealth, and for this Pavel Ivanovich is ready to be hypocritical, practicing for hours at the mirror. The main thing for him is money. The hero of the poem needs them not by themselves, but as a means of further accumulation. Even as a child, Chichikov well learned his father's order to please the bosses, to be friends "with those who are richer" and to save "penny". Father's words sunk into the boy's soul: "You will do everything and break everything in the world with a penny."
Possessing a great mind "from the side of practice," Chichikov began to save money at school, profiting from his comrades and being especially stingy. Already in those years, the soul of this “acquirer” manifested itself. By deceit, toadying, Chichikov fought his way through, stopping at nothing. He is cunning, robs the state, "inflates" his colleagues. Bribery becomes his element.
Gradually, Chichikov's scams gained more and more scope. From a modest clerk to a customs official, Gogol traces the path of his hero. By any means he seeks to increase the state. The hero immediately grabs the idea of buying "dead souls". Chichikov's entrepreneurial talent is not consistent with moral standards. There are no moral principles for him. Chichikov concludes with joy: “But now the time is convenient, not long ago there was an epidemic, the people died out, thank God, a lot.” On human grief, on other people's deaths, he builds his well-being.
Chichikov is the same product of time as Onegin or Pechorin. Belinsky wrote about this, noting that "Chichikov, as an acquirer, no less, if not more than Pechorin, is a hero of our time." This hero, with all the power of his skill, is shown by Gogol in the wonderful poem "Dead Souls", which has become an example of accusatory satire. The image of Chichikov should serve as a warning to those who are trying to get rich in any way, turning into a ruthless predator
The image of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is perhaps the most successful of Gogol's caricatures. The life story of only this character, who plays the main role in the poem "Dead Souls", is revealed by the author in great detail. To engage in such an artistic and comprehensive study of the writer was forced by the novelty of the character, for which he undertook.
Many features of the landowners of that time are combined by Pavel Ivanovich of the hero would not be complete without a description in the eleventh chapter of the conditions in which his formation took place.
As a legacy from an impoverished nobleman, Pavel Ivanovich inherited a little copper and an instruction to study well and please everyone, and save and save money. The absence of lofty words about debt in the will, he took literally. And life itself soon confirmed that these concepts do not lead to anything good (in his understanding). In the school, Pavlusha's knowledge, behavior, respectfulness only evoked approval and praise from the teachers, who set the boy as an example to other students. Having entered the state chamber after studying, he continues to please his boss, to show signs of attention to his daughter. The same behavior is typical for him in any situation. Chichikov quickly realized: in order to please a person, you need to talk with him about his interests, about topics close to him. Such behavior helps him to remain his own person in any society. Gradually, Pavel Ivanovich drowns out the still living soul, tries not to hear the quiet voice of conscience, builds his happiness on someone else's misfortune. And all this for their own benefit. The tools that Chichikov skillfully and actively uses are fraud and deceit, theft from the treasury, insult, bribery. Constant accumulation, acquisition become the meaning of life for the protagonist. And at the same time, Chichikov needs money not for their own sake. They serve as a means to achieve a good, prosperous life for his family. The image of Chichikov differs sharply from other characters in his determination and strength of character. He achieves his goal by any means, while showing extraordinary resourcefulness, resourcefulness, and perseverance.
Chichikov in the poem "Dead Souls" is not like everyone else in his activity, activity, enterprise. He is not characterized by the wandering in the clouds of Manilov and the naivete of Korobochka. He cannot be compared with the miser Plyushkin, but the careless waste of Nozdryov is also not for him. The enterprise of this hero is far from the efficiency of Sobakevich. All these qualities testify to the clear superiority of Pavel Ivanovich over other characters in the poem.
