Spelling n and nn in nouns. Difficult spellings n - nn

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech

This task requires knowledge of how words are formed!

Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.

Rule.

Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.

Full adjectives and participles.

Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: Which?

Remember!

Distinguish!

Short adjectives and participles.

To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.

Nouns and adverbs.

In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe?o - beshe?y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)

Remember!

Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:

mosheHHik harderHik

tribeHHik pridaHoh

settingHHik

YesHHik

bespridaHHitza

Action algorithm.

1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Parsing the task.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?

His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1

Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by the full form refinement ... th. We determine the writing of the full form: refinement ... th derived from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.

Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced by a verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.

Thus the correct answer is 4.

Practice.

1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.

The suffixes -n- and -nn- refer to those difficulties of Russian grammar that require memorizing a large amount of material and mastering not only the rules, but also exceptions to them. The main part of these rules concerns adjectives, as well as adverbs and participles. The writing of these suffixes in nouns also has its own characteristics.

Spelling н and нн in adjective suffixes

If an adjective is formed from a noun using suffixes such as -an-, -yan- and -in-, then it is written with one n, for example, as in the word clay. And there are three exceptions to this grammatical rule: tin, wood, glass. If such suffixes as -onn- and -enn- participated in the formation of the adjective, then you need to write double n, as in the word related.

But this rule also has exceptions are two words windy And oily.

If an adjective is formed from a word with a base on -n using the suffix -n-, then a word with a double n is obtained, although one letter is part of the base, and the second is part of the suffix - picture.

Adjectives can also be formed from verbs - and this makes them related to participles, so the spelling rules н and нн in suffixes in this case will be common.

So, if an adjective or participle has a prefix or a dependent word, then the suffix should be doubling n: plowed, boiled in water. The same applies to cases where the word contains such suffixes as -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: marinated.

In addition, if the word is formed from a verb without a prefix, but it belongs to the perfect form, n should also be doubled: deprived.

exception from this rule is the word wounded.

At the same time, one n will always be written in short participles, and in short adjectives there are as many of these letters as in full ones, with the exception of one form - this is the only masculine number, in which, as in participles, one n is written.

It is necessary to distinguish between the participle and the verbal adjective, which often coincide. For example, the word “educated” can be both, but if the participle has a short form in the feminine gender, then the adjective is brought up. It is not difficult to do this - before the “suspect” you need to put the word more. If it is inappropriate, then it is a participle, and if it is appropriate, then it is an adjective.

Other difficulties with the -n- suffix

This derivational unit is used in different parts of speech. So, in adverbs and nouns formed from adjectives, the same number of letters n are written as in the original word: pupil (from educated), organized (from organized).

What have we learned?

The main difficulty in choosing between н and нн in suffixes concerns adjectives. It is on their spelling that the spelling of those nouns and adverbs that are formed from them is based. Adjectives can be formed from nouns and verbs in different ways, which explains the use of н or нн. It is necessary to distinguish between verbal adjectives and participles.

This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who re-read the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Make yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.

How to reduce the probability of correct spelling

Easily. Write at random or because it looks so "beautiful". Or first and second at the same time.

How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling

Do not be lazy and do not skip any of the points of the algorithm. Only then will you bring the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to automatism.

Aerobatics - determine the amount n on the run.

You can, but not right away.

Sequencing

To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. You need to do this on the question that we ask by the way.

• Noun - Who? What?
• Adjective - Which?
  • Short adjective - what?
• adverb - How?
• Participle - Which?
  • Brief Communion - what?
• verbal adjective - Which?

You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?

Adjectives and participles

The adjective is derived from the noun, and the participle is derived from the verb.

Long is an adjective because it answers a question Which? and is derived from a noun length.

strewn is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb strew.

By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -usch-, -yusch-, -ash-, -yashch-, -em-, -om-, -im-. In past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the correct part of speech.

Participles and verbal adjectives

Now we have one more problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from the verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?

First, the verbal adjective is formed from the imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from the perfective verb.

How to determine the type of the verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is imperfect (denoting an incomplete action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is perfect (denoting a completed action).

Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.

A dependent word is a word to which you can ask a question from the main word.

Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.

Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfective because it answers the question what to do?.

loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb ship; this verb is imperfective because it answers the question what to do?; dependent words are missing.

