If a few years ago satellite dishes were a luxury item, today everyone can afford such television. Such dishes receive broadcasts from a satellite that is located above the equator in geostationary orbit. Thanks to this, you can get a large number of channels and excellent picture quality. All you need is to buy a special antenna, a tuner and assemble and connect it all. Often companies selling such plates offer services for their installation. But you will have to pay for this. To save money, you can mount it yourself. Special skills are not required for this.
Basic concepts
To begin with, let's get acquainted with the basic concepts that we will mention in the course of work:
- - it is in Earth's orbit and sends a TV signal to the determined territory using a transponder. All satellites are at the same latitude, as they are located on the equator, but have different longitudes.
- Transponder- a transceiver located on the satellite.
- satellite dish- the main element that allows the subscriber to receive a signal from orbit. It "collects" the signal from the entire surface and focuses it at a certain point where the converter is located.
- Converter- a device mounted on a holder, it receives a signal reflected from the antenna.
- Multifeed- a device that holds additional converters. Since the satellites in orbit are located side by side, one dish can receive reception from several sources. In this case, 3 converters are installed on one antenna.
- - a device that switches the signal from 3 or more converters to one cable. The tuner operates in such a way as to receive a signal from only one source, transmitted to it by the converter. The disk is engaged in connecting one of several sources.
- bracket- regular holder. It is made of metal and is mounted on a wall or other surface.
- Receiver (tuner)- a device that receives a signal coming from the converter. Thanks to him, the signal is displayed on the TV, and we see the picture and hear the sound.
It is not necessary to know all this, but you will still have an idea of how the system works. Then the installation will be more productive and faster.
Complete set of equipment and necessary tools
When you have chosen the desired antenna, familiarize yourself with its complete set. Mainly:
Directly satellite dish (mirror).
One or more converters (depending on choice).
Multifeeds. If the selected antenna is for 3 satellites, two multifeeds are included in the kit.
Disek, for connecting three converters to 1 cable.
Cable for connecting a tuner with a converter.
Mounting bracket and other fasteners.
Connector (F-to) for connecting a cable with a tuner, converter and disk. A total of 8 pieces.
Anchors that secure the bracket to the surface.
If something is not included in the kit, it must be purchased separately. It is these details that you will need to make the installation of a satellite dish.
To work, you will need the following set of tools:
- screwdriver;
- wire cutters;
- key for 13;
- key for 10 - 2 pcs.;
- impact drill or hammer drill;
- victorious drill - 12 mm.
Having prepared all the necessary parts and tools, you can proceed to the installation process.
Stage 1: Choosing a location
First you need to decide on the place where the plate will be mounted. The main condition is that it should be directed towards the signal source. There should be no foreign objects on the path of the imaginary line: other houses, trees, towers, etc. It is important to know one rule: all satellites are located on the south side. To determine exactly where the signal source is and where to direct the antenna, look at the dishes installed by the neighbors. Set it up the same way. In the case when there are no neighbors, you can use the "Satellite Antenna Alignment" program. It can be found on the Internet. Thanks to it, you can accurately calculate the azimuth and angle for the correct installation.
If we talk about the location, then the installation of antennas will save you from problems with blocking the satellite's visibility zone. In this case, you are not afraid of trees and other obstacles, but you will have to throw a large cable, especially if you live on the first floors of a building. It is more convenient when the plate is located close to the TV. Then it will be much more convenient to install and configure it. But again, you need to make sure that there are no interference.
Most often, the antenna is mounted on a wall near a window, balcony or loggia, or on the roof. It is not recommended to mount it inside a loggia or balcony, as well as in places where it will be exposed to intense water ingress (under water drains or roof slopes).
Stage 2: Assembly of the antenna
Now you need to assemble all the parts of the antenna together. To find out how to do this correctly, you can use the instructions that must be included in the kit.
- To begin with, a mount (pipe) is assembled to hold the mirror (plate). The kit must contain fasteners (nuts, bolts, studs and screws), with which the finished mount is connected. Clamp everything securely so that everything does not loosen under the influence of weather conditions and does not break. Do not overtighten the adjusting nuts so that the antenna can be moved up and down when tuning.
- Now the bracket mount is installed on the pipe. It should have special holes where the bolts will be inserted. This is where you need to fix the mount.
- If you have one converter, mount it in the holder. To prevent rain from entering, secure it with the connector facing down. If there are several connectors, you need to collect a multifeed. Take two multifeeds and install converters in them. Secure everything with fasteners. When the heads are assembled, they can be mounted on the antenna.
- Place the multifeeds on the mounting tube and fix them. Since all fasteners are bolts, nuts and screws, only a screwdriver and wrenches are needed for work. With their help, all elements are attached.
- It's time to strip the cables to put the connectors on them. Using a knife, remove the top layer of insulation, stepping back from the end about 1.5 cm. After removing the insulation, you will see a braid. It needs to be folded back. The same should be done with the foil under the braid. It remains to expose the wire, which is located under the second insulating layer. Step back 1 cm and remove the layer.
