Ancient Slavs and their neighbors presentation. Eastern Slavs and their neighbors

Eastern Slavs Prepared by students of class 6 "B": Mukhin Evgeny, Kamzolova Elizaveta, Tereshkina Daria, Zaitseva Alina, Semyonova Yuliana Origin and settlement of the Eastern Slavs Prepared by: Evgeny Mukhin

Most of Europe and a significant part of Asia have long been inhabited by tribes Indo-Europeans. These tribes were in constant motion, moved and developed new territories.

Approximately 4,000 years ago, there was a release Balto-Slavic Indo-European tribes. They populated Central and Eastern Europe. In the 5th century AD e. Slavs divided into Balts and Slavs.

The main occupation of the Eastern Slavs was: agriculture. In order to plant a crop, the land had to be cultivated. The first step was to cut down the trees and burn them. Then ash was added to the soil. After the land began to give a poor harvest, this land was forever abandoned. Such a system was slash-and-burn.

The Eastern Slavs had another system - shifting, when the land was depleted, it was abandoned for 20 or even 30 years. After the soil was restored, it could again be used for planting crops. The Slavs were also engaged in hunting, cattle breeding, and fishing.

Control

Before resettlement, the Eastern Slavs lived "each in their own way and in their own places." The most important was the tribal elder, he had great power. After the resettlement, family ties began to disintegrate.

The consanguineous community was replaced by the neighboring community - verv. separate communities united in tribes, tribes formed unions. After that, the power of the tribal lord ceased to operate. On the general council - veche, all the householders of the district converged. Elders were chosen at the Veche for common affairs. Issues that required the consent of all communities were also resolved at the veche. The Eastern Slavs did not have military units. If military dangers attacked, all the men went to fight - the people's militia.

The main feature of the Slavs was the love of freedom. If guests came to the Slav, the owner tried to please them, put the most delicious treats on the table. The Slavs were brave warriors. They fought to the last drop of blood. Cowardice was the greatest shame

The Slavs lived near the rivers, in families in semi-dugout houses. The dishes were made of wood. The roof was covered with branches smeared with clay. They stoked on black, the smoke went into the hole in the roof.

In the religion of the Eastern Slavs there was paganism, polytheism and idolatry. They represented nature in the form of different gods. For example: Khors is the personified sun, Svarog is the blacksmith god, Svarozhich is the personified fire, etc. The Slavs also believed in evil spirits. For example: Mermaid - the soul of drowned women and children, Mavka - an evil spirit, a mermaid, Yuletide evil spirits - various inhabitants of the other world, penetrating into this world during Christmas time, when the gates between worlds are open, Bes - an evil spirit hostile to people, Bereginya - female spirit, the patron of vegetation, living near water bodies, Fever - a female spirit that inhabits a person and causes illness, Brownie - the patron spirit of the house, Bannik - the spirit-owner of the bath, Dvorovoy - the spirit-master of the yard.

To worship their gods, the Slavs performed rituals in groves where idols stood. To appease the gods, they sacrificed animals to them. The Eastern Slavs believed in people who could communicate with the gods and predict the future. These people were called sorcerers or magi.

Before the appearance of the Eastern Slavs, the East European Plain was inhabited by other peoples. Powerful eastern tribes subjugated some peoples and forced them to pay tribute. The Slavs borrowed from their neighbors the names of rivers, lakes, villages. The descendants of the Iranian-speaking Scythian-Sarmatian population had a great influence on the Slavs. Many words came from the Iranian language (axe, boot, hut, steppe, etc.)

In the 8th century, part of the East Slavic tribes were conquered by the Khazars, forcing them to pay tribute.

An important role in the life of the Eastern Slavs was played by their relations with the Byzantine Empire. In 860, Constantinople and its environs were suddenly attacked by unknown warriors. They sailed from the northern shores of the Black Sea and called themselves Ros or Rus. So Byzantium met the Eastern Slavs.

Morning wakes up nature The first rays of dawn In the village of the ancient people Reflections left their own. People live here Tall and handsome - Light-eyed and strong men, Women graceful as willows Children are like strong oaks.

Oriental Slavs and their neighbors

“.. But good Russians are not obliged to have more patience, following the rule of state morality, which puts respect for ancestors in the dignity of an educated citizen .... We love one thing, we want one thing, we love the Fatherland, we wish it prosperity even more than glory, we wish that the solid foundation of our greatness will never change, may Russia bloom ... at least for a long, long time, if there is nothing immortal on earth except the human soul !"

N. M. Karamzin

HOUSING

TERRITORY

APPEARANCE

EAST SLAVS

CONTROL

NEIGHBOURS

RELIGION

Sources on the history of Russia in the 9th - 16th centuries.

historical source- material, oral or written evidence of the past, according to which history is studied.