The image of Chichikov is incredibly multifaceted. It is very difficult to immediately unravel people like him, to understand what they really are. Chichikov managed to please most of the inhabitants of the city as soon as he appeared in it. He managed to present himself as a secular, developed and decent person. During the conversation, he finds an individual key to everyone in whom he is interested. His ostentatious benevolence is only a means to profitably use the high disposition of the right people. It costs nothing for Chichikov to reincarnate, change his behavior and at the same time not forget about his own goals. His ability to adapt to everyone is simply amazing. When Pavel Ivanovich bargains with Manilov, he shows delicacy, sensitivity and courtesy. But with Korobochka, on the contrary, he behaves assertively, rudely, impatiently. He understands that it is very easy to persuade Plyushkin, that it is necessary to speak with Sobakevich in a businesslike manner. The energy of the protagonist is tireless, but it is directed to low deeds.
The image of Chichikov is an example of a merchant and an entrepreneur, a man of a new type, whom Gogol defined as a vile, vile, "dead soul."
Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is the central character of Gogol's poem Dead Souls. The story about him runs through the entire work, and other characters are largely characterized precisely through their relationship with him. What role does the author assign to this character? “Readers should not be indignant at the author if the faces that have appeared until now have not come to their liking; this is Chichikov’s fault, here he is the complete master, and wherever he pleases, we must drag ourselves there.” It must be said that, although Chichikov occupies a very important place in the poem, it cannot be considered simply a description of the fate and all kinds of adventures of this hero. The writer did not reduce his work to the history of one or even several characters. He saw his task in characterizing the various phenomena of life in Russia, and the image of Chichikov reflects only a certain side of reality.
The plot of the poem is inextricably linked with the essence of the protagonist. Who could come up with such a crazy idea - to acquire dead souls in order to then make deals with them? Only to a person who eagerly strives to “acquire”, who does not imagine his existence outside of acquisition and who knows how to find any ways to become the owner of wealth. Chichikov indulges in any scam and speculation, if they promise him solid profits. Speculation with dead souls most clearly reveals the commercial, entrepreneurial warehouse of Chichikov's character. He admires not the one who has a high rank, but the one who owns significant capital.
It should be noted that Gogol reveals the image of Chichikov in a different way than the images of the rest of the heroes of the poem. After all, he could not characterize Chichikov through his attitude to serfdom and through a description of his way of life. Gogol shows this hero in action, in the process of bringing his ideas to life. Chichikov is perhaps the only character whose biography we learn in great detail, and such a selection is quite understandable.
After all, the owners of estates are something settled and inert, and Chichikov personifies a new beginning that is emerging in Russian life.
A characteristic feature of Chichikov is the incredible versatility of his nature (moreover, these facets often absolutely contradict each other). So, sociability and constant interest in people are combined in him with extreme isolation, and external charm - with shameless predation. Gogol emphasizes that people like Chichikov are not easy to unravel. Chichikov has a peculiar talent for being an opportunist. Finding himself in any new environment, in any environment, he immediately becomes “his”, a close person. He seems streamlined even outwardly: “There was a gentleman sitting in the britzka, not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat nor too thin; one cannot say that he is old, but it is not so that he is too young.” Appearing in the provincial town under the guise of a landowner, Chichikov very quickly enters the “chosen society” and wins universal sympathy. He knows how to show himself as a secular and diversified person. He can support any conversation and at the same time speaks “neither loudly nor quietly, but exactly as it should. In a word, wherever you turn, he was a very decent person. To each person in which Chichikov is interested, he knows how to find his own, special, approach. He masterfully plays on the weak strings of a person, seeking the location and sympathy of a wide variety of people. Chichikov very easily “reincarnates”, changes his behavior, but at the same time he never forgets about his goals. In a conversation with Manilov, he looks almost exactly like Manilov himself. He is just as gallant and courteous, just as sensitive as his new friend. Chichikov knows perfectly well how he can make a strong impression on Manilov, and therefore does not skimp on all kinds of confessions and spiritual outpourings.
However, when talking with Korobochka, Chichikov does not show any particular gallantry or softness of mind. He quickly deciphers the essence of her character and therefore conducts himself in a cheeky and unceremonious manner. You can’t get through the box with delicacy, and Chichikov, after long attempts to reason with her, “went completely beyond the boundaries of any patience, hit the floor with a chair in his hearts and promised the devil to her.”