- We wind the F-connector onto the end of the cable. If the wire protrudes too far, it can be cut off leaving a few mm from the edge of the connector. The connection is best sealed using heat shrink tubing or electrical tape with a layer of silicone applied. If you have an antenna for 1 satellite, then the cable can be connected to the connector, if there are several, we do the same manipulations with other cables. If you had one solid wire, cut as many pieces from it as you have converters. The size of one such wire can be approximately 1 m. It will extend from the converter to the disc.
- Attach the disk to the bottom of the antenna. To do this, use construction clamps. Then connect all the wires to it by screwing the F-connector onto the thread. From the drive, lead the wires to the heads and connect them.
To prevent the wires from hanging out, they can be fixed to the pipe with electrical tape or construction clamps.
Stage 3: Fix the plate
If you live in a private house or on the 1st floor, such work can be easily done. If you are on higher floors, such work can be very dangerous. Take precautions. Use seat belts to keep yourself safe.
- Holes are drilled in the place you have chosen. Attach the bracket and mark the holes with a pencil or a sharp object.
- Take a puncher and make holes in the marked places.
- Fix the bracket to the wall with dowels or anchor bolts.
- Hang the antenna on the bracket and tighten the fasteners. You don't need to press too hard to be able to adjust.
- Now connect the main cable to the disk (this could be done both at the end and at the assembly stage).
Now the dish is fixed and ready to receive the signal. But to do it right, you need to set it up.
Step 4: Antenna Tuning
Now you need to set up the antenna so that it catches the signal from the satellite and transmits it directly to the tuner. It will be inconvenient to do this yourself, as you have to put the TV next to you. If a friend or family member is near you, he can help you by giving commands.
- So, for starters, connect the tuner to your TV. This can be done with a "tulip" wire or SCART-SCART. Then screw the main cable from the antenna into the corresponding connector in the tuner (it has the inscription LNB IN).
- Turn on your TV and tuner. Now you will be able to see the image that will be coming.
- Slowly move the dish vertically or horizontally around the location where the satellite should be. When the signal appears, calibrate the image so that you get the perfect picture.
- It remains only to securely fasten all the remaining nuts to fix the antenna in the right place.
Now you can enjoy satellite TV. And the thought that you did the installation work yourself will delight you even more. Thus, you have done the work done by experienced professionals who provide such services for free. For a beginner, this job will take about half an hour. The process itself does not require much effort, but it can save your family budget.
Video
One of the advantages of satellite TV is the low cost of connection. As can be seen from practice, in order to connect a satellite dish to a TV, you will have to pay about $160. Other benefits include no subscription fee(unlike cable TV), high-quality image and sound, a large number of television channels for every taste. So, if the satellite equipment has 3 converters (heads), then you can set up from 25 to 40 free Russian-language TV channels (depending on the satellites you have chosen).
The satellite dish is essentially a mirror that reflects the signal from the satellite. The reflected signal hits the converter, and the last one sends data to the receiver. It is from him that the television receiver receives the converted signal through the television cable.
As a standard, satellites are often chosen: Sirius 5.0E, Amos 4.0W, Hotbird 13.0E, since these satellites can provide a large selection of broadcasts to suit any preference. But, since technological progress does not stand still, other satellites appear that provide a large selection of TV broadcasts. And you have the right to choose the one that best suits your requirements.
How to connect a TV to a satellite dish
There are 2 ways to connect a TV to a satellite dish:
- the cable connects directly to the TV receiver;
- connection is through the receiver.
Direct connection to a TV receiver
As you know, to watch satellite TV, you need a receiver. But in modern TVs they began to install digital tuners DVB-S2, which make it possible not to use an external receiver, connect a cable to the TV set directly from the “dish”, and catch TV from the satellite.
To find out if the TV supports this function, you can look at the description of the device, which can be found on various websites selling consumer electronics.
But, unfortunately, the TV will only catch free (not encrypted) foreign channels. To watch domestic TV via a satellite, you will need to buy one that connects to DVB-S2 via a PCMCIA interface.
The CAM module is purchased with a suitable satellite TV package, which you can choose from among the many operators that offer this service. The convenience of using such a connection is obvious:
- no need to purchase a separate receiver;
- You only need one remote to change channels.
Before purchasing a satellite TV package with a CAM module, ask your provider if their modules are compatible with a specific TV model.
Setting the plate
Before you start connecting the cable to a TV without a receiver, you need to assemble the entire set of satellite equipment you purchased and correctly position the antenna itself. Place for setting the plate should be such as to provide good guidance to the satellite. By the way, the wrong choice of location is a common reason that. In addition, access to the antenna will be required for tuning. Therefore, it should be located in an accessible place. Various interferences, such as buildings, trees and various structures in the signal reception path, greatly degrade the quality of the television broadcast.
Basically, broadcasting TV satellites are concentrated in the direction from the southeast to the southwest. Satellites located in the south have the highest altitude above the horizon.
Cable preparation
When the installation of the plate is completed, you will need to prepare And . The F-connector is a simple sleeve that is screwed onto the cable, so it is important that it is threaded.
If the output on the TV or receiver is adapted for the F-connector, then it will not be difficult to connect the TV to a satellite dish. In the case when your TV set has a regular antenna output, you will need buy an adapter.