Chronicle - yearly record of events

Other written sources on the history of Russia:

• business documents;
• letters;
• literary works.

2. Origin and settlement of the Eastern Slavs

Indo-Europeans

Western

Eastern

Name the tribes of the Western and Southern Slavs known to you.

The resettlement of the Eastern Slavs

Eastern Europe: from Lake Ilmen in the north to

Black Sea steppes in the south and from the Carpathian mountains

in the west to the Volga in the east.

Resettlement of the Slavs

EXERCISE:

• Read item 1 pages 31-35

2. Fill in the table:

The resettlement of the Eastern Slavs

Tribe

Place of settlement

3 Lifestyle and occupations of the Slavs

Answer the questions:

• What conclusions about the dwelling of the Slavs can be drawn on the basis of these texts?
• What information about the external appearance of the Slavs does the source give us?
• What to say Procopius of Caesarea about the clothes of the Eastern Slavs?
• What character traits did the Slavs have?

• Semi-dugouts with log walls (typical for forest-steppe regions);
• Ground dwellings made of logs (typical for the northern forest regions).

East Slavs

(Reconstructions by M. M. Gerasimov)

Woman from the Vyatichi tribe

A man from the Krivichi tribe

Occupations of the Slavs

in the VI-IX centuries.

Hunting

Agriculture

Cattle breeding

cows, horses,

millet, wheat,

beekeeping

sheep, goats,

rye, barley,

oats, peas, beans,

flax, hemp

beekeeping - extraction of honey from wild bees

Slash-

Translation

fire

EXERCISE:

• Read Item 2. pp. 35-36
• Fill in the chart:

Neighbors of the Eastern Slavs

South and East:

Northeast:

Management among the Eastern Slavs

• rope- a neighborhood community among the ancient Slavs
• Veche- assembly of the people
• Civil uprising- the entire male population of the community, which during the attack fought with enemies.

People's Council

5. Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs

Paganism - belief in the existence of many gods and spirits (polytheism)

Yarilo

Mokosh

Sun God

deity

fertility

Svarog

god of the universe

Veles

patron

pastoralism

Perun

thunder god and

Devilry

Devilry - "lower spirits" divided into useful and dangerous.

Determine who is depicted on the slide and what group of spirits do these creatures belong to?

Slavic idols

Idol - wooden or

stone statue, image of god

Zbruch idol

Slavic gods Svarog and Mokosh

Temple -

pagan place of worship, pagan temple

Temple and idols of the ancient Slavs

Historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve

Tomsk pisanitsa

HOUSING:

TERRITORY:

APPEARANCE:

EAST SLAVS

CONTROL:

NEIGHBOURS:

RELIGION:

• Read P. 4
• Learn new terms
• Prepare for test work

The management of the union was carried out by the council of ants. Procopius of Caesarea writes: “These tribes, Slavs and Antes, are not ruled by one person, but since ancient times they live in democracy (democracy), and therefore they consider happiness and unhappiness in life to be a common thing.” In particular, in the episode with the case of Khilbudius, the author tells how "gathering, as mentioned above, the Antes forced this man to admit, as they wanted, that he was Khilbudius, a Roman military leader." Thus, the allied veche had enormous power over all the ants. Vecha gathered in special places. For example, near the glades, Kyiv was such a place, where a pagan temple was located. The decision adopted in Kyiv was obligatory for all "kinds" of glades. In the annals there is a mention of the "city elders" who made decisions at city meetings near the glades and drevlyans in the 10th century. Procopius of Caesarea Kyiv

On the origin of the name Rus Russian substantivized adjective; other Russian Russian is formed from an earlier ethnonym of the Eastern Slavs Rus (the same word was also used to refer to the East Slavic state, sometimes mainly Kiev land, as opposed to Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal). In Byzantine sources, in addition to the stem with -u- (russ-), there is also a stem with -o- Rhos, R(h)osia, from which the name Russia is ultimately derived. The etymology of the ethnonym "Rus" is unclear; the literature on the issue since the time of Lomonosov and Miller is huge, but linguists and historians have not come to a convincing solution. In particular, it is not clear whether it was brought to the East Slavic territory by the Varangians (whoever they were by origin) or arose on it natively (and if the latter is true, in which region did it happen).

