Science
Art
3) education.
Creativity
3) Education involves:
Obtaining knowledge about the world, society, man.
Creation of new knowledge
Assimilation of ethical norms and values
Learning from someone else's experience
4) Humanization of education is:
Refusal to give low marks
Free attendance at schools
Greater attention to individual personality traits.
Reducing the teaching load
5) The education system is regulated by:
State. 3) Social group
Society 4) Individuals
6) A person receives education as a result of:
Adaptations 3) Growing up
Socialization. 4) Aging
Essay
1) Essay "Learning is fashionable!"
2) Essay "Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness!"
3) "Knowledge opens doors for us, but we must enter them ourselves." (D.S. Likhachev)
4) “First of all, teach yourself, then you will learn something from others” (J.W. Goethe).
“The illiterate in the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn.” (E. Toffler)
“... without the full assimilation of traditional literacy, computer literacy cannot be used to its full potential, a person turns into a computer.” (I.A. Negodaev)
Religion
philosophy
Plan:
1. Religion, concept
2. Problems of the origin of religion
2.1. Theological-technological approach
2.2. materialistic approach
3. Signs of religion
3.1. belief in the supernatural
3.2. organization. worship of higher powers
3.3. the desire to harmonize life with the requirements of the unconditional beginning (God)
4. The structure of religion
4.1. religious consciousness
4.2. religious cult
4.3. religious organization
5. Early Forms of Religion
5.1. totemism
5.2. animism
5.3. fetishism
6. World religions
6.1. Buddhism
6.2. Christianity
7. Functions of religion
7.1. ideological
7.2. therapeutic
7.3. communicative
7.4. regulatory
7.5. cultural
7.6. integration
8. The role of religion in the life of man and society
Concepts
Religion(from the Latin religio - shrine, piety, object of worship) - an inner conviction in the existence of a supernatural higher power - God (or gods), which is the object of worship.
Cult(from the Latin cultus - cultivation, care, reverence, worship) - a system of established religious activities associated with the relationship to the supernatural.
Magic- belief in the existence of supernatural connections and relations of a person with things, animals, spirits, established with the help of a certain type of religious activity with the aim of a desirable impact on the world around
Fetishism- worship of inanimate objects: figurines, amulets, etc.
totemism- worship of an animal or plant as one's mythical ancestor and protector
Animism- belief in spirits and souls that exist in objects and independently of them (for example, the spirits of mountains, rivers, lakes or stone, wood, etc.)
Eschatology - religious doctrine of the end of the world, the death of this world. E. has become widespread in Christianity and Judaism.
Sacral- a term denoting everything that relates to religious faith, a religious cult. Synonyms: ritual, traditional.
Scheme
Workshop
1 Write down the word missing in the diagram:
Essay
Art
Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy, cultural studies
Plan:
1. Art as a special form of spiritual culture.
2. The main stages in the development of art in history
3. Characteristic signs of art:
3.1. irrationalism;
3.2. symbolism;
3.3. subjectivism;
3.4. imagery
3.5. visibility.
4. The most important functions of art:
4.1. hedonistic (gives a person joy);
4.2. compensatory (replenishes a person's dissatisfaction with real life);
4.3. communicative (is a means of communication in the space of culture);
4.4. aesthetic (transformation of the world based on beauty);
4.5. educational (formation of moral and aesthetic qualities of a person);
4.6. cognitive (forms an artistic, aesthetic picture of the world).
5. Main arts:
5.1. by type of funds used:
5.1.1. the art of the word (literature);
5.1.2. the art of sound (music);
5.1.3. the art of color (painting);
5.1.4. the art of gesture (dance, pantomime);
5.2. by the amount of funds used
5.2.1. simple (painting, sculpture, poetry, music)
5.2.2. complex, or synthetic (ballet, theater, cinema);
5.3. according to the ratio of works of art and reality
5.3.1. fine (realistic painting, sculpture, photography)
5.3.2. expressive (ornament, music);
5.4. in relation to space and time
5.4.1. spatial (fine arts, sculpture, architecture),
5.4.2. temporary (literature, music)
5.4.3. spatio-temporal (theatre, cinema);
5.5. by time of occurrence
5.5.1. traditional (poetry, dance, music)
5.5.2. new (photography, film, television, video)
5.6. according to the degree of applicability in everyday life
5.6.1. applied (arts and crafts)
5.6.2. graceful (music, dance).