You can, of course, buy a regular antenna plug, but they are often of poor quality. In the case of an F-ki with an adapter, a universal plug is obtained that can be connected both to the F-output and to the antenna.
Before connecting the cable to the TV, do the following.
Connection and setup
To prepare for watching TV, you need to do the following:
To switch between different television signal sources, whether it is satellite TV or cable, HDMI signal or another, the INPUT button is pressed on the remote control and the desired one is selected.
Connecting via a receiver
How to properly connect a satellite antenna to the device? In modern television receivers, you can connect the cable to the TV through the receiver through the following connectors.
Thus, connecting satellite equipment to a television receiver is not a difficult matter. The main thing is the correct choice of the direction of the antenna, the connection of the equipment with cables and the adjustment of the reception of television broadcasts. Setting up a satellite receiver, on the contrary, is a complex process that requires some knowledge to carry out the calculations necessary to correctly orient the dish mirror to the satellite groups. After that, the reception itself is configured (for this you need to know the necessary parameters for input). ABOUT DIY receiver setup You can find out by watching this video.
Cable TV is limited to only a certain list of channels. Therefore, the satellite is increasingly being used for leisure activities. We propose to consider how the satellite dish is configured independently, what TV equipment is needed for this, as well as the step-by-step installation of channels for dummies.
The principle of operation of the antenna
A satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna (multifield, Opticum AX 1000+, Maximum, Opticum X80 Premium, Orton X80, BIG BISAT) designed to receive microwaves from communication sources that transmit signals to television, radio, sometimes Internet satellites (Intelsat 15, Intel, Eutelsat 36A/36B (36°E), TT-budget S-1401 SkyStar 3, Sky tv digital).
Photo - Satellite dishThe parabolic shape of the offset dish reflects the signal to the antenna at the focal point. A device called a horn feed (Satfinder) is attached to the dish coordinator, its adjustment is fully automatic. This part is, in fact, an amplifier, the front converter heads (LNB) collect signals from the focal point and "lead" them to the downconverter block. The horn converts the signals of electromagnetic or radio waves into electrical and adjusts their spectrum.
Now another amplification technology is actively used - winding a metal mesh or additional turns of wire on a plate (see photo). This setting helps to increase the absorption capacity and sensitivity of the antenna even to weak signals.
Photo - Antenna amplifier Modern dishes intended for use in home television typically range in size from 43 cm to 80 cm in diameter, and are tuned in one position to receive Ku-band from one orbital position. Prior to the existence of live satellite services, home users typically used a motorized C-band dish up to 3 meters in diameter to receive channels from various satellites. Excessively small plates can cause problems in the network, but they have a longer shelf life, are easier to set up and last longer.
Video: choosing a satellite dish installation site
How to set up a TV antenna
You can use a special device to tune a direct-focus satellite dish (Amos-Amos, ASTRA, Raduga, Sirius-Sirius, SkyStar USB 2 HD CI TechniSat, Supermax, Golden Interstar, Eurosky, General Lumax DV-728 FTA, STV), for example, this is a satellite dish tuner, they are very easy to install with your own hands. Consider the easiest and safest installation method, step by step instructions:
- Prepare the antenna mount. For this purpose, you can use a double suspension, building mounting brackets (for areas with strong winds);
The double suspension of the motor suspension is equipped with two telescopic rods that can be moved. They are optimized for receiving VHF signals. At that time, they are not the best solution for good reception on TVs or on a computer, because. are known for their ability to interrupt the signal.
Photo - Satellite dish on the roof Sometimes you can install the antenna on a rotary beam. In this case, reconfiguration will be carried out quickly and easily - it will be possible to connect from one satellite to another.
Note: if you live far from the city or the village center, then you need to purchase the largest possible antenna, with a diameter of 80 or more centimeters, otherwise the signals will be interrupted.
- Use the rotor for polarization. If in your area the type of signal reception is such that one channel broadcasts from the north and the other broadcasts to the west, then you may need an antenna rotor to make a dual connection, thereby expanding the range. If there is no rotor, then you can take a compass;
- It is also recommended to use a receiver (HD Continent-CHD-04, changhong dvb-s9000n, C-band, DRE, DRS, Globo 7010C-1CI, SVEC) to amplify signals;
If the angles differ slightly, or the platform is fairly close, then you can do without the rotor. If the angle of satellites ABC (ABS, ABC) is more than 30 degrees, then you need to use a catcher. In addition, with the help of such a device, switching between satellites can be done without leaving home.
Photo - Offset antenna - Determine where the antenna is connected and tuned to a TV, laptop, computer or other receivers. For a laptop, phone and TV, this will most likely be a USB compartment, while for TVs it will be the so-called "tulip". It will probably be what is called connector F (DVB). There are older styles of connectors, such as the Belling Lee connector or the flat-cut connector.
note A: If you have an old type connector, you need to visit the radio market or local TV store to get the correct adapter. Digital TVs have a dedicated input for digital reception (EUSTON 0.75 m), usually labeled "DTV" or "DTT". They will not be able to connect directly to legacy connectors.