When meeting with Nozdryov, Chichikov flexibly adapts to his unbridled demeanor. Nozdryov recognizes only “friendly” relations, and Chichikov behaves as if they were old, bosom buddies. Nozdryov speaks to him on "you", and Chichikov answers him in the same way. When Nozdryov boasts, Chichikov keeps quiet, giving the other the right to express doubts about this. However, he is vigilantly careful not to fall into the networks of the Noz-dreev, who is clearly going to trick him.
When meeting Sobakevich, Chichikov's "directness" and "spontaneity" completely disappear. Sobakevichians are also touched by discussions on lofty topics. And then Chichikov enters into a gambling bargain with him, in which each seeks to outdo the other. With the businessman Sobakevich, Chichikov shows himself to be an experienced businessman who knows all sorts of methods of influencing a partner. “You can’t knock him down, stubborn!” Sobakevich thinks to himself.
Chichikov has a different approach to Plushkin: he plays the role of a generous well-wisher who wants to help a lonely and defenseless old man.
Chichikov's ability to reincarnate is based on his extraordinary resourcefulness and energy. Behind the outer softness and grace lies a prudent and predatory nature. Chichikov does not recognize anything and does not believe in anything except money. While flaunting his benevolence towards people, he is only interested in taking advantage of their location. Chichikov completely lacks any moral principles, the meanness of his nature is boundless.
Comparing Chichikov with the owners of serf souls, Gogol clearly shows those new features that could only form outside the atmosphere of a manor estate. This is extraordinary vital tenacity, adaptability and energy. Chichikov is alien to the daydreaming of Manilov and the primitive innocence of Korobochka. He does not waste time on trifles, like Plyushkin, but he is not prone to careless revelry, like Nozdryov. His enterprise is not like the rough and straightforward efficiency of Sobakevich. All this speaks of his clear superiority. However, the activity of Chichikov is compared by Gogol not only with the life of the landowners, but also with the life of the country. Like the inhabitants of the estates, Chichikov is not at all concerned about social problems. He is completely indifferent to what does not concern himself, does not affect his interests. He does not feel like a “citizen of his land”, to whom her fate is close and dear.
Tasks and tests on the topic "Chichikov and his role in N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls."
- Spelling - Important topics for repeating the exam in the Russian language
Lessons: 5 Assignments: 7
The poem Dead Souls is one of the most famous works of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. The key character in it is the adventurer Chichikov. The image of the protagonist masterfully written by the author often becomes the subject of discussion both by professional critics and ordinary readers. To understand why this character deserves such attention, you need to turn to the plot of the work.
The work tells about a official named Chichikov. This man really wanted to get rich and gain weight in society. He decided to achieve his goal by buying up the so-called dead souls, that is, serfs who are owned by the landlord on paper, although in fact they are no longer alive. Both the seller and the buyer benefited from this. Chichikov thus acquired fictitious property, on the security of which he could take a loan from a bank, and the landowner was released from the obligation to pay taxes for a dead peasant.
The work is mandatory studied at school. In literature classes, students are often asked to write an essay on the topic: Dead Souls. The image of Chichikov. Of course, in order to write a competent work, you need to carefully read the original source and form your own idea of \u200b\u200bits main character. But if for some reason this is not possible, you can find detailed information about the character. This information will be useful when writing an essay, compiling comparative tables for different characters, or preparing a presentation.
Text analysis allows you to reveal all the main features image Chichikov in the poem Dead Souls. A brief summary of the actions and deeds of the character, revealing his nature, begins with an acquaintance with Chichikov.
Briefly, the author described the appearance of the hero already at the beginning of the work. Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is in some way an ordinary character who may meet in any historical era and in any geographical point. There is nothing remarkable in his portrait:
- his appearance is not beautiful, but not ugly either;
- the physique is neither full nor thin;
- he is no longer young, but not yet old.