The ethnonym "Rus" is derived from the Old Norse word Róþsmenn or Róþskarlar "rowers, sailors", but the truncation of Róþs is not attested (the Fin. ruotsi Swede is also used to support the Varangian version); from the Indo-European base ruksa, russe, russa "light brown", "light", "white", "golden" (mainly from the Scandinavian peoples); the bear is considered a forbidden name for the totem beast of the Eastern Slavs (by analogy with Latin ursus, other Greek αρκτος, however, the correspondence to this name in Slavic would look like *rys);

On behalf of the first prince Rus from the proper Slavonic word *rŏud-s-ĭs, related to the words fair-haired (*rŏud-s-ŏs), ruddy (*rŏudh-ŏs), red (*rūdh-ŏs). That is, according to this version, the self-name of the Rus people is associated with hair color (cf. above “light”, “white”, “golden” from ruksa). Finds a typological parallel with the self-name of the Sumerians "black-headed". from the name of the river Ros in the Kiev region (however, this word had at the root not about and not y, but ъ Rs, indirect cases of Rsi, so this etymology is also doubtful). V.I. Dal in his "Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian Language" writes: "Rus in the meaning of the world, white light."

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Slides captions:

Eastern Slavs and their neighbors

Objectives: To give an idea of ​​​​the ancestors of the Slavs, to show the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsettlement of the Eastern Slavs, to introduce the main occupations, life, beliefs, social system of the Eastern Slavs. To acquaint with the neighbors of the Eastern Slavs, to show their relationship.

Checking homework: What does the history of the Fatherland study? How do we know about the life of people in ancient and medieval Rus'? What is the chronological framework of the period of history that we will study in grade 6. What do auxiliary historical disciplines study?

Plan for the study of new material: The origin and resettlement of the Eastern Slavs. Occupations of the Eastern Slavs. Neighbors of the Eastern Slavs.

Origin and settlement of the Eastern Slavs. - Where were the ancestors of the Russian people? - Have the Slavs always lived in Eastern Europe or did they come from other lands? Some historians believe that in 1 thousand BC. Slavic tribes lived in Eastern Europe. Other historians consider Scythian plowmen to be Slavs.

On the territory of Eastern Europe there are many rivers with a non-Slavic name, for example, the hydronyms Don, Dnieper, Dniester - of Iranian origin, the heritage of the Sarmatians and Scythians. In the interfluve of the Oka and Volga - names of Finno-Ugric origin. These are hydronyms that end in "va" - Moscow, Protva, Lysva, Neva. "Va" is Finnish for water.

The Tale of Bygone Years (12th century), written by Nestor, tells of the arrival of the Slavs to the Dnieper from the Danube through the Carpathians, where in the 12th century there was a strong tribal union of the Dulebs. Modern historians believe that the path of the Slavs to Eastern Europe ran from the southern shores of the Baltic to the banks of the Volkhov and Ladoga, to the territory where Novgorod later appeared. The oldest ancestral home of the Slavs - Central Europe - the upper reaches of the Danube, Vistula, Oder and Elbe.

Using the text of the chronicle and maps in the atlases "Kievan Rus in the 9th - early 12th centuries." Fill the table. The name of the Slavic tribes Geographical landmarks of the settlement Polyane Northerners Drevlyane Dregovichi Polochan

2. Occupations and social system of the Slavs The main occupation of the Eastern Slavs was agriculture. They mastered two types of agriculture: 1. Slash-and-burn system of agriculture; 2. Shifting or fallow farming. Working with illustrations in the textbook on p. 9 and in TPE on p. 4.

The Slavs were brave warriors, cowardice was considered a disgrace. Working with the document “The Byzantine Writer Procopius of Caesarea on the Eastern Slavs” p. 13. - How does the Byzantine writer characterize the Slavic warriors?

Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs. The Eastern Slavs were pagans, that is, they worshiped different gods. The Slavs deified the earth, sun, water. The most ancient Slavic deities were Rod and Rozhanitsy - the creator and master of the entire Universe and the patroness of the clan, family, home. Later, the cult of the sky and the supreme ruler of the world - Svarog, the wind god Stribog, the sun god Yaril, the god of thunder and lightning - Perun arose.

Christmas divination

Feast of Ivan Kupala

Maslenitsa festivities

Working with the document on p. 13. What does the Byzantine author write about the management of the Slavic tribes? The Eastern Slavs lived by birth, i.e. united on the basis of consanguinity. An elder was at the head of the tribal community. The tribal community was replaced by the neighbor's community - the rope. Veche is the council of the community. The people's militia is the entire male population of the community who fought against the enemies.

3. Neighbors of the Eastern Slavs. Eastern Europe, before the appearance of the Slavs on its territory, was inhabited from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains by the ancient inhabitants of the forest north: Finno-Ugric tribes - Chud, Merya, Muroma, whole, Cheremis, Mordvins. The basin of the Southern Bug River, the lands in the middle and lower reaches of the Dnieper and along its tributaries were inhabited by the descendants of the Iranian-speaking Scythian-Sarmatian population.

Map work. Find the neighbors of the Slavic tribes: Khazar Khaganate, Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium, Turkic and Avar Khaganates. Teacher's story.