- Connect the antenna to your TV using RF coaxial cables (also known as "F" wire). There are two installation options: screw in with a threaded connection and plug in like a normal adapter. It should be noted that the threaded method is more reliable and practical.
- Set up your TV, you can do it yourself here. You will need to use the remote control, the TV setup menu (how to enter it in certain models is described in the products of any company). The entry point is most likely labeled "Antenna", "Air" or "Air" in most Chinese TV sets.
Some TVs have multiple inputs: make sure you select the correct input during the procedure. If you have a cable and multiple inputs, you can set one input for the projector (as an option) and the other as an antenna input.
Photo - Antenna tricolor - Adjust the antenna. For signal purity and transmission quality, it is necessary not only to adjust the polarity, but also to select the correct coordinates. You will need to scan through the channels with your TV tuner to see which channels are within range. If you see a fuzzy image, reposition the antenna until the signal clears up. Some antennas are motorized, saving you the hassle of climbing up to the roof to tune. Remember, some channels require special codes, we recommend that you get them from the service provider, or by directly contacting the press center of a particular channel (you can do it by mail or online chat).
Depending on which continent is needed, you can set the "manual" tuning, the antenna will automatically find the signal according to the specified parameters, depending on the range and power, you can change filters. But before you start watching movies in this case, be sure to save the channels, check their operation and fix the antenna.
- Find local online broadcast locations. The broadcast location map of each channel (latitude, longitude, angle parameters) is easily located in Yandex or Google Maps. If all channels are in the same direction (azimuth within 20 degrees +/- 1 degree), then it is easier to correct the directional antenna.
- The sun can do a disservice, especially in the Crimea, Kazakhstan, Israel and other sunny areas. You need to make a special shading.
In case you need different settings to get different channels, then:
- Write down not only how many channels are selected according to the results of the test, but which of them are called, as well as their parameters.
- Carry out a manual scan with appropriate settings, add all channels in your TV menu, install an antenna for each channel.
- Some TVs can memorize channels. You can set this feature to automatically find broadcasters. To check the list, use the special tester that comes with the antenna.
If you are a happy owner of SMART-TV or want to connect a computer to an antenna, then you will need an express program for setting up a satellite dish (Fastsatfinder), it is easily installed from the disk with your own hands, after which a telecard is created by the device. The main advantage of this method: simplicity and speed, disadvantage: it can only be used on "smart" devices. Some extensions are installed even on Android (Android) and Linux.
Photo - Satellite dish design Prices and companies
In any case, the master will cope with the installation of the antenna faster and better than an amateur.
Also, many owners of the antenna do not want to "play" with its installation, and therefore we propose to consider how much it costs to set up and install a satellite dish in different cities of Russia and Ukraine. Price table, the cost of installing an azimuth satellite dish 43 cm, 0.55-0.6:
| City | Price, rubles |
| Almaty | 2400 |
| Barnaul | 2500 |
| Vladivostok | 2500 |
| Volgograd | 2400 |
| Donetsk | 2500 |
| Rostov-on-Don | 2400 |
| Ekaterinburg | 2400 |
| Zaporozhye | 2500 |
| Irkutsk | 2400 |
| Karaganda | 2300 |
| Kyiv | 2500 |
| Minsk | 2500 |
| Moscow | 2500 |
| Odessa | 2400 |
| Permian | 2400 |
| Samara | 2300 |
| Saint Petersburg | 2500 |
| Saratov | 2400 |
| Kharkiv | 2400 |
| Ulan Ude | 2400 |
| Novosibirsk | 2500 |
Independent and professional setup of a satellite dish Yamal (Yamal 201 90E), Tricolor TV Siberia (Tricolor), HotBird (HotBird), GAL, Orion, Samsung DSB-S300V is carried out within a few hours, under normal weather conditions. The following models are most popular now: SatelliteAntennaAlignment (Germany), ABS-1, LMI 75, ExpressAM2 80, Turksat 1C/2A 42E, Satgate, StrongSRT90 Multisat, HDHumaxVAHD-3100S, PBIDVR-1000S, Openbox®SF-20.
In any, even in a large, even a small team, in a student group, in a school class, in a word, wherever people live or work, in addition to names and surnames, for some reason they assign nicknames to each other. Whether it's because it's shorter, or it's more fun, I don't know. In our village, many also have such nicknames.
I won’t write about other people’s nicknames here, but I’ll speak for myself - here, behind my back, they call me TV SATELLITE. This is because I repair TVs and other household appliances, as well as very often install and configure satellite dishes.
Here's how to quickly and correctly set up any satellite dish at minimal cost, I'll tell you using the Tricolor satellite as an example.
First, some economics.
When buying a set of satellite equipment, the seller will definitely offer you the services of specialists (usually his friends) to install it, because the vast majority of buyers do not know how to install satellite dishes.
At the cost of equipment sets, for example, 9..10 thousand rubles (Tricolor), or 5 ... 8 thousand rubles. (Telecard), the cost of installation services in our area ranges from 1.5 thousand rubles to 2.5 thousand rubles, depending on the complexity of the installation work. Not 15 kopecks, however.