6. Universal and national in the development of art.
7. The role of art in the modern world
Concepts
Art- a specific form of social consciousness and human activity, which is a reflection of the surrounding reality in artistic images.
Syncretism- a combination or merger of "incomparable" ways of thinking and views, forming a conditional unity.
Renaissance- an era of world significance in the history of European culture, which replaced the Middle Ages and preceded the Enlightenment. Impressionism- a trend in art of the last third of the 19th - early 20th centuries, which originated in France and then spread throughout the world, whose representatives sought to develop methods and techniques that made it possible to most naturally and vividly capture the real world in its mobility and variability, to convey their fleeting impressions. Aesthetics- a philosophical doctrine of the essence and forms of beauty in art, in nature and in life, about art as a special form of social consciousness.
Irrationalism- a philosophical doctrine that asserts the impossibility of knowing reality only by scientific methods, assuming the existence of areas of worldview that are inaccessible to the mind, focuses on the intuitive-emotional way of understanding reality
Symbolism- a direction in art or the presence of fiction and convention.
Subjectivism- a worldview position that ignores an objective approach to reality or a feature of art, suggesting that it always bears the imprint of the artist's personality.
visibility- the ability to be easily perceived visually.
Imagery- the presence of fiction and conventions ; art is not meant to be an exact copy of life: through art, a person plunges into the world of artistic images, but at the same time, he is always aware of this illusory nature and conventionality.
Workshop
1 Choose the correct judgments about art and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Art affects the worldview of the individual.
2) Art makes it possible to theoretically explain social phenomena.
3) Works of art help a person to restore spiritual harmony, to realize creative potential.
4) Art helps to draw public attention to social and moral problems.
5) The role of art is manifested in opposition to scientific concepts.
2 Illustrate with three examples the implementation of the educational function of art. (Examples should be related to various art forms.)
3 Below is a list of features. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the characteristics of art.
1) imagery; 2) awakening of fantasy and imagination; 3) reliability and verifiability of the results; 4) focus on obtaining objective truth; 5) emotional perception; 6) visibility.
Find two characteristics that "drop out" of the general series, and write down
in the table the numbers under which they are indicated.
4 Write down the missing word in the table.
Characteristics of the forms of spiritual culture
5 Are the following judgments about art correct?
A. Art reflects the world in artistic images.
B. Art orients people in the system of aesthetic values.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
6 Unlike science, art
1) affirms the value of subjective figurative perception of the world
2) helps to understand the world around
3) establishes the laws of development of nature and society
7 Are the following judgments about spiritual culture correct?
A. Spiritual culture is a kind of integrity of art, science, morality and religion.
B. Within the framework of a certain historical epoch, different cultures have always existed in the world.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
8 Art, unlike other forms of spiritual culture,
1) affirms the value of an aesthetic attitude to the world
2) creates a certain stock of knowledge about the world
3) forms a picture of the world
4) reflects reality in terms
9 Required for artistic creation
1) the desire for an accurate reflection of reality
2) the simplicity of the form of the work
3) the validity of the applied methods
4) the use of figurative and symbolic means
10 Are the following judgments about art as a form (sphere) of spiritual culture correct?
A. The artistic image in art is an important element in understanding the world.
B. Artistic works are always only the result of fiction, they reflect the inner world of the artist and are not connected with reality.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
Essay
“Art should teach to love virtue and hate vice” (D. Diderot).
Morality
Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy, ethics
Plan:
1. The concept of morality
2. Development of moral standards
2.2. customs
2.3. traditions
2.4. moral standards
3. Functions of morality:
3.1. educational
3.2. regulatory
3.3. stabilizing
4. Features of morality:
4.1. Support for the general population
4.2. Development over several hundred years
5. The basis of morality is universal moral norms and values:
5.1. "golden rule" of morality;
5.2.1. good and evil;
5.2.2. duty and conscience;
5.2.3. justice;
5.2.4. honor and dignity;
5.2.5. happiness.