Thus, in all respects, this venerable collegiate adviser maintains a “golden mean”.
The arrival of the character in "city N"
Chichikov starts your adventure from arrival in a city not named by the author. An intelligent man, who is also characterized by hypocrisy, he begins his activity by paying visits to the following officials:
- the prosecutor;
- governor and family
- lieutenant governor;
- the chief of police;
- the chairman of the chamber.
Of course, under such behavior of Peter Ivanovich, a subtle calculation was visible. The hero's intentions are well revealed by his own quote: "Have no money, have good people to convert."
Get the location of those who had the rank and influence in the city, it was very useful for the implementation of the plan. And he did it perfectly. Chichikov knew how to impress the people he needed. Belittling his dignity and showing his insignificance in every possible way, he demonstrated impeccable speech manners, made skillful compliments to the rulers: he admired the success of their activities and called them such unjustifiably high titles as “Your Excellency”. He spoke a little about himself, but from his story one could conclude that he had to go through an exceptionally difficult life path and experience a lot for his own honesty and justice.
They began to call him to receptions, where he maintained a favorable first impression of himself by the ability to take part in a conversation on any topic. At the same time, he behaved very decently and showed extensive knowledge about the subject of conversation. His speech was meaningful, his voice was neither quiet nor loud.
At this moment, one can already catch a hint that this integrity is only a mask under which lies true character and aspirations of the hero. Chichikov divides all people into fat and thin. At the same time, the thick ones have a strong position in this world, while the thin ones only serve as executors of other people's orders. The protagonist himself, of course, belongs to the first category, because he intends to firmly take his place in life. The author himself speaks about this, and this information begins to reveal another, true face of the character.
Start of activity
Chichikov begins his scam with an offer to buy non-existent peasants from the landowner Manilov. The master, burdened by the need to pay taxes for the dead servants, gave them away for nothing, although he was surprised at the unusual deal. In this episode, the main character is revealed as an easily addicted person who can quickly turn his head with success.
Deciding that the activity he invented is safe, he goes to a new deal. His path lies to a certain Sobakevich, but the long road forces the hero to make a stop at the landowner Korobochka. As a quick-witted person, he does not waste time there either, acquiring almost two dozen more coveted dead souls.
Only after escaping from Korobochka, he gets to visit Nozdryov. The main feature of this man was the desire to spoil the life of everyone around him. But Chichikov did not immediately understand this and inadvertently decided to try his luck in a deal with this landowner as well. Nozdryov led the swindler by the nose for a long time. He agreed to sell souls only together with real goods, for example, a horse, or offered to win them in dominoes, but in the end, Pyotr Ivanovich was left with nothing. This meeting showed that the hero of the poem is a frivolous person, unable to calculate his own actions.
Chichikov finally got to Sobakevich and outlined his proposal to him. However, the landowner was no less cunning than the buyer. His benefits he didn't want to miss out. Guessing that the actions of Pyotr Ivanovich were not entirely legal, he skillfully played on this, inflating the price of non-existent peasants. This made Chichikov very tired, but he showed determination. Ultimately, the seller and the buyer found a compromise, and the deal was made.
While Sobakevich was bargaining, he said a few words about a certain Plyushkin, and the hero followed to visit this landowner. The economy of the master did not cause positive emotions in the arrival. Everything there was in disrepair, and the owner himself had a dirty, untidy appearance. The landowner was not poor, but turned out to be a real miser. All money and things of any value, he kept hidden in chests. The painful stinginess of this character, whose name has become a household name, helped Chichikov make a good deal. Plyushkin was wary of this sale, but he was pleased to be able to get rid of the need to pay taxes on dead peasants.
At first glance, Plyushkin did not play a big role in the plot of the work, but if we compare this character with the main character, there is something in common between them. Being a landowner and a nobleman, they were supposed to be a support for the state and an example to follow, while in reality both turned out to be useless people for society, seeking to fill their pockets.