And in order to install an antenna in a rural area, you will also have to pay for the master’s travel there and back, at the rate of about 7 ... 8 rubles. per kilometer, because he will not go to you by bus, but with his tool and devices in his car. And then the cost of installing a satellite dish increases significantly.
That's why they turn to me, because I do it cheaper, and I don't take money for the road ...
For self-installation of a satellite dish, you will need the following.
1. A set of satellite equipment (dish, receiver, converter, antenna wire)
2. Antenna tuner Sat Finder (any make and model)
3. Adapters, F-connectors in the amount of 2 pcs.
4. Three self-tightening anchor bolts M6 X 120..150 mm, if the walls of the house are stone
5. Three large bolts - wood screws M6 X 150 ... 200 mm, if the walls are wooden
6. Perforator if the walls are stone
7. Wrenches or adjustable wrenches, 10, 13, 14, 17 (depending on the bolts)
8. Compass.
9. A piece of antenna wire 1.5..2 meters
And now, as expected, a little theory. To understand what needs to be done and why.
There are many satellites in the sky (or rather, in space). They hang there motionless, in geostationary orbit, rotating with the earth, at a distance of about 36,000 km, and of course, they are not visible. Each satellite is located in its own point of space assigned only to it. The location of each satellite is precisely known, it is immutable, and very accurately maintained. In order to understand how and where the satellites are located, imagine ... a rainbow. The satellites above the horizon are located in approximately the same arc, from its left edge to the right. Depending on where you live in our large country, you will be able to “see” with your antennas a little more or a little less different satellites.
Each satellite has its own name, like a name. For example, the Tricolor satellite, to which we will tune our antenna, used to be called Evtelsat W4 36E, now it is called Express AMU-1 - 36E. And Tricolor is just the trade name of the organization that transmits the signal through this satellite. Telecard (Continent TV), for example, has another satellite, Intelsat15 85E.
In addition, the name of the satellite usually contains a number, for example, 36E, 85E, 90E, 5W, 9W, which indicates the longitude over which it hangs, that is, the approximate direction to this satellite on the horizon.
But in our case, the sun and a compass will be used to determine the direction to the satellite.
First of all, before installing the antenna, you need to decide on which side of the house it should be placed. For the area in which I live (Bashkortostan, 56 degrees east longitude) and the Tricolor satellite, this will be the south side, approximately the place from which the sun is clearly visible from 12 to 14 o'clock in the afternoon. There should be no interference in the form of trees, roofs, and high-voltage power lines between you and the sun (satellite). The height of the antenna installation on the wall does not matter, mount it where it will be more convenient for you to adjust it, only so that the antenna does not interfere with the passage or passage. For example, I have one of the antennas right on the ground, on an iron stand. I do not advise you to put an antenna on the roof, then you will be tormented by climbing if something happens to it. Naturally, a dish should not be fixed under the edge of the roof either, so that rain, snow and ice subsequently do not fall on the antenna. It should be possible to rotate the antenna when tuning to the left and right as wide as possible.
Here is an example of what it looks like.
Now about the plate. In fact, it is not quite a plate; rather, it is part of it, slightly compressed from the sides and elongated. Such a dish has an egg-shaped shape and is called offset, it works like a curved mirror, not only collecting, but also REFLECTING radio waves from the satellite to the receiving converter.
Therefore, the procedure for adjusting the position of the dish is approximately the same as if you came to the shooting range and began to aim at the target, standing with your back to it, through the mirror.
Before the actual dish, with the receiving converter, is attached to the wall of the house, you need to more accurately determine the direction to the satellite. While it will be approximately, according to the compass. Once again, for my area it will be an azimuth of 204 degrees. Let me remind you, if anyone does not remember: in order to take the azimuth, you need to set the compass so that its arrow points to the north, and below it is the zero mark of its scale. Without moving the compass, find 204 degrees on the scale and note this direction on the ground. Let it be a direction to some tree, building, bush, stone, or whatever you have.
High accuracy is not required here, everything is about. After that, stand at the place of the future installation of the antenna and look carefully in this direction at the sky, at an angle to the horizon of about 20 ... 25 degrees. The Tricolor satellite is somewhere out there. There should be no obstacles in this direction in the form of roofs, trees, branches, poles, power lines. Here somewhere here and fasten your plate.
If the wall of the house is wooden, then the process of attaching the plate should be taken with special care, making sure that the screws get into the supporting structure of the house, into the timber, into the log or into the partition. If you simply screw the plate onto the boards or on the crate, then with a difference in humidity (summer - autumn - winter - spring), the tree will swell a little or shrink a little, the plate will move, the signal will disappear. This has happened many times in my practice.
The accuracy of the installation of a satellite dish greatly affects the quality of reception, the permissible vibration or error here is no more than 3 (three!) Millimeters.
After the plate is fixed, first set the position of the mirror strictly vertically, according to the level or plumb, and then tilt it back a little by 1.5..2 centimeters. Do not overtighten the bolts on the plate mount.
Here in this photo you can clearly see how much you need to deflect the plate.
Connect the receiver to the TV as directed in its instructions. Turn it on. The receiver will enter channel search mode. Do not press anything, leave it as it is. Connect the antenna wire from the dish to the receiver. Then, on the street, connect the wire coming from the receiver using F-connectors to the Sat Finder device, connect the other wire, pre-prepared, short, to the converter on the plate. An approximate view of the wire cutting in the figure.