5.3. principles and norms of morality.
6. The ratio of morality and morality
7. Correlation between law and morality
Ethics as the science of morality
8. Morality in the modern world.
Concepts
Morality(from the Latin moralis - moral; mores - morals) is one of the ways of normative regulation of human behavior, a special form of social consciousness and a type of social relations.
Hedonism- a way of justifying morality, the main purpose of which is to obtain pleasure and avoid suffering. As a moral principle, G. prescribes to people the desire for earthly joys.
Taboo- a concept associated with primitive culture and denoting a strict categorical prohibition on specially selected objects, actions and words, the violation of which entails severe punishment from the collective.
Cynicism- a moral quality that characterizes a contemptuous attitude to the culture of society, to its spiritual and moral values.
Euthanasia- a term denoting the painless bringing of a hopelessly ill person to death.
Scheme
Workshop
Essay
"The greatness of a great man is found in the way he treats small people." (T. Carlyle).
1.16. concept of social progress
Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy
Plan:
1. Different views on the direction of social development
1.1. Plato, Aristotle, J. Vico, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee - movement along certain steps within a closed cycle, i.e. theory of historical circulation.
1.2. Religious currents - the predominance of regression in many areas of society.
1.3. French enlighteners - continuous renewal, improvement of all aspects of society.
1.4. Modern researchers - positive changes in some areas of society can be combined with stagnation and regression in others, i.e. conclusion about the inconsistency of progress.
2. The concept of progress and regress.
2.1. progress
2.2. regression
3. Forms of social progress
3.1. reform
3.2. revolution
4. Traditional criteria for progress:
4.1. development of the human mind
4.2. improvement of people's morality
4.3. progress of science and technology
4.4. development of productive forces, including man himself
4.5. an increase in the degree of freedom that society can provide an individual
5. Relativity of progress
6. Inconsistency of progress
7. Humanistic criteria for progress:
7.1. average human lifespan,
7.2. child and maternal mortality, health status,
7.3. the level of education,
7.4. development of various spheres of culture,
7.5. feeling of satisfaction with life
7.6. degree of respect for human rights,
7.7. relationship with nature, etc.
8. Social revolution - as a special form of social change.
Concepts
Progress(from lat. progressus - moving forward, success) - a type of development from lower to higher, from simple to more complex, moving forward to more perfect.
Regression(from lat. regressus - reverse movement) - the type of development from higher to lower, degradation processes, lowering the level of organization, loss of the ability to perform certain functions.
Revolution- this is a complete or complex change in all or most aspects of public life, affecting the foundations of the existing social order.
Reform- this is a transformation, reorganization, a change in any aspect of social life that does not destroy the foundations of the existing social structure, leaving power in the hands of the former ruling class.
Scheme
Workshop
1. The dynamism of society as a system is reflected in
1) the presence of a connection with the natural environment
2) sets of institutions and subsystems
3) the ability to progress
4) the presence of public relations
2. With the help of such a criterion of social development as the success of science and technology, one can show the progressive character
1) the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861
2) the spread of information technology in modern society
3) elimination of class privileges
4) treaties on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons
3. Illustrate any three criteria for social progress with examples. In each case, first state the criterion and then give an example.
4. Write down the word missing in the diagram.
5. Reform, unlike other forms of social change,
1) affects all spheres of public life
2) usually carried out by the authorities
3) represents a sharp qualitative change
4) involves a radical renewal of social relations
6. Are the following judgments about social progress correct?
A. Sources of progress can be human desire for knowledge, technical improvements or social contradictions.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
7. Give two manifestations of the inconsistency of social progress. Illustrate each of them with an example.
8. The problem of social responsibility of scientists has become particularly acute, since
1) scientists have made discoveries that have unpredictable consequences
2) science has lost its importance in society
3) society has completely lost control over the activities of scientists
4) the state increases funding for science
9. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.