In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:

1. Add dependent word.
   A man-loaded car. loaded by whom?- human. Now this is communion.
2. Change the form of the verb.
   loaded car. Formed from a verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore belongs to the perfect species.

Short adjectives and short participles

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Realized that the word answers the question what?.
2. We think from what full form the word is formed.
3. We determine the part of speech in the full form (we read the differences between adjectives and participles above).

Here is a table to illustrate.

Hooray. Now we know what part of speech our word belongs to.

Applying the rules

See how easy it is when we know the part of speech:

We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.

In a word asphalted write nn because there is a suffix -ova-.

Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- were suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cove- And zhev-. These words contain one letter n, because they are verbal adjectives.

You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.

It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.

In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en th, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

We write in adjectives nn in the following cases:

1. In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N th, time enn th.
2. If the word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn th.
   Pay special attention to the second point. Without it, you would write in a word fog one letter n because there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -en- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, whose base ends with n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget this rule.

Words windy, oily, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter. n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh no wind nn th).

OK. What about short adjectives?

Everything is simple here: the same number of letters are written in them n, how many and in total.

What about adverbs?

It's the same story here. We write the same n how much in the word from which the adverb is formed.

Slowly- adverb because it answers a question How?. Formed from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write nn in suffix -enn-, therefore, in the adverb we write the same way.

Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusingly explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; formed from an imperfective verb confuse). Because the confused- verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then in the dialect, which is formed from it, we write the same amount.

A little exercise. Explain the setting n-nn in a sentence.

Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes, slightly ash-cured, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem delicious in the fresh air. to the most sophisticated gourmet.

The topic of the Russian language "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives" is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the simplest rules and make a large number of mistakes when creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the existing rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.

Part of speech definition

They call the significant, which denotes a non-procedural feature of the subject, and also acts in the sentence as a definition or nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “what?”, “what?”, “what?”, And also “whose?” and what?".

general information

"The spelling of 'n' and 'nn' in adjectives" is a very important topic in Russian. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a competent text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many letters "n" you need to write in a particular case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure it out together, in what cases should you put -nn-:

Which adjectives that are derived from nouns use "n"?

Now you know in what cases the suffixes -nn- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn-, etc.), if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough for a competent drafting of the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules for the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

1. In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter "n" is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), waxed (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. In this case, these are the words "glass", "wood" and "tin". 2 letters "nn" are written in them, and they should be remembered.
2. In the names of adjectives that are formed without the use of any suffixes. Let's take an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, ruddy, pig, young and united.

How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?

2 letters "n" are written if adjectives are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a large measure of any feature. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters "n" should be written if:

1. Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix non-almost never affects the spelling of "n" or "nn". Thus, in the adjective with, one should not write the same number of letters “n” as in the adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (connected, beveled, built).
2. If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Here is an example: an organized excursion, uprooted forest, etc.). Exceptions are the following words: chewed And forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are included in the root, and are not suffixes.
3. If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, woven from twigs).
4. If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word "wounded".

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. Exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, there are also short forms in Russian. To understand how "n" and "nn" are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally figure out how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yang- and -an- give the meaning "intended for something" or "made from a certain material." For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. In order to correctly compose a text, one should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Windmill, that is, “driven by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase "chicken pox" the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from "windmill".

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (buttered porridge). Oily, that is, "flattering" (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, "subjected to silvering" (silver device). Silver, that is, "made of silver" (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, "containing salt" (salted fish). Salt, that is, "consisting of salt" (salt pillar).

Spelling H and HH in adjectives

The number of letters H in adjectives depends on the suffix with which the word was formed.

If a word is formed using the suffix -Н-, doubling of consonants is obtained only when the stem of the generating word ends in N. For example: SON-N-Y, DRUM-N-Y.

If suffixes were used in the formation of a word
–AN-, -YAN-, -IN-, then you need to write one letter H. For example: GUS-IN-Y, SILVER-YAN-Y, LEATHER-AN-Y.

If the suffixes are -ONN- or -ENN-, then two N are written. For example: AVIATION-ONN-Y, STRAW-ENN-Y.

Remember a few exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN. In these words, double H is written, despite the fact that they were formed with the help of the suffix -YAN-.