If there are no breaks and short circuits in the wiring, then the backlight of the scale will light up in it. This means that food is being delivered to the plate. By turning the sensitivity control of the device, make the device start to crackle a little from interference (but not squeak).
A little about the Sat Finder device.
Don't think of it as advertising. His name is SF-9501, sold in almost all electronic stores, or in extreme cases, on Alibaba.com. An indispensable thing when setting up any satellite dish. With a relatively low cost (400 ... 600 rubles), it saves a huge amount of time and nerves.
The principle of operation of this device is based on measuring the signal strength at the output of the converter and its sound and pointer indication.
There are various models and modifications, with displays, programmable, etc., but in our case the simplest model will be more than enough.
Now that all the connections have been checked and you can hear the noise crackling in the device, start slowly, very slowly moving the plate horizontally to the left and then to the right. As the dish moves, you will hear several different signals from various satellites (there are many of them). Your task is to choose the strongest of them and leave the plate in this position.
Then reduce the sensitivity (buzzer volume) of the Sat Finder with the regulator and select more accurately the position of the plate in the horizontal plane.
If the signals are weak or not audible at all, tilt the dish back a little (by 1 cm) and repeat the signal search in the horizontal plane again. Thus, by searching horizontally and raising the dish slightly above the horizon with each pass, you will find the satellite with the strongest signal. After such a signal is found, try moving the dish up or down a little (by a centimeter, no more), achieving the maximum signal strength. If necessary, reduce the sensitivity of the device for more precise adjustment.
Check the approximate direction of the dish to the satellite, it should not differ from the one previously found by the compass by more than 5 ... 8 degrees in one direction or another.
Return to TV. According to the instructions for the receiver, conduct an initial search for channels. Operator - Tricolor, region - Chelyabinsk or Ural. If the dish is set up correctly, then you will see a list of many channels. Check if there are Tricolor - Info and Tricolor - Promo, TV-TV, TV2-TV channels among them. These channels should work even without activating the access card.
After all the channels are found, return to the dish and carefully, so as not to knock down the setting, fix all the fastenings of the dish and all the bolts with nuts with the keys, controlling the signal strength on the device.
After fixing the antenna and checking the image on the TV, turn off the device, and connect the wire from the receiver to the converter on the plate. This completes the setup. About ten free channels and about 300 paid channels will be available to you from the Tricolor satellite. Now you should register your equipment with the operator by calling the special number indicated in the instructions for the receiver. After registering the equipment, all channels found during setup will become available for viewing.
I think that viewing will be much more pleasant, given that the entire budget of our enterprise (with nails and electrical tape) is at the level of 700 ... 800 rubles.
As practice has shown, the Sat Finder device will come in handy more than once. Whether the wind is strong, or snow with ice, or some kind of restructuring in the house, you can always go and adjust the shifted antenna, both at home and at your neighbor.
Yes, just in case, I will give the parameters for the Intelsat 15 85E satellite, for the Telecard. The azimuth is 143 degrees, the angle of elevation, that is, the "collapse" of the dish, is the same as that of the Tricolor. The rest of the setup procedure is exactly the same.
Enjoy watching!
In order to independently, without any practical knowledge, assemble and install a set of satellite television at home, you need to follow a certain step-by-step sequence of work.
Consider the main points that you should pay special attention to when assembling the plate, wiring diagrams, and also focus on the common mistakes made by inexperienced installers.
Mounting materials
Let's start with the necessary materials. For assembly you will need:
Without them, if you have several heads, you will get such a Christmas tree. 
It will be required if you want to simultaneously connect several TVs from one dish.
Converters
To begin with, it is worth considering the converters themselves in more detail. 
They differ in polarization. There are models:
- with linear polarization (vertical and horizontal)
- circular polarized
With circular, they are used to receive Tricolor TV and NTV + channels from a satellite of 36 degrees. To receive MTS and Telecard, you will need a Ku band with linear polarization. 
You can tell them apart by their markings. On the left in the figure is circular, on the right is linear. 
They can also have a different number of outputs:
The converter itself consists of three main elements:
- irradiator
- waveguide
- the electronic unit
Under the cover of the irradiator, you can see a dielectric plate. Its presence indicates that this is a circular polarization converter. 
That is, it can be used to receive Tricolor and NTV Plus channels. To turn such a converter into a linear one, to search for other satellites, it is enough to pull out and remove the plate. 
By the way, the loss or deterioration of the signal can sometimes be associated with damage to this record. Due to temperature fluctuations in the street, it gradually collapses and crumbles.
Special converters for multiswitches have 4 outputs.
However, they are not all equal. One with vertical, the other with horizontal polarization. Plus two subranges - upper and lower. This is important when connecting cables via a multiswitch.
Multiswitch connection diagrams
The multiswitch itself must be selected depending on the number of cables and TVs in your home. The wiring diagrams for the most popular satellites are as follows:
If you also have a regular TV antenna, then the multiswitch must have a TerrTV input. 