Choose from the proposed list of words (phrases) that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
“The social system is constantly changing: new elements appear, old ones become more complex or disappear. There are two forms of __________ (A): evolution and revolution. Scientists call __________ (B) the gradual process of the emergence of increasingly complex social formations. In the process of __________ (C), the social system is in an unstable state, the balance of social forces is disturbed.
An important question is about __________ (D) social changes and the factors that cause them. The idea that changes in the world occur in the direction from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect, gave rise to the idea of __________ (D).
As a result of this social phenomenon, society is moving to a higher level of material __________ (E) and spiritual development.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
2) social change
3) process
4) needs
5) evolution
6) information
7) social progress
8) social revolution
9) welfare
10. Are the following judgments about the forms of social development correct?
A. Reforms always take place "from above", carried out by the government.
B. The revolution presupposes dramatic qualitative changes in various spheres of social life.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
Essay
"Revolution is a barbaric form of progress." (J. Jaures)
“Humanity has no purpose, no idea, no plan, just as there is no purpose for a species of butterfly or orchid. (O. Spengler)
“The progress of technology endows us with ever more perfect means for moving backwards” (O. Huxley).
"Modern civilization: the exchange of values for convenience" (S. Lem).
“We were civilized enough to build a machine, but too primitive to use it” (K. Kraus).
“There is no progress without struggle” (F. Douglas).
1.17. Multivariate social development
(types of societies)
Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy
Plan:
1. Definition of society in the narrow and broad sense
2. Sources of multivariance and driving forces for the development of society
- transformational activity of people
- natural and climatic conditions
-prominent figures
3. Classification of types of societies
3.1. According to the presence of writing
3.1.1. Written
3.1.2. preliterate
3.2. By level of complexity (levels of control and degree of stratification)
3.2.1. Simple
3.2.2. Complex
3.3. According to K. Marx (formations)
3.3.1. primeval
3.3.2. slaveholding
3.3.3. feudal
3.3.4. capitalist
3.3.5. communist
3.4. According to W. Rostow
3.4.1. Traditional (agricultural)
3.4.2. Transitional
3.4.3. Shear stage
3.4.4. maturity stage
3.4.5. Society of High Mass Consumption
3.5. According to D. Bell, A. Toffler
3.5.1. pre-industrial
3.5.2. Industrial
3.5.3. post-industrial
4. Traditional society and its features
4.1. The concept of traditional society
4.2. Characteristic features of traditional societies:
4.2.1. agrarian nature of the economy;
4.2.2. fusion of power and property;
4.2.3. the patriarchal nature of society and the state;
4.2.4. the predominance of collectivist forms of social consciousness;
4.2.5. low rates of social change and social mobility.
4.3. The main varieties of traditional societies:
4.3.1. societies of the ancient medieval East;
4.3.2. ancient societies of Greece and Rome;
4.3.3. medieval feudal society in Western Europe;
4.3.4. Old Russian and medieval Russian society.
4.4. The specifics of the social stratification of traditional societies:
4.4.1. caste or estate system;
4.4.2. predominance of prescribed statuses;
4.4.3. church and army as the most important social elevators;
4.4.4. limited ability of the individual to change his status.
4.5. Preservation of elements of traditional societies in the modern era.
5. Industrial society -
5.1. The concept of an industrial society
5.2. Signs of an industrial society
5.2.1. urbanization;
5.2.2. industrialization;
5.2.3. class division of society;
5.2.4. class antagonism;
5.2.5. the transfer of power into the hands of the owners;
5.2.6. representative democracy;
5.2.7. relatively low social mobility.
5.3. New Industrial Society (Galbraith)
5.3.1. system of large corporations (monopolization of the economy)
5.3.2. a significant increase in the economic activity of the state
5.3.3. planned nature of the economy
5.3.4. the process of merging the "industrial system" with the state (technocracy)
5.3.5. "deproletarianization" of the working class
5.4. The future of industrial society.
6. Information (post-industrial) society and its features
6.1. The concept of the information society
6.2. Prerequisites for the birth of the information society:
6.2.1. scientific and technological revolution;
6.2.2. formation of a new scientific picture of the world;
6.2.3. microprocessor revolution.