Pay attention also to the word WINDY. There are no double consonants in it, since this adjective was formed not from the noun WIND, but from the obsolete verb WIND with the suffix N.

There are also a few adjectives for which this rule cannot be applied, for example: YOUNG, RUSSIAN. The fact is that these words were formed without suffixes at all. They write one H, which is at the root.

Exercise

1. From below came a rising, rising rumble, from the side - the sound of bone balls through a glass partition, behind which anxious faces flickered. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

2. Just think: forty kopecks from two dishes, and both of these dishes and five alt are not worth it, because the supply manager stole the remaining twenty-five kopecks. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

3. Then the bloody sun burst in his head with a ringing sound, and he saw absolutely nothing more. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

4. The duck's nose turned pale, and Turbin immediately realized that he was mistaken, he grabbed the wrong person. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

5. The machine, having turned the first stagnant waves, went smoothly, with a thousand-headed, lion's roar and ringing filling the empty halls of Spimat. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

6. Having surveyed the position with an eagle's eye, Korotkov hesitated for a moment and with a battle cry: "Forward!" ran into the billiard room. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

7. But the woman remained adamant and sad. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

8. He himself, in the same bandage, but not wetted, but dry, walked around not far from a group of executioners, not even taking off his overhead silver lion's muzzles from his shirt, without taking off his greaves, sword and knife. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

9. Then, with horror, he looked into the razor mirror, sure that he had lost an eye. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

10. The pantser was rising with a country, unnatural speed, and Korotkov's heart sank at the thought that he would let him go. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

11. The man, smiling with an unusually polite, lifeless, plaster smile, approached Korotkov. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

12. Korotkov tried to laugh artificially, but it did not work out for him. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

13. With a shiny penknife, he cut the bell wire ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

14. The car drives in vain kaze_n uy! the cat also chimed in, chewing on the mushroom. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

15. Then he hung a heavy Mauser in a wooden holster, shaking the rack with deer antlers. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

16. Vaguely seen clumps of virgin and untouched lilacs, under the snow, a door, a glass lantern of an old canopy covered with snow. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

17. The ruddy-faced fat cadet slammed his bed by the box and stood motionless. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

18. ... the holster, probably due to the absent-mindedness of Colonel Malyshev, was unbuttoned. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

19. The rifle clattered down the icy hump of the pavement. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

20. A strange drunken ecstasy arose from Nikolka from somewhere in his stomach, and his mouth instantly dried up. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

21. In place of a very weak and in really difficult cases, an unnecessary mind, a wise animal instinct grows. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

22. Jack of Hearts climbed onto a chair, spat in Vasilisa's mustache and fired point-blank. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

23. ... a golden tail and the ends of two rifles flashed on a hat. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

24. There is only one illuminated place: Vladimir has been standing on a terrible heavy pedestal for a hundred years now, cast-iron black Vladimir and holding in his hand, upright, a three-sazhen_th cross. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

25. He was wearing a leather jacket from someone else's shoulder, frayed leather trousers and English high boots with lacing up to the knees. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

26. And if you want to listen to good advice: pour not English, but ordinary Russian vodka. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

27. The doctor, pale, with very determined eyes, raised his glass with a dragonfly waist. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

28. Philip Philipovich woefully pointed with both hands at the window curtain. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

29. On board the most magnificent jacket, like an eye, a precious stone stuck out. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

30. The blizzard clapped from a gun overhead, tossed up the huge letters of the poster canvas ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

31. Complete astonishment was expressed on the faces, and the woman was covered with a cranberry coating. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

32. He fell right on the table into a long dish, splitting it along ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

33. Here, in the state library, authentic manuscripts of the warlock Herbert of Avrilak, tenth century, were found, and so it is required that I take them apart. I am the only specialist in the world. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

34. The novelist Petrakov-Sukhovey, who was dining at the next table, with his wife, who was eating up the pork escalope, noticed the courtship of Archibald Archibaldovich with the observation characteristic of all writers and was very surprised. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

35. He shifted his gaze higher and saw a figure in a crimson military mantle, rising to the execution site. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

36. But the fact is that all the time and continuously more and more new material entered the sleepless floor. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita").

The exercise was prepared by R. Lozovsky and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).