Scheme of connection via the multiswitch of the ABS-2A satellite for receiving a package of channels from MTS: 
Keep in mind, when using a multiswitch, dysik = Diseqc is no longer needed.
Assembling a satellite dish
From the assembly tool, a pair of open-end wrenches for 10 and 13 is usually enough, plus a Phillips screwdriver. For fastening to the wall, you will need a puncher and anchor bolts. 
When you have decided on the package, first of all, you need to correctly assemble the plate itself. There are several nuances here.
For example, when assembling the traverse, please note that the transverse bar, which is attached to the plate mirror itself, should be superimposed exactly on top of it. 
If you screw it on the other side, and this is physically possible, then:
- firstly, you will have poor hole alignment
- secondly, the opposite end of the traverse, where the heads cling, will go out of focus
As a result, it will initially be difficult to catch at least some signal. In addition, the mount that goes to the bracket, when setting up satellites above the horizon (relative to your geographical location), should cling with the adjustable part down. 
And for satellites below the horizon - on the contrary, the adjustable part is up. 
Since in this case, you will no longer need to raise, but lower the mirror.
How to collect multifeed
The assembly of a multifeed is also associated with some features. In a collapsible kit, initially there are two unequal "ears". One is more, the other is less.
A small one is put on a tube assembled with plastic. 
A large one is attached to the central traverse. In this case, both ears can be positioned relative to each other in two different ways.
On the same level or in different planes. Most installers are located in the same plane. 
Although if you do it the other way around, it will make it easier to complete the very initial setup of the satellite dish and save time when searching for additional side satellites. 
The assembled heads will be at different levels, one higher, the other lower. 
Actually, as the satellites themselves fly along the horizon. 
But this is of course true if your converters catch three different satellites. When two heads catch one satellite, for example Eutelsat 36E, but with different software packages, then place them in the same plane.
But the third head, mount as described above. The gap between the converters also depends on the diameter of the mirror. The smaller its size, the closer the heads will be located relative to each other. 
After the bar is screwed, try to set the head at least by eye so that the central axis of the plastic (where the two halves of the casting meet), and this very attachment to the traverse, are at an angle of 90 degrees. Further, everything will be regulated relative to this initial position. 
The order of alternation of multifeeds also matters. The first and closest to the dish should be the multifeed, the position of the satellite of which is closer to your place of residence. 
For example, if you live above 40 degrees, then Eutelsat 36.0E should go on your plate first, then Hotbird 13E, and the last Astra 5.0E. The same is true for other satellites.
After fixing the dish on the wall or roof, run coaxial cables from this place to the tuner or switch. 
You sign each end from which head it comes from. 
If you have a dysec, there will be only one output cable.
F connector connection
To connect coaxial cables, they need to be stripped and put on F-connectors. This can be done in two ways.
1st method - cut off with a knife only the outer sheath of the cable at a distance of 20-25mm. The screen cannot be damaged. 
All the wires are carefully bent onto the shell. 
Now you need to remove the insulation from the central core. It should protrude from the screen by a maximum of 2mm. 
After that, screw on the F connector. 
Shorten the excess stock of the central core, leaving no more than 5 mm from the connector plane. 
The 2nd way is easier. Again, take a clerical knife. Step back about 1 cm from the edge of the cable and cut off all the insulation. Including external and internal, up to the central core. 
Then, stepping back 3mm, cut off only the outer braid. 
Make sure that no fibers or wires get between the braid and the central core. 
There is no need to remove the insulation and bend anything. Just insert and screw on the f connector from above.
Next, you do the cabling around the apartment in all the rooms where you have TVs. You also sign all of them. 
At the same time, it is much more reliable to run the cable directly into the device, and not connect it through a satellite TV outlet. This can be associated with both a loss of quality and a general loss of the signal. 
The wiring diagram when using a multiswitch may look like this: 
Connecting Diseqc
If there is only a daisik, the connection and configuration of satellites is carried out in the following sequence. 
Remember that any self-respecting store of satellite equipment and similar systems always sells tuners already programmed for certain channels and satellites. Otherwise, competitors will simply survive from the market.
At the same time, when buying, be sure to ask the seller to write you the ports of the Diseqc switch, since they were set by him during the settings. It is through these ports that you will have to make all cable connections. 
When mounting, you first connect the cables to the heads, and then run them to the dysik. Just the same on it, it is advisable to connect everything initially with the “factory” tuner settings. 
If you have any satellite in the receiver configured on the first port, accordingly, do not let it go to port number 1. If on the second, then port No. 2 is also used in the switch, etc.
All input ports are always signed. The central single connector is the output to the tuner itself. 
Search for satellite and channels
Setting up and searching for a satellite can be done without sophisticated devices using the receiver itself. 
True, you will have to drag the tuner itself + some small TV to the roof.
Unless, of course, you will install a motor suspension. 
Another setup is done by two people. One person on the roof is moving the dish, the other is using a cell phone to control the signal of the house on TV.
If you are not satisfied with either one or the second option, you can buy a cheap portable device from the Chinese for setting up and analyzing a satellite signal - or here. 