6.3. Characteristic features of the information society:
6.3.1. priority development of the sphere of high technologies and services;
6.3.2. development of electronic means of mass communications;
6.3.3. the use of artificial intelligence in all spheres of society and human life;
6.3.4. recognition of the priority of human rights and freedoms.
6.3.5. change in the social structure of society.
6.4. The contradictory nature of the information civilization:
6.4.1. displacement of a person from a number of spheres;
6.4.2. increased dependence of a person on a personal computer;
6.4.3. involvement of a person in the world of virtual contacts and communication;
6.4.4. deepening the separation of man from the natural environment.
6.5. Prospects for the development of post-industrial society.
Concepts
Socio-economic formation(from lat. formatio - education, type) - this is a society that is at a certain stage of historical development, taken in the unity of all its sides, with its own mode of production, economic system and a superstructure towering above it
traditional society- this is a concept denoting a set of societies, social structures, standing at different stages of development and not possessing a mature industrial complex. The determining factor in the development of such societies is agriculture.
industrial society- a society characterized by a developed and complex system of division of labor with a high degree of specialization, mass production of goods, automation of production and management, widespread innovation in production and people's lives. Thus, the determining factor in the development of an industrial society is industry.
post-industrial society is a society, in the economy
which, as a result of the scientific and technological revolution and a significant increase in the income of the population, the priority has shifted from the predominant production of goods to the production of services
Scheme
| comparison lines | Traditional (pre-industrial) | Industrial | Post-industrial (informational) |
| Main factor of production | Earth | Capital | Knowledge |
| Main production product | Food | industrial products | Services |
| Characteristic features of production | Manual labor | Wide application of mechanisms, technologies | Automation of production, computerization of society |
| The nature of labor | individual labor | Predominantly standard activity | A sharp increase in creativity in work |
| Employment | Agriculture - about 75% | Agriculture - about 10%, industry - 85% | Agriculture - up to 3%, industry - about 33%, services - about 66% |
| Main type of export | Raw material | Production products | Services |
| social structure | Estates, classes, the inclusion of everyone in the team; isolation of social structures; low social mobility | class division; simplification of the social structure; mobility and openness of social structures | Preservation of social differentiation; the growth of the middle class; professional differentiation depending on the level of knowledge, qualifications |
| Lifespan | 40-50 years old | Over 70 years | Over 70 years |
| Human impact on nature | Local, uncontrolled | Global, out of control | Global, controlled |
| Interaction with other countries | Insignificant | Close relationship | Society openness |
| Political life | The predominance of monarchical forms of government; no political freedoms; power is above the law, it does not need justification; combination of self-governing communities and traditional empires | Proclamation of political freedoms, equality before the law, democratic reforms; power is not taken for granted, it is required to justify the right to leadership | Political pluralism, strong civil society; the emergence of a new form of democracy - "consensus democracy" |
| Spiritual life | Traditional religious values dominate; homogeneous nature of culture; oral transmission of information prevails; a small number of educated people; fight against illiteracy | New values of progress, personal success, faith in science are affirmed; mass culture emerges and occupies a leading position; training of specialists | The special role of science, education; development of individualized consciousness; continuous image |
Workshop
1. Establish a correspondence between the distinctive features and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
FEATURES
A) mass production of consumer goods
B) promotion of the service sector
C) the predominance of subsistence farming
D) the leading role of information in the life of society
D) the emergence of mass culture
TYPES OF COMPANIES
1) traditional (agrarian) society
2) industrial society
3) post-industrial society
2. Country Z is dominated by subsistence farming. What other signs of the above indicate that country Z is developing as a traditional society? write down numbers under which they are listed.
1) Oral information prevails over written information.
2) There is a rapid growth of the urban population.
3) Extensive technologies and hand tools prevail.
4) The main social units are the community and the family.
5) Scientific knowledge is widely disseminated.
6) The infrastructure is developing intensively.
3. Information technology is the most important factor of production in country Z. What other signs of the above indicate that country Z is developing as a post-industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Public interactions are regulated by the social norms existing in the country.
2) One of the dominant sectors of production in the country is the service sector.
3) Extensive farming methods prevail.