Trying to leave the city
Be that as it may, but after the deal with Plushkin, Chichikov reached his goal and no longer saw the need to stay in the city. In an effort to leave him as soon as possible, he went to court to certify the authenticity of the documents. But this procedure required time, which he gladly spent at receptions and surrounded by ladies interested in him.
However, the triumph turned into a failure. Nozdryov hastened to expose Chichikov's scam. This message caused quite a commotion in the city. The guest accepted everywhere suddenly became unwelcome.
Throughout the story, the reader, although he understands the dubious good intentions of the actions of the protagonist, does not yet know his full story, according to which a final opinion about Chichikov could be formed. The author tells about the origin and upbringing of the hero, as well as the events preceding his arrival in the "city N", in chapter 11.
The hero grew up in a poor family. Although they belonged to the high class of the nobility, they had very few serfs at their disposal. The childhood of Pavel Ivanovich was overshadowed by the absence of friends and acquaintances. When the child grew up a little, his father sent him to school. Parting with his son did not upset Ivan, but in parting he gave Pavel one order. The instruction spoke of the need to learn and win the favor of those who are higher in position. The head of the family called money the most valuable and reliable thing that should be protected.
Chichikov followed this advice all his life. He did not have good learning abilities, but he quickly figured out how to earn the love of teachers. Quiet and meek behavior allowed him to get a good certificate, but after graduating from college, he showed his unsightly quality. His face was revealed when one of the mentors who loved him fell into an extremely difficult financial situation. For the almost starving teacher, classmates-hooligans collected money, while the diligent Chichikov sparingly allocated an insignificant amount.
Meanwhile, the father of the protagonist died, leaving behind a miserable legacy. Chichikov, who is not stingy by nature, is forced to starve and look for ways to earn money. He is hired and tries to work honestly, but soon realizes that such work will not bring him the desired wealth with a luxurious house, a carriage with a coachman and expensive entertainment.
Wanting to get promoted, he wooed his boss by marrying his daughter. But as soon as the goal was achieved, he did not need a family. While Chichikov was advancing in the service, there was a change of leadership. Despite all efforts, the hero could not find a common language with the new leader and was forced to look for other ways to obtain material wealth.
The luck of becoming a customs officer smiled at the hero in the next city. But he decided to improve his financial situation with bribes, for which he soon appeared before the court. Always striving to please those in power, Chichikov had some connections that allowed him to escape punishment for a crime.
His nature was such that he turned this discrediting episode of his life into a story about how he innocently suffered in the service.
Unfortunately, one can judge such a curious character as Chichikov only by the first volume. The second part of the work was burned by the author himself, and he never started the third. According to the surviving sketches and drafts, it is known that the hero tried to continue his fraudulent activities. It is not known how the poem would end, but the talentedly created image is still relevant. After all, to this day on the path of life you can meet such a person as Chichikov.
Description of the hero by critics
Critics, for the most part deservedly those who appreciated the poem noted this grasp and the fraudulent nature of the character. Experts made the following judgments about the hero:
- V. G. Belinsky called him a real hero of the modern era, striving to acquire wealth, without which it was impossible to succeed in the emerging capitalist society. People like him bought stocks or collected donations for charity, but they all had this desire in common.
- K. S. Aksakov ignored the moral qualities of the hero, only noted his roguery. For this criticism, the main thing was that Chichikov was a truly Russian person.
- A. I. Herzen characterized the hero as the only active person, whose efforts in the end still cost little, as they were limited to fraud.
- V. G. Marantsman, on the other hand, saw in the hero himself a “dead soul”, full of negative qualities and devoid of morality.
- P. L. Weil and A. A. Genis saw in Chichikov a “little man”, that is, an ingenuous rogue, whose activities were neither smart nor large-scale.
The final image of Chichikov is ambiguous. This clearly intelligent person sets goals for himself to arrange his own life, but each time he chooses the wrong means for this. His ebullient activity and determination could have brought him prosperity for a long time, but the thirst for wealth and luxury, inaccessible to him in childhood, pushes him to commit crimes and fraud.