Then the setup will not be difficult at all. By the way, it will come in handy in the future if, after a strong wind, your signal worsens or you want to add a satellite over time, or maybe even change heads. Set up satellites with MTS and Tricolor, instead of Amos, Astra, etc. 
Start tuning from the center head. Initially, set the plate with a slight rise to the horizon. In order to orient in the direction, look at the nearest neighbors.
In our time, you will clearly not be a pioneer, and finding a pair of three tuned cymbals will not be difficult. Sometimes there are so many of them that they interfere with each other. 
In extreme cases, you can use the programs on smartphones - Satellite Director or SatFinder.
Install the program, run it and start turning the smartphone in different directions in search of the desired satellite. The coordinates of most of them are already loaded into the program and you don’t need to look for anything. 
An icon marked with a circle or a cross will show the correct direction for the satellite dish. Check it out for him. 
Turn on the tuner, select a satellite from the central converter and look for at least some signal from this head. The search is performed by raising, lowering and turning the antenna itself. 
The signal quality is indicated as a percentage scale and is located at the bottom of the screen. You need to achieve the maximum possible value. 
To do this, very, very slowly begin to turn the plate in different directions. The mirror itself cannot be closed at the same time.
If there is no signal, or if it is of very poor quality, the dish will lower slightly. Further, the process of reversal to the sides is repeated. As soon as a good quality signal is caught in height, the dish is preliminarily fixed vertically. 
After that, again, you can twist it around to the right and left to find the highest possible quality. There will never be 100%, just look for the highest possible figure - 68-75%, etc. 
Having found the best position, finally clamp the rotary mechanism to the right and left. Just do not immediately completely tighten one bolt at a time, otherwise the plate will be taken to the side by a couple of degrees. Tighten the nuts evenly, as on the wheels of a car or engine head. 
When the corners are all set, it is necessary to again adjust the entire structure in height. After loosening the fasteners, you begin to raise or lower it vertically, all the while controlling the signal.
Remember that the maximum is always searched for by dropping down.
What is it for and what does it give? In the process of long-term operation under the weight of snow, wind, rain, the dish will still go down a little, worsening the signal. 
You also need to expose it as if in a stretch. This will keep the signal quality for a long time.
Keep in mind that the plate must initially be fixed to the wall or roof exactly in level. 
If this is not observed, then having found the maximum of the signal horizontally, you will start looking for max vertically. And in the process of doing this, the horizontal position will go away. You will have to adjust the horizontal-vertical several times.
Then proceed to the next stage of setup - scrolling around its axis of the central converter clockwise or counterclockwise. Here you can also achieve a signal improvement of several percent. 
Thus, you have set up the cymbal itself and the central head. Let's move on to setting up side converters from other satellites.
Switch the tuner to the next satellite and call its information line. Thanks to the multifeed, the converter of this satellite can also be rotated up and down, zoomed in or out of the dish. 
As well as with the middle head, first look for the maximum on the vertical, and then move the side converter closer or further away from the center one. At the end of the settings, rotate it around the axis. 
When tuning satellites from the side converters, pay close attention to where you stand in relation to the dish. On the side heads, the signal from the satellite enters the center of the mirror and, as in billiards, is reflected on the converter.
So, in order not to block this signal with your body, you should be located on the nearest side of the adjustable head, and not on the opposite side.
After searching and setting up a satellite from all three converters, the process can be considered complete. Hide and seal the daisy from rain and precipitation, and securely fasten the satellite cables with cable ties so that they do not dangle in the wind.
Installation and connection errors
1 Incorrect crosshead assemblyAt the very beginning, make no mistake with the fasteners of the traverse to accommodate the converters. It should be installed under the bracket, not on top of it. 
Otherwise, there will be big problems with finding a signal even on the central head. It will be the wrong focus that will be to blame.
2 Using feed-through sockets
Pass-through sockets are the first enemy of satellite television. From such devices, there may not be a signal at all. 
Therefore, only terminal ones can be used. Often they are paired with television. 
They can only be used for analog television. Satellite TV should not have any splitters. The fact is that the broadcast of channels usually occurs on two polarizations. 
And the splitter is not able to simultaneously pass them through itself. As a result, some channels on some TV will simply be absent.
4 Large number of connectionsAny connection is a loss of signal quality, including seemingly convenient sockets. 
Make sure that there are no connections in places of high humidity - attics. In bad weather, the signal will generally disappear because of this.
5 Cheap cable
Do not buy a Chinese cable of dubious production. Almost half of the level of the signal that comes from the dish to the receiver can depend on the quality of the cable.
Never wrap a dysek in a plastic bag. Even if this saves you from direct raindrops, condensation will still form inside over time. 
And it is he who will cause the failure of the switch, which necessarily requires ventilation and communication with air. The simplest and cheapest option - an empty plastic bottle, also does not really save.
Therefore, it is best to place a waterproof box next to the plate and install the switch in it. 
Also, do not tape the F connectors. Such insulation does not help much against rust, and only worsens the situation, since sooner or later moisture still penetrates under the electrical tape.
And instead of gradually evaporating or rolling off the surface of the connector, it lingers on it and accelerates the corrosion process several times. Also remember to put an insulating cap on the free Diseqc port.