4) Natural factors influence the development of society.
5) Science-intensive, resource-saving technologies receive the greatest development.
6) There is a widespread introduction of computer technology in various areas of society.
4. The basis of the economy in country Z is microelectronics, telecommunications, robotics, the production of materials with predetermined properties, biotechnology, etc. More and more able-bodied population finds work in the service sector. What type of society is formed
in country Z? Name any three signs corresponding to this type of society that are not mentioned in the text of the task.
5. In country Z, the urban population is growing faster than the rural population. What other signs indicate that country Z is developing as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The state guaranteed the personal freedom of citizens and creates conditions for the self-realization of the individual.
2) There is a formation of a class social structure.
3) Religious organizations play a key role in public life.
4) Natural exchange (barter) prevails.
5) There was a mechanization of production.
6) Production is concentrated in large enterprises,
in industrial areas.
6. It is common for a traditional society
1) dominance of the partner type family
2) the predominance of community relations
3) the predominance of serial production of products
4) implementation of the scientific and technological revolution
7. Which of the above features characterizes an industrial society?
1) the leading role of agriculture
2) the predominance of industry
3) a weak level of division of labor
4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
8. Are the following judgments about the types of society correct?
A. During the period of industrial society, the industrial revolution took place.
B. In a post-industrial society, a person is valued primarily as a representative of a tribal or ethnic community.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
9. Write down the word missing in the table.
10. In country Z, individualization of mass serial production is taking place, conditions are being created for continuous education. Which
other signs indicate that country Z is developing as a post-industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Natural factors influence the development of society.
2) Extensive farming methods prevail.
3) There is a widespread introduction of computer technology in various areas of life.
4) Legal mechanisms for the regulation of social relations are used.
5) The structure of the economy is dominated by the service sector.
6) Science-intensive, resource-saving technologies receive the greatest development.
Essay
“A civilized society is like a child who has received too many toys for his birthday” (D. Thomson).
“In an immoral society, all inventions that increase the power of man over nature are not only not good, but an undeniable and obvious evil” (L. N. Tolstoy).
1.18. Threats of the 21st century (global problems)
Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy
Plan:
1. The process of globalization and its contradictions
1.1. The concept of globalization.
1.2. Manifestations of globalization in various spheres of modern society:
1.2.1. economic globalization (formation of a single world market, single supranational financial centers (World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization));
1.2.2. political globalization (formation of supranational political decision-making centers (UN, G8, European Union), formation of common standards of democratic institutions);
1.2.3. social globalization (expansion of the circle of communication, formation of network social communities, rapprochement between countries and peoples);
1.2.4. globalization in the spiritual sphere (spread of mass culture, common cultural standards).
1.3. Main positive consequences of globalization.
Tatyana Karabina
Socialization is the process of familiarization with the values and norms accepted in society.
A child brought up in a family where parents are personal models for him receives training for subsequent social roles: women or men, wife or husband, mother or father. In addition, it is quite strong social pressure. Children are usually praised for their sex-appropriate behavior and blamed for acts of the opposite sex. Proper sexual education of the child, the formation of feelings accessories to their gender constitute one of the foundations for the further development of their personality. Parents - the first educators have the strongest influence on children. More J.-J. Rousseau argued that each subsequent educator has less influence on the child than the previous one. Parents are previous to everyone the rest: kindergarten teacher, primary school teacher and subject teachers. They are given by nature the advantage in the upbringing of children. From the first days after birth, when the child is still helpless and needs elementary care, he learns parental intonations, perceives emotional atmosphere, learn to appreciate beauty. Responsibility for upbringing is not removed and the need for family upbringing and subsequent (adolescent, teenage and youthful) years. The expression "my house is my fortress" well expresses the idea that a healthy, non-conflict family is the most reliable support, the best refuge, where you can at least temporarily hide from all the anxieties of the outside world, relax and restore your strength. The direct experience of the child acquired in the family, at a young age sometimes becomes the only criterion for the child's attitude to the world around him, to people.
Family - as an institution of education and primary socialization of the individual, is and will be. The family implements functions that no other structural unit can perform for it. society unable to perform. For a person to become a being public, requires a long the process of socialization. And historical experience convinces us that the role of the family is so great. Thus, we can say that the family performs the function socialization of the individual. What the family can give to a person, no other institution can give.
Related publications:
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"Final work on social science for the course of grade 7 1. The process of familiarization with the culture, values of human society, knowledge about the world, ..."
Final work in social studies for the course of the 7th grade
1. The process of familiarization with the culture, values of human society, knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called
2) art
3) education
4) creativity
2. The “Golden Rule of Morality” proclaims the principle:
1) reasonable selfishness
2) live yourself - let others live
3) treat others the way you want them to treat you
4) treat others the way they treat you
3. Volodya studies well, shows responsibility and independence in actions. He is engaged in an aircraft modeling circle and at a music school in the guitar class. All this characterizes Volodya as 1) an individual 2) a personality 3) a student 4) a comrade
4 Human freedom:
A) restricted by the rights of others
B) the ability to do anything that does not harm another person
1) only A2 is true) only B3 is true) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are wrong
5. When committing especially grave crimes, criminal liability occurs at the age of:
1) 14 years old 2) 18 years old 3) 16 years old 4) 20 years old
6. Personality is
1) a unique combination of psychological characteristics of a person, the most significant social qualities
2) individual traits of a person
3) the color of the nation
4) a set of abilities
7. The structure of society is represented by social communities and groups in the variety of their connections. What social group is distinguished on a professional basis? 1) passengers 2) democrats 3) townspeople 4) engineers
8. Minimum age for employment without special parental permission:
9. Match the concept and definitions) affect 1) reflection of the general state of human experience b) emotions 2) violent, short-term emotional reaction c) feelings 3) a special form of reflection by the psyche of the surrounding mirag) mood 4) attitudes towards the world around, specific events or people
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Read the text and complete tasks 10-12
Convention on the Rights of the Child
The States Parties to this Convention ... have agreed as follows:
For the purposes of this Convention, a child is any human being under 18 years of age, unless, under the law applicable to the child, the majority is reached earlier.
1. States Parties recognize that every child has the inalienable right to life.
2. States Parties shall ensure, to the greatest extent possible, the survival and development of the child.
1. The child is registered immediately after birth and from the moment of birth has the right to a name and to acquire a nationality, and, as far as possible, the right to know his parents and the right to be cared for by them.
2. States Parties shall ensure the exercise of these rights in accordance with their national law and the fulfillment of their obligations under the relevant international instruments in this field, in particular where the child would otherwise be stateless.
1. States Parties undertake to respect the right of the child to preserve his or her identity, including nationality, name and family ties, as provided by law, without unlawful interference.
2. If a child is unlawfully deprived of part or all of his or her identity, States Parties shall provide the child with the necessary assistance and protection to restore his or her identity as soon as possible.
1. States Parties shall ensure that a child is not separated from his or her parents against their will, unless the competent authorities, by judicial decision, determine in accordance with applicable law and procedures that such separation is necessary in the best interests of the child. Such a determination may be necessary in a particular case, for example, where the parents are abusive or neglectful of the child, or where the parents are separated and a decision needs to be made as to where the child lives.
We will solve several tasks for repeating the first block "Society".
A1. A community of persons united by needs and interests that can be best satisfied only by joint efforts, joint activities, is called:
- conglomerate
- society
- system
- queue
We argue.
What's happened conglomerate? A chaotic collection of faces. We know that in society all processes are ordered by PUBLIC RELATIONS, any phenomenon affects others, there is no chaos in society. Answer 1 not true.
System? We do not see such terms as institution, elements, subsystems, therefore, no.
Queue? A household characteristic is not applicable to such a complex definition. Wrong.
So, by elimination method - SOCIETY! The definition is correct, respectively. correct answer 2.
A2. The process of familiarization with the values of human society, knowledge of the world, accumulated by previous generations, is called
- science
- art
- education
- creativity
We think. It's about the spiritual realm.
The science- the creation of new knowledge, and not familiarization with the old, is not suitable!
Art- a form of aesthetic development of the surrounding world, it is difficult to call it an introduction to knowledge. Rather, it is a form of creativity, the creation of something new.
Creation- This is a characteristic of any human activity!
And here EDUCATION suitable, because at school we receive knowledge that has already been discovered and known to us. Correct answer 3.
A3. Are the following judgments about social progress correct?
A. Modern ideas about social progress confirm its inconsistency.
B. The concepts of "progress" and "regression" are conditional.
- only A is correct
- only B is correct
- A and B are correct
- both statements are wrong
Let us remember that what is good and useful for one society is bad for another. The development of one culture may disrupt the traditional path of another. Really, progress is a controversial phenomenon. And right.
Conditionality is a similar characteristic, progress easily turns into regression. For example, the leading countries created their power by robbing colonies - weak countries, for which this enslavement was an unconditional regression. So, B it is truth too. Answer 3.
A4. Unlike nature, society
- is a system
- is in development
- acts as a creator of culture
- develops according to its own laws
We argue!
Both nature and society systems, developing according to their own laws ( linear development according to Marx, for example, and evolution). Option 1 not true.
Nature as well as society is in development. The disappearance of some species, the appearance of others is a characteristic feature. Society is also characterized by dynamics. Some institutions die off (blood feud), others appear (the state). 2 not true.
Creates culture? Yes! Only society creates culture - this is its hallmark!
It has already been said about development according to its own laws.
Correct option 3.
A5. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?
A. All global processes are the result of increased international contacts.
B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world whole.
- only A is correct
- only B is correct
- A and B are correct
- both statements are wrong
Pay attention to the marker ALL. Such exclusionary language tends to suggest that the option not true(ONLY, NONE, NEVER, ANY). Society is such a complex phenomenon that any processes and causes are possible in it. Also, global processes can be conditioned by global problems and technical development. But not true!
Wording B correct, indeed, the Internet (a means of mass communication) allows you to communicate with people on the other side of the world, connects the world.
Correct answer 2.
Thus, we briefly repeated the first block "Society"!.
Culture plays an integral role in the life of every person. It ensures the full life of people and the development of society as a whole. And each person comes into contact with such a phenomenon as culture, since from birth we are in a certain sphere of culture: spiritual and material.
The concept of culture
Culture is the development and organization of human life, which is represented in its spiritual and material products. All material and spiritual achievements together represent a certain culture. It includes all objects created by people and all acquired spiritual values, which include the life experience of generations, knowledge of the science of technological processes and established norms of behavior. Human activity and its development also refers to culture.
What is the culture
Culture is a diverse concept, which includes many types of cultures. These are scientific, economic, political, moral, aesthetic, ecological types of cultures. Each of them reflects a certain type of human activity. Culture is also divided into spiritual and material. Spiritual is the result of spiritual production, and material is the result of material production.
There is also a distinction between imaginary and genuine culture. Such a distribution arises when trying to give a precise definition of the word "culture" and designate this phenomenon, both in everyday life and in scientific understanding. Culture of consumption and culture of creativity.
In addition to the fact that culture is an artistic phenomenon, in a broad sense, it also personifies the process of consumption. The culture of consumption is spoken of as a partial programming of people and their activities. This is due to the main function of the culture of consumption, which is mass and accessible to everyone.
Introduction of a person to culture
A person cannot exist outside of culture and cannot develop without its influence. In this case, a person is the creator of culture, but he himself depends on it and falls under its influence. From the level of familiarization of a person with national or world culture depends on his spiritual and personal development, the measure of his development as a subject of society. When a person joins the world values of culture, his horizons expand significantly and become more diverse.
Thus, a person can gain new knowledge and experience, develop his abilities and talents, create new objects and communicate with other people. But since culture is considered a dynamic process, familiarization with traditions, customs and norms of behavior occurs throughout a person's life. It is an ongoing process that allows each individual to grow spiritually and fruitfully develop.
This process is also necessary for the constant raising of the cultural level of the social masses and the dynamic development of the world. And the involvement of each person in the process of culture plays an important role in this case, since then it is possible to ensure the development of culture with the help of the unity of innovations and traditions.
